1901 Atlantic hurricane season

2422: 1214:, Cape Verde, early on August 29. Six hours later, the depression intensified into a tropical storm. While passing south of Cape Verde on August 29, the storm brought rough seas to the islands, sinking two vessels. Strong winds and torrential rainfall damaged coffee and sugar cane crops and houses. Livestock and people were killed. Thereafter, the storm slowly strengthened while continuing westward into the open Atlantic for a few days, until a slight curve to the west-northwest by August 31. The system intensified into a Category 1 hurricane around 12:00 UTC on September 1. 1774:, on October 30. Moving north-northeastward, the depression became a tropical storm by early on October 31. Later that day, the storm curved to the northeast. During the next few days, further intensification occurred, with the cyclone reaching hurricane status late on October 28. Shortly thereafter, the storm attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 989 mbar (29.2 inHg); the latter was observed by a ship, while the former was estimated using the subtropical wind-pressure relationship. 28: 1646: 1582: 1415: 972: 1517:, according to data from ships and historical weather maps. Initially the storm moved west-northwestward, before curving to the north-northwest over the northwestern Caribbean Sea early on September 25. Later that day, the cyclone began to intensify, after possibly maintaining the same intensity since September 21. The storm peaked with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (80 km/h), several hours before making landfall in western Pinar del Río Province in Cuba around 18:00 UTC. Some areas of Cuba experienced heavy rainfall, particularly 1722: 541: 433: 3390: 3008: 2807: 1590: 1479: 1654: 1423: 980: 549: 441: 1162: 678: 842: 1730: 1254: 1170: 686: 1079: 944:. Some areas of the city were also inundated with up to 18 inches (460 mm) of water due to storm tide. Several yachts, schooners, and ships were wrecked or sunk, resulting in at least $ 70,000 in damage. However, due to warnings by the Weather Bureau, the Mobile Chamber of Commerce estimated that several millions of dollars in damage was evaded. All towns along the coast of Mississippi "suffered seriously". In Louisiana, severe damage was reported at some towns due to strong winds and high tides. The community of 850: 1218:

September 6, at which time it began to slowly weaken. By September 8, the storm turned to the east and fell to Category 1 status. Around this time, a barometric pressure of 991 mbar (29.3 inHg) was observed, the lowest recorded in relation to the cyclone. The hurricane soon recurved back to the northeast and accelerated. Late on September 10, the system transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while located about 430 mi (690 km) north-northeast of

1246: 408:(ACE) rating of 99. ACE is a metric used to express the energy used by a tropical cyclone during its lifetime. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated at six-hour increments in which specific tropical and subtropical systems are either at or above sustained wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h), which is the threshold for tropical storm intensity. Thus, tropical depressions are not included here. 1702:, and San Salvador Island on October 16. That day around 12:00 UTC, the cyclone peaked with maximum sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h). Thereafter, the system began weakening and losing tropical characteristics, transitioning into an extratropical cyclone early on October 18 while located about 330 mi (530 km) south-southwest of Bermuda. Several hours later, the remnants dissipated. 2706: 397:, which had 14 named storms and no systems reaching at least Category 3. The seventh storm was considered a major hurricane until reanalysis by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz in 1997, who revised the intensity to a Category 2 hurricane because observations did not support Category 3. In 2008, an additional hurricane was added to 1055:. After reaching the Caribbean, the cyclone began weakening, probably due to colder sea surface temperatures and the storm's proximity to South America. On August 21, the cyclone weakened to a tropical depression. Continuing westward, it dissipated at 18:00 UTC on the following day while situated about 65 mi (105 km) west-northwest of 401:, which existed in late August over the far eastern Atlantic Ocean. A tropical depression in early October may have become a tropical storm, but data was inconclusive. Nearly all of the season's 14 tropical cyclones impacted land. Collectively, the storms caused over $ 1 million in damage and at least 35-40 fatalities. 1028:, on August 18. The system moved just north of due west throughout its duration and deepened into a tropical storm about 24 hours later. On August 20, the cyclone peaked with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (80 km/h). Late on August 20, the storm passed through the Windward Islands just north of 1622:

