100 Gigabit Ethernet

865:(PMD) sublayer and establish compatible sources of low-cost, low-power, pluggable optical transceivers based on 10 optical lanes at 10 Gbit/s each. The 10x10 MSA was intended as a lower cost alternative to 100GBASE-LR4 for applications which do not require a link length longer than 2 km. It was intended for use with standard single mode G.652.C/D type low water peak cable with ten wavelengths ranging from 1523 to 1595 nm. The founding members were 8425: 600: 8437: 572:. In July 2011, Juniper announced 100GbE with Australian ISP iiNet on their T1600 routing platform. Juniper started shipping the MPC3E line card for the MX router, a 100GbE CFP MIC, and a 100GbE LR4 CFP optics in March 2012. In Spring 2013, Juniper Networks announced the availability of the MPC4E line card for the MX router that includes 2 100GbE CFP slots and 8 10GbE SFP+ interfaces. 854:

10 differential lanes using SFF-8642 and SFF-8436 connectors. The 10 and 40 km 100 Gbit/s objectives with four wavelengths (around 1310 nm) of 25 Gbit/s optics (100GBASE-LR4 and 100GBASE-ER4) and the 10 km 40 Gbit/s objective with four wavelengths (around 1310 nm) of 10 Gbit/s optics (40GBASE-LR4).

858:

1550 nm and 1310 nm wavelengths of light. The capability to receive 1310 nm light allows it to inter-operate with a longer reach 1310 nm PHY should one ever be developed. 1550 nm was chosen as the wavelength for 802.3bg transmission to make it compatible with existing test equipment and infrastructure.

211:, memories) were not readily available off-the-shelf or require extensive qualification and co-design. Another problem is related to the low-output production of 100 Gbit/s optical components, which were also not easily available – especially in pluggable, long-reach or tunable laser flavors. 3457:

was defined in IEEE 802.3bj / Clause 91. This replaces the 64b66b encoding with a 256b257b encoding followed by the RS-FEC application, which combines to the exact same overhead as 64b66b. To the optical transceiver or cable, there is no distinction between this and 64b66b; some interface types (e.g.

517:

and Comcast took place in April 2011. In the same year, Cisco tested the 100GbE interface between CRS-3 and a new generation of their ASR9K edge router model. In 2017, Cisco announced a 32 port 100GbE Cisco Catalyst 9500 Series switch and in 2019 the modular Catalyst 9600 Series switch with a 100GbE

853:

The 100 m laser-optimized multi-mode fiber (OM3) objective was met by parallel ribbon cable with 850 nm wavelength 10GBASE-SR like optics (40GBASE-SR4 and 100GBASE-SR10). The backplane objective with 4 lanes of 10GBASE-KR type PHYs (40GBASE-KR4). The copper cable objective is met with 4 or

4696:

100GAUI-2 is a 100 Gbit/s 2-lane electrical interface defined in 802.3cd Annex 135F/G with a nominal signaling rate for each lane of 26.5625 GBd using PAM4 modulation and RS-FEC(544,514) so suitable for use with 100GBASE-CR2, 100GBASE-KR2, 100GBASE-SR2, 100GBASE-DR, 100GBASE-FR1, 100GBASE-LR1

3444:

If the device and transceiver support dual-speed operation, it is possible to reconfigure an 100G port to downspeed to 40G or 4×10G. There is no autonegotiation protocol for this, thus manual configuration is necessary. Similarly, a port can be broken into 4×25G if implemented in the hardware. This

891:

On February 16, 2015, the 802.3bm standard was approved. The 802.3bm standard specifies a lower-cost optical 100GBASE-SR4 PHY for MMF and a four-lane chip-to-module and chip-to-chip electrical specification (CAUI-4). The detailed objectives for the 802.3bm project can be found on the 802.3 website.

595:

The speeds chosen by 802.3ba were 40 and 100 Gbit/s to support both end-point and link aggregation needs respectively. This was the first time two different Ethernet speeds were specified in a single standard. The decision to include both speeds came from pressure to support the 40 Gbit/s

575:

In June 2015, Juniper Networks announced the availability of its CFP-100GBASE-ZR module which is a plug & play solution that brings 80 km 100GbE to MX & PTX based networks. The CFP-100GBASE-ZR module uses DP-QPSK modulation and coherent receiver technology with an optimized DSP and FEC

199:

Nevertheless, at least five firms (Ciena, Alcatel-Lucent, MRV, ADVA Optical and Huawei) made customer announcements for 100 Gbit/s transport systems by August 2011, with varying degrees of capabilities. Although vendors claimed that 100 Gbit/s light paths could use existing analog optical

134:

This project is to specify additions to and appropriate modifications of IEEE Std 802.3 to add 100 Gbit/s Physical Layer (PHY) specifications and management parameters, using a four-lane electrical interface for operation on multimode and single-mode fiber optic cables, and to specify optional

4709:

100GAUI-1 is a 100 Gbit/s 1-lane electrical interface defined in 802.3ck Annex 120F/G with a nominal signaling rate for each lane of 53.125 GBd using PAM4 modulation and RS-FEC(544,514) so suitable for use with 100GBASE-CR1, 100GBASE-KR1, 100GBASE-SR1, 100GBASE-DR, 100GBASE-FR1, 100GBASE-LR1

4683:

100GAUI-4 is a 100 Gbit/s 4-lane electrical interface defined in 802.3cd Annex 135D/E with a nominal signaling rate for each lane of 26.5625 GBd using NRZ modulation and RS-FEC(544,514) so suitable for use with 100GBASE-CR2, 100GBASE-KR2, 100GBASE-SR2, 100GBASE-DR, 100GBASE-FR1, 100GBASE-LR1

477:

100GbE interfaces for the 7450 ESS/7750 SR service routing platform were first announced in June 2009, with field trials with Verizon, T-Systems and Portugal Telecom taking place in June–September 2010. In September 2009, Alcatel-Lucent combined the 100G capabilities of its IP routing and optical

538:

In April 2011, Huawei announced that the NE5000e was updated to carry 2x100GbE interfaces per slot using LPU-200 linecards. In a related solution brief, Huawei reported 120 thousand Solar 1.0 integrated circuits shipped to customers, but no Solar 2.0 numbers were given. Following the August 2011

98:

The purpose of this project is to extend the 802.3 protocol to operating speeds of 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s in order to provide a significant increase in bandwidth while maintaining maximum compatibility with the installed base of 802.3 interfaces, previous investment in research and

534:

In a mid-2010 product brief, the NE5000e linecards were given the commercial name LPUF-100 and credited with using two Solar-2.0 NPUs per 100GbE port in opposite (ingress/egress) configuration. Nevertheless, in October 2010, the company referenced shipments of NE5000e to Russian cell operator

157:

On May 14, 2018, the PAR for the IEEE P802.3ck Task Force was approved. The scope of this project is to specify additions to and appropriate modifications of IEEE Std 802.3 to add Physical Layer specifications and Management Parameters for 100 Gbit/s, 200 Gbit/s, and 400 Gbit/s

857:

In January 2010 another IEEE project authorization started a task force to define a 40 Gbit/s serial single-mode optical fiber standard (40GBASE-FR). This was approved as standard 802.3bg in March 2011. It used 1550 nm optics, had a reach of 2 km and was capable of receiving

196:). This explains why 10 Gbit/s transport systems existed since the mid-1990s, while the first forays into 100 Gbit/s transmission happened about 15 years later – a 10x speed increase over 15 years is far slower than the 2x speed per 1.5 years typically cited for Moore's law. 6408: 111:

The scope of this project is to add a single-mode fiber Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) option for serial 40 Gbit/s operation by specifying additions to, and appropriate modifications of, IEEE Std 802.3-2008 as amended by the IEEE P802.3ba project (and any other approved amendment or

912:

On November 12, 2018, the IEEE P802.3ct Task Force started working to define PHY supporting 100 Gbit/s operation on a single wavelength capable of at least 80 km over a DWDM system (100GBASE-ZR) (using a combination of phase and amplitude modulation with coherent detection).

6433: 584:

The IEEE 802.3 working group is concerned with the maintenance and extension of the Ethernet data communications standard. Additions to the 802.3 standard are performed by task forces which are designated by one or two letters. For example, the 802.3z task force drafted the original

135:

Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) for 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s operation over fiber optic cables. In addition, to add 40 Gbit/s Physical Layer (PHY) specifications and management parameters for operation on extended reach (>10 km) single-mode fiber optic cables.

4507:

CL73 allows communication between the 2 PHYs to exchange technical capability pages, and both PHYs come to a common speed and media type. Completion of CL73 initiates CL72. CL72 allows each of the 4 lanes' transmitters to adjust pre-emphasis via feedback from the link partner.

530:

presented their first 100GbE interface for their NE5000e router. In September 2009, Huawei also demonstrated an end-to-end 100 Gbit/s link. It was mentioned that Huawei's products had the self-developed NPU "Solar 2.0 PFE2A" onboard and was using pluggable optics in CFP.

923:

On February 11, 2021, the IEEE 802.3cu standard was approved. The IEEE 802.3cu standard defines single-wavelength 100 Gbit/s PHYs for operation over SMF (Single-Mode Fiber) with lengths up to at least 2 km (100GBASE-FR1) and 10 km (100GBASE-LR1).

916:

On December 5, 2018, the 802.3cd standard was approved. The 802.3cd standard specifies PHYs using 50 Gbit/s lanes - 100GBASE-KR2 for backplane, 100GBASE-CR2 for twin-ax cable, 100GBASE-SR2 for MMF and using 100 Gbit/s signalling 100GBASE-DR for SMF.

4731:+ form factor is specified for use with the 40 Gigabit Ethernet. Copper direct attached cable (DAC) or optical modules are supported, see Figure 85–20 in the 802.3 spec. QSFP+ modules at 40 Gbit/s can also be used to provide four independent ports of 356:

introduced the ConnectX-4 100GbE single and dual port adapter in November 2014. In the same period, Mellanox introduced availability of 100GbE copper and fiber cables. In June 2015, Mellanox introduced the Spectrum 10, 25, 40, 50 and 100GbE switch models.

5951: 6437: 6412: 512:

announced their 100GbE trials in June 2008. However, it is doubtful that this transmission could approach 100 Gbit/s speeds when using a 40 Gbit/s per slot CRS-1 platform for packet processing. Cisco's first deployment of 100GbE at

171:

In May 2019, the IEEE P802.3cu Task Force started working to define single-wavelength 100 Gbit/s PHYs for operation over SMF (Single-Mode Fiber) with lengths up to at least 2 km (100GBASE-FR1) and 10 km (100GBASE-LR1).

121:

The scope of this project is to specify additions to and appropriate modifications of IEEE Std 802.3 to add 100 Gbit/s 4-lane Physical Layer (PHY) specifications and management parameters for operation on backplanes and

203:

Designing routers or switches which support 100 Gbit/s interfaces is difficult. The need to process a 100 Gbit/s stream of packets at line rate without reordering within IP/MPLS microflows is one reason for this.

106:

The first 40 Gbit/s Ethernet Single-mode Fibre PMD study group meeting was held in January 2010 and on March 25, 2010, the P802.3bg Single-mode Fibre PMD Task Force was approved for the 40 Gbit/s serial SMF PMD.

3429:

One of the earliest coding used, this widens the coding scheme used in single lane 10GE and quad lane 40G to use 10 lanes. Due to the low symbol rate, relatively long ranges can be achieved at the cost of using a lot of

116:

On June 17, 2010, the IEEE 802.3ba standard was approved. In March 2011, the IEEE 802.3bg standard was approved. On September 10, 2011, the P802.3bj 100 Gbit/s Backplane and Copper Cable task force was approved.

2711:

The major selling point of this variant is its ability to run over existing LC multi-mode fiber (allowing easy migration from 10G/25G to 100G). This BiDi variant is compatible with breakout from 400GBASE-4.2 but is

432:

Telesoft Technologies announced the dual 100G PCIe accelerator card, part of the MPAC-IP series. Telesoft also announced the STR 400G (Segmented Traffic Router) and the 100G MCE (Media Converter and Extension).

481:

In June 2011, Alcatel-Lucent introduced a packet processing architecture known as FP3, advertised for 400 Gbit/s rates. Alcatel-Lucent announced the XRS 7950 core router (based on the FP3) in May 2012.

143:

Specify a Physical Layer (PHY) for operation at 40 Gbit/s on balanced twisted-pair copper cabling, using existing Media Access Control, and with extensions to the appropriate physical layer management

5955: 7951: 6712: 4523:

copper cabling up to 30 m defined in IEEE 802.3bq. IEEE 802.3bq-2016 standard was approved by The IEEE-SA Standards Board on June 30, 2016. It uses 16-level PAM signaling over four lanes at 3,200

5896: 474:

held the first field trial of 100 Gbit/s optical transmission. Completed over a live, in-service 504 kilometre portion of the Verizon network, it connected the Florida cities of Tampa and Miami.

405:

switches support 40 Gbit/s interfaces. These 40 Gbit/s fiber-optical interfaces using QSFP+ transceivers can be found on the Z9000 distributed core switches, S4810 and S4820 as well as the

192:

Optical signal transmission over a nonlinear medium is principally an analog design problem. As such, it has evolved slower than digital circuit lithography (which generally progressed in step with

6290: 99:

development, and principles of network operation and management. The project is to provide for the interconnection of equipment satisfying the distance requirements of the intended applications.

6737: 920:

In June 2020, the IEEE P802.3db Task Force started working to define a physical layer specification that supports 100 Gbit/s operation over 1 pair of MMF with lengths up to at least 50 m.

175:

In June 2020, the IEEE P802.3db Task Force started working to define a physical layer specification that supports 100 Gbit/s operation over 1 pair of MMF with lengths up to at least 50 m.

888:

On June 12, 2014, the 802.3bj standard was approved. The 802.3bj standard specifies 100 Gbit/s 4x25G PHYs - 100GBASE-KR4, 100GBASE-KP4 and 100GBASE-CR4 - for backplane and twin-ax cable.

