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533:. Doing away with the need for "staging" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable and safer space launch vehicle. While the X-33 would not approach airplane-like safety, the X-33 would attempt to demonstrate 0.997 reliability, or 3 mishaps out of 1,000 launches, which would be an order of magnitude more reliable than the
433:
that the technology of the time was simply not advanced enough for such a design. While the composite tank walls themselves were lighter, the hydrogen tank shape necessary to fit inside the aerodynamic mouldline resulted in complex joints increasing the total mass of the composite tank to above that of an aluminum-based tank, and too heavy for an SSTO vehicle.
641:, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology required to make a commercial reusable launch vehicle possible.
608:
The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the flight glide
739:
On
September 7, 2004, Northrop Grumman and NASA engineers unveiled a liquid-hydrogen tank made of carbon-fiber composite material that had demonstrated the ability for repeated fuelings and simulated launch cycles. Northrop Grumman concluded that these successful tests have enabled the development
432:
be 10% of the fully fueled weight. This would allow a vehicle to fly to low Earth orbit without the need for the sort of external boosters and fuel tanks used by the Space
Shuttle. But, after the composite tank failed on the test stand during fueling and pressure tests, NASA came to the conclusion
423:
In particular, the composite liquid hydrogen fuel tank failed during testing in
November 1999. The tank was constructed of honeycomb composite walls and internal structures to reduce its weight. A lighter tank was needed for the craft to demonstrate necessary technologies for single-stage-to-orbit
347:
Failures of its 21-meter wingspan and multi-lobed, composite-material fuel tank during pressure testing ultimately led to the withdrawal of federal support for the program in early 2001. Lockheed Martin has conducted unrelated testing, and has had a single success after a string of failures as
394:.. to build a vehicle that takes days, not months, to turn around; dozens, not thousands, of people to operate; with launch costs that are a tenth of what they are now. Our goal is a reusable launch vehicle that will cut the cost of getting a pound of payload to orbit from $ 10,000 to $ 1,000.
612:
The X-33 was never intended to fly higher than an altitude of 100 km, nor faster than one-half of orbital velocity. Had any successful tests occurred, extrapolation would have been necessary to apply the results to a proposed orbital vehicle.
644:
The
VentureStar was to be the first commercial aircraft to fly into space. The VentureStar was intended for long inter-continental flights and supposed to be in service by 2012, but this project was never funded or begun.
461:
and the resulting drop in the anticipated number of commercial satellite launches per year, Lockheed Martin concluded that continuing development of the X-33 privately without government support would not be profitable.
448:
NASA had invested $ 922 million in the project before cancellation, and
Lockheed Martin a further $ 357 million. Due to changes in the space launch business—including the challenges faced by companies such as
616:
The decision to design and build the X-33 grew out of an internal NASA study titled "Access to Space". Unlike other space transport studies, "Access to Space" was to result in the design and construction of a vehicle.
1121:
386:$ 1 billion was spent through 1999 with about 80 percent coming from NASA and additional money contributed by the industry partners. The goal was to have a first flight by March 1999, and to have the
736:
After the cancellation in 2001, engineers were able to make a working liquid-oxygen tank from carbon-fiber composite. Tests showed that composites were feasible materials for liquid-oxygen tanks
752:
Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Of those five
Lockheed Martin, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas were selected for workup into more detailed proposals.
4495:
1159:
Flight tests would involve speeds of up to Mach 15 and altitudes up to approximately 75,800 meters... The test program was baselined for a combined total of 15 flights.
585:, to design, build, and test the X-33 experimental vehicle for the RLV program. Lockheed Martin's design concept for the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from
382:
To "provide a technology base for development of advanced commercial launch systems that will make U.S. aerospace manufacturers more competitive in the global market."
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The uncrewed craft would have been launched vertically from a specially designed facility constructed on
Edwards Air Force Base, and landed horizontally (
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637:, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the
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100% complete when the program was canceled by NASA in 2001, after a long series of technical difficulties including flight instability and excess
364:, and Lockheed Martin, a Phase II contract to develop the X-33 as a demonstrator vehicle was awarded to Lockheed Martin in 1996. At the same time
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To "demonstrate technologies leading to a new generation of space boosters capable of delivering payloads at significantly lower cost"
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529:(SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach
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2009:
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744:; and design and engineering development of conformal fuel tanks appropriate for use on a single-stage-to-orbit vehicle.
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1999:
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In 1994 NASA initiated the
Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) program. After a Phase I programme developing proposals from
88:
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2019:
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1316:
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and refinement of new manufacturing processes that will allow the company to build large composite tanks without an
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337:, autonomous (uncrewed) flight control, rapid flight turn-around times through streamlined operations, and its
59:
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Through the use of the lifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine,
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555:) on a runway at the end of its mission. Initial sub-orbital test flights were planned from Edwards AFB to
574:, to gather more complete data on aircraft heating and engine performance at higher speeds and altitudes.