October 7, based on ship observations. By the following day, the storm began to weaken and slowly lose tropical characteristics. The system curved northward on October 10 and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone later that day, while situated about 255 mi (410 km) west-southwest of

1349:. Rainfall peaked at 10.43 in (265 mm) in San Salvador, while winds in San Juan reached 52 mph (84 km/h). Minor damage occurred to citrus and coffee crops, while bananas suffered severe losses. A telegraph report from Haiti indicated heavy rainstorms and strong winds in the vicinity of 1130:

on August 25. The storm moved west-northwest and struck the island with winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) a few hours later. After reaching the open Atlantic, the system intensified and reached hurricane status early on August 27. Later that day, it peaked with maximum sustained winds of

769:

Early on July 10, the storm became a hurricane, shortly before peaking with maximum sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 983 mbar (29.0 inHg), both of which were observed by ships. The hurricane recurved to the west early on July 11

1790:

This is a table of all of the storms that have formed in the 1901 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s)–denoted by bold location names – damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a

385:

of 973 mbar (28.7 inHg). Although the seventh cyclone was a Category 2 hurricane with winds of 105 mph (170 km/h), a lower minimum barometric pressure was not recorded. In September, three additional system formed, one of which became a hurricane. October featured the same

1621:

This storm was first observed by ships about 500 mi (800 km) north-northeast of Paramaribo early on October 5. Initially drifting northwestward, the storm gradually accelerated while deepening slowly. The cyclone peaked with maximum sustained winds of 70 mph (115 km/h) on

1458:

in the Cape Verde Islands. The system strengthened slowly while moving north-northwestward and later north-northeastward across the eastern Atlantic. Early on September 14, the cyclone peaked with maximum sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h). Thereafter, it curved northwestward and

1777:

While passing southeast of Bermuda, the storm ruined crops and caused considerable damage to some buildings. The system began to deteriorate gradually after peak intensity, weakening to a tropical storm early on November 4. Early the following day, the cyclone curved east-southeastward. By

1217:

Continuing to deepen, the cyclone became a Category 2 hurricane on September 3. By the following day, it turned northward and peaked with maximum sustained winds of 105 mph (170 km/h). The hurricane would maintain this intensity for a few days, until curving northeastward on

377:

tropical storm between 1944 and 1996 was July 11. August was the most active month of the season. There were four tropical storms, three of which intensified into hurricanes. The fourth system was the most intense tropical cyclone of the season, peaking as a Category 1 hurricane with

376:

began with the development of the first tropical storm on June 11 in the northwestern Caribbean. July featured two tropical storms, one of which strengthened into a hurricane. By July 5, the season had three tropical storms. In comparison, the average date of development of the first

1693:

shortly thereafter. A few cities observed rainfall. Upon reaching the southwestern Atlantic Ocean late on October 15, the depression intensified into a tropical storm. Further deepening occurred as the storm moved northeastward into the Bahamas, where it made landfall on or brushed

1386:

city of Braddock, with few homes, barns, or farm buildings not sustaining any impact. In Poplar Terrace, a water tank was swept away from a house. The hospital in Montevue was partially deroofed. Twelve barns were overturned in Liberty and corn crops were ruined. At

917:. After reaching the Gulf of Mexico the next day, the storm continued to intensify and reached hurricane status on August 12. Early on August 13, the hurricane peaked with winds of 90 mph (145 km/h). After weakening slightly, the cyclone struck 1561:

on October 4. The depression moved west-northwestward and may have intensified into a tropical storm, but data was sparse and inconclusive. It likely dissipated by the following day, as weather maps do not indicate a closed low-pressure area thereafter.

1533:, with winds of 45 mph (70 km/h). The cyclone rapidly lost tropical characteristics and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone over Georgia around 12:00 UTC. However, the remnants lasted until October 2, after crossing the 343:

also indicated but could not confirm the presence of an additional tropical storm in October 1901, instead listing the cyclone as a tropical depression. However, the reanalysis added a previously undetected hurricane in late August to the

778:

in North Carolina at the same intensity. Quickly weakening to a tropical storm after a few hours, the cyclone southwestward and reemerged into the Atlantic early on July 12. Turning to the west-northwest, it made landfall near modern-day

