1376:. The Jerusalem Talmud is often fragmentary and difficult to read, even for experienced Talmudists. The redaction of the Babylonian Talmud, on the other hand, is more careful and precise. The traditional explanation for this difference was the idea that the redactors of the Jerusalem Talmud had to finish their work abruptly. A more probable explanation is the fact that the Babylonian Talmud wasn't redacted for at least another 200 years, in which a broad discursive framework was created. The law as laid down in the two compilations is basically similar, except in emphasis and in minor details. In a novel view,
1248:(ed. Bomberg, Venice, 1523 et seq.), based on the Leiden manuscript and on which all later editions are based, terminates with the following remark: "Thus far we have found what is contained in this Talmud; and we have endeavored in vain to obtain the missing portions." Of the four manuscripts used for this first edition (comp. the note at the conclusion of Shab. xx. 17d and the passage just cited), only one is now in existence; it is preserved in the library of the University of Leyden (see
44:
1357:
1267:
2666:
1981:
as the
Jerusalem Talmud (Talmud Yerushalmi), a more accurate name for this text is either "Palestinian Talmud" or "Talmud of the Land of Israel." Indeed, for most of the amoraic age, under both Rome and Byzantium, Jews were prohibited from living in the holy city, and the centers of Jewish population
1105:
Current perspectives on the dating of the closure of the text of the
Palestinian Talmud rely on an understanding of activity of rabbinic scholarship and literary production, identifying datable historical datapoints mentioned by the text, and its reliance on and citation by other datable (or roughly
1422:
The
Babylonian Talmud records the opinions of the rabbis of Israel as well as of those of Babylonia, while the Jerusalem Talmud seldom cites the Babylonian rabbis. The Babylonian version contains the opinions of more generations because of its later date of completion. For both these reasons, it is
1184:
In addition, each chapter of the
Jerusalem Talmud (paralleling a chapter of Mishnah) is divided into "halachot"; each "halacha" is the commentary on a single short passage of Mishnah. Passages in the Jerusalem Talmud are generally references by a combination of chapter and halacha (i.e., Yerushalmi
1645:
edition. In addition to his commentary, Sirilio worked to remove mistakes made by manuscript copyists that over time had slipped into the text of the
Jerusalem Talmud and his amended text of the Gemara is reproduced alongside his commentary in the Vilna and Mutzal Mi'Eish editions of the Jerusalem
1461:
Whatever we find in the
Jerusalem Talmud and there is nothing that contradicts it in our own Talmud (i.e. the Babylonian Talmud), or which gives a nice explanation for its matters of discourse, we can hold-on to it and rely upon it, for it is not to be viewed as inferior to the commentaries of the
1133:
The dating of the
Palestinian Talmud is definitively prior to that of the Babylonian Talmud, which heavily relies on it. The Babylonian Talmud was composed at some time between the mid-sixth century to the early-seventh century, but prior to the onset of the Arab conquests. This provides an upper
1435:
The influence of the
Babylonian Talmud has been far greater than that of the Jerusalem Talmud. In the main, this is because the influence and prestige of the Jewish community of Israel steadily declined in contrast with the Babylonian community in the years after the redaction of the Talmud and
2054:
The general designation of the
Palestinian Talmud as "Talmud Yerushalmi," or simply as "Yerushalmi," is precisely analogous to that of the Palestinian Targum. The term originated in the geonic period, when, however, the work received also the more precise designations of "Talmud of Palestine,"
1448:
Anything that has been decided halachically in our Talmud (i.e. the
Babylonian Talmud), we do not rely on the Jerusalem Talmud, seeing that many years have passed since instruction coming from there (i.e. the Land of Israel) had ceased on account of persecution, whereas here (i.e. in
1380:
describes the longer discursive passages in the Babylonian Talmud as the "Stammaitic" layer of redaction, and believe that it was added later than the rest: if one were to remove the "Stammaitic" passages, the remaining text would be quite similar in character to the Jerusalem Talmud.
1498:
The Babylonian Talmud has traditionally been studied more widely and has had a greater influence on the halakhic tradition than the Jerusalem Talmud. However, some traditions associated with the Jerusalem Talmud are reflected in certain forms of the liturgy, particularly those of the
1113:
activity in Syria Palaestina after the 370s implies that the text was closed by around 370. However, reference to historical events from around or even slightly after 370 may push the earliest possible date to the late 4th century. For example, the Roman general
1396:. The reason might be that most laws from the Orders Zeraim (agricultural laws limited to the land of Israel) had little practical relevance in Babylonia and were therefore not included. The Jerusalem Talmud has a greater focus on the Land of Israel and the
1118:, who had a public role between 351 and 359, is mentioned several times in a legendary context, suggesting that these references are somewhat later than his public career. Furthermore, there is also a reference to the Persian campaign of the Roman emperor
1787:, Walter de Gruyter. This edition, which is a complete one for the entire Jerusalem Talmud, is a scholarly translation based on the editio princeps and upon the existing manuscripts. The text is fully vocalized and followed by an extensive commentary.
901:
found in Yemen, additions which are now incorporated in every printed edition of the Jerusalem Talmud. These Yemenite fragments, a consequence of isolation the Yemenite community, are important as source material (as evidenced below).
1166:
Moed: Shabbat (2a–18a); Eruvin (18a–26d); Pesachim (27a–37d); Yoma (38a–45c); Shekalim (45c–51b); Sukkah (51c–55d); Rosh ha-Shanah (56a–59d); Beẓah (59d–63b), Ta'anit (63c–69c); Megillah (69d–75d); Ḥagigah (75d–79d); Mo'ed Ḳaṭan
1777:(n.b. Fully translated in Hebrew and English. The 51-Volume set is the first and only Orthodox non-academic English translation of the Jerusalem Talmud, the series was completed and available for purchase as of March 6, 2022.)
1542:, excerpts and explains many sections of the Jerusalem Talmud in his commentary to the Mishnah of Seder Zeraim. His work, however, is focused on the Mishnah and is not a comprehensive commentary on the entire Jerusalem Talmud.
