196:
960:
95:
940:
221:
27:
980:
1647:
111:
683:, The French government and loyalists regarded the nickel as one of its strategic assets, as well as an important source of income and employment for the islanders, while separatists were sceptical of the benefits to them with foreign companies operating the plants, as well as criticising pollution from the industry and its effect on the vital local sectors of agriculture and fisheries.
526:, the first referendum on independence, was held the following year on 13 September 1987, but independence was rejected by a large majority, with 842 people (1.7%) voting for independence and 48,611 people (98.3%) voting to remain a part of France. Many pro-independence groups, such as the
633:
As a consequence of these restrictions, in the 2018 referendum 35,948 registered voters on the general list were thus excluded from the vote, equating to 17.11% out of a total of 210,105 registered voters on the general electoral roll. Vote restriction restricts the voting power of recent
909:
was scheduled for 12 December 2021. This third referendum resulted in an overwhelming rejection of independence, with 96.49% of the electorate voting against independence and 3.51% for independence. However, turnout was significantly lower than in past referendums at only 43.90%.
866:
With a turnout of 85.6 percent, 53.26 percent of voters opted for "no", with the result that the islands remain French. This was a lower figure than the 2018 poll, in which 56.7 percent voted "no". Results were strongly polarised geographically, with 71 percent of
432:
Independence was rejected, with 53.26 percent of voters opposing such a change, a slight drop from the 2018 result in which 56.7 percent voted "no". Turnout was 85.69 percent. The Nouméa Accord permitted one further referendum to be held, should the
1464:
901:
expressed gratitude for the result, thanking New
Caledonians for their "vote of confidence" in the Republic. He also acknowledged those who had backed independence, calling for dialogue between all sides to map out the future of the region.
693:
The referendum was held on 4 October 2020. Voting on the day was largely held peacefully, although
Loyalists alleged that there was intimidation and racist targeting of European Caledonian voters by Kanaks in a few localities.
553:
and the main independence and anti-independence parties, set in motion a 20-year transition period that transferred certain powers to the local government and laid the groundwork for an independence referendum
1287:
565:, New Caledonians are allowed up to three referendums on independence; the first in 2018, then two more in 2020 and 2022 if the previous ones had not resulted in independence, but one-third of members of the
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1762:
1757:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1525:
858:
894:, leader of Les Loyalistes, called for dialogue between the two sides although she acknowledged that it might be necessary to hold the third referendum before such a dialogue could commence.
1054:
1536:
1514:
511:, there is significant inequality in income distribution, with many claiming that the mining revenue benefits people outside the territory and its (declining) mining communities.
629:
Born after 31 December 1988 and reached voting age before the referendum, with at least one parent who was on the electoral roll (or qualified to do so) for the 1998 referendum.
1613:
1469:
1424:
1554:
1503:
1168:
600:
The referendum was held using a special electoral roll. Potential voters had to be registered on the general electoral roll, and also meet one of the secondary criteria:
1437:
1291:
1573:
1492:
1084:
882:
As this was the second of three permitted independence referendums, it was expected that there may be a third and final referendum at some point before 2022.
519:
1361:
400:
1635:
234:
1591:
258:
1379:
905:
In April 2021, 26 pro-independence members of
Congress requested that a third vote take place. On 2 June, the French government announced that the
1772:
280:
239:
1893:
1465:"Référendum en Nouvelle-Calédonie : le "non" à l'indépendance l'emporte avec 53,26% des voix, contre 56,7% lors du premier scrutin en 2018"
1265:
1233:
1185:
1109:
605:
1314:
1643:
1878:
585:
527:
496:
1335:
1080:
246:
614:
Failed to meet the requirements to be on the 1998 electoral roll solely due to absence related to family, medical or professional reasons;
1908:
1898:
1883:
1021:
906:
570:
555:
523:
438:
426:
346:
336:
331:
1399:
515:
289:
275:
1031:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1767:
1752:
319:
314:
309:
304:
1958:
1888:
393:
503:
frustrated with their lower socio-economic status and lack of involvement in the economy, seen as problems caused by the French
1628:
195:
890:, expressed a hope that the shift in vote share towards the "yes" camp would lead to a successful third referendum. Meanwhile
373:
1963:
1537:
Référendum en
Nouvelle-Calédonie : Des loyalistes déposent un recours pour annuler les résultats de 9 bureaux de vote
1150:"Neukaledonien (Frankreich), 13. September 1987 : Unabhängigkeit / Verbleib bei Frankreich -- [in German]"
386:
1249:
879:, voted "yes" by 76 percent and 82 percent respectively. In almost every commune, the share of "yes" votes increased.
487:
work, and ultimately confined to reservations. Between 1976 and 1988, conflicts between the French government and the
1953:
1621:
589:
1973:
1943:
680:
660:(Nationalist Movement for the Sovereignty of Kanaky), representing parties who supported independence, and the
508:
1968:
985:
965:
872:
868:
687:
673:
617:
Having civil customary status, or born in New
Caledonia and have their material interests in the territory;
492:
665:
1651:
534:
450:
356:
295:
1948:
1922:
1659:
1230:
1026:
566:
434:
270:
211:
1526:
Nouvelle-Calédonie : Les
Loyalistes contestent les conditions du référendum sur l’indépendance
945:
876:
504:
1574:"Référendum en Nouvelle-Calédonie : l'écart se resserre entre loyalistes et indépendantistes"
545:, set up a ten-year period of stability and made certain provisions for the Kanak population. The
414:
690:
announced it would call for its supporters to vote for independence in the upcoming referendum.
686:
After abstaining from participating in the 2018 referendum, in July 2020 the anti-globalisation
581:
626:
Born before 1 January 1989 and have had their residence in New
Caledonia between 1988 and 1998
620:
At least one parent born in New
Caledonia and have their material interests in the territory;
1055:"'Tonight France is more beautiful': Macron hails New Caledonia's rejection of independence"
1555:"VIDÉO. Que retenir du deuxième référendum sur l'indépendance en Nouvelle-Calédonie ?"
1515:
Référendum : des
Loyalistes demandent l'annulation des résultats de 9 bureaux de vote
1357:
550:
263:
1130:
8:
1380:"Nouvelle-Calédonie : loyalistes et indépendantistes se disputent le nickel de Goro"
664:
who wanted the territory to remain French. Les
Loyalistes included the political parties
1085:"Prov2 – Principales caractéristiques des individus, par province de résidence et genre"
1339:
1266:"Référendum en Nouvelle-Calédonie: pourquoi les "Zoreille" n'ont pas le droit de voter"
538:
1438:"Nouvelle-Calédonie : le non à l'indépendance l'emporte à 53,26 % des voix"
611:
Qualified to be on the electoral roll for the 1998 referendum, but were not enrolled;
1493:
Référendum en Nouvelle-Calédonie : suivez la soirée électorale et les résultats
1206:"New Caledonia referendum: South Pacific territory rejects independence from France"
507:. Though GDP per capita (nominal) is high at $ 38,921 and though New Caledonia is a
887:
577:
464:
1504:
Que retenir du deuxième référendum sur l’indépendance en Nouvelle-Calédonie ?
562:
546:
422:
361:
1362:"Nouvelle-Calédonie: un front loyaliste prône un statut "pérenne dans la France""
1237:
898:
542:
483:
from 1864 to 1897, and the Kanaks were excluded from the French economy and from
891:
1205:
669:
623:
At least 20 years of continuous residence in New Caledonia by 31 December 2014;
573:
was held in November 2018, with voters rejecting independence by 56.7 percent.
1425:
Nouvelle-Calédonie. Le référendum sur l’indépendance se déroulera le 4 octobre
1937:
1646:
421:
on 4 October 2020. The poll was the second to be held under the terms of the
418:
1384:
1149:
65:
Do you want New Caledonia to attain full sovereignty and become independent?
1558:
1147:
1114:
500:
480:
472:
220:
1592:"French territory of New Caledonia to hold third independence referendum"
871:
residents rejecting independence, while the smaller other two provinces,
468:
251:
1290:(in French). Government of New Caledonia. 27 August 2018. Archived from
1288:"Le corps électoral : la liste spéciale pour le référendum (LESC)"
883:
488:
456:
1353:
1169:"Nouvelle-Calédonie : 5 questions sur le référendum de dimanche"
636:
1110:"New Caledonia referendum: call to reject 'colonising power' France"
1577:
1209:
1336:"New Caledonia set for 2nd referendum on independence from France"
1315:"The New Caledonian Referendum on Independence (Part 2): The Vote"
1186:
New Caledonia referendum: call to reject 'colonising power' France
1128:
491:
saw periods of serious violence and disorder (culminating in the
641:
484:
476:
460:
1352:
471:, as well as other settlers, have since made the indigenous
1572:
Mathieu Bock (5 October 2020). Mathilde Durand (ed.).
1131:"Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories (1945-1999)"
475:
a minority (27%, 11% and 39% respectively in the 2014
658:
Mouvement nationaliste pour la souveraineté de Kanaky
520:
United Nations list of non-self-governing territories
1328:
1148:Database and Search Engine for Direct Democracy.
654:Front de libération nationale kanak et socialiste
1935:
1552:
1400:"New Caledonia Labour Party wants independence"
1377:
451:New Caledonia § French overseas territory
1629:
586:Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front
528:Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front
394:
1571:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1166:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1312:
1260:
1258:
1022:2019 Bougainvillean independence referendum
681:the exploitation of nickel in New Caledonia
19:2020 New Caledonian independence referendum
1652:Elections and referendums in New Caledonia
1636:
1622:
1373:
1371:
672:, while the secessionists were led by the
524:1987 New Caledonia independence referendum
516:United Nations Committee on Decolonization
401:
387:
1250:La liste électorale spéciale consultation
1191:
1032:Proposed Chuukese independence referendum
640:—and enlarges the voting power of native
1541:
1255:
697:
1368:
1129:The United Nations and Decolonization.
1936:
1427:(in French) Ouest France, 24 June 2020
647:
644:, and was long sought after by FLNKS.
592:requested another referendum be held.
1617:
1107:
845:
834:
823:
812:
801:
753:
1049:
1047:
1923:Elections and referendums in France
1553:Yves-Marie ROBIN (4 October 2020).
1268:(in French). Slate. 3 November 2018
679:Campaign issues included rights to
13:
1430:
1378:Antoine Pecquet (1 October 2020).
604:Was on the electoral roll for the
518:has included New Caledonia on the
14:
1985:
1224:
1044:
1645:
1079:
978:
958:
938:
886:, of the pro-independence party
259:Vice President of the Government
219:
194:
109:
93:
25:
1584:
1565:
1530:
1519:
1508:
1497:
1486:
1457:
1418:
1392:
1346:
1306:
1280:
1243:
1167:Aude Bariéty (4 October 2018).
590:National Union for Independence
479:). The territory was used as a
1959:October 2020 events in Oceania
1179:
1160:
1141:
1122:
1101:
1073:
913:
1:
1037:
530:(FLNKS), boycotted the vote.
444:
1964:Referendums in New Caledonia
1108:Lyons, Kate (17 July 2018).
595:
537:, signed on 26 June 1988 by
495:in 1988), with the emerging
7:
1015:
859:Government of New Caledonia
569:voted for another one. The
549:, signed 5 May 1998 by the
497:Kanak independence movement
455:New Caledonia was formally
441:was held in December 2021.
247:President of the Government
10:
1990:
1188:The Guardian, 17 July 2018
652:Campaigns were run by the
634:inhabitants—also known as
499:gaining support from many
448:
427:similar referendum in 2018
1917:
1871:
1658:
1027:Decolonisation of Oceania
920:
856:
846:Registered voters/turnout
797:
786:
775:
764:
759:
756:
740:
732:
727:
719:
715:
711:
706:
567:Congress of New Caledonia
493:Ouvéa cave hostage taking
435:Congress of New Caledonia
212:Politics of New Caledonia
193:
184:
169:Registered voters/turnout
87:
84:
75:
70:
63:
39:
23:
1954:Independence referendums
877:Loyalty Islands Province
576:In 2019, members of the
509:major producer of nickel
1660:Parliamentary elections
561:In accordance with the
415:independence referendum
140:Invalid or blank votes
1231:Le Deuxième référendum
582:Future with Confidence
1974:Separatism in Oceania
1944:2020 in New Caledonia
1322:bellschool.anu.edu.au
698:Results and aftermath
666:L'Avenir en confiance
608:on the Nouméa Accord;
489:independence movement
1969:Separatism in France
1360:(7 September 2020).
1358:Agence France Presse
921:Results by province
264:Isabelle Champmoreau
1236:31 May 2020 at the
750:
648:Campaign and voting
535:Matignon Agreements
357:Matignon Agreements
20:
1061:. 12 December 2021
749:
539:Jean-Marie Tjibaou
437:vote for it. This
200:Results by commune
18:
1931:
1930:
1342:. 3 October 2020.
1313:Scott Robertson.
1294:on 2 January 2019
1013:
1012:
897:French president
864:
863:
745:
744:
551:French government
411:
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290:Political parties
235:High Commissioner
205:
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1981:
1949:2020 referendums
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1473:. 4 October 2020
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1212:. 4 October 2020
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907:third referendum
888:Caledonian Union
751:
748:
704:
703:
656:(FLNKS) and the
588:(FLNKS) and the
578:Caledonian Union
514:Since 1986, the
439:third referendum
403:
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1598:. 2 June 2021
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563:Nouméa Accord
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463:in 1853, and
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330:Referendums:
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303:Legislative:
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1903:
1600:. Retrieved
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1559:Ouest France
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1521:
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1488:
1475:. Retrieved
1468:
1459:
1446:. Retrieved
1441:
1432:
1420:
1408:. Retrieved
1403:
1394:
1388:(in French).
1383:
1364:(in French).
1348:
1330:
1321:
1308:
1296:. Retrieved
1292:the original
1282:
1270:. Retrieved
1252:Élections NC
1245:
1240:Élections NC
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1181:
1175:(in French).
1172:
1162:
1156:(in German).
1153:
1143:
1134:
1124:
1115:The Guardian
1113:
1103:
1091:. Retrieved
1075:
1063:. Retrieved
1058:
1007:
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904:
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892:Sonia Backès
881:
865:
692:
688:Labour Party
685:
678:
674:Labour Party
661:
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653:
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635:
632:
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575:
560:
532:
513:
505:exploitation
481:penal colony
454:
431:
417:was held in
412:
341:
161:
156:
151:
129:Valid votes
122:
117:
46:
15:
1872:Referendums
1154:www.sudd.ch
1065:12 December
914:By province
835:Total votes
824:Blank votes
802:Valid votes
469:Polynesians
252:Louis Mapou
152:Total votes
1938:Categories
1921:See also:
1385:Libération
1340:Al Jazeera
1298:4 November
1272:5 November
1135:www.un.org
1038:References
884:Daniel Goa
707:Vote share
662:loyalistes
449:See also:
445:Background
1477:4 October
1448:4 October
1354:Le Figaro
1216:4 October
1093:24 August
1059:France 24
926:Province
637:Zoreilles
596:Franchise
465:Europeans
296:elections
276:President
1596:France24
1578:Europe 1
1234:Archived
1210:BBC News
1016:See also
857:Source:
668:and the
271:Congress
173:180,799
132:153,036
1773:1946–47
849:180,779
838:154,918
805:153,036
790:153,036
776:Against
737:
724:
556:in 2018
522:. The
457:annexed
294:Recent
176:85.69%
162:100.00%
157:154,918
135:98.79%
104:46.74%
101:71,533
71:Results
1602:3 June
1410:8 July
1173:FIGARO
1008:53.26%
1003:46.74%
983:
963:
943:
841:100.00
793:100.00
779:81,503
768:71,533
754:Choice
741:53.26%
728:46.74%
642:Kanaks
584:, the
501:Kanaks
485:mining
477:census
473:Kanaks
461:France
146:1.21%
143:1,882
123:53.26%
118:81,503
85:Votes
81:Choice
1318:(PDF)
1088:(XLS)
998:Total
986:South
966:North
852:85.69
816:1,027
808:98.79
787:Total
782:53.26
771:46.74
757:Votes
571:first
1909:2021
1904:2020
1899:2018
1894:1998
1889:1988
1884:1987
1879:1958
1863:2019
1858:2014
1853:2009
1848:2004
1843:1999
1838:1995
1833:1989
1828:1988
1823:1985
1818:1984
1813:1979
1808:1977
1803:1972
1798:1967
1793:1962
1788:1958
1783:1957
1778:1953
1768:1945
1763:1940
1758:1937
1753:1934
1748:1931
1743:1928
1738:1925
1733:1922
1728:1920
1723:1913
1718:1910
1713:1907
1708:1904
1703:1901
1698:1898
1693:1896
1688:1895
1683:1892
1678:1889
1673:1886
1668:1885
1604:2021
1479:2020
1450:2020
1412:2020
1300:2018
1274:2018
1218:2020
1095:2015
1081:ISEE
1067:2021
992:71%
970:76%
950:82%
929:Yes
875:and
830:0.55
819:0.66
541:and
533:The
467:and
347:2021
342:2020
337:2018
332:1987
320:2019
315:2014
310:2009
305:2004
98:Yes
1404:RNZ
932:No
827:855
765:For
720:Yes
459:by
413:An
114:No
1940::
1594:.
1543:^
1467:.
1440:.
1402:.
1382:.
1370:^
1356:;
1338:.
1320:.
1257:^
1208:.
1193:^
1171:.
1152:.
1133:.
1112:.
1083:.
1057:.
1046:^
733:No
676:.
580:,
558:.
429:.
88:%
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1069:.
760:%
402:e
395:t
388:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