1314:. Early the following day, the cyclone struck Puerto Rico with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h), several hours before making made landfall in Dominican Republic near Punta Cana at the same intensity. The storm weakened while crossing 1138:. The hurricane began weakening early on August 28 and fell to tropical storm intensity shortly thereafter. By late on August 30, the storm was analysed to have dissipated about 1,145 mi (1,845 km) northwest of 1322:. Early the following day, the storm peaked with sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 1,001 mbar (29.6 inHg), the latter was measured by a ship while the former was estimated during 1524:

Late on September 25, the storm emerged into the Gulf of Mexico. The system soon curved north-northeastward and began to accelerate and slowly weaken. At 03:00 UTC on September 28, it made landfall in modern-day

609:, with little impact. By July 5, the system peaked as a strong tropical storm with maximum sustained winds of 70 mph (115 km/h), while beginning to curve west-northwestward over the eastern Caribbean Sea. In 3572: 3567: 657:

with winds of 50 mph (80 km/h). Some locations reported tropical storm force winds. Tides caused water to reach waterfront streets in Galveston. The storm quickly weakened and dissipated late on July 10.

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late on July 7. Abnormally high tides and strong winds caused flooding in a majority of homes along the south coast of the province. Early on July 8, the system emerged into the Gulf of Mexico. The

3555: 3550: 1361:

were inundated with at least 3 ft (0.91 m) of water. The system caused a significant amount of rain across Georgia and the Carolinas, with the maximum amount reported 11.4 in (290 mm) at

3584: 3579: 798:

in Puerto Rico, where heavy rainfall occurred, particularly in the southwestern portion of the island, with 17.22 in (437 mm) observed at Hacienda La Perla. Flooding was reported along the

621:, and Vega Real, with rivers overflowing their banks. Additionally, high winds knocked out telegraphic communication with the city of Santo Domingo. Strong winds and "severe rain" were reported in 1791:

traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1901 USD.

1459:

began to deteriorate very slowly, weakening to a tropical depression late on September 17. Soon after, the system dissipated about 505 mi (815 km) northwest of Santo Antão.

653:, began warning residents of the approaching cyclone on July 9. The system weakened while approaching the coast, and around 10:00 UTC on the following day, it made landfall near 952:, overflowing levees inundated numerous streets. Outside the city, crops suffered severely, particularly rice. Overall, the storm caused 10–15 deaths and $ 1 million in damage. 1382:, 3.32 in (84 mm) of rain fell in a period of 24 hours, which became the highest daily precipitation total for the month of September. Significant damage occurred in the 1302:

early on September 9. The system tracked generally westward and deepened slowly. On September 11, the grazed several islands of the northern Lesser Antilles, including

367: 738:, early on July 4. The cyclone moved northwestward and intensified into a tropical storm about 24 hours later. Late on July 5, the storm either brushed or struck 1318:, before emerging into the Caribbean Sea early on September 13. While passing to the south of Cuba, the system intensified, becoming a hurricane on September 14 near 517:, far from the center, observed winds of 43 mph (69 km/h). Although the system weakened to a depression by early on June 14, it persisted until dissipating over 277:

on November 5. These dates fall within the period with the most tropical cyclone activity in the Atlantic. Eight of the fourteen tropical cyclones existed simultaneously.

1454:

Ships reports and historical weather maps indicated that the storm was first observed early on September 12, while located about 345 mi (555 km) southwest of

1330:, on September 15. Upon entering the Gulf of Mexico, the cyclone weakened to a tropical storm. By September 17, it turned north-northeastward and made landfall in 3089: 1334:, at 20:00 UTC with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h). The system then moved rapidly northeastward and became extratropical about 75 mi (120 km) east of 909:

on August 2. Moving southwestward and later westward, the depression remained weak for several days, until strengthening into a tropical storm while approaching the

3535: 802:

and Caugus rivers. The Weather Bureau office in San Juan observed a wind speed of 52 mph (84 km/h). In Virginia, winds averaged 50 mph (80 km/h) at

280:

Of the season's fourteen tropical cyclones, thirteen became a tropical storm, and six of those strengthened into a hurricane. With no major hurricanes occurring in the

369: 810:

was killed after being hit by a tree that was struck by lightning. A number of trees were level and lost their fruit due to heavy rainfall and strong winds in