1715:
published a commentary on tractates Berakhot through Nedarim (roughly 70% of the Jerusalem Talmud), considered by many to be the clearest commentary. Most of it is reprinted in the Oz Vehadar edition of the Yerushalmi. Rabbi
1423:
regarded as a more comprehensive collection of the opinions available. On the other hand, because of the centuries of redaction between the composition of the Jerusalem and the Babylonian Talmud, the opinions of early
1093:. It was thought that the compilers of the Jerusalem Talmud worked to collect the rulings of the Sanhedrin and lacked the time to produce a work of the quality they had intended and that this is the reason why the
1470:
In addition, the Jerusalem Talmud remains an indispensable source of knowledge of the development of the Jewish Law in the Holy Land. It was also an important resource in the study of the Babylonian Talmud by the
1252:). Of the six orders of the Mishnah, the fifth, Ḳodashim, is missing entirely from the Palestinian Talmud, while the sixth, Ṭohorot, contains only the first three chapters of the treatise Niddah (iv. 48d–51b).
774:. It was compiled between the late fourth century to the first half of the fifth century. Both versions of the Talmud have two parts, the Mishnah (of which there is only one version), which was finalized by
1720:
wrote the Toledot Yitzchak and Tevuna commentaries on tractates Berakhot through Rosh Hashanah (roughly 70% of the Jerusalem Talmud), which was published from his manuscript by the Mutzal Me-esh Institute.
1173:
Nezikin (and Tohorot): Bava Kamma (2a–7c); Bava Metziah (7c–12c); Bava Batra (12d–17d); Sanhedrin (17d–30c); Makkot (30d–32b); Shevuot (32c–38d); Avodah Zarah (39a–45b); Horayot (45c–48c); Niddah (48d–51b).
1162:
Zeraim: Berakhot (2a–14d); Pe'ah (15a–21b); Demai (21c–26c); Kilayim (26d–32d); Sheviit (33a–39d); Terumot (40a–48b); Maasrot (48c–52a); Maaser Sheni (52b–58d); Hallah (57a–60b); Orlah (60c–63b); Bikkurim
1753:
The first volume, Berakhoth, was translated into English in 1886 by Dr. Moses Schwab, under the title "The Talmud of Jerusalem" . The author has an earlier translation into French, which covers many more
2446:(Simha Assaf), pp. 125–126. The original Hebrew and Aramaic: ומילתא דפסיקא בתלמוד דילנא לא סמכינן בה על תלמודא דבני ארץ ישראל הואיל ושנים רבות איפסיקא הוראה מתמן בשמאדא והכא הוא דאיתבררי מסקני
1089:(formal scholarly ordination). The redaction of the Jerusalem Talmud was done to codify the laws of the Sanhedrin as the redaction of the Mishnah had similarly done during the time of
1384:
Neither the Jerusalem nor the Babylonian Talmud covers the entire Mishnah: for example, a Babylonian Gemara exists only for 37 out of the 63 tractates of the Mishnah. In particular:
1602:, however, wrote commentaries on all or major portions of the Jerusalem Talmud, and as with the Babylonian Talmud, many also wrote on individual tractates of the Jerusalem Talmud.
782:. The Gemara is what differentiates the Jerusalem Talmud from its Babylonian counterpart. The Jerusalem Gemara contains the written discussions of generations of rabbis of the
2771:
2482:(Responsum of Rabbi Hai Gaon). The original Hebrew: כל מה שמצינו בתלמוד ארץ ישראל ואין חולק עליו בתלמודנו, או שנותן טעם יפה לדבריו נאחזנו ונסמוך עליו, דלא גרע מפירושי הראשונים
2093:"The two versions also use different dialects, the Palestinian being written in a mixture of Hebrew and west-Aramaic, the Babylonian in a mixture of Hebrew and east-Aramaic."
1411:, while the Babylonian Talmud does cover it. It is not clear why this is, as the laws were not directly applicable in either country following the Temple's 70 CE destruction.
2519:
1767:, others. University of Chicago Press. This translation uses a form-analytical presentation which makes the logical units of discourse easier to identify and follow.
1418:(ritual purity laws related to the Temple and sacrificial system) is examined, since the other tractates deal exclusively with Temple-related laws of ritual purity.
2803:
1122:
from 363. While less clear, there is also confidence that the Roman official "Proclus" named by the Palestinian Talmud corresponds to a Roman official also named
2917:
1740:, who planned a translation into modern Hebrew and accompanying explanation similar to his work on the Babylonian Talmud before his death. So far only Tractates
1982:
had shifted northwards... The Palestinian Talmud emerged primarily from the activity of the sages of Tiberias and Sepphoris, with some input, perhaps entire
1242:
Yerushalmi has not been preserved in its entirety; large portions of it were entirely lost at an early date, while other parts exist only in fragments. The
1592:
1588:
1106:
datable) texts. Broadly, the Palestinian Talmud is dated at some time from the second half of the fourth century to the first half of the fifth century.
2764:
3015:
2912:
2586:
2514:
2534:
1440:. Furthermore, the editing of the Babylonian Talmud was superior to that of the Jerusalem version, making it more accessible and readily usable.
2606:
1774:
1764:
822:(6th–11th century CE), alongside other terms such as "Talmud of the Land of Israel," "Talmud of the West," and "Talmud of the Western Lands."
3010:
2757:
674:
2881:
2070:
869:). Because of their location, the sages of these Academies devoted considerable attention to the analysis of the agricultural laws of the
2591:
1170:
Nashim: Yebamot (2a–15a); Sotah (15a–24c); Ketuvot (24c–36b); Nedarim (36c–42d); Gittin (43a–50d); Nazir (51a–58a); Kiddushin (58a–66d).
1181:, thus it contains four sub-pages (i.e., 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), in contrast to the Babylonian Talmud which only has two sub-pages (7a, 7b).
1806:
1641:
but the commentary for the entire Seder Zeraim appears in the Mutzal Mi'Eish edition of the Jerusalem Talmud and is reprinted in the
274:
2492:
1134:
absolute boundary as to when the Palestinian Talmud could have been compiled. To further push down the upper boundary, some lines (
1060:(Hebrew), Jerusalem 1929. Both editors noted that this manuscript is full of gross errors but also retains some valuable readings.
1368:
There are significant differences between the two Talmud compilations. The language of the Jerusalem Talmud is Jewish Aramaic, a
1277:
2636:
2004:
Between the Babylonian and Palestinian Talmuds: Accounting for Halakhic Difference in Selected Sugyot from Tractate Avodah Zarah
2132:(Revelation of Ancient Yemenite Treasures), Holon (Israel) 1971, pp. 19–29 (article: "Fragment of Mishnah and Jerusalem Talmud
1851:
Bokser, Baruch M. (1981). "An Annotated Bibliographical Guide to the Study of the Palestinian Talmud". In Jacob Neusner (ed.).
1335:
858:
783:
2349:(in Hebrew). Vol. 8. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, in affiliation with the Israel Ministry of Defence. p. 36.
2326:
2301:
2012:
1970:
1903:
1876:
1828:
1688:
on most of the Talmud. The goal of all three of these commentaries is to explain the simple meaning of the Talmud similar to
1307:
1548:(died c.1210) wrote a commentary to much of the Jerusalem Talmud, which was quoted by other rishonim but has now been lost.
2712:
1123:
2704:
2342:
802:
This version of the Talmud is frequently named the Jerusalem Talmud or the Palestinian Talmud. The latter name, after the
3020:
3005:
1534:, but explanations of many individual passages can be found in the literature of the Rishonim. Most significantly, Rabbi
171:
1457:
However, on the Jerusalem Talmud's continued importance for the understanding of arcane matters, Hai ben Sherira wrote:
1314:
2479:
1940:
905:
The Leiden manuscript is important in that it preserves some earlier variants to textual readings, such as in Tractate
818:
rather than from Jerusalem, where no Jews lived at the time. The use of the parallel terms dates to the period of the
2416:
667:
1321:
939:), saying with a play on words: "The members of Isse's household would say in the name of Isse: Why is it called
269:
264:
1400:'s agricultural laws pertaining to the land because it was written in the Land of Israel where the laws applied.
1292:
1073:
Traditionally, the redaction of this Talmud was thought to have been brought to an abrupt end around 425, when
1185:
Sotah 1:1), by a page in the Venice edition (i.e., Yerushalmi Sotah 15a), or both (Yerushalmi Sotah 1:1 15a).
2471:
1303:
1154:
In the initial Venice edition, the Jerusalem Talmud was published in four volumes, corresponding to separate
463:
2845:
1661:
1209:, several tractates and parts of tractates are missing from the Jerusalem Talmud. The last four chapters of
2932:
2896:
2824:
1811:
1717:
1115:
660:
2167:
977:
886:
2734:
2373:
1932:
1535:
1483:, with the result that opinions ultimately based on the Jerusalem Talmud found their way into both the
839:
771:
2974:
1373:
1369:
890:
847:
843:
222:
166:
2614:
1044:(without the Mishnah for the Tractates, excepting only the Mishnah to the 2nd chapter of Berakhot).
2850:
1732:; another edition in preparation, including paraphrases and explanatory notes in modern Hebrew, is
1229:
from the Jerusalem Talmud is printed in printings of both the Jerusalem and the Babylonian Talmud.
488:
397:
2808:
2684:
2037:
1986:, from the sages of the "south" (Lydda, modern Lod) and the coastal plain, most notably Caesarea.
1650:
1249:
885:(Or. 4720) is today the only extant complete manuscript of the Jerusalem Talmud and available at
882:
359:
259:
2886:
2876:
998:
980:
has digitised both volumes of the manuscript and made it available in its Digital Collections.
701:
576:
1960:
1893:
1328:
2891:
1866:
1784:
1685:
1500:
1476:
304:
2744:
1621:. Sirilio's commentary remained in manuscript form until 1875, when it was first printed in
1579:
The only surviving commentaries of Rishonim on the Jerusalem Talmud are the commentaries to
1126:, who became the governor of Palestine around 380 and eventually climbed to the position of
2032:
458:
379:
17:
2679:
1288:
8:
2738:
1580:
1377:
1234:
1226:
1218:
1078:
831:
374:
364:
354:
299:
35:
2055:"Talmud of the Land of Israel," "Talmud of the West," and "Talmud of the Western Lands."
2749:
2382:
2042:
1956:
1626:
1198:
815:
803:
754:
738:
384:
369:
334:
2644:
2412:
2350:
2322:
2297:
2111:
2008:
1966:
1936:
1899:
1872:
1824:
1820:
1634:
1614:
1393:
907:
866:
791:
538:
412:
254:
2405:
1605:
One of the first of the Acharonim to write a commentary on the Jerusalem Talmud was
2278:
2171:
1816:
1559:
1555:
1514:, there was some interest in restoring Jerusalem Talmud's traditions. For example,
1480:
1210:
1119:
513:
443:
402:
324:
319:
2110:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1–4 (facsimile ed.). Jerusalem: Makor Publishing Ltd.
1217:, are missing. Niddah ends abruptly after the first lines of chapter 4. Tractates
3000:
2979:
2958:
2927:
2855:
2840:
2798:
2400:
2345:(1980). "Ḥūrvat Parwah – Synagogue of 'Reḥob' (חורבת פרוה - בית-הכנסת של רחוב)".
2002:
1737:
1712:
1673:
1606:
1545:
1515:
1441:
1244:
1222:
1202:
1143:
984:
932:
920:
761:
692:
606:
528:
448:
392:
148:
2175:
1692:'s commentary on the Bavli, and the authors each wrote an additional commentary—
897:
of the Leiden manuscript do not appear in extant fragments of the same Talmudic
2937:
2922:
2675:
2028:
1895:
Religion and Contemporary Management: Moses as a Model for Effective Leadership
1853:
In The Study of Ancient Judaism. Vol. 2, The Palestinian and Babylonian Talmuds
1584:
1504:
1053:
1048:
printed variant readings from this manuscript on pp. 347–372 at the end of his
1045:
894:
870:
807:
742:
584:
571:
533:
508:
483:
294:
135:
1773:
Mesorah/ArtScroll. This translation is the counterpart to Mesorah/ArtScroll's
1566:, is one of the few surviving compositions of the Rishonim about all of Seder
893:
and shows elements of a later recension. The additions which are added in the
2994:
2670:
2354:
2194:
2115:
1760:
1488:
1408:
1090:
1074:
964:
775:
518:
453:
314:
309:
52:
43:
2780:
2474:, vol. 2, Benjamin Hirsch (Zvi) Auerbach’s edition, Halberstadt 1868, s.v.
2699:
2560:
2368:
2163:
1924:
1729:
1530:
There is no comprehensive commentary to the Jerusalem Talmud by any of the
1361:
1097:
do not comment upon the whole Mishnah, or that certain sections were lost.
640:
417:
2273:. In Bonfil, Robert; Talgam, Rina; Stroumsa, Guy G.; Irshai, Oded (eds.).
1522:
reflecting the practices found in the Jerusalem Talmud and other sources.
1284:
2722:
2709:
407:
216:
2669: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2386:
1868:
A Jewish Life on Three Continents: The Memoir of Menachem Mendel Frieden
834:
as a compilation of teachings of the schools of Tiberias, Caesarea, and
2953:
2860:
2716:
1962:
From Text to Tradition: A History of Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism
1758:
Talmud of the Land of Israel: A Preliminary Translation and Explanation
1642:
1492:
597:
523:
943:? It is because she pounds with him." The Hebrew word for "pound" is
830:
The Jerusalem Talmud probably originated in Tiberias in the School of
1677:
1599:
1450:
1082:
835:
746:
2550:
2275:
Jews in Byzantium : Dialectics of Minority and Majority Culture
2270:
1356:
1266:
2596:
in 1967, and reprinted in the Oz Vehadar edition of the Yerushalmi.
2538:
1983:
1741:
1656:
Today's modern printed editions almost all carry the commentaries,
1638:
1531:
1472:
1404:
1206:
1086:
912:
898:
862:
787:
778:
around the year 200 CE, and either the Babylonian or the Jerusalem
730:
2728:
810:– is considered more accurate, as the text originated mainly from
2564:
2371:(1979). "The Permitted Villages of Sebaste in the Reḥov Mosaic".
1705:
1573:
1484:
1424:
1415:
1110:
854:
811:
750:
749:—is considered more accurate, as the text originated mainly from
734:
619:
329:
236:
96:
83:
78:
69:
1427:
might be closer to their original form in the Jerusalem Talmud.
1407:, which deals with sacrificial rites and laws pertaining to the
1665:
1568:
1519:
1511:
1437:
1389:
1214:
1094:
993:
819:
779:
551:
115:
100:
2705:
The Leiden manuscript of the Jerusalem Talmud (Brief Overview)
2102:
2466:
edition, New-York 2010, Introduction, p. 19, who quotes from
1736:. The Jerusalem Talmud has also received some attention from
1689:
1622:
1397:
1178:
987:
is a late 13th-century – early 14th-century copy of Tractate
757:
rather than from Jerusalem, where no Jews lived at the time.
726:
562:
211:
191:
1225:
are missing from both the Jerusalem and Babylonian Talmuds.
2321:. Cambridge: Cambridge university press. pp. 122–123.
1680:
on the entire Talmud. The Vilna edition also includes the
1649:
Another 16th century commentary on the Yerushalmi is Rabbi
1618:
1360:
A page of a medieval Jerusalem Talmud manuscript, from the
1130:(Prefect of Constantinople) which he held between 388–392.
2071:"An Overview of the Talmud Yerushalmi – The Yeshiva World"
1576:
work and not per se a commentary on the Jerusalem Talmud.
1403:
The Jerusalem Talmud does not cover the Mishnaic order of
1613:, whose commentaries cover only the Seder Zeraim and the
2779:
1668:
on the orders of Moed, Nashim and parts of Nezikin, and
2147:
Dictionary of the Hebrew Language used by Yemenite Jews
1158:
of the Mishnah. Page numbers are by volume as follows:
1109:
Christine Hayes has argued that a lack of evidence for
2411:. BasicBooks, A Division of HarperCollins Publishers.
2296:. Cambridge: Cambridge university press. p. 127.
2164:"Talmūd Yerūšalmī : or Jerusalem Talmud Or. 4720"
1444:, on the preeminence of the Babylonian Talmud, wrote:
1142:
6:1) of the Palestinian Talmud are also extant in the
911:
10:3 (70a), which brings down the old Hebrew word for
2745:
Lost segment of Jerusalem Talmud unearthed in Geneva
1704:
respectively—that is meant to be a similar style to
765:
712:
706:
2319:
The Babylonian Talmud and late antique book culture
2294:
The Babylonian Talmud and late antique book culture
1392:, while the Babylonian Talmud covers only tractate
760:The Jerusalem Talmud predates its counterpart, the
2404:
1871:. Stanford University Press. 2013. p. xxxix.
1653:'s commentary to Tractates Berakhot and Betzah.
1256:
2700:Online Facsimile edition of the Leiden manuscript
1850:
1388:The Jerusalem Talmud covers all the tractates of
853:This Talmud is a synopsis of the analysis of the
825:
2992:
1510:Following the formation of the modern state of
857:that was developed for nearly 200 years by the
1775:Schottenstein Edition of the Babylonian Talmud
1771:Schottenstein Edition of the Yerushalmi Talmud
1453:) is where the final decisions were clarified.
2765:
2442:edition, New-York 2010, Introduction, p. 17;
668:
1747:
1293:introducing citations to additional sources
958:
948:
770:), by about a century, written primarily in
2723:Full Text of the Talmud Yerushalmi (Hebrew)
2710:Full Text of the Talmud Yerushalmi (Hebrew)
2559:), with commentary by Solomon Sirilio, ed.
2136:(chapter 7), by Prof. Zvi Meir Rabinowitz).
2007:. Oxford University Press. pp. 20–21.
1965:. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. p. 227.
1929:Structure and Form in the Babylonian Talmud
1518:of the Machon Shilo institute has issued a
915:(the sweet relish eaten at Passover), viz.
27:Talmud that was compiled in Southern Levant
2772:
2758:
2399:
2361:
2335:
1724:A modern edition and commentary, known as
1149:
1056:printed variants at the end of his essay,
737:. Naming this version of the Talmud after
675:
661:
2607:"Religion: Giving The Talmud to the Jews"
2153:), Tel-Aviv 1978, s.v. דּוּכֵּהּ (p. 54).
1955:
1804:
983:Among the Hebrew manuscripts held in the
275:Baraita on the Erection of the Tabernacle
3016:Jews and Judaism in the Byzantine Empire
2341:
2091:, 1968, Stein and Day, New York, p. 123:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1466:(i.e. the early exponents of the Torah).
1355:
1283:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2637:"The Aleph Society- Let My People Know"
2108:Talmud Yerushalmi Codex Leiden, Scal. 3
1146:which dates to the 6th or 7th century.
14:
2993:
2634:
2367:
2316:
2291:
2268:
2027:
1996:
1994:
1923:
1414:In both Talmuds, only one tractate of
1068:
859:Talmudic academies in Syria Palaestina
784:Talmudic academies in Syria Palaestina
2753:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2000:
1912:
1891:
963:), as found in the printed editions.
3011:Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire
2635:Steinsaltz, Rabbi Adin Even-Israel.
2065:
2063:
1805:Moscovitz, Leib (January 12, 2021).
1260:
2585:Published from manuscript by Rabbi
2081:
2001:Hayes, Christine Elizabeth (1997).
1991:
1188:
1100:
959:
953:), which rules out the spelling of
949:
936:
924:
729:notes on the second-century Jewish
696:
172:Mekhilta of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai
24:
2485:
2257:
1538:(c. 1150 – c. 1230), known as the
1085:and put an end to the practice of
25:
3032:
2729:The Talmud Yerushalmi in 750 MP3s
2693:
2678:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
2533:The latter two were published by
2252:Einleitung in Talmud und Midrasch
2060:
1855:. New York: Ktav. pp. 1–119.
1728:, is currently being prepared in
1558:(1280–1355), a disciple of Rabbi
2688:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
2664:
2513:Printed in most editions of the
2035:. In I. Singer, C. Adler (ed.).
1276:relies largely or entirely on a
1265:
1128:praefectus urbi Constantinopolis
42:
2628:
2599:
2579:
2570:
2544:
2527:
2507:
2449:
2444:Geonic Responsa from the Geniza
2425:
2393:
2310:
2285:
2244:
2195:Vatican Library - Vat. ebr. 133
2188:
2156:
2139:
2122:
2096:
1807:"Palestinian Talmud/Yerushalmi"
1525:
1257:Comparison to Babylonian Talmud
270:Baraita on the Thirty-two Rules
265:Baraita of the Forty-nine Rules
2104:Talmud Yerushalmi Codex Leiden
2021:
1949:
1885:
1859:
1844:
1821:10.1093/OBO/9780199840731-0151
1798:
876:
826:Origins and historical context
13:
1:
2887:Joseph Saul HaLevi Nathansohn
2877:Yechiel Michel HaLevi Epstein
2472:Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne
1898:. Anthem Press. p. 129.
1791:
464:Iggeret of Rabbi Sherira Gaon
2933:Yitzchok Isaac Krasilschikov
2897:Yisroel ben Shmuel of Shklov
2825:Joshua ben Israel Benveniste
2613:. 1988-01-18. Archived from
2089:The Sacred Books of the Jews
1812:Oxford Bibliographies Online
1744:and Shekalim have appeared.
1718:Yitzchok Isaac Krasilschikov
1430:
723:Talmud of the Land of Israel
7:
2731:- from YerushalmiOnline.org
2552:Berakhoth Talmud Yerushalmi
2271:"Early Halakhic Literature"
2254:(München 1992), p. 172–175.
2168:Leiden University Libraries
1633:appears only for tractates
1609:(1485–1554), also known as
1372:dialect which differs from
1177:Each page was printed as a
1050:Fragments of the Yerushalmi
978:Leiden University Libraries
889:. It was copied in 1289 by
887:Leiden University Libraries
838:. It is written largely in
766:
713:
707:
637:Targum to the Five Megillot
10:
3037:
3021:Hebrew-language literature
3006:Jews in the Land of Israel
2846:David ben Naphtali Fränkel
2374:Israel Exploration Journal
1933:Cambridge University Press
1662:David ben Naphtali Fränkel
1536:Samson ben Abraham of Sens
1213:, and the last chapter of
997:for the Jerusalem Talmud (
848:its Babylonian counterpart
840:Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
772:Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
2975:Moses ben Mordecai Zacuto
2967:
2946:
2905:
2869:
2833:
2817:
2791:
2576:Printed in Vilna edition.
2151:אוצר לשון הקדש שלבני תימן
1892:Wolak, Arthur J. (2016).
1748:Translations into English
1629:of the Jerusalem Talmud,
1063:
891:Jehiel ben Jekuthiel Anav
223:Mekhilta le-Sefer Devarim
167:Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael
2968:Unpublished commentaries
2851:Jacob ben Abraham Kahana
2347:Israel Guide - Jerusalem
1625:by Meir Lehmann. In the
844:Western Aramaic language
764:(known in Hebrew as the
2685:The Jewish Encyclopedia
2495:. Encyclopaedia Judaica
2317:Amsler, Monika (2023).
2292:Amsler, Monika (2023).
2269:Newman, Hillel (2011).
2130:Hasifat Genuzim Miteman
2075:www.theyeshivaworld.com
2038:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1651:Elazar ben Moshe Azikri
1150:Contents and pagination
883:Leiden Jerusalem Talmud
797:
697:תַּלְמוּד יְרוּשַׁלְמִי
360:Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer
260:Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva
217:Sifrei Zutta on Numbers
204:Numbers and Deuteronomy
2804:Samuel Jaffe Ashkenazi
1468:
1455:
1374:that of the Babylonian
1365:
1254:
861:(principally those of
577:Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
2918:Yisroel Chaim Daiches
2892:Yaakov Dovid Wilovsky
2735:The Talmud Yerushalmi
2537:and available online
1785:Heinrich Guggenheimer
1686:Yaakov Dovid Wilovsky
1477:Chananel ben Chushiel
1459:
1446:
1436:continuing until the
1359:
1240:
1144:Tel Rehov inscription
725:, is a collection of
305:Pesikta de-Rav Kahana
192:Sifra (Torat Kohanim)
2407:The Essential Talmud
2237:(ff. 144v–148v) and
1781:The Jerusalem Talmud
1289:improve this article
721:, also known as the
646:Targum to Chronicles
459:Shir ha-Shirim Zutta
380:Shir HaShirim Rabbah
2739:Jewish Encyclopedia
2647:on 31 December 2006
2617:on November 8, 2010
2557:ברכות תלמוד ירושלמי
2476:Hilchos Sefer-Torah
2281:. pp. 629–630.
2128:Yehuda Levi Nahum,
2043:Funk & Wagnalls
1957:Schiffman, Lawrence
1378:David Weiss Halivni
1235:Jewish Encyclopedia
1193:In addition to the
1069:Premodern estimates
832:Johanan bar Nappaha
804:region of Palestine
375:Ecclesiastes Rabbah
365:Tanna Devei Eliyahu
355:Avot de-Rabbi Natan
300:Lamentations Rabbah
60:Talmudic literature
36:Rabbinic literature
2176:1887.1/item:937041
1694:Sheyarei ha-Korban
1676:(c.1710?–1781) of
1664:(c. 1704–1762) of
1593:Shemuel ben Shniur
1589:Meshulam ben David
1572:. However it is a
1366:
1304:"Jerusalem Talmud"
846:that differs from
816:Palaestina Secunda
755:Palaestina Secunda
719:Palestinian Talmud
385:Deuteronomy Rabbah
370:Alphabet of Sirach
335:Megillat Antiochus
2988:
2987:
2947:Lost commentaries
2641:The Aleph Society
2493:"Judah ben Yakar"
2456:Talmud Yerushalmi
2432:Talmud Yerushalmi
2328:978-1-009-29733-2
2303:978-1-009-29733-2
2233:(ff. 135r–144v),
2229:(ff. 126r–135r),
2225:(ff. 107v–125v),
2014:978-0-19-535682-3
1972:978-0-88125-372-6
1905:978-1-78308-600-9
1878:978-0-8047-8620-1
1830:978-0-19-984073-1
1615:tractate Shekalim
1581:Tractate Shekalim
1354:
1353:
1339:
1232:According to the
1227:Tractate Shekalim
1058:ʿAl ha-Yerushalmi
1052:(New York 1909).
991:and the complete
762:Babylonian Talmud
708:Talmud Yerushalmi
705:
685:
684:
652:
651:
614:
613:
592:
591:
546:
545:
539:Smaller midrashim
496:
495:
471:
470:
425:
424:
413:Baraita of Samuel
342:
341:
282:
281:
255:Seder Olam Rabbah
231:
230:
199:
198:
179:
178:
143:
142:
123:
122:
116:Babylonian Talmud
91:
90:
16:(Redirected from
3028:
2785:Jerusalem Talmud
2774:
2767:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2689:
2668:
2667:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2643:. Archived from
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2568:
2548:
2542:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2489:
2483:
2453:
2447:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2410:
2401:Steinsaltz, Adin
2397:
2391:
2390:
2381:(3/4): 182–193.
2365:
2359:
2358:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2266:
2255:
2248:
2242:
2221:(ff. 94v–107v),
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2160:
2154:
2145:Yehuda Ratzaby,
2143:
2137:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2100:
2094:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2067:
2058:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2041:. Vol. 12.
2025:
2019:
2018:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1921:
1910:
1909:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1802:
1560:Asher ben Jehiel
1556:Ishtori Haparchi
1481:Nissim ben Jacob
1349:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1297:
1269:
1261:
1201:(except part of
1189:Missing sections
1101:Modern estimates
974:
962:
961:
952:
951:
938:
926:
895:biblical glosses
769:
716:
710:
700:
698:
689:Jerusalem Talmud
677:
670:
663:
616:
615:
594:
593:
559:
558:
514:Yalkut haMachiri
498:
497:
473:
472:
444:Midrash Tehillim
427:
426:
403:Midrash Proverbs
344:
343:
325:Seder Olam Zutta
320:Leviticus Rabbah
284:
283:
244:
243:
201:
200:
181:
180:
156:
155:
149:Halakhic Midrash
125:
124:
111:Jerusalem Talmud
93:
92:
66:
65:
46:
32:
31:
21:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3025:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2980:Moshe Feinstein
2963:
2959:Menachem Ziemba
2942:
2928:Chaim Kanievsky
2913:Yechiel Bar-Lev
2901:
2865:
2856:Moses Margolies
2841:Elijah of Fulda
2829:
2813:
2799:Solomon Sirilio
2787:
2778:
2696:
2676:Singer, Isidore
2674:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2633:
2629:
2620:
2618:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2571:
2549:
2545:
2532:
2528:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2468:Sefer Ha-Eshkol
2454:
2450:
2430:
2426:
2419:
2398:
2394:
2366:
2362:
2343:Yitzhaki, Arieh
2340:
2336:
2329:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2290:
2286:
2267:
2258:
2250:G. Stemberger,
2249:
2245:
2241:(ff.148v–151v).
2217:(ff. 80r–94v),
2213:(ff. 66r–80r),
2209:(ff. 50v–66r),
2205:(ff. 22r–50v),
2193:
2189:
2180:
2178:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2144:
2140:
2127:
2123:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2082:
2069:
2068:
2061:
2048:
2046:
2029:Bacher, Wilhelm
2026:
2022:
2015:
1999:
1992:
1979:popularly known
1977:Although it is
1973:
1954:
1950:
1943:
1922:
1913:
1906:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1849:
1845:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1750:
1738:Adin Steinsaltz
1713:Chaim Kanievsky
1674:Moses Margolies
1607:Solomon Sirilio
1552:Kaftor VaFerach
1546:Judah ben Yakar
1528:
1516:David Bar-Hayim
1442:Hai ben Sherira
1433:
1370:Western Aramaic
1350:
1344:
1341:
1298:
1296:
1282:
1270:
1259:
1245:editio princeps
1191:
1152:
1103:
1077:suppressed the
1071:
1066:
985:Vatican Library
972:
879:
828:
800:
681:
628:Targum Tehillim
607:Targum Jonathan
581:Fragment Targum
529:Midrash HaGadol
449:Midrash Hashkem
393:Pesikta Rabbati
237:Aggadic Midrash
136:Minor Tractates
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3034:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2938:Saul Lieberman
2935:
2930:
2925:
2923:Louis Ginzberg
2920:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2777:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2715:2013-10-11 at
2707:
2702:
2695:
2694:External links
2692:
2691:
2690:
2659:
2658:
2627:
2598:
2587:Israel Francus
2578:
2569:
2543:
2526:
2515:Bet Habechirah
2506:
2484:
2448:
2424:
2417:
2392:
2360:
2334:
2327:
2309:
2302:
2284:
2256:
2243:
2201:(ff. 1r–21r),
2187:
2155:
2138:
2121:
2095:
2080:
2077:. May 1, 2017.
2059:
2020:
2013:
1990:
1971:
1948:
1942:978-0521050319
1941:
1911:
1904:
1884:
1877:
1858:
1843:
1829:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1778:
1768:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1698:Marei ha-Panim
1658:Korban ha-Eida
1585:Menachem Meiri
1527:
1524:
1432:
1429:
1420:
1419:
1412:
1401:
1352:
1351:
1345:September 2023
1287:. Please help
1273:
1271:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1190:
1187:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1151:
1148:
1102:
1099:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1054:Saul Lieberman
967:still call it
927:), instead of
878:
875:
871:Land of Israel
827:
824:
808:Land of Israel
799:
796:
743:Land of Israel
731:oral tradition
717:for short) or
683:
682:
680:
679:
672:
665:
657:
654:
653:
650:
649:
648:
647:
644:
638:
635:
632:
631:Targum Mishlei
629:
623:
622:
612:
611:
610:
609:
601:
600:
590:
589:
588:
587:
585:Targum Neofiti
582:
579:
574:
572:Targum Onkelos
566:
565:
555:
554:
548:
547:
544:
543:
542:
541:
536:
534:Numbers Rabbah
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
509:Yalkut Shimoni
503:
502:
494:
493:
492:
491:
489:Sefer haYashar
486:
484:Midrash Tadshe
478:
477:
469:
468:
467:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
438:
432:
431:
423:
422:
421:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
398:Midrash Shmuel
395:
390:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
349:
348:
340:
339:
338:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
295:Genesis Rabbah
289:
288:
280:
279:
278:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
249:
248:
240:
239:
233:
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229:
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219:
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206:
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186:
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177:
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174:
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160:
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151:
145:
144:
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139:
138:
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129:
121:
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119:
118:
113:
105:
104:
89:
88:
87:
86:
81:
73:
72:
62:
61:
57:
56:
49:Talmud Readers
47:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3033:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2809:Elazar Azkari
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2775:
2770:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2671:public domain
2663:
2662:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2602:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2573:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2547:
2540:
2536:
2535:Avraham Sofer
2530:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2494:
2488:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2462:, Friedman’s
2461:
2457:
2452:
2445:
2441:
2438:, Friedman’s
2437:
2433:
2428:
2420:
2418:0-465-02063-1
2414:
2409:
2408:
2402:
2396:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2330:
2324:
2320:
2313:
2305:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2253:
2247:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2231:Ma'aser Sheni
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2090:
2087:Harry Gersh,
2084:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2056:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2016:
2010:
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1968:
1964:
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1935:. p. 3.
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1925:Jacobs, Louis
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1761:Jacob Neusner
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1627:Vilna edition
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1489:Mishneh Torah
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1309:
1306: –
1305:
1301:
1300:Find sources:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1278:single source
1274:This section
1272:
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1091:Judah ha-Nasi
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1075:Theodosius II
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1007:
1003:
1001:
996:
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990:
986:
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975:
970:
966:
965:Yemenite Jews
956:
946:
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837:
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823:
821:
817:
814:in Byzantine
813:
809:
805:
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793:
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785:
781:
777:
776:Judah ha-Nasi
773:
768:
763:
758:
756:
753:in Byzantine
752:
748:
745:—rather than
744:
740:
736:
733:known as the
732:
728:
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709:
703:
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678:
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519:Midrash Jonah
517:
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389:Devarim Zutta
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315:Midrash Iyyob
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310:Esther Rabbah
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53:Adolf Behrman
50:
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33:
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19:
2906:20th century
2870:19th century
2834:18th century
2818:17th century
2792:16th century
2784:
2781:Commentators
2719:Mechon-Mamre
2683:
2649:. Retrieved
2645:the original
2640:
2630:
2619:. Retrieved
2615:the original
2610:
2601:
2581:
2572:
2561:Meir Lehmann
2556:
2551:
2546:
2529:
2509:
2497:. Retrieved
2487:
2475:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2406:
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2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2190:
2179:. Retrieved
2158:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2088:
2083:
2074:
2053:
2047:. Retrieved
2036:
2023:
2003:
1978:
1976:
1961:
1951:
1928:
1894:
1887:
1867:
1861:
1852:
1846:
1836:December 19,
1834:. Retrieved
1810:
1800:
1780:
1770:
1765:Tzvee Zahavy
1757:
1734:Yedid Nefesh
1733:
1725:
1723:
1710:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1681:
1669:
1657:
1655:
1648:
1631:Rash Sirilio
1630:
1611:Rash Sirilio
1610:
1604:
1597:
1578:
1567:
1563:
1551:
1550:
1544:
1539:
1529:
1526:Commentators
1509:
1501:Italian Jews
1497:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1447:
1434:
1421:
1383:
1367:
1362:Cairo Geniza
1342:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1311:
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1275:
1243:
1241:
1233:
1231:
1194:
1192:
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1139:
1135:
1132:
1127:
1108:
1104:
1072:
1057:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1034:Maaser Sheni
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
999:
992:
988:
982:
976:
968:
954:
944:
940:
928:
916:
906:
904:
880:
852:
829:
801:
767:Talmud Bavli
759:
722:
718:
688:
686:
641:Targum Sheni
634:Targum Iyyov
476:1000–1200 CE
418:Targum Sheni
110:
48:
29:
2590: [
2518: [
2464:Oz ve-Hadar
2440:Oz ve-Hadar
2045:. p. 3
1702:Tosefot Rid
1554:, by Rabbi
1046:L. Ginzberg
929:rūbeh/rabah
877:Manuscripts
440:Eichah Zuta
430:900–1000 CE
408:Ruth Rabbah
2995:Categories
2954:Maimonides
2882:Meir Marim
2861:Vilna Gaon
2717:Archive-It
2621:2010-05-06
2458:, vol. 1,
2434:, vol. 1,
2369:Demsky, A.
2181:2024-04-04
2049:2023-09-09
1792:References
1726:Or Simchah
1670:Pnei Moshe
1643:Oz Vehadar
1505:Romaniotes
1493:Maimonides
1475:school of
1438:Gaonic era
1315:newspapers
1167:(80a–83d).
1163:(63c–65d).
714:Yerushalmi
524:Ein Yaakov
347:650–900 CE
287:400–600 CE
2355:745203905
2227:Ma'aserot
2116:829454181
1984:tractates
1684:by Rabbi
1678:Amsterdam
1617:of Seder
1600:Acharonim
1451:Babylonia
1431:Influence
1285:talk page
1116:Ursicinus
1083:Sanhedrin
1000:Vat. ebr.
899:tractates
836:Sepphoris
806:– or the
747:Jerusalem
739:Palestine
702:romanized
643:to Esther
437:Ruth Zuta
247:Tannaitic
184:Leviticus
70:Tannaitic
2713:Archived
2680:"Talmud"
2651:17 March
2460:B’rachot
2436:B’rachot
2403:(1976).
2387:27925724
2219:Shevi'it
2203:Berakhot
2134:Shevi'it
2106:(n.d.).
2033:"Talmud"
2031:(1907).
1959:(1991).
1927:(1991).
1754:volumes.
1646:Talmud.
1635:Berakhot
1574:Halachic
1532:Rishonim
1487:and the
1473:Kairouan
1464:rishonim
1405:Kodashim
1394:Berachot
1207:Kodashim
1140:Shevi'it
1087:semikhah
1030:Maaserot
1006:Berakhot
913:charoset
908:Pesachim
867:Caesarea
863:Tiberias
792:Caesarea
788:Tiberias
727:rabbinic
711:, often
2783:on the
2673::
2565:Mayence
2499:18 July
2223:Terumot
2215:Kilayim
1706:Tosafot
1485:Tosafot
1425:amoraim
1416:Tohorot
1329:scholar
1211:Shabbat
1199:Tohorot
1195:sedarim
1156:sedarim
1124:Proclus
1111:Amoraim
1081:of the
1026:Terumot
1022:Sheviit
1018:Kilayim
855:Mishnah
812:Galilee
751:Galilee
741:or the
735:Mishnah
704::
620:Ketuvim
598:Nevi'im
330:Tanhuma
97:Amoraic
84:Tosefta
79:Mishnah
3001:Talmud
2741:, 1906
2725:Snunit
2415:
2385:
2353:
2325:
2300:
2235:Ḥallah
2114:
2011:
1969:
1939:
1902:
1875:
1827:
1711:Rabbi
1682:Ridvaz
1666:Berlin
1569:Zeraim
1562:, the
1520:siddur
1512:Israel
1409:Temple
1390:Zeraim
1331:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1302:
1223:Eduyot
1215:Makkot
1205:) and
1203:Niddah
1120:Julian
1095:Gemara
1064:Dating
1038:Ḥallah
994:Zeraim
973:
933:Hebrew
921:Hebrew
820:geonim
780:Gemara
693:Hebrew
552:Targum
159:Exodus
101:Gemara
2594:]
2567:1875.
2522:]
2478:, p.
2383:JSTOR
2279:Brill
2239:Orlah
2211:Demai
2207:Pe'ah
2199:Sotah
1742:Pe'ah
1690:Rashi
1672:, by
1660:, by
1639:Pe'ah
1623:Mainz
1598:Many
1398:Torah
1336:JSTOR
1322:books
1250:below
1179:folio
1138:2:1;
1136:Demai
1042:Orlah
1014:Demai
989:Sotah
969:dūkeh
955:rabah
941:dūkeh
917:dūkeh
563:Torah
501:Later
212:Sifre
128:Later
2653:2018
2611:Time
2539:here
2501:2017
2413:ISBN
2351:OCLC
2323:ISBN
2298:ISBN
2112:OCLC
2009:ISBN
1967:ISBN
1937:ISBN
1900:ISBN
1873:ISBN
1838:2022
1825:ISBN
1783:ed.
1730:Arad
1700:and
1637:and
1619:Moed
1591:and
1564:Rosh
1540:Rash
1503:and
1479:and
1308:news
1221:and
1219:Avot
1079:Nasi
1040:and
1010:Peah
945:dakh
937:רובה
925:דוכה
881:The
865:and
842:, a
798:Name
790:and
687:The
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2470:of
2172:hdl
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1491:of
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2277:.
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2166:.
2073:.
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1975:.
1931:.
1914:^
1823:.
1815:.
1809:.
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1708:.
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1028:,
1024:,
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2017:.
1945:.
1908:.
1881:.
1840:.
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