899:

Define a single-lane 100 Gbit/s Attachment Unit interface (AUI) for chip-to-module applications, compatible with PMDs based on 100 Gbit/s per lane optical signaling (100GAUI-1 C2M)

5505: 615:(PHY) specifications. A networking device may support different PHY types by means of pluggable modules. Optical modules are not standardized by any official standards body but are in 379:

introduced the 7500E switch (with up to 96 100GbE ports) in April 2013. In July 2014, Arista introduced the 7280E switch (the world's first top-of-rack switch with 100G uplink ports).

88:

On July 18, 2006, a call for interest for a High Speed Study Group (HSSG) to investigate new standards for high speed Ethernet was held at the IEEE 802.3 plenary meeting in San Diego.

3470:

with 4 distinct analog levels, making each symbol carry 2 bits. To keep up error margins, the FEC overhead is doubled from 2.7% to 5.8%, which explains the slight rise in symbol rate.

592:

802.3ba is the designation given to the higher speed Ethernet task force which completed its work to modify the 802.3 standard to support speeds higher than 10 Gbit/s in 2010.

94:

On December 5, 2007, the Project Authorization Request (PAR) for the P802.3ba 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s Ethernet Task Force was approved with the following project scope:

7919: 164:

On November 12, 2018, the IEEE P802.3ct Task Force started working to define PHY supporting 100 Gbit/s operation on a single wavelength capable of at least 80 km over a

5391: 885:, Kotura, Facebook and Effdon when the 2 km specification was announced in March 2011. The 10X10 MSA modules were intended to be the same size as the CFP specifications. 265:

implementations were not compatible with the numerous 40 and 100 Gbit/s line rate transport systems because they had different optical layer and modulation formats as the

6888: 103:

The 802.3ba task force met for the first time in January 2008. This standard was approved at the June 2010 IEEE Standards Board meeting under the name IEEE Std 802.3ba-2010.

368:

introduced the C-GEP FPGA-based switching platform in February 2013. Aitia also produce 100G/40G Ethernet PCS/PMA+MAC IP cores for FPGA developers and academic researchers.

292:

developed Physical Coding Sublayer Lanes and demonstrated a working 100GbE link through a test setup at NXTcomm in June 2008. Ixia announced test equipment in November 2008.

6312: 5809: 91:

The first 802.3 HSSG study group meeting was held in September 2006. In June 2007, a trade group called "Road to 100G" was formed after the NXTcomm trade show in Chicago.

6913: 4671:

CAUI-4 is a 100 Gbit/s 4-lane electrical interface defined in 802.3bm Annex 83E with a nominal signaling rate for each lane of 25.78125 GBd using NRZ modulation.

6068: 6050: 596:

rate for local server applications and the 100 Gbit/s rate for internet backbones. The standard was announced in July 2007 and was ratified on June 17, 2010.

7684: 6642: 6362: 7947: 6716: 445:

in the late 1990s, customer interest in 100 Gbit/s technologies was mostly driven by economic factors. The common reasons to adopt the higher speeds were:

8211: 7226: 3441:

A sped-up variant of the above, this directly corresponds to 10GE/40GE signalling at 2.5× speed. The higher symbol rate makes links more susceptible to errors.

200:

infrastructure, deployment of high-speed technology was tightly controlled and extensive interoperability tests were required before moving them into service.

493:

introduced their first 100GbE products (based on the former Foundry Networks MLXe hardware) in September 2010. In June 2011, the new product went live at the

5840: 3494:

constellation. Additionally, new soft decision FEC algorithms take additional information on analog signal levels as input to the error correction procedure.

905:

Define a single-lane 100 Gbit/s PHY for operation over electrical backplanes supporting an insertion loss ≤ 28 dB at 26.56 GHz (100GBASE-KR1).

365: 277:

in 1310 nm wavelength region with four 25 Gbit/s or ten 10 Gbit/s channels, or parallel optics with four or ten optical fibers per direction.

5904: 5423: 6214: 2750: 2446: 1409: 7782: 6282: 6086: 6576: 328: 126:

copper cables, and specify optional Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) for 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s operation over backplanes and copper cables.

6741: 7663: 5304: 4984: 344:

VeEX introduced its CFP-based UX400-100GE and 40GE test and measurement platform in 2012, followed by CFP2, CFP4, QSFP28 and QSFP+ versions in 2015.

253:(CFP) agreement at the European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication in 2009. The first lasers for 100 GBE were demonstrated in 2008. 6000: 7321: 6188: 4087:

The major selling point of this variant is its ability to run over existing 10G multi-mode fiber (i.e. allowing easy migration from 10G to 40G).

7880: 3502:

A half-speed variant of 26.5625 Gbaud with RS-FEC, with a 31320/31280 step encoding the lane number into the signal, and further 92/90 framing.

1756:

The major selling point of this variant is its ability to run over existing LC multi-mode fiber (allowing easy migration from 10G/25G to 100G).

5871: 5392:"NetLogic Microsystems Announces Industry's First Dual-Mode Quad-Port 10GBASE-KR and 40GBASE-KR4 Backplane PHY with Energy Efficient Ethernet" 7708: 6157: 5401: 5479: 7735: 6962: 7082: 5779: 565:

3D) routers. Juniper, in March 2011, announced first shipments of 100GbE interfaces to a major North American service provider (Verizon).

6995: 6892: 5509: 7912: 7957: 7051: 6690: 6554: 5566: 7881:"Multi-Vendor Interoperability Testing of CFP2, CPAK and QSFP28 with CEI-28G-VSR and CEI-25G-LR Interface During ECOC 2013 Exhibition" 6472: 5977:"VeEX introduces industry's smallest multiservice, multitasking analyzer for 40/100G networks. | VeEX Inc. | The Verification EXperts" 5480:"Finisar Corporation – Finisar First to Demonstrate 40 Gigabit Ethernet LR4 CFP Transceiver Over 10 km of Optical Fiber at ECOC" 6337: 3490:

developments, DP-DQPSK (dual polarization differential quadrature phase shift keying) employs polarization to carry one axis of the

908:

Define a single-lane 100 Gbit/s PHY for operation over twin-axial copper cables with lengths up to at least 2 m (100GBASE-CR1).

273:

to pack four 10 Gbit/s signals into one optical medium were not compatible with the IEEE 802.3ba standard, which used either

6948: 6860: 6807: 6316: 5228: 424:

introduced 40 Gbit/s Ethernet network adapters (based on the fifth generation of its Terminator architecture) in June 2013.

7803: 8405: 6601: 5719: 619:(MSAs). One agreement that supports 40 and 100 Gigabit Ethernet is the CFP MSA which was adopted for distances of 100+ meters. 270: 6025: 3478:

Further pushing silicon limits, this is a double rate variant of the previous, giving full 100GE operation over 1 medium lane.

7300: 6387: 7507: 6524: 5817: 6762: 5749: 5449: 7948:

Overview of Requirements and Applications for 40 Gigabit Ethernet and 100 Gigabit Ethernet Technology Overview White Paper

6976: 6874: 554:

routers in June 2009. The 1x100GbE option followed in Nov 2010, when a joint press release with academic backbone network

8400: 7528: 6835: 7043: 5848: 5620: 8032: 7866: 6646: 6366: 154:

On May 12, 2016, the IEEE P802.3cd Task Force started working to define next generation two-lane 100 Gbit/s PHY.

7977: 7430:"IEEE Communications Magazine December 2013, Vol. 51, No. 12 - Next Generation Backplane and Copper Cable Challenges" 3454: 2754: 2450: 1413: 65:

standard and later by the 802.3bg-2011, 802.3bj-2014, 802.3bm-2015, and 802.3cd-2018 standards. The first succeeding

7237: 7586: 7352: 4810: 4331:

as primarily designed for single mode (-LR4), this mode of operation is out of specification for some transceivers.

4076: 72:

The standards define numerous port types with different optical and electrical interfaces and different numbers of

4802:. 40GBASE-SR4 and 100GBASE-SR4 use MPO-12 while 100GBASE-SR10 uses MPO-24 with one optical lane per fiber strand. 902:

Define a single-lane 100 Gbit/s Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) for chip-to-chip applications (100GAUI-1 C2C)

576:

implementation. The low-power module can be directly retrofitted into existing CFP sockets on MX and PTX routers.

8251: 6821: 6051:"Mellanox Enables End-to-End 100Gb/s Interconnect Solution with Introduction of ConnectX-4 Adapter | NVIDIA" 5427: 322: 6580: 6218: 5780:"EXFO and Opnext Achieve Full Interoperability, Successfully Testing IEEE-Compliant 100 Gigabit Ethernet Optics" 5592: 490: 5897:"Industry's First 100G Impairment Emulator Helps Reduce the Effect of Latency in High Speed Ethernet Networks" 6499: 5642: 5531: 539:

trial in Russia, Huawei reported paying 100 Gbit/s DWDM customers, but no 100GbE shipments on NE5000e.

299:

converters for 100 Gbit/s testing of the 10 km and 40 km Ethernet standards in February 2009.

7839:"Approval of IEEE Std 802.3by-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bq-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bp-2016 and IEEE Std 802.3br-2016" 6619: 246: 7553: 5668: 4929: 8468: 8395: 8345: 8340: 6240: 6069:"Mellanox Announces Availability of 100Gb/s Direct Attach Copper and Active Optical Cables | NVIDIA" 5296: 4988: 3466:

This achieves a further doubling in bandwidth per lane (used to halve the number of lanes) by employing

441:

Unlike the "race to 10 Gbit/s" that was driven by the imminent need to address growth pains of the

8390: 8188: 8178: 7429: 5872:"Calnex Solutions Limited | Calnex Solutions Launches Industry-first 100GbE Tester for Synchronisation" 4853: 4537: 3467: 2762: 2458: 1524: 461:

to skip the relatively expensive 40 Gbit/s technology and move directly from 10 to 100 Gbit/s

7978:"100G Ethernet cheat sheet: A collection of articles, slideshows, multimedia content on 100G Ethernet" 7887: 7170: 6409:"Verizon Successfully Completes Industry's First Field Trial of 100 Gbps Optical Network Transmission" 130:

On May 10, 2013, the P802.3bm 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s Fiber Optic Task Force was approved.

8441: 8380: 8302: 8010: 7017: 6668: 5787: 4848: 3911: 3487: 862: 807: 665: 652: 4751:

CFP2 modules use the 10-lane CAUI-10 electrical interface or the 4-lane CAUI-4 electrical interface.

7761: 7615: 2758: 2454: 1417: 762: 673: 6283:"Chelsio Delivers 40Gb Ethernet Adapter (40GbE), Sets new performance bar for high speed Ethernet" 6165: 5083: 5032: 8364: 8111: 8075: 7381: 7153: 5483: 5259: 4833: 4799: 3445:

is applicable even for CWDM4, if a CWDM demultiplexer and CWDM 25G optics are used appropriately.

612: 410: 250: 208: 7639: 5276: 3683: 1104: 8246: 8025: 8005: 7075: 6363:"100G MCE (Media Converter & Extension) - Custom Telecom Solutions - Telesoft Technologies" 6087:"Mellanox Introduces the World's First 25/100 Gigabit Open Ethernet-based Switch | NVIDIA" 4772:

or Small Form-factor Pluggable – Double Density modules use the 100GAUI-2 electrical interface.

1330: 870: 616: 421: 338: 312: 7262: 6861:"Juniper networks introduces breakthrough 100 gigabit Ethernet interface for t series routers" 3491: 877:

and Santur. Other member companies of the 10x10 MSA included MRV, Enablence, Cyoptics, AFOP,

309:) introduced test and measurement products for 40 and 100 Gbit/s Ethernet in August 2009. 8126: 7405: 7108: 5976: 4838: 3790: 3433:

This also allows breakout to 10×10GE, provided that the hardware supports splitting the port.

658: 353: 249:, and OpNext all demonstrated singlemode 40 or 100 Gbit/s Ethernet modules based on the 219: 6927: 6562: 5570: 449:

to reduce the number of optical wavelengths ("lambdas") used and the need to light new fiber

8322: 8297: 6261: 4985:"IEEE Forms Higher Speed Study Group to Explore the Next Generation of Ethernet Technology" 2367: 453: 390:

introduced a four-port 100GbE module for the BlackDiamond X8 core switch in November 2012.

332: 17: 7200: 5727: 5189: 4491:

use of 1550 nm implies compatibility with existing test equipment and infrastructure.

3499:

13.59375 Gbaud with PAM4, KP4 specific coding and RS-FEC(544,514) on 4 lanes per direction

561:

In the same year, Juniper demonstrated 100GbE operation between core (T-series) and edge (

406: 184:

On September 21, 2022, the IEEE-SA Board approved the IEEE 802.3ck and 802.3db standards.

8: 8317: 8307: 8287: 8282: 8266: 8173: 8085: 8080: 6341: 5552: 5532:"Hitachi and Opnext unveil receiver for 100GbE and demo 10 km transmission over SMF" 5377: 4732: 3724: 2742: 2438: 1401: 1145: 861:

In December 2010, a 10x10 multi-source agreement (10x10 MSA) began to define an optical

58: 54: 5695:"Discovery Semiconductors – 100 Gb Ethernet (4 x 25 Gb/s) Quad PIN-TIA Optical Receiver" 3453:

To address the higher susceptibility to errors at these symbol rates, an application of

478:

transport portfolio in an integrated solution called Converged Backbone Transformation.

168:

system (using a combination of phase and amplitude modulation with coherent detection).

8183: 8045: 7838: 6889:"Juniper Demonstrates Industry's First Live 100G Traffic From the Network Core to Edge" 5694: 5363: 3736: 1421: 1157: 7995: 7480: 7137:

Ilango Ganga; Brad Booth; Howard Frazier; Shimon Muller; Gary Nicholl (May 13, 2008).

5235: 207:

As of 2011, most components in the 100 Gbit/s packet processing path (PHY chips,

8463: 8429: 8157: 8018: 7296: 7138: 6980: 6105: 4843: 4823: 3635: 3621: 1056: 1042: 562: 535:"Megafon" as "40 GBPS/slot" solution, with "scalability up to" 100 Gbit/s. 7201:"Leading Industry Peers Join Forces to Develop Low-Cost 100G Multi-Source Agreement" 5457: 8292: 8095: 8070: 8060: 6458: 5327: 5114: 4858: 4632: 586: 551: 547: 387: 341:

introduced the Attero-100G for 100GbE and 40GbE impairment emulation in April 2015.

66: 46: 5364:"[802.3_100GEL] FW: IEEE STD 802.3ck-2022, IEEE STD 802.3cs-2022, IEEE St" 57:(Gbit/s), respectively. These technologies offer significantly higher speeds than 8359: 8116: 7136: 5757: 4786: 3607: 3593: 3579: 3562: 3545: 3528: 1200: 1028: 1014: 1000: 983: 966: 949: 624: 376: 306: 296: 77: 8001:

IEEE P802.3ba 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s Ethernet Task Force public area

8000: 6769: 8354: 8312: 8131: 6793: 5057: 645: 471: 289: 193: 50: 6839: 5610: 8457: 8065: 5396: 5346:"IEEE P802.3db 100 Gb/s, 200 Gb/s, and 400 Gb/s Short Reach Fiber Task Force" 4659:

CAUI-10 is a 100 Gbit/s 10-lane electrical interface defined in 802.3ba.

3705: 3450:

25.78125 Gbaud with NRZ ("PAM2") and RS-FEC(528,514) on 4 lanes per direction

1758:

Not to be confused with (and not compatible with) 100GBASE-SR1.2 (see below).

1126: 505: 73: 7958:

40 Gigabit Ethernet and 100 Gigabit Ethernet Technology Overview White Paper

7139:"IEEE P802.3ba 40Gbit/s and 100Gbit/s Ethernet Task Force, May 2008 Meeting" 6914:"Verizon First Service Provider to Announce 100G Deployment on U.S. Network" 5611:"Avago Technologies, Infinera & Ixia to demo the first 100 Gig Ethernet" 568:

In April 2011, Juniper deployed a 100GbE system on the UK education network

178:

On February 11, 2021, the IEEE-SA Board approved the IEEE 802.3cu standard.

6131: 5172: 5058:"Project Authorization Request Approval notification: Approcal of P802.3ba" 4806: 4780:'s CPAK optical module uses the four lane CEI-28G-VSR electrical interface. 895:

On May 14, 2018, the 802.3ck project was approved. This has objectives to:

599: 458:

to provide cheaper wholesale, internet peering and data center connectivity

302: 269:

show. In particular, existing 40 Gbit/s transport solutions that used

262: 161:

On December 5, 2018, the IEEE-SA Board approved the IEEE 802.3cd standard.

7227:"10X10 MSA Ratifies Specification for Low Cost 100 Gb/s 2 Kilometer Links" 5925: 5345: 5328:"[802.3_100G-OPTX] P802.3cu Standard has been approved !! 🎉" 4789:

and HD module standards. CXP modules use the CAUI-10 electrical interface.

558:

marked the first production 100GbE interfaces going live in real network.

8332: 8136: 6001:"VeEX enhances UX400 Platform with next-gen CFP2 and CFP4 test modules |" 5100: 4571: 3866: 631: 6808:"Huawei Unveils the World's First 200G High-Speed Line Card for Routers" 5720:"JDSU Introduces Industry's Most Robust 100 Gigabit Ethernet Test Suite" 5400:(Press release). NetLogic Microsystems. October 13, 2010. Archived from 5033:"Group pushes 100 Gigabit Ethernet: The 'Road to 100G' Alliance is born" 181:

On June 16, 2021, the IEEE-SA Board approved the IEEE 802.3ct standard.

8385: 8152: 6532: 4828: 4082: 747: 274: 62: 8040: 6669:"Cisco unveils network of the future that can learn, adapt and evolve" 611:

The 40/100 Gigabit Ethernet standards encompass a number of different

139:

Also on May 10, 2013, the P802.3bq 40GBASE-T Task Force was approved.

8261: 8256: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8121: 4566: 4528: 3728: 2746: 2442: 1405: 1149: 701: 677: 555: 123: 7996:

IEEE P802.3ba 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s Ethernet Task Force

7783:"Cisco 40-Gigabit Ethernet Transceiver Modules Compatibility Matrix" 7685:"Cisco 100Gbps QSFP100 SR1.2 BiDi Pluggable Transceiver At-a-Glance" 5190:"[802.3_100GNGOPTX] FW: P802.3bm-2015 Approval Notification" 3694: 3463:

26.5625 Gbaud with PAM4 and RS-FEC(544,514) on 2 lanes per direction

3438:

25.78125 Gbaud with NRZ ("PAM2") and 64b66b on 4 lanes per direction

3426:

10.3125 Gbaud with NRZ ("PAM2") and 64b66b on 10 lanes per direction

1115: 8193: 8041: 5816:. Technical University of Denmark. February 2, 2011. Archived from 442: 234:

and Reflex Photonics announced modules based on the CFP agreement.

231: 7971: 7762:"QPSK vs DP-QPSK - difference between QPSK and DP-QPSK modulation" 7729: 7727: 7725: 7116:

IEEE P802.3ba 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s Ethernet Task Force public record

3475:

53.125 Gbaud with PAM4 and RS-FEC(544,514) on 1 lane per direction

8241: 8236: 8216: 6713:"Huawei Successfully Develops 100 Gigabit Ethernet WDM Prototype" 6313:"MPAC-IP 7200 - Custom Telecom Solutions - Telesoft Technologies" 5615: 5147:"IEEE P802.3bg 40Gb/s Ethernet: Single-mode Fibre PMD Task Force" 5009: 4798:

Short reach interfaces use Multiple-Fiber Push-On/Pull-off (MPO)

3732: 1153: 648:(BER) better than or equal to 10 at the MAC/PLS service interface 641:

Preserve minimum and maximum frame size of current 802.3 standard

514: 509: 402: 242: 7736:"100G-LR1-20, 100G-ER1-30, 100G-ER1-40 Technical Specifications" 5750:"40/100 GbE: Testing the next generation of high speed Ethernet" 5214:"IEEE 802.3 50 Gb/s, 100 Gb/s, and 200 Gb/s Ethernet Task Force" 3616:

3500 MHz·km @ 850 nm + 1850 MHz·km @ 950 nm

1037:

3500 MHz·km @ 850 nm + 1850 MHz·km @ 950 nm

638:

Preserve the 802.3 Ethernet frame format utilizing the 802.3 MAC

80:

are supported while standards for fiber reach up to 80 km.

8350: 7824: 7722: 7171:"10 x 10 MSA – Low Cost 100 GB/s Pluggable Optical Transceiver" 6836:"Оборудование Huawei 100G успешно прошло тестирование в России" 5952:"Frost & Sullivan Recognizes VeEX's Technology Development" 5213: 5146: 4957: 4921: 4888: 4769: 3846: 3799:

involves CL73 for auto-negotiation, and CL72 for link training.

3483:

30.14475 Gbaud with DP-DQPSK and SD-FEC on 1 lane per direction

882: 878: 866: 728: 664:

Provide physical layer specifications (PHY) for operation over

527: 494: 6434:"Verizon completes industry-leading 100G Ethernet field trial" 6189:"Arista Leading 100GbE Charge With 7280E Switch Series Launch" 5063:. IEEE Standards Association Standards Board. December 5, 2007 4483:

capability to receive 1310 nm light besides 1550 nm;

3875:

involves CL73 for auto-negotiation and CL72 for link training.

151:

On February 16, 2015, the IEEE 802.3bm standard was approved.

6643:"Cisco Live! Showing Off 100GbE on CRS-3 and ASR 9000 Series" 6338:"STR 400G - Custom Telecom Solutions - Telesoft Technologies" 4777: 4520: 4485:

allows inter-operation with a longer reach 1310 nm PHY (

2421:

Line code: 64b/66b × NRZ or 256b/257b × RS-FEC(528,514) × NRZ

2346:

Line code: 64b/66b × NRZ or 256b/257b × RS-FEC(528,514) × NRZ

2055:

Line code: 64b/66b × NRZ or 256b/257b × RS-FEC(528,514) × NRZ

669: 569: 684:

The following nomenclature is used for the physical layers:

413:

series switches also offer 40 Gbit/s QSFP+ interfaces.

8410: 6963:"Juniper networks - Life Begins at 40(km) - 100G ZR Optics" 6525:"100 Gigabit Ethernet (100GE): Services unleashed at speed" 4761: 4728: 874: 620: 604: 398: 315:

introduced test and measurement products in September 2009.

165: 7852: 7645:. Open Compute Project - Mellanox Technologies. 2015-03-08 7322:"Evolution of Ethernet Speeds: What's New and What's Next" 7178: 7009: 6949:"iiNet Pioneers 100GbE with new Juniper Networks Backbone" 6738:"Huawei Launches World' s First End-to-End 100G Solutions" 6473:"Alcatel-Lucent's FP3 network processor routes at 400Gbps" 5101:"IEEE P802.3ba 40Gbit/s and 100Gbit/s Ethernet Task Force" 4519:

40GBASE-T is a port type for 4-pair balanced twisted-pair

2709:

Duplex fiber with both being used to transmit and receive;

2424:

Derived from 100GBASE-CWDM4 to allow cheaper transceivers;

1754:

Duplex fiber with both being used to transmit and receive;

452:

to utilize bandwidth more efficiently than 10 Gbit/s

158:

electrical interfaces based on 100 Gbit/s signaling.

148:

On June 12, 2014, the IEEE 802.3bj standard was approved.

7587:"100G 4WDM-20 & 4WDM-40 MSA Technical Specifications" 4746:

CFP modules use the 10-lane CAUI-10 electrical interface.

4646: 4524: 3740: 3413:

Reduced bandwidth and line rate for ultra long distances.

2766: 2462: 1475:

total insertion loss of up to 35 dB at 12.9 GHz

1425: 1161: 6577:"3 new services are launched by AMS-IX at MORE IP event" 4756:

CFP4 modules use the 4-lane CAUI-4 electrical interface.

7554:"100G 4WDM-10 MSA Technical Specifications Release 1.0" 7456: 5234:. Ethernet Working Group (C/LM/WG802.3). Archived from 76:

strands per port. Short distances (e.g. 7 m) over

6996:"New Ethernet standard: not 40Gbps, not 100, but both" 5450:"InterBOARD CFP 100GBASE-SR10 Parallel Optical Module" 5131:

The IEEE 802.3ba standard, ratified June 17, 2010, ...

5084:"Standardization work on next Ethernet gets under way" 4889:"IEEE P802.3ba 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s Ethernet Task Force" 4081:

duplex fiber each used to transmit and receive on two

1535:

total insertion loss of up to 33 dB at 7 GHz

7677: 6794:"Russia's MegaFon Awards Backbone Contract to Huawei" 6500:"How Alcatel-Lucent made the Internet 5 times faster" 7508:"What's the Difference Between 100G CLR4 and CWDM4?" 7316: 7314: 7312: 6026:"VeEX unveils 600G testing for its UX400 platform |" 5841:"Dansk virksomhed klar med test til 100 Gb ethernet" 2813:

total insertion loss ≤ 28 dB at 26.56 GHz.

2349:

Interoperable with 100GBASE-CWDM4 when using RS-FEC;

436: 7703: 7701: 7580: 7578: 7376: 7374: 7372: 7290: 7044:"IEEE P802.3ba 40 GbE and 100 GbE Standards Update" 6875:"Internet2 racing ahead with 100G Ethernet network" 1528:× 92/90 framing and 31320/31280 lane identification 318:

EXFO demonstrated interoperability in January 2010.

7804:"A Quick Overview of 40GbE & 40GbE Components" 7502: 7500: 5838: 2765:- Line rate: 1x 53.1250 GBd x2 = 106.25 2461:- Line rate: 2x 26.5625 GBd x2 = 106.25 7904: 7775: 7309: 6691:"Your Catalyst for the Past, Present, and Future" 5810:"Workshop on 100 Gigabit Ethernet a huge success" 5305:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 1532:Line rate: 4x 13.59375 GBd = 54.375 GBd 1424:- Line rate: 4x 25.78125 GBd = 103.125 1160:- Line rate: 10x 10.3125 GBd = 103.125 321:Xena Networks demonstrated test equipment at the 8455: 7698: 7575: 7510:. fiber-optic-transceiver-module.com. 2017-02-12 7398: 7369: 7347: 7345: 7343: 7341: 6158:"Arista heading off Cisco/Insieme at 100G SDNs?" 4922:"100 Gb/s Backplane and Copper Cable Task Force" 4420:through splitter cable (MPO/MTP to 4x LC-pairs). 3993:through splitter cable (MPO/MTP to 4x LC-pairs). 3946:through splitter cable (MPO/MTP to 4x LC-pairs). 1241:CXP connector uses center 10 out of 12 channels. 335:synchronisation test equipment in November 2014. 7796: 7497: 7422: 7286: 7284: 7282: 7073: 5726:. JDS Uniphase. August 19, 2009. Archived from 5643:"Ixia First to Offer 100 GE Testing Capability" 4764:28 modules use the CAUI-4 electrical interface. 7709:"100G-FR and 100G-LR Technical Specifications" 7656: 7632: 7177:. 10x10 multi-source agreement. Archived from 6215:"Extreme joins Cisco, Brocade, Huawei at 100G" 5593:"Network Visibility and Network Test Products" 5506:"Sumitomo Electric develops 40GbE transceiver" 5095: 5093: 3739:- Line rate: 4x 10.3125 GBd = 41.25 676:(MMF) OM3 and OM4, copper cable assembly, and 8026: 7831: 7664:"Cisco 100GBASE QSFP-100G Modules Data Sheet" 7545: 7382:"Multi-Port Implementations of 50/100/200GbE" 7338: 6969: 6497: 4958:"40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s Fiber Optic Task Force" 4714: 4418:possible breakout / lane separation to 4x 10G 3991:possible breakout / lane separation to 4x 10G 3944:possible breakout / lane separation to 4x 10G 3871:possible breakout / lane separation to 4x 10G 3795:possible breakout / lane separation to 4x 10G 2706:Line rate: 2x (2x 26.5625 GBd with PAM4) 1751:Line rate: 2x (2x 26.5625 GBd with PAM4) 627:connector modules support shorter distances. 222:announced backplane modules in October 2010. 7451: 7449: 7279: 7106: 7041: 6262:"Technical details PowerConnect 8100 series" 6186: 427: 7353:"Exploring The IEEE 802 Ethernet Ecosystem" 5107: 5090: 5030: 8033: 8019: 7521: 7236:. 10x10 MSA. March 4, 2011. Archived from 7154:"Rationale for dual-band Rx in 40GBASE-FR" 7037: 7035: 6395:Juniper Networks Presentation at ECOC 2009 6217:. Network World. p. 1. Archived from 3873:through splitter cable (QSFP+ to 4x SFP+); 3797:through splitter cable (QSFP+ to 4x SFP+); 2716:compatible with 100G-SR2-BiDi (see above). 61:. The technology was first defined by the 7913:"4X25G Optical Modules and Future Optics" 7608: 7529:"100G CWDM4 MSA Technical Specifications" 7473: 7446: 7435:. IEEE Communications Society. 2013-12-01 6617: 6155: 6129: 6103: 5291: 5289: 3458:CWDM4) are defined "with or without FEC." 266: 7867:"Cisco CPAK 100GBASE Modules Data Sheet" 7806:. Blog of Fiber Transceivers. 2016-01-13 7754: 6241:"Dell Force10 S-series model comparison" 5756:. Spirent Communications. Archived from 5669:"40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s Testing: Overview" 5567:"Quellan QLx411GRx 40G Evaluation Board" 5308:. IEEE P802.3db Task Force. May 21, 2020 4809:with all optical lanes multiplexed with 598: 407:blade-switches MXL and the IO-Aggregator 348: 83: 7910: 7616:"100G CLR4 QSFP28 Optical Transceivers" 7052:North American Network Operators' Group 7032: 5839:Torben R. Simonsen (January 26, 2011). 927: 881:, Hitachi Cable America, AMS-IX, EXFO, 286:Quellan announced a test board in 2009. 280: 14: 8456: 6993: 6459:"A game-changing approach to the core" 5456:. Reflex Photonics Inc. Archived from 5286: 5081: 4647:Chip-to-chip/chip-to-module interfaces 3506: 271:dense wavelength-division multiplexing 69:specifications were approved in 2017. 8014: 7163: 6620:"AT&T, Comcast Go Live With 100G" 6555:"Brocade set to unveil 100G Ethernet" 6212: 6132:"FPGA IP core for 100G/40G ethernet?" 5226: 5141: 5139: 5010:"IEEE 802.3 Higher Speed Study Group" 4793: 4501:Additional note for 40GBASE-CR4/-KR4: 634:operation. Other objectives include: 497:traffic exchange point in Amsterdam. 8436: 7825:"IEEE P802.3bq 40GBASE-T Task Force" 7584: 7151: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4883: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4540:physical transport layers (TP-PHYs) 661:data rates of 40 and 100 Gbit/s 295:Discovery Semiconductors introduced 237: 27:Technologies for computer networking 7817: 6671:. newsroom.cisco.com. June 20, 2017 6640: 6618:Matsumoto, Craig (April 11, 2011). 6106:"Aitia C-GEP development platform?" 5269: 5252: 5206: 3644:0.4 dB/km @ 1300/1550 nm 3630:1.0 dB/km @ 1300/1550 nm 2737:100 Gigabit Ethernet (100 GbE) 2433:100 Gigabit Ethernet (100 GbE) 1396:100 Gigabit Ethernet (100 GbE) 1140:100 Gigabit Ethernet (100 GbE) 1065:0.4 dB/km @ 1300/1550 nm 1051:1.0 dB/km @ 1300/1550 nm 382: 24: 8096:200, 400, 800 and 1600 Gbit/s 8006:Higher Speed Study Group documents 7940: 7733: 5786:. January 11, 2010. Archived from 5378:"Huawei's 100G is out of the door" 5277:"IEEE P802.3cu Project Objectives" 5260:"IEEE P802.3ct Project Objectives" 5136: 5050: 225: 25: 8480: 7965: 7551: 7042:Greg Hankins (October 20, 2009). 6693:. blogs.cisco.com. April 29, 2019 6645:. blogs.cisco.com. Archived from 4943: 4907: 4872: 4805:Long reach interfaces use duplex 3719:40 Gigabit Ethernet (40 GbE) 3420: 2739:(4th Generation: 100GbE-based) - 465: 437:Commercial trials and deployments 187: 8435: 8424: 8423: 7873: 7859: 7845: 7295:(2nd ed.). O'Reilly Media. 7255: 7219: 7193: 6213:Duffy, Jim (November 13, 2012). 5115:"IEEE 802.3ba standard released" 3773: 3770: 2857: 2797: 2794: 2552: 2493: 2490: 2435:(3rd Generation: 50GbE-based) - 1583: 1503: 1500: 1456: 1453: 1398:(2nd Generation: 25GbE-based) - 1142:(1st Generation: 10GbE-based) - 843: 786: 755: 705: 651:Provide appropriate support for 256: 7954:2009-08-01) – Ethernet Alliance 7925:from the original on 2014-02-11 7764:. RF Wireless World. 2018-07-15 7145: 7130: 7100: 7088:from the original on 2009-08-24 7067: 7020:from the original on 2009-04-04 7002: 6987: 6955: 6941: 6920: 6906: 6881: 6867: 6853: 6828: 6814: 6800: 6786: 6755: 6730: 6705: 6683: 6661: 6634: 6611: 6602:"Cisco NGN Transport Solutions" 6594: 6569: 6547: 6517: 6491: 6465: 6451: 6426: 6401: 6380: 6355: 6330: 6305: 6293:from the original on 2013-07-18 6275: 6254: 6233: 6206: 6180: 6149: 6123: 6097: 6079: 6061: 6043: 6018: 5993: 5969: 5944: 5918: 5889: 5864: 5832: 5802: 5772: 5742: 5712: 5687: 5661: 5635: 5623:from the original on 2014-06-30 5603: 5585: 5559: 5545: 5524: 5498: 5472: 5442: 5416: 5384: 5370: 5356: 5338: 5320: 5220: 5182: 5165: 4932:from the original on 2013-02-28 3602:3500 MHz·km @ 850 nm 3588:1500 MHz·km @ 850 nm 1023:3500 MHz·km @ 850 nm 1009:1500 MHz·km @ 850 nm 323:Technical University of Denmark 7640:"Open Optics MSA Design Guide" 7293:Ethernet: The Definitive Guide 6641:Liu, Stephen (July 25, 2011). 6498:David Goldman (May 21, 2012). 6187:Kristin Bent (July 16, 2014). 5553:"SSD Form Factors | SNIA" 5075: 5024: 5002: 4977: 4968: 4620:PAM-16 RS-FEC (192, 186) LDPC 3574:500 MHz·km @ 850 nm 3557:200 MHz·km @ 850 nm 3540:160 MHz·km @ 850 nm 995:500 MHz·km @ 850 nm 978:200 MHz·km @ 850 nm 961:160 MHz·km @ 850 nm 491:Brocade Communications Systems 49:technologies for transmitting 13: 1: 7534:. CWDM4 MSA Group. 2015-11-24 7406:"10x10G 10km CFP Transceiver" 7107:Ilango Ganga (May 13, 2009). 6994:Reimer, Jeremy (2007-07-24). 5903:. 15 Apr 2015. Archived from 5031:Jeff Caruso (June 21, 2007). 4865: 4741:100G Transceiver Form Factors 3455:Reed–Solomon error correction 1523:Line code: RS-FEC(544,514) × 603:A 40G-SR4 transceiver in the 7486:. PSM4 MSA Group. 2014-09-15 7327:. Alcatel-Lucent. 2015-06-03 7291:Charles E. Spurgeon (2014). 7010:"CFP Multi-Source Agreement" 5151:official task force web site 4987:. 2006-07-25. Archived from 4722:40G Transceiver Form Factors 4639: 4631: 3512:Legend for fibre-based PHYs 3406:Line code: DP-DQPSK × SC-FEC 933:Legend for fibre-based PHYs 784:500 m over SMF, serial 630:The standard supports only 579: 267:IEEE 802.3ba interface types 247:Sumitomo Electric Industries 214: 7: 5082:Caruso, Jeff (2008-01-15). 4816: 4636: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4610: 4607: 4538:twisted-pair-based Ethernet 3410:Line rate: 27.9525 GBd 1354:1587 nm , 1595 nm 1352:1571 nm , 1579 nm 1350:1555 nm , 1563 nm 1348:1539 nm , 1547 nm 1346:1523 nm , 1531 nm 795:2 km over SMF, serial 10: 8485: 7076:"IEEE P802.3ba Objectives" 6763:"Huawei E2E 100G Solution" 6130:Pal Varga (June 6, 2016). 5649:. Ixia. September 29, 2008 5153:. IEEE 802. April 12, 2011 5119:Help Net Security web site 4854:Parallel optical interface 4715:Pluggable optics standards 3717: 3468:pulse-amplitude modulation 2735: 2431: 1394: 1239:Data centres (inter-rack); 1138: 542: 485: 416: 8419: 8373: 8331: 8275: 8204: 8166: 8145: 8104: 8053: 7481:"100G PSM4 Specification" 7205:Businesswire news release 6156:Jim Duffy (May 1, 2013). 6104:Pal Varga (May 1, 2013). 4974:such as IEEE 802.3bs-2017 4849:Optical transport network 4480:Line rate: 41.25 GBd 4325: 4313: 4308: 4299: 4293: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4218: 4199: 4157: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4138: 4135: 4118: 4113: 4104: 4099: 4073: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4052: 4049: 4036: 4031: 4022: 4005: 3989: 3977: 3972: 3963: 3958: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3933: 3919: 3910: 3899: 3894: 3885: 3880: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2970: 2967: 2956: 2953: 2944: 2939: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2907: 2904: 2893: 2890: 2881: 2876: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2678: 2675: 2662: 2659: 2654: 2641: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2609: 2602: 2591: 2588: 2579: 2574: 2297: 2208: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2157: 2099: 2080: 1892: 1875: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1814: 1811: 1794: 1791: 1782: 1777: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1723: 1720: 1707: 1704: 1695: 1678: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1640: 1633: 1622: 1619: 1610: 1605: 1600:Data centres (inter-rack) 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1281: 1274: 1263: 1260: 1251: 1246: 863:Physical Medium Dependent 769: 766: 666:single-mode optical fiber 550:announced 100GbE for its 521: 428:Telesoft Technologies Ltd 371: 8346:SFP/SFP+/QSFP/QSFP+/OSFP 7054:(NANOG) 47 Presentations 1986:Line code: 64b/66b × NRZ 1931:Line code: 64b/66b × NRZ 779:125 m over OM4 MMF 674:multi-mode optical fiber 500: 360: 7711:. 100G Lambda MSA Group 7109:"Chief Editor's Report" 6030:advanced-television.com 6005:advanced-television.com 5424:"Mellanox Technologies" 4834:Interconnect bottleneck 617:multi-source agreements 613:Ethernet physical layer 393: 251:C form-factor pluggable 53:at rates of 40 and 100 8091:40 and 100 Gbit/s 7621:. Accelink. 2017-06-30 7596:. 4-Wavelength WDM MSA 7563:. 4-Wavelength WDM MSA 6822:"Huawei 200G Solution" 2569:Data centres (in-rack) 2058:Multi-vendor standard 871:Brocade Communications 608: 422:Chelsio Communications 411:Dell PowerConnect 8100 339:Spirent Communications 313:Spirent Communications 146: 137: 128: 114: 101: 8086:25 and 50 Gbit/s 8076:2.5 and 5 Gbit/s 7387:. Brocade. 2016-05-22 6977:"IEEE 802.3 standard" 5901:corporate.spirent.com 4895:. IEEE. June 19, 2010 4839:Optical communication 4527:each, scaled up from 3531:FDDI 62.5/125 µm 3348:Multi-vendor standard 3289:Multi-vendor standard 3230:Multi-vendor standard 3171:Multi-vendor standard 3112:Multi-vendor standard 2426:Multi-vendor standard 2351:Multi-vendor standard 2275:Multi-vendor standard 2238:Multi-vendor standard 2186:Multi-vendor standard 2135:Multi-vendor standard 1389:Multi-vendor standard 952:FDDI 62.5/125 µm 696:100 Gigabit Ethernet 602: 454:link aggregate groups 354:Mellanox Technologies 349:Mellanox Technologies 220:NetLogic Microsystems 141: 132: 119: 109: 96: 84:Standards development 7411:. Oplink. 2012-02-20 6983:on December 5, 2012. 6649:on December 21, 2011 5760:on December 21, 2010 5486:on February 27, 2010 5297:"Adopted Objectives" 4733:10 gigabit Ethernet. 4560:Lanes per direction 3548:OM1 62.5/125 µm 2745:: 100 Gbit/s - 2441:: 100 Gbit/s - 1404:: 100 Gbit/s - 1148:: 100 Gbit/s - 969:OM1 62.5/125 µm 928:100G interface types 841:80 km over SMF 822:40 km over SMF 761:100 m over OM3 693:40 Gigabit Ethernet 333:Synchronous Ethernet 281:Test and measurement 39:100 Gigabit Ethernet 7984:. November 19, 2009 7960:– Ethernet Alliance 7841:. IEEE. 2016-06-30. 7785:. Cisco. 2018-08-23 7457:"SWDM Alliance MSA" 6877:. 12 November 2010. 5845:Elektronik Branchen 5754:commercial web site 5730:on January 26, 2013 5699:commercial web site 5673:commercial web site 5454:commercial web site 4586:Cable rating (MHz) 4541: 3727:: 40 Gbit/s - 3513: 3507:40G interface types 2383:1504 – 1566 nm 934: 714:Improved Backplane 366:Aitia International 59:10 Gigabit Ethernet 55:gigabits per second 47:computer networking 31:40 Gigabit Ethernet 8469:Ethernet standards 8046:local area network 7358:. IEEE. 2017-06-04 7207:. December 7, 2010 5878:. 19 November 2014 5512:on January 2, 2015 4800:optical connectors 4794:Optical connectors 4640:LAN, Data centres 4535: 3638:OS2 9/125 µm 3624:OS1 9/125 µm 3610:OM5 50/125 µm 3596:OM4 50/125 µm 3582:OM3 50/125 µm 3565:OM2 50/125 µm 3511: 2222:±1.03 nm each 1059:OS2 9/125 µm 1045:OS1 9/125 µm 1031:OM5 50/125 µm 1017:OM4 50/125 µm 1003:OM3 50/125 µm 986:OM2 50/125 µm 932: 609: 470:In November 2007, 331:introduced 100GbE 8451: 8450: 8303:Energy Efficiency 8158:Ethernet Alliance 7972:Ethernet Alliance 7742:. 100G Lambda MSA 7302:978-1-4493-6184-6 7268:. www.ieee802.org 7175:official web site 7074:John D'Ambrosia. 7014:official web site 6928:"Deploying 100GE" 6388:"100G in routers" 6289:. June 11, 2013. 4962:official web site 4926:official web site 4893:official web site 4844:Fiber-optic cable 4824:Ethernet Alliance 4644: 4643: 4580:Max distance (m) 4496: 4495: 4492: 4461: 4453: 4436: 4421: 4400: 4393: 4386: 4369: 4361: 4332: 4318: 4305: 4289: 4277: 4264: 4249: 4228: 4216: 4213:±6.5 nm each 4191: 4162: 4141: 4133: 4110: 4088: 4057: 4047: 4028: 4020: 3994: 3982: 3969: 3947: 3926: 3917: 3908: 3891: 3876: 3850: 3841: 3823: 3815: 3800: 3759: 3744: 3710: 3699: 3688: 3672: 3648: 3647: 3418: 3417: 3414: 3387: 3379: 3364: 3349: 3330: 3320: 3305: 3290: 3271: 3261: 3246: 3231: 3212: 3202: 3187: 3172: 3153: 3143: 3128: 3113: 3094: 3084: 3069: 3038: 3028: 3014: 2975: 2965: 2962:844 – 863 nm 2951: 2912: 2902: 2899:842 – 948 nm 2888: 2855: 2829: 2814: 2785: 2770: 2717: 2683: 2673: 2652: 2614: 2607: 2600: 2586: 2570: 2550: 2527: 2511: 2482: 2466: 2427: 2396: 2386: 2371: 2352: 2321: 2314: 2311:±6.5 nm each 2291: 2276: 2258: 2254: 2239: 2225: 2202: 2187: 2164: 2151: 2136: 2111: 2097: 2094:±6.5 nm each 2074: 2059: 2034: 2025: 2018: 2003: 1988: 1963: 1949: 1933: 1908: 1890: 1870: 1840: 1819: 1809: 1806:934 – 948 nm 1804:904 – 918 nm 1802:874 – 888 nm 1800:844 – 858 nm 1788: 1759: 1728: 1718: 1701: 1693: 1680:100GBASE-SR2-BiDi 1651: 1638: 1631: 1617: 1601: 1581: 1560: 1551: 1536: 1492: 1476: 1445: 1429: 1390: 1365: 1357: 1334: 1292: 1279: 1272: 1258: 1242: 1223: 1212: 1189: 1180: 1165: 1131: 1120: 1109: 1093: 1069: 1068: 851: 850: 526:In October 2008, 238:Single mode fiber 63:IEEE 802.3ba-2010 16:(Redirected from 8476: 8439: 8438: 8427: 8426: 8035: 8028: 8021: 8012: 8011: 7992: 7990: 7989: 7934: 7933: 7931: 7930: 7924: 7917: 7908: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7898: 7892: 7886:. Archived from 7885: 7877: 7871: 7870: 7863: 7857: 7856: 7849: 7843: 7842: 7835: 7829: 7828: 7821: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7811: 7800: 7794: 7793: 7791: 7790: 7779: 7773: 7772: 7770: 7769: 7758: 7752: 7751: 7749: 7747: 7731: 7720: 7719: 7717: 7716: 7705: 7696: 7695: 7693: 7692: 7681: 7675: 7674: 7672: 7671: 7660: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7650: 7644: 7636: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7626: 7620: 7612: 7606: 7605: 7603: 7601: 7591: 7585:Hiramoto, Kiyo. 7582: 7573: 7572: 7570: 7568: 7558: 7549: 7543: 7542: 7540: 7539: 7533: 7525: 7519: 7518: 7516: 7515: 7504: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7491: 7485: 7477: 7471: 7470: 7468: 7467: 7453: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7440: 7434: 7426: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7416: 7410: 7402: 7396: 7395: 7393: 7392: 7386: 7378: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7363: 7357: 7349: 7336: 7335: 7333: 7332: 7326: 7318: 7307: 7306: 7288: 7277: 7276: 7274: 7273: 7267: 7259: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7248: 7242: 7231: 7223: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7212: 7197: 7191: 7190: 7188: 7186: 7181:on June 21, 2011 7167: 7161: 7160: 7158: 7149: 7143: 7142: 7134: 7128: 7127: 7125: 7123: 7113: 7104: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7093: 7087: 7080: 7071: 7065: 7064: 7062: 7060: 7048: 7039: 7030: 7029: 7027: 7025: 7006: 7000: 6999: 6991: 6985: 6984: 6979:. Archived from 6973: 6967: 6966: 6959: 6953: 6952: 6945: 6939: 6938: 6932: 6924: 6918: 6917: 6910: 6904: 6903: 6901: 6900: 6891:. Archived from 6885: 6879: 6878: 6871: 6865: 6864: 6857: 6851: 6850: 6848: 6847: 6838:. Archived from 6832: 6826: 6825: 6818: 6812: 6811: 6804: 6798: 6797: 6790: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6780: 6774: 6768:. Archived from 6767: 6759: 6753: 6752: 6750: 6749: 6740:. Archived from 6734: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6724: 6715:. Archived from 6709: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6698: 6687: 6681: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6665: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6654: 6638: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6615: 6609: 6608: 6606: 6598: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6588: 6579:. Archived from 6573: 6567: 6566: 6561:. Archived from 6551: 6545: 6544: 6542: 6540: 6531:. Archived from 6529:Company web site 6521: 6515: 6514: 6512: 6510: 6495: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6484: 6469: 6463: 6462: 6455: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6445: 6436:. Archived from 6430: 6424: 6423: 6421: 6420: 6411:. Archived from 6405: 6399: 6398: 6392: 6384: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6374: 6365:. Archived from 6359: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6349: 6340:. Archived from 6334: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6324: 6315:. Archived from 6309: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6279: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6258: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6247: 6237: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6226: 6210: 6204: 6203: 6201: 6199: 6184: 6178: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6164:. Archived from 6153: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6142: 6127: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6091:www.mellanox.com 6083: 6077: 6076: 6073:www.mellanox.com 6065: 6059: 6058: 6055:www.mellanox.com 6047: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6037: 6022: 6016: 6015: 6013: 6012: 5997: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5987: 5973: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5963: 5954:. Archived from 5948: 5942: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5922: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5912: 5893: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5883: 5868: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5856: 5847:. Archived from 5836: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5806: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5790:on July 30, 2012 5776: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5746: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5716: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5639: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5607: 5601: 5600: 5589: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5569:. Archived from 5563: 5557: 5556: 5549: 5543: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5528: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5517: 5508:. Archived from 5502: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5482:. Archived from 5476: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5446: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5430:on July 14, 2011 5426:. Archived from 5420: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5388: 5382: 5381: 5374: 5368: 5367: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5342: 5336: 5335: 5324: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5301: 5293: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5273: 5267: 5266: 5264: 5256: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5246: 5240: 5233: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5210: 5204: 5203: 5201: 5200: 5186: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5169: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5143: 5134: 5133: 5128: 5126: 5111: 5105: 5104: 5097: 5088: 5087: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5062: 5054: 5048: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5028: 5022: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5006: 5000: 4999: 4997: 4996: 4981: 4975: 4972: 4966: 4965: 4954: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4937: 4918: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4885: 4859:Terabit Ethernet 4743: 4742: 4724: 4723: 4706: 4705: 4693: 4692: 4680: 4679: 4668: 4667: 4656: 4655: 4601: 4596: 4542: 4534: 4516: 4515: 4503: 4502: 4478: 4466: 4459: 4451: 4447: 4437: 4434: 4428: 4417: 4405: 4396: 4391: 4384: 4380: 4367: 4360: 4355: 4353: 4346: 4339: 4326: 4323: 4314: 4303: 4296: 4285: 4282: 4273: 4265: 4262: 4256: 4245: 4233: 4222: 4214: 4202: 4192: 4189: 4183: 4176: 4169: 4158: 4146: 4139: 4131: 4121: 4108: 4102: 4095: 4074: 4062: 4053: 4045: 4039: 4026: 4019: 4010: 4008: 4007:40GBASE-SR2-BiDi 4001: 3990: 3987: 3978: 3967: 3961: 3954: 3943: 3931: 3920: 3915: 3906: 3902: 3892: 3889: 3883: 3865: 3844: 3839: 3824: 3821: 3814: 3809: 3807: 3789: 3760: 3757: 3751: 3722: 3707: 3702: 3696: 3691: 3685: 3680: 3668: 3650: 3649: 3573: 3556: 3539: 3514: 3510: 3404: 3392: 3385: 3377: 3376:1546.119 nm 3373: 3365: 3362: 3356: 3347: 3335: 3326: 3318: 3314: 3303: 3297: 3288: 3276: 3267: 3259: 3255: 3244: 3238: 3229: 3217: 3208: 3200: 3196: 3185: 3179: 3170: 3158: 3149: 3141: 3137: 3129: 3126: 3120: 3111: 3099: 3090: 3082: 3078: 3070: 3067: 3061: 3043: 3034: 3026: 3022: 3012: 3010: 3005: 2998: 2980: 2971: 2963: 2959: 2949: 2947: 2942: 2935: 2917: 2908: 2900: 2896: 2886: 2884: 2879: 2841: 2830: 2827: 2821: 2812: 2786: 2783: 2777: 2740: 2731: 2724: 2700: 2688: 2679: 2671: 2665: 2657: 2651: 2646: 2644: 2637: 2619: 2610: 2605: 2598: 2594: 2584: 2582: 2577: 2568: 2538: 2525: 2523: 2518: 2509: 2480: 2478: 2473: 2436: 2413: 2401: 2392: 2384: 2380: 2365: 2359: 2338: 2326: 2317: 2312: 2300: 2289: 2283: 2270: 2267: 2256: 2252: 2246: 2245:100GBASE-4WDM-40 2233: 2230: 2223: 2211: 2200: 2194: 2193:100GBASE-4WDM-20 2181: 2169: 2158: 2149: 2143: 2142:100GBASE-4WDM-10 2128: 2116: 2103: 2095: 2083: 2072: 2066: 2051: 2039: 2028: 2023: 2016: 2012: 2001: 1995: 1980: 1968: 1955: 1947: 1945: 1940: 1925: 1913: 1896: 1888: 1878: 1868: 1866: 1861: 1854: 1847: 1836: 1824: 1815: 1807: 1797: 1786: 1780: 1773: 1766: 1745: 1733: 1724: 1716: 1710: 1699: 1692: 1683: 1681: 1674: 1656: 1641: 1636: 1629: 1625: 1615: 1613: 1608: 1599: 1575: 1558: 1556: 1550: 1545: 1543: 1519: 1490: 1488: 1483: 1472: 1443: 1441: 1436: 1399: 1384: 1372: 1363: 1355: 1343: 1328: 1322: 1315: 1297: 1282: 1277: 1270: 1266: 1256: 1254: 1249: 1238: 1215: 1204: 1187: 1185: 1179: 1174: 1172: 1143: 1128: 1123: 1117: 1112: 1106: 1101: 1089: 1071: 1070: 994: 977: 960: 935: 931: 836: 835: 829: 828: 806:10 km over 687: 686: 587:Gigabit Ethernet 548:Juniper Networks 388:Extreme Networks 383:Extreme Networks 329:Calnex Solutions 325:in January 2011. 67:Terabit Ethernet 45:) are groups of 21: 8484: 8483: 8479: 8478: 8477: 8475: 8474: 8473: 8454: 8453: 8452: 8447: 8415: 8369: 8327: 8271: 8200: 8162: 8141: 8117:Autonegotiation 8100: 8066:100 Mbit/s 8049: 8039: 7987: 7985: 7976: 7968: 7963: 7943: 7941:Further reading 7938: 7937: 7928: 7926: 7922: 7915: 7909: 7905: 7896: 7894: 7890: 7883: 7879: 7878: 7874: 7865: 7864: 7860: 7851: 7850: 7846: 7837: 7836: 7832: 7823: 7822: 7818: 7809: 7807: 7802: 7801: 7797: 7788: 7786: 7781: 7780: 7776: 7767: 7765: 7760: 7759: 7755: 7745: 7743: 7732: 7723: 7714: 7712: 7707: 7706: 7699: 7690: 7688: 7683: 7682: 7678: 7669: 7667: 7662: 7661: 7657: 7648: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7637: 7633: 7624: 7622: 7618: 7614: 7613: 7609: 7599: 7597: 7589: 7583: 7576: 7566: 7564: 7556: 7550: 7546: 7537: 7535: 7531: 7527: 7526: 7522: 7513: 7511: 7506: 7505: 7498: 7489: 7487: 7483: 7479: 7478: 7474: 7465: 7463: 7455: 7454: 7447: 7438: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7427: 7423: 7414: 7412: 7408: 7404: 7403: 7399: 7390: 7388: 7384: 7380: 7379: 7370: 7361: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7350: 7339: 7330: 7328: 7324: 7320: 7319: 7310: 7303: 7289: 7280: 7271: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7260: 7256: 7246: 7244: 7240: 7229: 7225: 7224: 7220: 7210: 7208: 7199: 7198: 7194: 7184: 7182: 7169: 7168: 7164: 7156: 7152:Anderson, Jon. 7150: 7146: 7135: 7131: 7121: 7119: 7111: 7105: 7101: 7091: 7089: 7085: 7078: 7072: 7068: 7058: 7056: 7046: 7040: 7033: 7023: 7021: 7008: 7007: 7003: 6998:. ars technica. 6992: 6988: 6975: 6974: 6970: 6961: 6960: 6956: 6947: 6946: 6942: 6930: 6926: 6925: 6921: 6912: 6911: 6907: 6898: 6896: 6887: 6886: 6882: 6873: 6872: 6868: 6859: 6858: 6854: 6845: 6843: 6834: 6833: 6829: 6820: 6819: 6815: 6806: 6805: 6801: 6792: 6791: 6787: 6778: 6776: 6772: 6765: 6761: 6760: 6756: 6747: 6745: 6736: 6735: 6731: 6722: 6720: 6711: 6710: 6706: 6696: 6694: 6689: 6688: 6684: 6674: 6672: 6667: 6666: 6662: 6652: 6650: 6639: 6635: 6625: 6623: 6622:. Light Reading 6616: 6612: 6604: 6600: 6599: 6595: 6586: 6584: 6575: 6574: 6570: 6553: 6552: 6548: 6538: 6536: 6523: 6522: 6518: 6508: 6506: 6496: 6492: 6482: 6480: 6479:. June 29, 2011 6471: 6470: 6466: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6443: 6441: 6432: 6431: 6427: 6418: 6416: 6407: 6406: 6402: 6390: 6386: 6385: 6381: 6372: 6370: 6361: 6360: 6356: 6347: 6345: 6336: 6335: 6331: 6322: 6320: 6311: 6310: 6306: 6296: 6294: 6281: 6280: 6276: 6266: 6264: 6260: 6259: 6255: 6245: 6243: 6239: 6238: 6234: 6224: 6222: 6211: 6207: 6197: 6195: 6185: 6181: 6171: 6169: 6154: 6150: 6140: 6138: 6136:FPGA Networking 6128: 6124: 6114: 6112: 6110:FPGA Networking 6102: 6098: 6085: 6084: 6080: 6067: 6066: 6062: 6049: 6048: 6044: 6035: 6033: 6024: 6023: 6019: 6010: 6008: 5999: 5998: 5994: 5985: 5983: 5975: 5974: 5970: 5961: 5959: 5950: 5949: 5945: 5935: 5933: 5930:www.spirent.com 5924: 5923: 5919: 5910: 5908: 5895: 5894: 5890: 5881: 5879: 5870: 5869: 5865: 5854: 5852: 5837: 5833: 5823: 5821: 5808: 5807: 5803: 5793: 5791: 5778: 5777: 5773: 5763: 5761: 5748: 5747: 5743: 5733: 5731: 5718: 5717: 5713: 5703: 5701: 5693: 5692: 5688: 5678: 5676: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5652: 5650: 5641: 5640: 5636: 5626: 5624: 5609: 5608: 5604: 5591: 5590: 5586: 5576: 5574: 5565: 5564: 5560: 5551: 5550: 5546: 5536: 5534: 5530: 5529: 5525: 5515: 5513: 5504: 5503: 5499: 5489: 5487: 5478: 5477: 5473: 5463: 5461: 5448: 5447: 5443: 5433: 5431: 5422: 5421: 5417: 5407: 5405: 5404:on 29 June 2013 5390: 5389: 5385: 5376: 5375: 5371: 5362: 5361: 5357: 5350:www.ieee802.org 5344: 5343: 5339: 5332:www.ieee802.org 5326: 5325: 5321: 5311: 5309: 5299: 5295: 5294: 5287: 5282:. Nov 12, 2018. 5279: 5275: 5274: 5270: 5265:. Nov 12, 2018. 5262: 5258: 5257: 5253: 5244: 5242: 5238: 5231: 5225: 5221: 5216:. May 12, 2016. 5212: 5211: 5207: 5198: 5196: 5188: 5187: 5183: 5175: 5171: 5170: 5166: 5156: 5154: 5145: 5144: 5137: 5124: 5122: 5121:. June 21, 2010 5113: 5112: 5108: 5099: 5098: 5091: 5086:. NetworkWorld. 5080: 5076: 5066: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5055: 5051: 5041: 5039: 5029: 5025: 5015: 5013: 5008: 5007: 5003: 4994: 4992: 4983: 4982: 4978: 4973: 4969: 4956: 4955: 4944: 4935: 4933: 4920: 4919: 4908: 4898: 4896: 4887: 4886: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4819: 4796: 4785:There are also 4740: 4739: 4721: 4720: 4717: 4703: 4702: 4690: 4689: 4677: 4676: 4665: 4664: 4653: 4652: 4649: 4599: 4594: 4574:per lane (MBd) 4563:Bits per hertz 4557:Pairs required 4554:Speed (Mbit/s) 4513: 4512: 4500: 4499: 4490: 4484: 4482: 4464: 4449: 4446: 4441: 4433: 4431: 4426: 4419: 4403: 4390: 4382: 4379: 4374: 4366: 4358:(parallel -LR4) 4356: 4354: 4351: 4344: 4337: 4330: 4321: 4310: 4302: 4294: 4280: 4269: 4261: 4259: 4254: 4231: 4224: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4196: 4188: 4186: 4181: 4174: 4167: 4144: 4130:934-948 nm 4129: 4128:904-918 nm 4127: 4126:874-888 nm 4125: 4124:844-858 nm 4123: 4120: 4115: 4109:(MSA, Nov 2017) 4107: 4100: 4093: 4086: 4080: 4060: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4033: 4025: 4011: 4009: 4006: 3999: 3992: 3985: 3974: 3966: 3959: 3952: 3945: 3929: 3922: 3914: 3904: 3901: 3896: 3888: 3886: 3881: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3820: 3818: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3764: 3756: 3754: 3749: 3708: 3704: 3697: 3693: 3686: 3682: 3676: 3670: 3571: 3554: 3537: 3509: 3423: 3412: 3408: 3390: 3375: 3372: 3361: 3359: 3354: 3333: 3316: 3313: 3304:(MSA, Nov 2020) 3302: 3296:100GBASE-ER1-40 3295: 3274: 3257: 3254: 3245:(MSA, Nov 2020) 3243: 3237:100GBASE-ER1-30 3236: 3215: 3198: 3195: 3186:(MSA, Nov 2020) 3184: 3178:100GBASE-LR1-20 3177: 3156: 3139: 3136: 3125: 3123: 3118: 3097: 3080: 3077: 3066: 3064: 3059: 3041: 3024: 3021: 3011: 3008: 3003: 2996: 2978: 2961: 2958: 2948: 2945: 2940: 2933: 2915: 2898: 2895: 2885: 2882: 2877: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2837: 2826: 2824: 2819: 2782: 2780: 2775: 2729: 2722: 2710: 2708: 2704: 2686: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2655: 2649:(Bidirectional) 2647: 2645: 2642: 2635: 2617: 2604: 2596: 2593: 2583: 2580: 2575: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2534: 2524: 2521: 2516: 2479: 2476: 2471: 2425: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2399: 2382: 2379: 2364: 2357: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2324: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2290:(MSA, Apr 2014) 2288: 2281: 2274: 2265: 2257:(MSA, Jul 2017) 2255: 2251: 2244: 2237: 2228: 2221: 2220:1309.14 nm 2219: 2218:1304.58 nm 2217: 2216:1300.05 nm 2215: 2214:1295.56 nm 2213: 2210: 2201:(MSA, Jul 2017) 2199: 2192: 2185: 2167: 2162: 2150:(MSA, Oct 2018) 2148: 2141: 2134: 2130: 2114: 2109: 2107: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2073:(MSA, Mar 2014) 2071: 2064: 2057: 2053: 2037: 2032: 2022: 2014: 2011: 2002:(MSA, Jan 2014) 2000: 1993: 1984: 1966: 1961: 1959: 1946: 1943: 1938: 1929: 1911: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1887:1309.14 nm 1886: 1885:1304.59 nm 1884: 1883:1300.05 nm 1882: 1881:1295.56 nm 1880: 1877: 1867: 1864: 1859: 1852: 1845: 1822: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1787:(MSA, Nov 2017) 1785: 1778: 1771: 1764: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1731: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1698: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1672: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1635: 1627: 1624: 1614: 1611: 1606: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1567: 1557: 1554: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1534: 1530: 1527: 1521: 1489: 1486: 1481: 1474: 1442: 1439: 1434: 1388: 1370: 1368: 1353: 1351: 1349: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1327: 1320: 1313: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1276: 1268: 1265: 1255: 1252: 1247: 1240: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1196: 1186: 1183: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1129: 1125: 1118: 1114: 1107: 1103: 1097: 1091: 992: 975: 958: 930: 833: 832: 826: 825: 816: 773: 771: 746:30 m over 740: 738: 721: 690:Physical layer 582: 545: 524: 503: 488: 468: 439: 430: 419: 396: 385: 377:Arista Networks 374: 363: 351: 307:VIAVI Solutions 297:optoelectronics 283: 259: 240: 228: 226:Multimode fiber 217: 190: 86: 78:twinaxial cable 51:Ethernet frames 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8482: 8472: 8471: 8466: 8449: 8448: 8446: 8445: 8433: 8420: 8417: 8416: 8414: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8377: 8375: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8348: 8343: 8337: 8335: 8329: 8328: 8326: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8279: 8277: 8273: 8272: 8270: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8208: 8206: 8202: 8201: 8199: 8198: 8197: 8196: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8170: 8168: 8164: 8163: 8161: 8160: 8155: 8149: 8147: 8143: 8142: 8140: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8112:Physical layer 8108: 8106: 8102: 8101: 8099: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8081:10 Gbit/s 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8061:10 Mbit/s 8057: 8055: 8051: 8050: 8038: 8037: 8030: 8023: 8015: 8009: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7974: 7967: 7966:External links 7964: 7962: 7961: 7955: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7936: 7935: 7903: 7872: 7858: 7844: 7830: 7816: 7795: 7774: 7753: 7740:100glambda.com 7734:Nowell, Mark. 7721: 7697: 7676: 7655: 7631: 7607: 7574: 7544: 7520: 7496: 7472: 7445: 7421: 7397: 7368: 7337: 7308: 7301: 7278: 7254: 7218: 7192: 7162: 7144: 7129: 7099: 7066: 7031: 7001: 6986: 6968: 6954: 6940: 6919: 6905: 6880: 6866: 6852: 6827: 6813: 6799: 6796:. 3 June 2020. 6785: 6754: 6729: 6704: 6682: 6660: 6633: 6610: 6593: 6568: 6565:on 2012-10-15. 6546: 6516: 6490: 6464: 6450: 6425: 6400: 6379: 6354: 6329: 6304: 6274: 6253: 6232: 6205: 6179: 6148: 6122: 6096: 6078: 6060: 6042: 6017: 5992: 5968: 5943: 5917: 5888: 5863: 5831: 5801: 5771: 5741: 5711: 5686: 5660: 5634: 5602: 5584: 5558: 5544: 5523: 5497: 5471: 5441: 5415: 5383: 5369: 5355: 5337: 5319: 5285: 5268: 5251: 5219: 5205: 5181: 5173:"P802.3bq PAR" 5164: 5135: 5106: 5089: 5074: 5049: 5023: 5001: 4976: 4967: 4942: 4906: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4790: 4782: 4781: 4774: 4773: 4766: 4765: 4758: 4757: 4753: 4752: 4748: 4747: 4744: 4736: 4735: 4725: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4711: 4707: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4686: 4685: 4681: 4673: 4672: 4669: 4661: 4660: 4657: 4648: 4645: 4642: 4641: 4638: 4635: 4630: 4627: 4624: 4621: 4618: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4587: 4584: 4581: 4578: 4575: 4569: 4564: 4561: 4558: 4555: 4552: 4549: 4546: 4536:Comparison of 4533: 4532: 4517: 4505: 4504: 4494: 4493: 4476: 4473: 4470: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4454: 4443: 4438: 4429: 4423: 4422: 4415: 4412: 4409: 4406: 4401: 4394: 4387: 4376: 4371: 4362: 4348: 4347: 4341: 4340: 4334: 4333: 4324: 4319: 4312: 4307: 4298: 4291: 4290: 4283: 4278: 4271: 4266: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4234: 4229: 4220: 4217: 4198: 4193: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4164: 4163: 4156: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4134: 4117: 4112: 4103: 4097: 4096: 4090: 4089: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4063: 4058: 4051: 4048: 4035: 4030: 4021: 4003: 4002: 3996: 3995: 3988: 3983: 3976: 3971: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3949: 3948: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3927: 3918: 3909: 3898: 3893: 3884: 3878: 3877: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3842: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3816: 3802: 3801: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3761: 3752: 3746: 3745: 3743:- Full-Duplex) 3715: 3714: 3711: 3700: 3689: 3678: 3673: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3646: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3632: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3618: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3604: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3590: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3576: 3575: 3569: 3566: 3559: 3558: 3552: 3549: 3542: 3541: 3535: 3532: 3525: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3503: 3500: 3496: 3495: 3484: 3480: 3479: 3476: 3472: 3471: 3464: 3460: 3459: 3451: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3439: 3435: 3434: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3421:Coding schemes 3419: 3416: 3415: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3380: 3369: 3366: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3331: 3324: 3321: 3310: 3307: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3272: 3265: 3262: 3251: 3248: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3213: 3206: 3203: 3192: 3189: 3180: 3174: 3173: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3154: 3147: 3144: 3133: 3130: 3121: 3115: 3114: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3095: 3088: 3085: 3074: 3071: 3062: 3056: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3039: 3032: 3029: 3018: 3015: 3006: 3000: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2984: 2981: 2976: 2969: 2966: 2955: 2952: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2913: 2906: 2903: 2892: 2889: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2839: 2834: 2831: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2778: 2772: 2771: 2769:- Full-Duplex) 2733: 2732: 2726: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2684: 2677: 2674: 2661: 2658: 2653: 2643:100GBASE-SR1.2 2639: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2615: 2608: 2601: 2590: 2587: 2578: 2572: 2571: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2536: 2531: 2528: 2519: 2513: 2512: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2474: 2468: 2467: 2465:- Full-Duplex) 2429: 2428: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2397: 2390: 2387: 2376: 2373: 2370:MSA, Mar 2014) 2360: 2358:100GBASE-CWDM4 2354: 2353: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2322: 2315: 2296: 2293: 2284: 2278: 2277: 2268: 2263: 2260: 2247: 2241: 2240: 2231: 2226: 2207: 2204: 2195: 2189: 2188: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2165: 2156: 2153: 2144: 2138: 2137: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2112: 2101: 2098: 2079: 2076: 2067: 2065:100GBASE-CWDM4 2061: 2060: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2035: 2026: 2019: 2008: 2005: 1996: 1990: 1989: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1964: 1953: 1950: 1941: 1935: 1934: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1909: 1894: 1891: 1874: 1871: 1862: 1856: 1855: 1849: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1820: 1813: 1810: 1793: 1790: 1781: 1779:100GBASE-SWDM4 1775: 1774: 1768: 1767: 1761: 1760: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1729: 1722: 1719: 1706: 1703: 1694: 1676: 1675: 1669: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1652: 1639: 1632: 1621: 1618: 1609: 1603: 1602: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1569: 1564: 1561: 1552: 1538: 1537: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1484: 1478: 1477: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1437: 1431: 1430: 1428:- Full-Duplex) 1392: 1391: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1371:2k / 10k / 40k 1366: 1361: 1358: 1339: 1336: 1323: 1317: 1316: 1310: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1293: 1280: 1273: 1262: 1259: 1250: 1244: 1243: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1213: 1198: 1193: 1190: 1181: 1167: 1166: 1164:- Full-Duplex) 1136: 1135: 1132: 1121: 1110: 1099: 1094: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1067: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1053: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1025: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1004: 997: 996: 990: 987: 980: 979: 973: 970: 963: 962: 956: 953: 946: 945: 942: 939: 929: 926: 910: 909: 906: 903: 900: 849: 848: 845: 842: 838: 837: 830: 823: 819: 818: 813: 810: 803: 802: 799: 796: 792: 791: 788: 785: 781: 780: 776: 775: 768: 765: 758: 757: 754: 751: 743: 742: 735: 732: 727:7 m over 724: 723: 718: 715: 711: 710: 707: 704: 698: 697: 694: 691: 682: 681: 662: 655: 649: 646:bit error rate 642: 639: 581: 578: 544: 541: 523: 520: 502: 499: 487: 484: 472:Alcatel-Lucent 467: 466:Alcatel-Lucent 464: 463: 462: 459: 456: 450: 438: 435: 429: 426: 418: 415: 395: 392: 384: 381: 373: 370: 362: 359: 350: 347: 346: 345: 342: 336: 326: 319: 316: 310: 300: 293: 287: 282: 279: 261:Optical fiber 258: 255: 239: 236: 227: 224: 216: 213: 189: 188:Early products 186: 85: 82: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8481: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8461: 8459: 8444: 8443: 8434: 8432: 8431: 8422: 8421: 8418: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8378: 8376: 8372: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8338: 8336: 8334: 8330: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8280: 8278: 8274: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8203: 8195: 8192: 8191: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8171: 8169: 8165: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8150: 8148: 8146:Organizations 8144: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8103: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8071:1 Gbit/s 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8058: 8056: 8052: 8047: 8043: 8036: 8031: 8029: 8024: 8022: 8017: 8016: 8013: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7983: 7982:Network World 7979: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7969: 7959: 7956: 7953: 7949: 7946: 7945: 7921: 7914: 7911:Daniel Dove. 7907: 7893:on 2016-05-23 7889: 7882: 7876: 7868: 7862: 7854: 7848: 7840: 7834: 7827:. IEEE 802.3. 7826: 7820: 7805: 7799: 7784: 7778: 7763: 7757: 7741: 7737: 7730: 7728: 7726: 7710: 7704: 7702: 7686: 7680: 7665: 7659: 7641: 7635: 7617: 7611: 7595: 7588: 7581: 7579: 7562: 7555: 7552:Ghiasi, Ali. 7548: 7530: 7524: 7509: 7503: 7501: 7482: 7476: 7462: 7461:SWDM Alliance 7458: 7452: 7450: 7431: 7425: 7407: 7401: 7383: 7377: 7375: 7373: 7354: 7348: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7323: 7317: 7315: 7313: 7304: 7298: 7294: 7287: 7285: 7283: 7264: 7258: 7243:on 2011-07-18 7239: 7235: 7228: 7222: 7206: 7202: 7196: 7180: 7176: 7172: 7166: 7155: 7148: 7140: 7133: 7117: 7110: 7103: 7092:September 25, 7084: 7077: 7070: 7055: 7053: 7045: 7038: 7036: 7019: 7015: 7011: 7005: 6997: 6990: 6982: 6978: 6972: 6964: 6958: 6950: 6944: 6936: 6929: 6923: 6915: 6909: 6895:on 2012-07-09 6894: 6890: 6884: 6876: 6870: 6862: 6856: 6842:on 2012-02-25 6841: 6837: 6831: 6823: 6817: 6809: 6803: 6795: 6789: 6775:on 2012-05-14 6771: 6764: 6758: 6744:on 2012-10-11 6743: 6739: 6733: 6719:on 2012-03-24 6718: 6714: 6708: 6697:September 10, 6692: 6686: 6675:September 10, 6670: 6664: 6648: 6644: 6637: 6621: 6614: 6603: 6597: 6583:on 2012-07-19 6582: 6578: 6572: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6550: 6535:on 2012-11-16 6534: 6530: 6526: 6520: 6505: 6501: 6494: 6478: 6477:Press release 6474: 6468: 6460: 6454: 6440:on 2016-06-11 6439: 6435: 6429: 6415:on 2014-07-14 6414: 6410: 6404: 6396: 6389: 6383: 6369:on 2015-07-03 6368: 6364: 6358: 6344:on 2015-07-03 6343: 6339: 6333: 6319:on 2015-07-03 6318: 6314: 6308: 6292: 6288: 6287:Press release 6284: 6278: 6263: 6257: 6242: 6236: 6221:on 2013-01-23 6220: 6216: 6209: 6194: 6190: 6183: 6168:on 2013-05-17 6167: 6163: 6162:Network World 6159: 6152: 6137: 6133: 6126: 6111: 6107: 6100: 6092: 6088: 6082: 6074: 6070: 6064: 6056: 6052: 6046: 6032:. 9 July 2015 6031: 6027: 6021: 6007:. 8 June 2015 6006: 6002: 5996: 5982: 5978: 5972: 5958:on 2015-06-23 5957: 5953: 5947: 5931: 5927: 5921: 5907:on 2015-12-22 5906: 5902: 5898: 5892: 5877: 5873: 5867: 5851:on 2012-07-15 5850: 5846: 5842: 5835: 5820:on 2011-07-19 5819: 5815: 5811: 5805: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5775: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5745: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5715: 5700: 5696: 5690: 5674: 5670: 5664: 5648: 5644: 5638: 5622: 5618: 5617: 5612: 5606: 5598: 5594: 5588: 5577:September 25, 5573:on 2009-06-30 5572: 5568: 5562: 5554: 5548: 5533: 5527: 5516:September 25, 5511: 5507: 5501: 5490:September 25, 5485: 5481: 5475: 5460:on 2010-02-24 5459: 5455: 5451: 5445: 5434:September 25, 5429: 5425: 5419: 5403: 5399: 5398: 5397:Business Wire 5393: 5387: 5379: 5373: 5365: 5359: 5351: 5347: 5341: 5333: 5329: 5323: 5307: 5306: 5298: 5292: 5290: 5278: 5272: 5261: 5255: 5241:on 2018-05-17 5237: 5230: 5223: 5215: 5209: 5195: 5191: 5185: 5174: 5168: 5152: 5148: 5142: 5140: 5132: 5120: 5116: 5110: 5103:. 2010-06-21. 5102: 5096: 5094: 5085: 5078: 5059: 5053: 5038: 5037:Network World 5034: 5027: 5012:. IEEE802.org 5011: 5005: 4991:on 2011-07-26 4990: 4986: 4980: 4971: 4963: 4959: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4894: 4890: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4871: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4821: 4814: 4812: 4808: 4807:LC connectors 4803: 4801: 4788: 4784: 4783: 4779: 4776: 4775: 4771: 4768: 4767: 4763: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4754: 4750: 4749: 4745: 4738: 4737: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4719: 4718: 4708: 4701: 4700: 4695: 4688: 4687: 4682: 4675: 4674: 4670: 4663: 4662: 4658: 4651: 4650: 4634: 4604: 4598: 4593: 4592: 4588: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4562: 4559: 4556: 4553: 4550: 4547: 4544: 4543: 4539: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4511: 4510: 4509: 4498: 4497: 4488: 4481: 4477: 4474: 4471: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4455: 4452: 4444: 4439: 4430: 4425: 4424: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4402: 4399: 4395: 4388: 4385: 4377: 4372: 4370: 4363: 4359: 4350: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4336: 4335: 4329: 4320: 4317: 4306: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4279: 4276: 4272: 4267: 4258: 4253: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4230: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4194: 4185: 4180: 4179: 4173: 4172: 4166: 4165: 4161: 4143: 4132: 4111: 4101:40GBASE-SWDM4 4098: 4092: 4091: 4084: 4079: 4078: 4059: 4056: 4046: 4029: 4018: 4016: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3984: 3981: 3970: 3957: 3951: 3950: 3928: 3925: 3913: 3907: 3879: 3868: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3843: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3817: 3813: 3812:Direct Attach 3804: 3803: 3792: 3788: 3785: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3768:Cu-Backplane 3767: 3762: 3753: 3748: 3747: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3701: 3690: 3679: 3674: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3633: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3605: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3577: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3560: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3543: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3526: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3515: 3501: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3482: 3481: 3477: 3474: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3462: 3461: 3456: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3370: 3367: 3358: 3353: 3352: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3332: 3329: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3299: 3294: 3293: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3273: 3270: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3240: 3235: 3234: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3214: 3211: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3181: 3176: 3175: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3155: 3152: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3134: 3131: 3122: 3117: 3116: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3096: 3093: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3075: 3072: 3063: 3058: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3040: 3037: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3019: 3016: 3007: 3002: 3001: 2995: 2994: 2977: 2974: 2964: 2938: 2932: 2931: 2914: 2911: 2901: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2854: 2840: 2835: 2832: 2823: 2818: 2817: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2792:Cu-Backplane 2791: 2788: 2779: 2774: 2773: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2738: 2734: 2728: 2727: 2721: 2720: 2715: 2707: 2703: 2685: 2682: 2672: 2650: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2616: 2613: 2599: 2573: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2547: 2537: 2532: 2529: 2520: 2515: 2514: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2488:Cu-Backplane 2487: 2484: 2475: 2470: 2469: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2434: 2430: 2422: 2418: 2414:Data centres; 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2398: 2395: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2361: 2356: 2355: 2347: 2343: 2339:Data centres; 2337: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2323: 2320: 2316: 2313: 2294: 2292: 2285: 2282:100GBASE-CLR4 2280: 2279: 2273: 2269: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2248: 2243: 2242: 2236: 2232: 2227: 2224: 2205: 2203: 2196: 2191: 2190: 2184: 2180: 2166: 2161: 2154: 2152: 2145: 2140: 2139: 2133: 2129:Data centres; 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2113: 2106: 2102: 2096: 2077: 2075: 2068: 2063: 2062: 2056: 2052:Data centres; 2050: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2020: 2017: 2009: 2006: 2004: 1997: 1994:100GBASE-PSM4 1992: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1965: 1958: 1954: 1951: 1942: 1937: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1910: 1899: 1895: 1889: 1872: 1863: 1858: 1857: 1851: 1850: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1821: 1818: 1808: 1789: 1776: 1770: 1769: 1763: 1762: 1752: 1748: 1730: 1727: 1717: 1702: 1691: 1689: 1677: 1671: 1670: 1653: 1644: 1630: 1604: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1573: 1570: 1565: 1562: 1553: 1549: 1548:Direct Attach 1540: 1539: 1533: 1529: 1526: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1498:Cu-Backplane 1497: 1494: 1485: 1480: 1479: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1451:Cu-Backplane 1450: 1447: 1438: 1433: 1432: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1397: 1393: 1387: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1367: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1324: 1319: 1318: 1312: 1311: 1294: 1271: 1248:100GBASE-SR10 1245: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1214: 1202: 1199: 1194: 1191: 1182: 1178: 1177:Direct Attach 1171:100GBASE-CR10 1169: 1168: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1122: 1111: 1100: 1095: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1012: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 998: 991: 988: 985: 982: 981: 974: 971: 968: 965: 964: 957: 954: 951: 948: 947: 943: 940: 937: 936: 925: 921: 918: 914: 907: 904: 901: 898: 897: 896: 893: 889: 886: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 859: 855: 846: 840: 839: 831: 824: 821: 820: 817:100GBASE-LR1 814: 811: 809: 805: 804: 801:100GBASE-FR1 800: 797: 794: 793: 789: 783: 782: 778: 777: 774:100GBASE-SR2 770:100GBASE-SR10 764: 760: 759: 752: 750:twisted pair 749: 745: 744: 741:100GBASE-CR2 737:100GBASE-CR10 736: 733: 731:copper cable 730: 726: 725: 722:100GBASE-KR2 719: 716: 713: 712: 709:100GBASE-KP4 708: 703: 700: 699: 695: 692: 689: 688: 685: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 660: 656: 654: 650: 647: 643: 640: 637: 636: 635: 633: 628: 626: 622: 618: 614: 606: 601: 597: 593: 590: 588: 577: 573: 571: 566: 564: 559: 557: 553: 549: 540: 536: 532: 529: 519: 516: 511: 507: 506:Cisco Systems 498: 496: 492: 483: 479: 475: 473: 460: 457: 455: 451: 448: 447: 446: 444: 434: 425: 423: 414: 412: 408: 404: 400: 391: 389: 380: 378: 369: 367: 358: 355: 343: 340: 337: 334: 330: 327: 324: 320: 317: 314: 311: 308: 304: 301: 298: 294: 291: 288: 285: 284: 278: 276: 272: 268: 264: 257:Compatibility 254: 252: 248: 244: 235: 233: 223: 221: 212: 210: 205: 201: 197: 195: 185: 182: 179: 176: 173: 169: 167: 162: 159: 155: 152: 149: 145: 140: 136: 131: 127: 125: 118: 113: 112:corrigendum). 108: 104: 100: 95: 92: 89: 81: 79: 75: 74:optical fiber 70: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 36: 32: 19: 8440: 8428: 8333:Transceivers 8276:Applications 8179:Twisted pair 8127:Flow control 8090: 8048:technologies 7986:. Retrieved 7981: 7927:. Retrieved 7906: 7895:. Retrieved 7888:the original 7875: 7861: 7847: 7833: 7819: 7808:. Retrieved 7798: 7787:. Retrieved 7777: 7766:. Retrieved 7756: 7744:. Retrieved 7739: 7713:. Retrieved 7689:. Retrieved 7679: 7668:. Retrieved 7658: 7647:. Retrieved 7634: 7623:. Retrieved 7610: 7598:. Retrieved 7594:4wdm-msa.org 7593: 7565:. Retrieved 7561:4wdm-msa.org 7560: 7547: 7536:. Retrieved 7523: 7512:. Retrieved 7488:. Retrieved 7475: 7464:. Retrieved 7460: 7437:. Retrieved 7424: 7413:. Retrieved 7400: 7389:. Retrieved 7360:. Retrieved 7329:. Retrieved 7292: 7270:. Retrieved 7263:"Objectives" 7257: 7245:. Retrieved 7238:the original 7234:News release 7233: 7221: 7209:. Retrieved 7204: 7195: 7183:. Retrieved 7179:the original 7174: 7165: 7147: 7132: 7120:. Retrieved 7115: 7102: 7090:. Retrieved 7069: 7057:. Retrieved 7050: 7022:. Retrieved 7013: 7004: 6989: 6981:the original 6971: 6957: 6943: 6934: 6922: 6908: 6897:. Retrieved 6893:the original 6883: 6869: 6855: 6844:. Retrieved 6840:the original 6830: 6816: 6802: 6788: 6777:. Retrieved 6770:the original 6757: 6746:. Retrieved 6742:the original 6732: 6721:. Retrieved 6717:the original 6707: 6695:. Retrieved 6685: 6673:. Retrieved 6663: 6653:December 17, 6651:. Retrieved 6647:the original 6636: 6626:December 17, 6624:. Retrieved 6613: 6596: 6585:. Retrieved 6581:the original 6571: 6563:the original 6558: 6549: 6537:. Retrieved 6533:the original 6528: 6519: 6507:. Retrieved 6503: 6493: 6481:. Retrieved 6476: 6467: 6453: 6442:. Retrieved 6438:the original 6428: 6417:. Retrieved 6413:the original 6403: 6394: 6382: 6371:. Retrieved 6367:the original 6357: 6346:. Retrieved 6342:the original 6332: 6321:. Retrieved 6317:the original 6307: 6295:. Retrieved 6286: 6277: 6265:. Retrieved 6256: 6244:. Retrieved 6235: 6223:. Retrieved 6219:the original 6208: 6198:February 18, 6196:. Retrieved 6192: 6182: 6170:. Retrieved 6166:the original 6161: 6151: 6139:. Retrieved 6135: 6125: 6113:. Retrieved 6109: 6099: 6090: 6081: 6072: 6063: 6054: 6045: 6034:. Retrieved 6029: 6020: 6009:. Retrieved 6004: 5995: 5984:. Retrieved 5980: 5971: 5960:. Retrieved 5956:the original 5946: 5934:. Retrieved 5929: 5920: 5909:. Retrieved 5905:the original 5900: 5891: 5880:. Retrieved 5875: 5866: 5853:. Retrieved 5849:the original 5844: 5834: 5822:. Retrieved 5818:the original 5813: 5804: 5792:. Retrieved 5788:the original 5784:News release 5783: 5774: 5762:. Retrieved 5758:the original 5753: 5744: 5732:. Retrieved 5728:the original 5724:News release 5723: 5714: 5702:. Retrieved 5698: 5689: 5677:. Retrieved 5672: 5663: 5651:. Retrieved 5647:News release 5646: 5637: 5625:. Retrieved 5614: 5605: 5596: 5587: 5575:. Retrieved 5571:the original 5561: 5547: 5535:. Retrieved 5526: 5514:. Retrieved 5510:the original 5500: 5488:. Retrieved 5484:the original 5474: 5462:. Retrieved 5458:the original 5453: 5444: 5432:. Retrieved 5428:the original 5418: 5406:. 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Retrieved 4892: 4804: 4797: 4600:802.3bq-2016 4506: 4486: 4479: 4450:1550 nm 4448: 4432:802.3bg-2011 4397: 4383:1310 nm 4381: 4364: 4357: 4352:40GBASE-PLR4 4327: 4315: 4300: 4286: 4274: 4260:802.3bm-2015 4246: 4225: 4211:1331 nm 4209:1311 nm 4207:1291 nm 4205:1271 nm 4203: 4187:802.3ba-2010 4159: 4122: 4105: 4075: 4054: 4040: 4023: 4014: 4012: 3979: 3964: 3960:40GBASE-eSR4 3923: 3903: 3887:802.3ba-2010 3869:(inter-rack) 3867:Data centres 3845: 3819:802.3ba-2010 3811: 3755:802.3ba-2010 3718: 3523:Performance 3409: 3405: 3374: 3360:802.3ct-2021 3327: 3317:1311 nm 3315: 3300: 3268: 3258:1311 nm 3256: 3241: 3209: 3199:1311 nm 3197: 3182: 3150: 3140:1311 nm 3138: 3124:802.3cu-2021 3119:100GBASE-LR1 3091: 3081:1311 nm 3079: 3065:802.3cu-2021 3060:100GBASE-FR1 3035: 3025:1311 nm 3023: 3009:802.3cd-2018 2972: 2960: 2946:802.3db-2022 2941:100GBASE-SR1 2909: 2897: 2883:802.3db-2022 2878:100GBASE-VR1 2842: 2825:802.3ck-2022 2820:100GBASE-CR1 2781:802.3ck-2022 2776:100GBASE-KR1 2761:(544,514) × 2736: 2713: 2705: 2701: 2680: 2666: 2656:802.3bm-2015 2648: 2611: 2595: 2581:802.3cd-2018 2576:100GBASE-SR2 2539: 2522:802.3cd-2018 2517:100GBASE-CR2 2477:802.3cd-2018 2472:100GBASE-KR2 2457:(544,514) × 2432: 2420: 2416: 2393: 2381: 2362: 2345: 2341: 2318: 2309:1331 nm 2307:1311 nm 2305:1291 nm 2303:1271 nm 2301: 2286: 2271: 2249: 2234: 2212: 2197: 2182: 2159: 2146: 2131: 2104: 2092:1331 nm 2090:1311 nm 2088:1291 nm 2086:1271 nm 2084: 2069: 2054: 2029: 2015:1310 nm 2013: 1998: 1985: 1981: 1956: 1944:802.3ba-2010 1939:100GBASE-ER4 1930: 1926: 1897: 1879: 1865:802.3ba-2010 1860:100GBASE-LR4 1837: 1816: 1798: 1783: 1750: 1746: 1725: 1711: 1696: 1687: 1685: 1642: 1626: 1612:802.3bm-2015 1607:100GBASE-SR4 1571: 1555:802.3bj-2010 1547: 1542:100GBASE-CR4 1531: 1522: 1487:802.3bj-2014 1482:100GBASE-KP4 1440:802.3bj-2014 1435:100GBASE-KR4 1420:(528,514) × 1395: 1385: 1344: 1325: 1267: 1253:802.3ba-2010 1184:802.3ba-2010 1176: 1139: 944:Performance 922: 919: 915: 911: 894: 890: 887: 860: 856: 852: 847:100GBASE-ZR 834:100GBASE-ER4 815:100GBASE-LR4 812:40GBASE-LR4 790:100GBASE-DR 772:100GBASE-SR4 767:40GBASE-SR4 739:100GBASE-CR4 734:40GBASE-CR4 720:100GBASE-KR4 717:40GBASE-KR4 683: 629: 610: 594: 591: 583: 574: 567: 560: 546: 537: 533: 525: 504: 489: 480: 476: 469: 440: 431: 420: 397: 386: 375: 364: 352: 303:JDS Uniphase 263:IEEE 802.3ba 260: 241: 229: 218: 206: 202: 198: 191: 183: 180: 177: 174: 170: 163: 160: 156: 153: 150: 147: 142: 138: 133: 129: 120: 115: 110: 105: 102: 97: 93: 90: 87: 71: 42: 38: 34: 30: 29: 8323:Synchronous 8298:Data center 7118:. p. 8 6225:January 18, 5981:veexinc.com 5936:15 November 5537:October 26, 5227:David Law. 5194:ieee802.org 4572:Symbol rate 4365:proprietary 4301:proprietary 4295:40GBASE-LX4 4255:40GBASE-ER4 4182:40GBASE-LR4 4106:proprietary 4083:wavelengths 4044:900 nm 4042:850 nm 4024:proprietary 3965:proprietary 3905:850 nm 3882:40GBASE-SR4 3806:40GBASE-CR4 3750:40GBASE-KR4 3669:Transceiver 3363:(CL153/154) 3355:100GBASE-ZR 3301:proprietary 3242:proprietary 3183:proprietary 3004:100GBASE-DR 2851:QSFP-DD800, 2670:900 nm 2668:850 nm 2597:850 nm 2363:proprietary 2287:proprietary 2250:proprietary 2198:proprietary 2147:proprietary 2070:proprietary 1999:proprietary 1784:proprietary 1715:900 nm 1713:850 nm 1697:proprietary 1628:850 nm 1333:, Jan 2010) 1326:proprietary 1269:850 nm 1090:Transceiver 827:40GBASE-ER4 798:40GBASE-FR 632:full-duplex 607:form factor 518:line card 194:Moore's law 144:parameters. 8458:Categories 8374:Interfaces 8308:Industrial 8288:Automotive 8267:Long Reach 8189:First mile 8153:IEEE 802.3 8044:family of 7988:2016-08-24 7929:2013-07-04 7897:2019-02-04 7810:2018-09-21 7789:2018-08-26 7768:2018-08-29 7715:2021-05-26 7691:2022-09-16 7670:2022-09-16 7649:2018-08-28 7625:2018-08-28 7538:2018-08-28 7514:2018-08-28 7490:2018-08-28 7466:2020-07-27 7439:2018-08-28 7415:2018-08-28 7391:2018-08-29 7362:2018-08-29 7331:2018-08-28 7272:2021-10-22 6899:2011-09-05 6846:2011-09-05 6779:2011-09-05 6748:2011-09-05 6723:2011-09-05 6587:2011-09-05 6444:2018-11-30 6419:2018-11-30 6373:2015-06-08 6348:2015-06-08 6323:2015-06-08 6036:2017-02-09 6011:2017-02-09 5986:2017-02-09 5962:2017-02-09 5911:2015-10-22 5882:2015-10-22 5245:2018-11-30 5229:"P802.3ck" 5199:2015-02-19 4995:2013-01-14 4936:2013-06-22 4866:References 4829:InfiniBand 4633:Cat 8 4577:Bandwidth 4427:40GBASE-FR 4368:(non IEEE) 4304:(non IEEE) 4027:(non IEEE) 4017:rectional) 3968:(non IEEE) 3840:(SFF-8635) 3665:Connector 3520:Introduced 3517:Fibre type 3486:Mirroring 2845:SFP-DD112, 2549:(SFF-8665) 2542:microQSFP, 2253:(non IEEE) 1700:(non IEEE) 1690:rectional) 1576:(SFF-8665) 1338:phase-out 1261:phase-out 1205:(SFF-8642) 1192:phase-out 1086:Connector 941:Introduced 938:Fibre type 753:40GBASE-T 748:Category 8 672:optimized 644:Support a 589:standard. 275:coarse WDM 8262:LattisNet 8257:100BaseVG 8232:10BASE-FL 8227:10BASE-FB 8222:10BROAD36 8122:EtherType 7853:"CFP MSA" 6504:CNN Money 5932:. 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