2450: 3184: 2955: 2765: 2741: 2513: 818:, artillery practice was interrupted after strong winds destroyed the floating targets. In North Carolina, winds reached 39 mph (63 km/h) at 366: 3522: 386:

amount of activity, but also had a short-lived tropical depression. The season's final system developed on October 30 and transitioned into an

783:

at 22:00 UTC with winds of 40 mph (65 km/h). Late on July 13, the storm weakened to a tropical depression and dissipated over

3180: 2960: 2770: 2737: 2518: 3346: 2891: 913:

early on August 9. It then crossed through the islands and intensified only slightly. Late on August 10, the storm made landfall near

269:. The first system was initially observed in the northeastern Caribbean on June 11. The fourteenth and final system transitioned into an 1778:

00:00 UTC on November 6, it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while located about 575 mi (925 km) southeast of

2445: 1513:

Early on September 21, the tenth tropical storm of the season was first observed about 125 mi (200 km) northwest of the

3127: 3664: 1033: 1626:. The remnants persisted for a few days while moving northeast, until dissipating well northwest of the Azores on October 14. 211: 948:

reported that only the lighthouse was not destroyed, while other sources state that an office building also remained standing. In

3137: 2455: 262: 3099: 352:, peaking at 105 mph (170 km/h), equivalent to a Category 2 hurricane. However, the fourth hurricane had a lower 3561: 750:, Dominican Republic, with winds of 70 mph (115 km/h) and then briefly emerged into the Atlantic before striking the 3295: 2840: 3515: 3299: 2844: 2435: 1323: 340: 201: 758:

as a strong tropical storm. It curved northeastward late on July 9 and resumed intensification, likely due to the warm

589:

The second storm of the season was first observed on July 1 about 225 miles (360 km) north of the modern day

3638: 754:. By 18:00 UTC on July 7, the system reemerged into the Atlantic. Early the following day, the cyclone brushed 292:. The fourth and eighth systems were the deadliest and most damaging storms of season. The fourth storm, known as the 493:

recorded rainfall, but no unusually strong winds. Thereafter, the storm moved generally northward across the eastern

3508: 1210:

Historical weather maps indicate that a tropical depression developed about 115 mi (185 km) southeast of

771: 606: 1770:

The final storm of the season developed as a tropical depression about 55 mi (90 km) north-northwest of

3669: 3643: 1833: 1546: 742:. The system soon entered the Caribbean Sea and continued to strengthen. It brushed near the southwestern tip of 485:

on June 11. Moving northeastward, it strengthened into a tropical storm shortly before landfall in western

3488: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3436: 3430: 2083: 394: 289: 285: 281: 266: 241: 237: 229: 225: 497:

and likely maintained the same intensity as a 40 mph (65 km/h) tropical storm. On the east coast of

3606: 3098:(Report). Blacksburg, Virginia: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 11. Archived from 2440: 2180: 925:

less than 24 hours later. The system weakened to a tropical storm early on August 16 and became

3622: 3132: 2509: 393:

With a total of 13 tropical storms, this was the most active season without a major hurricane until

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Along portions of the east coast of Florida, "considerable damage" was reported due to strong winds. In

2176: 1331: 780: 514: 506: 405: 3406: 1139: 3674: 3417: 3338: 3262: 3217: 3065: 2947: 2883: 2866: 2823: 2757: 2691: 2584: 2188: 2184: 1388: 1366:. Offshore Virginia, rough seas resulted in the wrecking or sinking of several vessels. The schooner 1226:. The remnants moved quickly northeastward and dissipated southwest of Ireland on September 11. 775: 634: 333: 254: 221: 3389: 3007: 2806: 2687: 641: 3175: 3094: 2732: 2427: 1798: 1052: 914: 896: 819: 799: 759: 646: 293: 162: 85: 1850: 1526: 806:

late on July 10 through early on July 11, downing power lines in the area. A woman in