440:
Microcracking problem discovered in the liquid-hydrogen (LH2) multi-lobed tank core by NASA scientists at
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Once those test flights were completed, further flight tests were to be conducted from
Edwards AFB to
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597:-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (
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that was developed for a period in the 1990s. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the
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2014:
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17:
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537:. The 15 planned experimental X-33 flights could only begin this statistical evaluation.
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1122:""Northrop Grumman, NASA Complete Testing of Prototype Composite Cryogenic Fuel Tank""
311:. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for
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orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated
1242:"Northrop Grumman, NASA Complete Testing of Prototype Composite Cryogenic Fuel Tank"
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Construction of the prototype was some 85% assembled with 96% of the parts and the
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2004:
1968:
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1317:"RAND 1995 Project Air Force Workshop on transatmospheric vehicles - chapter 3"
800:
test vehicle. It would have used a single SSME for the main propulsion system.
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In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit
Rockwell planned to use six
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featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its
634:
578:
387:
304:
29:
Uncrewed re-usable spaceplane technology demonstrator for the VentureStar
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hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a
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X-33 model being prepared for testing in a wind-tunnel in 1997
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successfully built and tested a simple cylindrical composite
1299:
Rockwell International X-33 Technology Demonstrator Proposal
769:
598:
552:
518:
369:
299:
was a proposed uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator
4575:
390:, the operational reusable space vehicle, flying in 2006.
1143:"Environmental Impact Statement, Notice of Intent 96-118"
1054:"X-33 Proposal by McDonnell Douglas - Computer Graphic"
1221:"Oxygen Compatibility Testing of Composite Materials"
1431:(press release), NASA, March 1, 2001, archived from
886:
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1400:Status of the X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle Program
497:Test of the X-33's thermal protection system, 1998
187:$ 922 million NASA + $ 357 million Lockheed Martin
444:ultimately caused NASA to cancel the X-33 program
5213:
953:Wikisource:X-33 Advanced Technology Demonstrator
721:9,896 mph (15,926 km/h, 8,599 kn)
1199:"Subscale Composite Liquid Oxygen Tank Testing"
625:Based on the X-33 experience shared with NASA,
577:On July 2, 1996, NASA selected Lockheed Martin
399:D. Goldin NASA administrator on the RLV program
372:, an air-launched hypersonic research vehicle.
1248:, September 7, 2004, accessed January 9, 2017.
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
706:, 410,000 lbf (1,800 kN) thrust each
348:recently as 2009 using a 2-meter scale model.
4561:
4284:
3727:
1476:
1234:
1048:
1046:
992:"Reusable rocket plane soars in test flight"
747:
473:hydrogen tank as part of early work for the
409:The program was cancelled in February 2001.
1260:"An update on composite tanks for cryogens"
1010:
927:. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
424:operations. A hydrogen fueled SSTO craft's
4568:
4554:
4291:
4277:
3734:
3720:
1483:
1469:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1174:. NASA. September 23, 1998. Archived from
948:
946:
544:X-33 launch facility already completed at
140:
1108:"X-33/VentureStar — What really happened"
1043:
620:
480:
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
4978:Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft
764:-derived design. It would have used one
647:
539:
508:
500:
492:
484:
435:
428:requires that the weight of the vehicle
146:Artist's rendition of the X-33 in orbit.
1333:Full 1995 RAND TAV workshop proceedings
1304:
1145:. NASA. October 7, 1996. Archived from
943:
918:
916:
914:
14:
5214:
1406:, US: GAO, August 1999, archived from
1137:
1135:
1105:
1069:
1067:
963:
368:was awarded a contract to develop the
4954:
4591:
4549:
4272:
3715:
1464:
1257:
989:
922:
731:
513:Simulated in-flight view of the X-33.
1218:
1196:
983:
911:
785:
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
3522:
1449:, WP AFB: Air force, archived from
1392:, Federation of American Scientists
1369:(History), US: NASA, archived from
1132:
1124:. September 7, 2004. Archived from
1064:
990:David, Leonard (October 15, 2009).
375:The goals of the RLV program were:
24:
4592:
4303:(AFRL) spacecraft and air vehicles
633:for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called
505:Space art of X-33 at high altitude
25:
5273:
1346:
1106:Bergin, Chris (January 4, 2006).
1075:"X-33 Launch Complex (Area 1-54)"
964:Conner, Monroe (March 30, 2016).
687:285,000 lb (129,274 kg)
208:129,000 kg (285,000 lb)
5257:Proposed reusable launch systems
1342:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
1172:"The Policy Origins of the X-33"
889:
693:210,000 lb (95,000 kg)
260:1,800 kN (410,000 lbf)
36:
1443:X-33 Launch Complex (Area 1-54)
1326:
1292:
1270:
1251:
1212:
1190:
1164:
404:
47:needs additional citations for
4955:
1114:
1099:
957:
318:(SSTO RLVs), such as metallic
13:
1:
4301:Air Force Research Laboratory
1258:Black, Sara (November 2005).
904:
795:vertical takeoff and landing
7:
5227:Cancelled aircraft projects
5112:Ya Guidao Gainian Feixingqi
1264:High-Performance Composites
1228:High-Performance Composites
1206:High-Performance Composites
803:
755:
442:Goddard Space Flight Center
10:
5278:
4506:Tactical Satellite Program
4366:University Nanosat Program
4256:Assigned to multiple types
994:. NBC News. Archived from
841:List of NASA cancellations
351:
320:thermal protection systems
5194:
5126:
5094:
5048:
4997:
4965:
4961:
4950:
4811:
4785:
4660:
4631:
4602:
4598:
4587:
4504:
4442:
4406:
4365:
4308:
4249:
4198:
4103:
3945:
3802:
3793:
3755:
3750:) designations since 1941
3702:
2518:
2502:
2451:
2420:
2319:
2283:
2257:
2182:
2146:
2095:
2059:
2052:
1992:
1961:
1925:
1894:
1868:
1861:
1794:
1758:
1685:
1619:
1571:
1510:
1503:
1029:"Reusable Launch Vehicle"
766:Space Shuttle Main Engine
748:The alternative proposals
282:
278:
264:
256:
242:
237:
233:
225:
220:
212:
204:
196:
191:
183:
175:
165:
151:
139:
5222:Lockheed Martin aircraft
4443:Technology demonstrators
4407:Space weather satellites
877:Space Shuttle retirement
866:Reusable Vehicle Testing
316:reusable launch vehicles
5237:Rocket-powered aircraft
4904:Reusable Booster System
4894:Liquid Fly-back Booster
4577:Reusable launch systems
4309:Launch/orbital vehicles
3756:Supersonic/special test
1498:aircraft and spacecraft
821:Blue Origin New Shepard
666:General characteristics
609:back down to a runway.
309:reusable launch vehicle
160:technology demonstrator
5252:Edwards Air Force Base
5107:Goodyear Meteor Junior
4641:(orbiter and boosters)
4348:Space Maneuver Vehicle
1080:. USAF. Archived from
966:"Lockheed Martin X-33"
856:McDonnell Douglas DC-X
846:Lunar Lander Challenge
681:77 ft (23 m)
675:69 ft (21 m)
660:
621:Commercial spaceflight
593:. Rockwell proposed a
587:Rockwell International
557:Dugway Proving Grounds
548:
546:Edwards Air Force Base
514:
506:
498:
490:
481:Design and development
445:
402:
358:Rockwell International
200:20 m (66 ft)
71:"Lockheed Martin X-33"
5247:Single-stage-to-orbit
5034:Space Shuttle orbiter
3744:experimental aircraft
3742:USAF / Joint Service
1686:C-130 Hercules family
1553:8-D, E & G Altair
1354:Simulated X-33 Flight
1288:on December 28, 2016.
1039:on February 24, 2013.
651:
543:
527:single-stage-to-orbit
512:
504:
496:
488:
475:Constellation program
439:
392:
313:single-stage-to-orbit
301:suborbital spaceplane
4340:Orbital Test Vehicle
1895:Shooting Star family
1759:L-188 Electra family
1620:Constellation family
1435:on December 13, 2015
1128:on January 10, 2017.
1110:. NASA Space Flight.
998:on December 24, 2019
931:on February 15, 2017
851:Masten Space Systems
831:Interorbital Systems
760:Rockwell proposed a
657:Stennis Space Center
583:Palmdale, California
572:Great Falls, Montana
561:Salt Lake City, Utah
297:Lockheed Martin X-33
56:improve this article
5005:Buran-class orbiter
4846:Energia II (Uragan)
1413:on February 8, 2012
1282:www.astronautix.com
1219:Graf, Neil (2001).
1197:Graf, Neil (2001).
1178:on October 22, 2014
1149:on December 3, 2008
872:Skylon (spacecraft)
826:Bristol Spaceplanes
811:Armadillo Aerospace
685:Max takeoff weight:
155:Uncrewed re-usable
136:
4743:Rocket Lab Neutron
3796:"X" (1948–present)
1926:Starfighter family
1240:Northrop Grumman.
897:Spaceflight portal
732:Continued research
661:
629:hoped to make the
549:
515:
507:
499:
491:
446:
134:
5209:
5208:
5190:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5073:Orel (spacecraft)
4946:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4754:Starship (SpaceX)
4543:
4542:
4492:
4474:
4334:
4323:
4266:
4265:
4194:
4193:
3709:
3708:
3698:
3697:
2253:
2252:
2048:
2047:
1857:
1856:
1584:12 Electra Junior
1428:X-33 cancellation
791:McDonnell Douglas
786:McDonnell Douglas
591:McDonnell Douglas
362:McDonnell Douglas
293:
292:
251:linear aerospikes
176:Country of origin
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
5269:
5262:Unflown aircraft
5056:Boeing Starliner
4963:
4962:
4952:
4951:
4759:Stoke Space Nova
4708:8R (first stage)
4705:6X (first stage)
4600:
4599:
4589:
4588:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4547:
4546:
4490:
4472:
4332:
4321:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4270:
4269:
4147:
4117:
3800:
3799:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3713:
3712:
3671:
3666:
3656:
3636:
3626:
3601:
3596:
3581:
3571:
3561:
3546:
3541:
3520:
3519:
2728:
2723:
2713:
2673:
2658:
2618:
2598:
2556:
2060:Blackbird family
2057:
2056:
1869:Lightning family
1866:
1865:
1657:L-1649 Starliner
1589:14 Super Electra
1539:
1508:
1507:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1455:
1448:
1436:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1412:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1355:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1313:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1284:. Archived from
1274:
1268:
1267:
1255:
1249:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1225:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1139:
1130:
1129:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1086:
1079:
1071:
1062:
1061:
1050:
1041:
1040:
1035:. Archived from
1025:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1003:
987:
981:
980:
978:
976:
961:
955:
950:
941:
940:
938:
936:
920:
899:
894:
893:
892:
714:
701:linear aerospike
668:
659:, August 6, 2001
653:Aerospike engine
467:Northrop Grumman
400:
366:Orbital Sciences
335:aerospike engine
286:edit on Wikidata
144:
137:
133:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
5277:
5276:
5272:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5266:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5205:
5182:
5122:
5090:
5044:
4993:
4957:
4938:
4807:
4781:
4656:
4627:
4594:
4583:
4574:
4544:
4539:
4500:
4438:
4402:
4361:
4304:
4297:
4267:
4262:
4245:
4190:
4145:
4115:
4099:
3941:
3795:
3789:
3758:"S" (1946–1947)
3757:
3751:
3740:
3710:
3705:
3694:
3669:
3664:
3654:
3634:
3624:
3599:
3594:
3579:
3569:
3559:
3544:
3539:
3518:
2726:
2721:
2711:
2671:
2656:
2616:
2596:
2554:
2521:
2514:
2498:
2447:
2416:
2315:
2279:
2249:
2210:Desert Hawk III
2200:Cormorant (UAV)
2178:
2164:YO-3 Quiet Star
2142:
2118:P2V/P-2 Neptune
2096:Maritime patrol
2091:
2072:SR-71 Blackbird
2044:
1988:
1957:
1921:
1890:
1862:Fighter-bombers
1853:
1790:
1754:
1681:
1615:
1567:
1537:
1499:
1496:Lockheed Martin
1489:
1456:on June 5, 2011
1453:
1446:
1440:
1425:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1385:
1376:
1374:
1363:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1256:
1252:
1239:
1235:
1223:
1217:
1213:
1201:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1152:
1150:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1087:on June 5, 2011
1084:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1027:
1026:
1011:
1001:
999:
988:
984:
974:
972:
962:
958:
951:
944:
934:
932:
921:
912:
907:
902:
895:
890:
888:
868:program by JAXA
806:
788:
768:(SSME) and two
758:
750:
734:
710:
664:
663:
627:Lockheed Martin
623:
531:low Earth orbit
523:Lockheed Martin
483:
414:launch facility
407:
401:
398:
354:
331:liquid hydrogen
329:fuel tanks for
289:
170:Lockheed Martin
147:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5275:
5265:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5232:Lifting bodies
5229:
5224:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5177:SpaceShipThree
5174:
5168:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5141:
5136:
5130:
5128:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5115:
5109:
5104:
5098:
5096:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5082:
5076:
5070:
5064:
5059:
5052:
5050:
5049:In development
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5036:
5031:
5025:
5019:
5013:
5007:
5001:
4999:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4975:
4969:
4967:
4959:
4958:
4948:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4832:
4826:
4821:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4803:Saturn-Shuttle
4800:
4795:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4773:
4767:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4723:
4717:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4706:
4698:
4692:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4664:
4662:
4661:In development
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4648:
4642:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4619:
4613:
4606:
4604:
4596:
4595:
4593:Launch systems
4585:
4584:
4573:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4550:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4511:
4509:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4351:
4343:
4335:
4324:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4305:
4296:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4273:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3806:
3804:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3739:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3716:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3526:
3524:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2526:
2524:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2421:Light aircraft
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2301:AH-56 Cheyenne
2298:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2063:
2061:
2054:
2053:Reconnaissance
2050:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1844:Vega Starliner
1841:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1822:L-1011 Tristar
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1572:Electra family
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1518:1 & 2 Vega
1514:
1512:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1438:
1423:
1395:
1383:
1373:on May 1, 2021
1361:
1348:
1347:External links
1345:
1337:
1336:
1325:
1303:
1291:
1269:
1250:
1233:
1211:
1189:
1163:
1131:
1113:
1098:
1063:
1042:
1009:
982:
956:
942:
909:
908:
906:
903:
901:
900:
885:
884:
879:
874:
869:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
807:
805:
802:
787:
784:
757:
754:
749:
746:
733:
730:
729:
728:
725:Maximum speed:
722:
719:Maximum speed:
708:
707:
694:
691:Fuel capacity:
688:
682:
676:
622:
619:
605:test vehicle.
482:
479:
406:
403:
396:
384:
383:
380:
353:
350:
291:
290:
283:
280:
279:
276:
275:
266:
262:
261:
258:
257:Maximum thrust
254:
253:
244:
240:
239:
238:Engine details
235:
234:
231:
230:
227:
223:
222:
221:Launch history
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
206:
202:
201:
198:
194:
193:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
153:
149:
148:
145:
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5274:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5201:
5197:
5196:
5193:
5178:
5175:
5172:
5169:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5119:
5116:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
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5017:
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4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4841:Chang Cheng-1
4839:
4836:
4833:
4831:(first stage)
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4777:
4774:
4772:(first stage)
4771:
4768:
4766:(first stage)
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:(first stage)
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:(first stage)
4733:
4730:
4728:(first stage)
4727:
4724:
4722:(first stage)
4721:
4718:
4716:(first stage)
4715:
4712:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4697:(first stage)
4696:
4693:
4691:(first stage)
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:(first stage)
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4652:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4639:Space Shuttle
4637:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4623:
4620:
4618:(core stages)
4617:
4614:
4612:(first stage)
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
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4597:
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3200:
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3110:
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2700:
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2600:
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2507:
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2492:
2490:
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2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2443:Little Dipper
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
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2340:
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2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2311:VH-92 Patriot
2309:
2307:
2306:VH-71 Kestrel
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2246:
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2238:
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2228:
2226:
2223:
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2218:
2216:
2213:
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2208:
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2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
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2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
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2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2133:CP-140 Aurora
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:Raptor family
1960:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1915:
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1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1627:Constellation
1625:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1523:3 Air Express
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1452:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1417:September 11,
1409:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1377:September 11,
1372:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1334:
1329:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1300:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1246:News Releases
1243:
1237:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1160:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1136:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1109:
1102:
1083:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
997:
993:
986:
971:
967:
960:
954:
949:
947:
930:
926:
919:
917:
915:
910:
898:
887:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
867:
864:
862:
861:Quad (rocket)
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
808:
801:
799:
796:
792:
783:
781:
778:
773:
772:-5A engines.
771:
767:
763:
762:Space Shuttle
753:
745:
743:
737:
726:
723:
720:
717:
716:
715:
713:
705:
704:rocket engine
702:
699:2 × XRS-2200
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
670:
669:
667:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
640:
639:Space Shuttle
636:
632:
631:business case
628:
618:
614:
610:
606:
604:
600:
596:
595:Space Shuttle
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
568:Malmstrom AFB
564:
562:
559:southwest of
558:
554:
547:
542:
538:
536:
535:Space Shuttle
532:
528:
524:
520:
511:
503:
495:
487:
478:
476:
472:
468:
463:
460:
456:
452:
443:
438:
434:
431:
427:
426:mass fraction
421:
419:
415:
410:
395:
391:
389:
381:
378:
377:
376:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
349:
345:
343:
340:
336:
332:
328:
325:
321:
317:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
287:
281:
277:
274:
270:
267:
263:
259:
255:
252:
249:
245:
241:
236:
232:
228:
224:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
190:
186:
182:
179:United States
178:
174:
171:
168:
164:
161:
158:
154:
150:
143:
138:
126:
123:
115:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
27:
19:
5198:* indicates
5170:
5062:Dream Chaser
5028:SpaceShipTwo
5022:SpaceShipOne
4877:
4616:Falcon Heavy
4355:
4347:
4339:
4328:
4318:Venture Star
4317:
4315:
4253:Not assigned
3987:
3794:Experimental
3704:Not assigned
2381:
2352:Star Clipper
2320:Experimental
2147:Other crewed
2113:PV-2 Harpoon
2108:PV-1 Ventura
1451:the original
1442:
1433:the original
1427:
1415:, retrieved
1408:the original
1399:
1388:
1375:, retrieved
1371:the original
1365:
1340:
1328:
1294:
1286:the original
1281:
1272:
1263:
1253:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1214:
1205:
1192:
1182:February 16,
1180:. Retrieved
1176:the original
1166:
1158:
1151:. Retrieved
1147:the original
1126:the original
1116:
1101:
1089:. Retrieved
1082:the original
1057:
1037:the original
1033:NASA Spinoff
1032:
1000:. Retrieved
996:the original
985:
973:. Retrieved
969:
959:
935:February 25,
933:. Retrieved
929:the original
789:
774:
759:
751:
738:
735:
724:
718:
711:
709:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
665:
662:
643:
624:
615:
611:
607:
576:
565:
550:
516:
464:
447:
430:without fuel
422:
411:
408:
405:Cancellation
393:
385:
374:
355:
346:
342:aerodynamics
339:lifting body
296:
294:
184:Project cost
166:Manufacturer
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
26:
5242:Spaceplanes
5155:Silver Dart
5087:upper stage
5016:Gemini SC-2
4973:Boeing X-37
4934:VentureStar
4866:Hyperbola-2
4793:Kankoh-maru
4726:Orbex Prime
4695:Hyperbola-3
4674:Ariane Next
4653:* (booster)
4647:* (booster)
4622:New Shepard
4460:MightySat-2
4455:MightySat-1
3946:26–50
2347:Senior Prom
2284:Helicopters
2205:Desert Hawk
1993:Other types
1795:Other types
1601:18 Lodestar
1511:Vega family
1153:January 30,
1002:October 27,
923:Mark Wade.
836:Kankoh-maru
816:Blue Origin
712:Performance
697:Powerplant:
635:VentureStar
579:Skunk Works
388:VentureStar
305:VentureStar
5216:Categories
5200:suborbital
4956:Spacecraft
4919:Tianjiao-1
4914:Sea Dragon
4837:(boosters)
4770:Tianlong-3
4701:Long March
4581:spacecraft
4508:satellites
4491:(canceled)
4473:(canceled)
4470:TechSat-21
4333:(canceled)
4329:Blackswift
4322:(canceled)
4259:Unofficial
4051:X-44 (UAV)
4046:X-44 MANTA
3803:1–25
2494:Trident II
2464:High Virgo
2428:Big Dipper
2342:Senior Peg
2245:X-44 (UAV)
2138:P-7 LRAACA
2123:S-3 Viking
1984:X-44 MANTA
1611:43 Harpoon
1606:37 Ventura
1594:414 Hudson
1579:10 Electra
1543:7 Explorer
1528:4 Explorer
1504:Transports
905:References
777:Rocketdyne
451:Globalstar
265:Propellant
243:Powered by
157:spaceplane
82:newspapers
5165:X-30 NASP
5127:Cancelled
5095:Proposals
5081:(capsule)
5075:(capsule)
5069:(capsule)
5058:(capsule)
5012:(capsule)
4876:Hopper /
4851:Falcon 1e
4786:Proposals
4778:(engines)
4720:New Glenn
4356:WaveRider
4104:51–
2489:Trident I
2474:Ping-Pong
2327:Have Blue
2128:P-3 Orion
1812:Excalibur
1563:DL.1 Vega
782:engines.
742:autoclave
471:cryogenic
455:Teledesic
327:cryogenic
324:composite
5202:vehicles
5085:Starship
5067:Mengzhou
4989:Shenlong
4984:Dragon 2
4856:Falcon 5
4812:Canceled
4764:Terran R
4732:Pallas-1
4689:Electron
4679:CALLISTO
4610:Falcon 9
4535:TacSat-5
4530:TacSat-4
4525:TacSat-3
4520:TacSat-2
4515:TacSat-1
4488:PnPSat-1
4424:Coriolis
4199:See also
3162:400 (II)
3042:282 (II)
2484:Poseidon
2452:Missiles
2433:Explorer
2258:Trainers
1548:8 Sirius
1492:Lockheed
1389:X planes
1386:"X-33",
1091:June 30,
975:April 9,
804:See also
756:Rockwell
655:test at
465:In 2004
397:—
248:XRS-2200
229:Canceled
152:Function
112:May 2011
5150:Mustard
4998:Retired
4980:(CSSHQ)
4878:Phoenix
4819:Adeline
4714:Miura 5
4632:Retired
4383:FASTRAC
4373:Program
4327:HTV-3X
3748:X-plane
3157:400 (I)
3037:282 (I)
2522:numbers
2510:J37/T35
2503:Engines
2479:Polaris
2469:Perseus
2225:Polecat
2220:MQM-105
2190:Aequare
1953:CL-1200
1943:NF-104A
1817:JetStar
1723:EC-130H
1558:9 Orion
1359:YouTube
780:RS-2100
727:Mach 13
673:Length:
459:Iridium
352:History
96:scholar
5139:Kliper
5102:Avatar
5010:Dragon
4966:Active
4924:Spiral
4871:HOPE-X
4835:Ares V
4829:Ares I
4824:Angara
4798:SASSTO
4776:Vulcan
4749:Skylon
4738:RLV-TD
4684:CORONA
4645:Petrel
4603:Active
4496:ANGELS
4478:XSS-11
4465:XSS-10
4429:C/NOFS
4354:X-51A
4346:X-40A
2291:CL-475
2235:RQ-170
2195:AQM-60
2154:CL-400
2103:Hudson
1948:CL-288
1933:XF-104
1839:Saturn
1834:L-2000
1781:CP-140
1745:WC-130
1740:MC-130
1735:LC-130
1730:KC-130
1718:EC-130
1713:HC-130
1708:DC-130
1703:AC-130
1698:C-130J
1672:EC-121
1652:L-1249
1647:L-1049
1533:5 Vega
1278:"X-33"
925:"X-33"
679:Width:
457:, and
418:weight
333:, the
226:Status
213:Stages
197:Height
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
5118:SUSIE
5079:Orion
4909:Roton
4884:HOTOL
4861:Nexus
4419:TSX-5
4414:ARGOS
4398:ELFIN
4393:DANDE
4388:CUSat
4338:X-37
4316:X-33
4299:U.S.
4241:XQ-67
4236:XQ-58
4231:M2-F3
4226:M2-F2
4221:M2-F1
4216:HL-10
4211:HiMAT
4078:X-47C
4073:X-47B
4042:X-44
3930:X-24C
3635:27–32
3570:12–14
2520:Model
2459:Agena
2438:L-402
2377:X-26B
2372:X-24C
2357:XC-35
2337:L-301
2332:L-133
2296:XH-51
2275:T-50A
2240:SR-72
2077:YF-12
2040:YP-24
2035:XF-90
2030:XFM-2
2025:F-117
2000:A-4AR
1979:FB-22
1969:YF-22
1938:F-104
1886:XP-58
1881:XP-49
1807:C-141
1766:L-188
1750:L-100
1693:C-130
1677:XB-30
1667:C-121
1642:L-749
1637:L-649
1632:L-049
1454:(PDF)
1447:(PDF)
1411:(PDF)
1404:(PDF)
1320:(PDF)
1301:image
1224:(PDF)
1202:(PDF)
1085:(PDF)
1078:(PDF)
1058:DVIDS
882:Zarya
798:DC-XA
770:RL-10
603:DC-XA
284:[
103:JSTOR
89:books
5171:X-33
5160:SOAR
5144:Lynx
5039:X-15
4899:MAKS
4668:Amur
4651:Skua
4579:and
4483:ISAT
4450:TAOS
4206:AD-1
4186:X-66
4181:X-65
4176:X-64
4171:X-63
4166:X-62
4161:X-61
4156:X-60
4151:X-59
4146:X-58
4141:X-57
4136:X-56
4131:X-55
4126:X-54
4121:X-53
4116:X-52
4111:X-51
4095:X-50
4090:X-49
4085:X-48
4068:X-47
4063:X-46
4058:X-45
4038:X-43
4033:X-42
4028:X-41
4023:X-40
4018:X-39
4013:X-38
4008:X-37
4003:X-36
3998:X-35
3993:X-34
3988:X-33
3983:X-32
3978:X-31
3973:X-30
3968:X-29
3963:X-28
3958:X-27
3953:X-26
3937:X-25
3925:X-24
3920:X-23
3915:X-22
3910:X-21
3905:X-20
3900:X-19
3895:X-18
3890:X-17
3885:X-16
3880:X-15
3875:X-14
3870:X-13
3865:X-12
3860:X-11
3855:X-10
3560:7–10
3523:Vega
3514:2329
3509:2000
3504:1980
3499:1800
3494:1700
3489:1649
3484:1600
3479:1549
3474:1449
3469:1400
3464:1329
3459:1249
3454:1237
3449:1236
3444:1235
3439:1201
3434:1200
3429:1195
3424:1149
3419:1132
3414:1090
3409:1080
3404:1060
3392:1049
3387:1026
3382:1020
3377:1011
3372:1010
3367:1000
2412:XV-4
2402:X-59
2397:X-56
2392:X-55
2387:X-35
2382:X-33
2367:X-17
2265:T-33
2230:RQ-3
2215:Fury
2183:UAVs
2174:TR-X
2169:TR-1
2087:D-21
2082:M-21
2067:A-12
2020:F-35
2015:F-21
2010:F-16
1974:F-22
1912:T-33
1907:F-94
1902:F-80
1876:P-38
1776:EP-3
1662:C-69
1494:and
1419:2007
1379:2007
1366:X-33
1184:2011
1155:2008
1093:2011
1004:2009
977:2023
970:NASA
937:2015
599:VTVL
589:and
553:VTHL
521:and
519:NASA
370:X-34
295:The
205:Mass
192:Size
135:X-33
75:news
18:X-33
5134:H-2
4929:V-2
4889:K-1
4434:DSX
4378:3CS
3850:X-9
3845:X-8
3840:X-7
3835:X-6
3830:X-5
3825:X-4
3820:X-3
3815:X-2
3810:X-1
3785:S-5
3780:S-4
3775:S-3
3770:S-2
3765:S-1
3362:995
3357:985
3352:984
3347:981
3342:980
3337:977
3332:949
3327:934
3322:915
3317:901
3312:880
3307:849
3302:840
3297:823
3292:822
3287:785
3282:780
3277:760
3272:749
3267:704
3262:685
3257:680
3252:649
3247:645
3242:622
3237:595
3232:580
3227:549
3222:522
3217:520
3212:500
3207:489
3202:480
3197:475
3192:449
3187:437
3182:422
3177:414
3172:407
3167:402
3152:389
3147:382
3142:380
3137:379
3132:351
3127:349
3122:346
3117:331
3112:330
3107:329
3102:325
3097:322
3092:320
3087:301
3082:300
3077:298
3072:296
3067:295
3062:293
3057:288
3052:286
3047:285
3032:249
3027:246
3022:245
3017:244
3012:222
3007:212
3002:210
2997:207
2992:206
2987:204
2982:200
2977:199
2972:193
2967:189
2962:188
2957:186
2952:185
2947:182
2942:171
2937:170
2932:149
2927:144
2922:141
2917:140
2912:137
2907:136
2902:133
2897:129
2892:122
2887:105
2882:104
2877:100
2570:A/D
2407:XFV
2362:X-7
2270:T2V
2159:U-2
2005:A-9
1917:T2V
1849:R6V
1827:RAF
1802:C-5
1786:P-7
1771:P-3
1357:on
581:of
570:in
273:LH2
269:LOX
58:by
5218::
3690:43
3685:42
3680:41
3675:40
3670:39
3665:38
3660:37
3655:36
3650:35
3645:34
3640:33
3630:26
3625:25
3620:24
3615:23
3610:22
3605:21
3600:20
3595:19
3590:18
3585:17
3580:16
3575:15
3565:11
2872:99
2867:94
2862:93
2857:92
2852:91
2847:90
2842:89
2837:88
2832:87
2827:86
2822:85
2817:84
2812:83
2807:82
2802:81
2797:80
2792:75
2787:62
2782:61
2777:60
2772:52
2767:51
2762:50
2757:49
2752:45
2747:44
2742:42
2737:41
2732:40
2727:39
2722:38
2717:37
2712:36
2707:35
2702:34
2697:33
2692:32
2687:31
2682:30
2677:29
2672:28
2667:27
2662:26
2657:25
2652:24
2647:23
2642:22
2637:21
2632:20
2627:19
2622:18
2617:17
2612:16
2607:15
2602:14
2597:13
2592:12
2587:11
2582:10
1306:^
1280:.
1262:.
1244:,
1226:.
1204:.
1157:.
1134:^
1066:^
1056:.
1045:^
1031:.
1012:^
968:.
945:^
913:^
601:)
563:.
477:.
453:,
420:.
360:,
344:.
322:,
246:2
5179:*
5173:*
5167:*
5146:*
5114:*
5041:*
5030:*
5024:*
5018:*
4624:*
4569:e
4562:t
4555:v
4292:e
4285:t
4278:v
3746:(
3735:e
3728:t
3721:v
3555:6
3550:5
3545:4
3540:3
3535:2
3530:1
3397:A
2577:9
2565:8
2560:7
2555:6
2550:5
2545:4
2540:3
2535:2
2530:1
1538:6
1484:e
1477:t
1470:v
1437:.
1422:.
1394:.
1382:.
1322:.
1266:.
1230:.
1208:.
1186:.
1095:.
1060:.
1006:.
979:.
939:.
288:]
271:/
216:1
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
52:.
20:)
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