284:, 1901 and 1902 were the first time that two consecutive seasons lacked a major hurricane since 1914: 1771: 1379: 1327: 1036: 902: 378: 349: 2986: 2785: 3060: 2861: 2247: 1534: 1371: 1123: 926: 625:, where several vessels along the coast were wrecked. Fourteen deaths occurred, with nine in 387: 373: 329: 270: 27: 2504: 1645: 1581: 2558: 2475: 1881: 1695: 1375: 945: 811: 297: 185: 1689:, on October 15. The depression moved northeastward without strengthening and struck 1414: 971: 481:

The first tropical depression of the season developed over the Caribbean just west of the

8: 1721: 1530: 540: 510: 432: 382: 353: 3027: 1653: 1589: 1478: 1307: 751: 3411: 3368: 3342: 3167: 2991: 2887: 2790: 2724: 2002: 1782:. The remnants continued east-southeastward until dissipating late on November 6. 1422: 979: 807: 610: 548: 440: 1161: 677: 1514: 1455: 1363: 841: 1545:. The storm brought fairly strong winds to Florida and the southern portions of the 1518: 1358: 3531: 1956: 1952: 1729: 1354: 1020:

A tropical depression developed about 415 mi (670 km) south-southwest of

654: 650: 640:

Thereafter, the storm paralleled the south coast of Cuba, until making landfall in

598: 502: 305: 258: 3209: 2815: 1253: 1169: 1078: 849: 685: 3373: 3221:(Report). College Park, Maryland: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 3069:(Report). Camp Springs, Maryland: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2870:(Report). Camp Springs, Maryland: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2827:(Report). College Park, Maryland: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2589: 2251: 1998: 1990: 1538: 1335: 1044: 941: 309: 118: 3090:

Tropical cyclones affecting North Carolina since 1586: An historical perspective

2010: 1686: 929:

several hours later. Thereafter, the remnants persisted until dissipating over

815: 784: 494: 482: 1350: 1338:

in North Carolina late on September 18. The remnants dissipated offshore

1298:

A tropical storm was first observed about 700 mi (1,100 km) east of

3658: 2710: 1761: 1311: 1285: 1201: 1113: 1011: 901:

A tropical depression developed about 615 mi (990 km) southwest of

881: 717: 618: 597:

border. The cyclone intensified slowly and moved northwestward, reaching the

590: 580: 472: 114: 3500: 1245: 348: (HURDAT). The seventh tropical cyclone that year was the strongest by 1779: 1219: 1793: 814:. A barn was destroyed after being struck by lightning and set ablaze. At 3272:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2565:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2172: 2048: 1339: 1319: 949: 922: 791: 763: 755: 743: 730:

A tropical depression developed about 250 mi (400 km) north of

313: 1557:

Based on historical weather maps, a tropical depression formed offshore

940:, trees were uprooted, houses were de-roofed, and chimneys collapsed in 2113: 1994: 1869: 1757: 1315: 1299: 1281: 1197: 1127: 1109: 1021: 1007: 877: 803: 747: 739: 731: 713: 576: 468: 317: 110: 3319: 2044: 1542: 1374:

barge, killing the schooner's captain. Four sailors drowned offshore

1326:. The hurricane soon curved west-northwestward and later passed near 918: 746:

early on July 7. Several hours the storm made landfall north of

626: 301: 1685:

A tropical depression formed about 50 mi (80 km) south of

2006: 1922: 1383: 1040: 1025: 735: 601:

early on July 3. Around that time, the cyclone passed between

594: 518: 325: 1051:, were wrecked. The jetties and vessels at them were destroyed on 614: 2709:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

2052: 2040: 1918: 1699: 1623: 1303: 1029: 937: 930: 910: 633:. Later on July 5, the storm passed to the southwest of the 602: 498: 274: 304:. In September, the eighth cyclone impacted some islands of the 1558: 1223: 1132: 1131:

80 mph (130 km/h), an observation from the Norwegian

906: 630: 490: 398: 345: 365: 2559:

Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT

1960: 1808: 1805: 1211: 1056: 622: 501:, a wind speed of 36 mph (58 km/h) was observed in 1820: 1817: 3058: 2859: 1910: 1814: 486: 321: 1811: 324:. There were five fatalities during boating accidents in 3416: 3033:(Report). National Weather Service San Juan, Puerto Rico 2505:

Atlantic basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT

1353:. In Cuba, several ships were beached along the bay at 1823: 1845: 3270: