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loyalty to
Ukrainian state. On 6 November a ban on Polish press and publications was issued in Lviv by Ukrainian authorities and printing presses demolished (Poles had similarly banned Ukrainian publications in territories they controlled ) Ukrainian authorities tried to intimidate Polish population in Lviv by sending soldiers and armed trucks into the streets and dispersed crowds that could turn to Polish demonstrations. Christoph Mick states that initially, the Ukrainian government refused to take Polish hostages but as both the Polish civilian and military resistance to Ukrainian forces grew, Polish civilians were threatened with
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1675:. As a result, Petrushevych recognized that the West Ukrainian government could no longer work with Petliura's Directorate and on 15 November the West Ukrainian government left for exile in Vienna. The Directorate informed Poland on 2 December that it had no interest in western Ukraine. The West Ukrainian government-in-exile then "rejected the joint institutions" with the Directorate and on 20 December unilaterally repealed the Unification Act. The exiled government resumed the name West Ukrainian People's Republic at the beginning of 1920.
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participated and were represented by approximately 10 percent of the delegates. Localized anti-Jewish assaults and robberies by
Ukrainian peasants and soldiers, while far fewer in number and less brutal than similar actions by Poles, occurred between January and April 1919. The government publicly condemned such actions and intervened in defence of the Jewish community, imprisoning and even executing perpetrators of such crimes. The government also respected Jewish declared neutrality during the Polish-Ukrainian conflict. By the orders of
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49:
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the entire time of its existence there were no cases of mass repressions against national minorities in territories held by the West
Ukrainian People's Republic, Hrytsak states that this differentiated the Ukrainian government from that of Poland. Katarzyna Hibel writes that while officially West Ukrainian People's Republic like Poland declared guarantees of rights of its national minorities, in reality, both countries were violating them and treated other foreign nationalities like
1886:. It was to remain on the Polish side of the truce line under the management of an international commission, with 50% of oil production to be transferred to the Ukrainian side. Poland and ZUNR were only to be able to record the volume of production and pay for oil supplies. The project secured Entente interests in the oil basin and was the first step towards its neutralisation. At the time of the proposal, the territory of the basin was under the control of the
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Rusyns, Germans, Hungarians, Romanians, Czechs, Slovaks, Romani, Armenians and others. The cities and towns of this largely rural region were mostly populated by Poles and Jews, while the
Ukrainians dominated the countryside. Out of this region's 44 territorial divisions, Poles were a majority in only one - Lviv county. This would prove problematic for the Ukrainians, because largest city and proclaimed capital
2348:
West
Ukrainian government in its conflict with Poland. Jewish officers of the defunct Austro-Hungarian army joined the West Ukrainian military, and Jewish judges, lawyers, doctors and railroad employees joined the West Ukrainian civil service. From November 1918, ethnic Poles in the civil service who refused to pledge loyalty to the West Ukrainian government either quit
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telegraphs and railroads. Austrian laws remained temporarily in force. Likewise, the government generally retained the
Austrian system of tax collection, although war losses had impoverished the population and the amount of taxes collected was minimal. Most of the government's revenue came from the export of oil and salt.
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authorities mirrored Polish authorities by making speaking in Polish unwelcome. Mick acknowledges that
Ukrainian side during the siege of Lviv stopped caring about supplies reaching the city and attempted to disrupt water supply to city. Its fierce artillery fire killed many civilians, including women and children.
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With regard to the area of eastern
Galicia, the major powers opted for the so-called Mandate Concept on 20 November 1919. Poland would be given a mandate for East Galicia for twenty-five years, after which its further fate would be decided by the League of Nations. The matter did not continue. Poland
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The political fate of the western Lemko region took a different direction. The political involvement of Lemkos in
Gorlice, Grybów, Jasło, and Nowy Sącz were influenced to a considerably higher degree than in the eastern region by Austro-Hungarian repressions and the ensuing legend of Thalerhof, which
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According to historian
Christopher Mick, the Ukrainian government in general treated the Polish population under its control no worse than the Polish government treated the Ukrainians under its control., writing that Ukrainian authorities didn't treat the Polish population "gently" and that Ukrainian
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Although ethnic Poles represented only a small minority in the rural areas, they dominated the urban areas and almost 39% of eastern Galician lands had been in the hands of large Polish landowners prior to World War I. The Western Ukrainian People's Republic passed laws that confiscated vast manorial
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Relations between the western Ukrainian polity and the Kyiv-based Ukrainian People's Republic were at times strained. The leadership of the former tended to be more conservative in orientation. Well-versed in the culture of the Austrian parliamentary system and an orderly approach to government, they
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The Polish population was hostile to the newly formed West Ukrainian state. They considered it a rule "by bayonet, cudgel, and axe". Polish officials resigned en masse, which undermined the Republic's ability to lead an effective administration. Poles dominated the urban areas and started an uprising
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According to the Austro-Hungarian census of 1910, the territory claimed by the West Ukrainian People's Republic had about 5.4 million people. Of these, 3,291,000 (approximately 60%) were Ukrainians, 1,351,000 (approximately 25%) were Poles, 660,000 (approximately 12%) were Jews, and the rest included
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The liberal attitude taken towards Jews by the Western Ukrainian government could be attributed to the Habsburg tradition of inter-ethnic tolerance and cooperation leaving its mark on the intelligentsia and military officers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The friendly attitude
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Reflecting the republic's demographics, approximately one-third of the seats in the national parliament were reserved for the national minorities (Poles, Jews, Slovaks and others). The Poles boycotted the elections, while the Jews, despite declaring their neutrality in the Polish-Ukrainian conflict,
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Although relations between Poles and the West Ukrainian People's Republic were antagonistic, those between the Republic and its Jewish citizens was generally neutral or positive. Deep-seated rivalries existed between the Jewish and Polish communities, and anti-Semitism, particularly supported by the
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stated that the Ukrainian nationalism that developed before the First World War in Austria was anti-Polish, but neither "very xenophobic" nor antisemitic. In November 1918 a decision was made to include cabinet-level state secretaries of Polish, Jewish and German affairs. According to Hrytsak during
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The West Ukrainian government's friendly attitude towards Jews was reciprocated by many members of the Jewish community. Although Jewish political organizations officially declared their neutrality in the Polish-Ukrainian struggle, many individual Jews offered their support or sympathized with the
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Polish historian Rafał Galuba writes that Polish population was treated as second class citizens by West Ukrainian authorities After 1 November several members of Polish associations were arrested or interned by Ukrainian authorities; similar fate awaited officials who refused to swear an oath of
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The national movement in western Ukraine was as strong as in other eastern European countries, and the Ukrainian government was able to mobilize over 100,000 men, 40,000 of whom were battle-ready. Despite the strength of the Ukrainian nationalist forces, they received little support and enthusiasm
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estates from private landlords and distributed this land to landless peasants. Other than in those limited cases, the right to private property was made fundamental and expropriation of lands was forbidden. This differentiated the policies of the West Ukrainian People's Republic from those of the
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After a long series of further negotiations, on 14 March 1923 it was decided that eastern Galicia would be incorporated into Poland "taking into consideration that Poland has recognized that in regard to the eastern part of Galicia ethnographic conditions fully deserve its autonomous status." The
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oil fields by surprise but were driven back, outnumbered by the Ukrainians. The resulting stalemate saw the Poles retaining control over Lviv and a narrow strip of land around a railway linking the city to Poland, while the rest of eastern Galicia remained under the control of the West Ukrainian
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The Western Ukrainian government guaranteed Jewish cultural and national autonomy, provided Jewish communities with self-governing status, and promoted the formation of Jewish national councils which, with the approval of the Western Ukrainian government, established the Central Jewish National
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professionals. The boundaries of counties and communities remained the same as they had been during the time of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The county, regional, and local courts continued to function as they had while the country had been a part of Austria, as did schools, the postal service,
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The territory of the West Ukrainian People's Republic comprised 12 military districts, whose commanders were responsible for conscripting soldiers. The government was able to mobilize 100,000 soldiers in the spring of 1919, but due to a lack of military supplies, only 40,000 were battle-ready.
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Poles didn't support the Ukrainian authorities and set up an underground resistance movement that engaged in acts of sabotage. All fieldwork was stopped, the harvest destroyed and machinery purposely broken; Poles also issued to keep up the morale among the population. In response, Ukrainian
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argued that the Whites would be defeated anyway but that the alliance with them would strengthen relations with the Western powers, who supported the Whites and would help the Ukrainian military forces for their later struggle against the victorious Soviets. Such arguments were condemned by
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on 15 March 1923, with the reservation that Poland introduce autonomous status for this territory, a surrogate for which was the Act on Provincial Self-Government of September 1922, stating in its very title the special character of the territory of Eastern Galicia within the Polish state.
1953:. These efforts ultimately resulted in the League of Nations declaring on 23 February 1921 that Galicia lay outside the territory of Poland, that Poland did not have the mandate to establish administrative control in that country, and that Poland was merely the occupying military power of
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authorities engaged in terror, including mass executions, court martial and set up detention centers where some Poles were interned. The conditions in these camps involved unheated wooden barracks, lack of bedding and lack of medical care, resulting in high levels of morbidity from
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Klapchuk, Volodymyr & Klapchuk, Mykhailo & Pozdniakov, Oleksandr & Novosolov, Oleksandr. (2019). Administrative-territorial division and population dynamics in Galicia during the second half of the 19th century - the first third of the 20th century. Skhid. 17-24.
2289:, according to various sources from 300 to 600 (dying from typhoid) in Mikulińce, 100 in Kołomyja, and 16 to 40 in Brzeżany, due to unheated barracks at temperatures of −20 degrees Celsius. Cases of robbing, beating, torturing or shooting of Polish prisoners were reported.
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as the least desirable option following the First World War. In contrast to the antagonistic position taken by Polish authorities towards Jews, the Ukrainian government actively supported Jewish cultural and political autonomy as a way of promoting its own legitimacy.
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which would involve guaranteed autonomy within a Russian state. Western Ukrainian diplomats in Paris sought contact with Russian counterparts in that city. The Russian Whites had mixed views of this proposed alliance. On the one hand, they were wary of the Galicians'
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and concerned about the effect of such an alliance on their relationship with Poland. On the other hand, the Russians respected the discipline and training of the Galician soldiers and understood that an agreement with the Western Ukrainians would deprive Kyiv's
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stated that the anti-Polish violence under Ukrainian governance was widespread and organised by the government, rather than being spontaneous. He headed a rescue committee that provided food to the poorest, and along with the Greek Catholic Metropolitan
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treaty signed on 24 February 1919, and presented its proposals to the parties on 28 February, which was rejected by the West Ukrainian side. As a result of the failure to agree on the demarcation line, Polish-Ukrainian hostilities resumed on 2 March.
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it was forbidden to mobilize Jews against their will or to otherwise force them to contribute to the Ukrainian military effort. In an effort to aid Western Ukraine's economy, the Western Ukrainian government granted concessions to Jewish merchants.
2125:. The ruling National Democrats gave some of their seats to minor parties in order to ensure that the government represented a broad national coalition. In terms of the Ukrainian National Council's social background, 57.1% of its members came from
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edited by Kazimierz W. Kumaniecki, Warsaw-Krakow 1924, p. 676 ('Considerant qu'il est reconnu par la Pologne, qu'en ce qui concerne la partie orientale de la Galicie, les conditions ethnographiques necessitent un regime d'autonomie'. - French
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on 15 February 1919. The truce, along the Barthelemy Line, was to be purely military and not affect the decisions of the Paris Peace Conference in any way. An integral part of the convention was to be a supplementary treaty concerning the
3626:"Wojna na mapy" – "wojna na słowa". Onomastyczne i międzykulturowe aspekty polityki językowej II Rzeczpospolitej w stosunku do mniejszości ukraińskiej w Galicji Wschodniej w okresie międzywojennym page 106 Katarzyna Hibel LIT Verlag 2014
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by Ukrainian commander in chief for alleged attacks and shots on Ukrainian soldiers. In response, the Polish side proposed a peaceful solution of the conflict and joint Polish-Ukrainian militia to oversee the public safety in the city.
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took place in Lviv, where half of the residents were Polish and did not want to be part of a non-Polish state. A few weeks later Lviv's rebellious Poles received support from Poland. On 9 November, Polish forces attempted to seize the
1890:. For the West Ukrainian government, the terms of the Armistice Convention were unfavourable; however, they offered a chance to compromise with Poland and obtain international recognition of the Ukrainian state by the Entente.
2335:. The Ukrainian press maintained a friendly attitude towards the West Ukrainian Republic's Jewish citizens. Their Hebrew and Yiddish schools, cultural institutions and publishers were allowed to function without interference.
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The Polish side accepted this solution, but the Ukrainian delegation insisted on the 'San line'. As a result of the Ukrainian disapproval, the Entente delegation made another attempt at mediation. This was carried out by the
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were more chaotic and prone to committing pogroms, something actively opposed by the western Ukrainians. The poor discipline in Kyiv's army and the insubordination of its officers shocked the Galician delegates sent to Kyiv.
2948:, the western Ukrainian negotiator with the Kyiv government and primary author of the Union between the West Ukrainian Republic and the Kyiv-based Ukrainian People's Republic, expressed shock at the actions of the "rabble" (
93:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
3717:
Wojna polsko-ukraińska 1918–1919: działania bojowe, aspekty polityczne, kalendarium Grzegorz Łukomski, Czesław Partacz, Bogusław Polak Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Inżynierskiej w Koszalinie; Warszawa, 1994 – 285 page 96
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prevailed in the Inter-Socialist Commission for Poland, which advocated the purely military nature of possible agreements with the West Ukrainian People's Republic, without prejudging any political issues. Indeed,
3739:
Czesław Partacz – Wojna polsko-ukraińska o Lwów i Galicję Wschodnią 1918–1919 Przemyskie Zapiski Historyczne – Studia i materiały poświęcone historii Polski Południowo-Wschodniej. 2006–09 R. XVI-XVII (2010) page
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Wojna polsko-ukraińska 1918–1919: działania bojowe, aspekty polityczne, kalendarium Grzegorz Łukomski, Czesław Partacz, Bogusław Polak Wydawn. Wyższej Szkoły Inżynierskiej w Koszalinie; Warszawa, 1994 page
2364:. Jews were also able to create their own police units, and in some locations the Ukrainian government gave local Jewish militias responsibility for the maintenance of security and order. In the regions of
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of their Kyiv-based peers with some dismay and with the concern that the social unrest in the East would spread to Galicia. Likewise, the West Ukrainian troops were more disciplined while those of Kyiv's
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the French representative on the commission, warned the Ukrainians that their military advantage could disappear quickly once General Haller's Polish Army arrived from France." John Stephen Reshetar.
2009:. The Entente also never recognised the Western Ukrainian People's Republic. With regard to the territory of eastern Galicia, it attempted to introduce a makeshift solution, a long-lasting (25 years)
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Subcommittee for the Suspension of Arms on the Front of the Polish-Ukrainian Struggle in Eastern Galicia' was formed on 15 February 1919. Chairman: Joseph Barthélemy. Members: Robert Howard Lord (
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Council in December 1918 to represent Jewish interests in relation to the Ukrainian government and to the Western allies. The Council of Ministers of the West Ukrainian National Republic bought
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Since western Ukraine had a different tradition in its legal, social and political norms, it was to be autonomous within a united Ukraine. Furthermore, western Ukrainians retained their own
3617:
states: "Before the First World War Ukrainian nationalism under Austrian rule was neither very xenophobic nor aggressive. It was anti-Polish, which was understandable, but not antisemitic."
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exercised (with the exception of the period of the Soviet offensive in the summer of 1920) administrative functions in the area. This was attempted to be countered by the exiled Cabinet of
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on 1 November thwarted these plans, so the Entente states began to press both the Poles and Galicians to seek a settlement and adopt the demarcation line proposed by the allied states.
1549:, the West Ukrainian army was able to hold off Poland for approximately nine months, but by July 1919, Polish forces had taken over most of the territory claimed by the Western Oblast.
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An agreement to unite western Ukraine with the rest of Ukraine was made as early as 1 December 1918. The government of the West Ukrainian People's Republic officially united with the
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and therefore the Council of the League of Nations decides to submit the demands of the Galicians concerning the legal position of East Galicia and the future of that country to the
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1934:, and other territories (Article II), Poland recognized the Ukrainian People's Republic as an independent state (Article I) with borders as defined by Articles II and III and under
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or were fired; their positions were filled by large numbers of Jews who were willing to support the Ukrainian state. Jews served as judges and legal consultants in the courts in
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and government structure. Despite the formal union, the Western Ukrainian Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic fought in separate wars. The former was preoccupied with a
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from the local Ukrainian population; in general, the attitude was often that of indifference, and the male Ukrainian population often tried to avoid service in its military.
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2025:. Poland opposed these ideas, while at the same time pursuing a policy of establishing its own governance on the disputed territory, integrating it into the Polish state.
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3498:. - the official Polish text of the decision of the Conference of Ambassadors appearing in the Polish Journal of Laws of 20 April 1923 (Journal of Laws - 1923/49/333),
3420:; (3) Nor can the principles of the Hague Convention be applied to this case, because at the time when that Convention was signed, Poland as a state did not exist; (4)
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From 22 to 25 November elections took place in Ukrainian-controlled territory for the 150-member Ukrainian National Council that was to serve as the legislative body.
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In view of the fact that it has been recognised by Poland that, as regards the eastern part of Galicia, the ethnographic conditions make autonomous regime necessary'
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Christoph Mick. (2015). Lemberg, Lwow, Lviv, 1914–1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, pg. 177–184
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following day, the government of the West Ukrainian People's Republic disbanded. The Polish government reneged on its promise of autonomy for eastern Galicia.
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In Zloczow 17 Poles were executed by Ukrainian authorities In Brzuchowice Polish railwaymen who refused to comply with Ukrainian orders to work were executed
3791:
Christoph Mick. (2015). Lemberg, Lwow, Lviv, 1914–1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, pg. 180
3699:
Christoph Mick. (2015). Lemberg, Lwow, Lviv, 1914–1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, pg. 150
3678:
Christoph Mick. (2015). Lemberg, Lwow, Lviv, 1914–1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, pg. 175
2777:(Fall 1993). "The Ukrainian question between Poland and Czechoslovakia: The Lemko Rusyn republic (1918–1920) and political thought in western Rus'-Ukraine".
2156:) until 26 May 1919. Despite the war, the West Ukrainian People's Republic maintained the stability of the pre-war Austrian administration intact, employing
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sentiment prevailed among its inhabitants, who were opposed to a union with the West Ukrainian People's Republic and instead sought unification with Russia.
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Two smaller states west of the West Ukrainian People's Republic also declared independence as result of the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The
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His policy was not changed by the statement of the Council of Ambassadors on 12 July 1921 not to recognise the ZURL government as representing East Galicia
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2376:, and Jewish youths worked as scouts for the West Ukrainian military. Most of the Jews cooperating with and serving in the West Ukrainian military were
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3416:; (2) The provisions on the execution of mandates and the control of the League of Nations over mandataries cannot be applied to East Galicia because
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The West Ukrainian People's Republic governed an area with a population of approximately 4 million people for much of its nine-month existence.
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3422:...Poland is only the de facto military occupier of Galicia, the sovereign being the Entente States (Art. 91 of the Treaty of Saint Germain-en-Laye)
96:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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17:
1488:. This made the West Ukrainian government unable to exert control over the western half of its territory, and made the Polish offensive possible.
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In general, the government of the West Ukrainian People's Republic was orderly and well-organized. This contrasted with the chaotic state of the
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In this situation, General Barthelemy presented his compromise proposal on 28 January 1919. The armistice line was to run along the Bug River to
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1659:, without authorization from their government, signed a ceasefire with the White Russians and placed their army under White Russian authority.
1446:) planned to declare the West Ukrainian People's Republic on 3 November 1918, but moved the date forward to 1 November due to reports that the
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continued to deteriorate, in part because the Western Ukrainians saw the Poles as the main enemy (with the Russians a potential ally) while
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3408:"Under pressure from the United Kingdom, the Council of the League of Nations adopted on 23 February 1921. a resolution stating that: (1)
2253:. According to this law, however, members of national minorities had the right to communicate with the government in their own languages.
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2380:. In general, Jews made up the largest group of non-ethnic Ukrainians who participated in all branches of the West Ukrainian government.
2117:(secretary of education and religious affairs), among others. The country essentially had a two-party political system, dominated by the
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had 49.4% Polish population compared to 19.9% Ukrainian population; and was considered by Poland to be one of its most important cities.
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Rafał Galuba, "Let us be judged by sword and blood ...". Konflikt polsko-ukraiński o Galicję Wschodnią w latach 1918-1919, Poznań 2004,
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Rafał Galuba, "Let us be judged by sword and blood ...". Konflikt polsko-ukraiński o Galicję Wschodnią w latach 1918-1919, Poznań 2004,
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attending the Peace Conference in Paris, asking for help and alleging the brutal murders of Polish priests and civilians by Ukrainians.
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dissolved on 15 March 1923, and most of its members returned to Poland, being actively involved in the political and social life of the
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1922:, officially recognizing Polish control over the disputed territory of Eastern Galicia. In exchange for agreeing to a border along the
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2405:. After the act of unification with the Ukrainian People's Republic, the banknotes in circulation were overprinted with nominals in
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2133:. In terms of the identified council members' vocational background, approximately 30% were lawyers, 22% were teachers, 14% were
1318:, the exiled West Ukrainian government broke with the UPR. The exiled government continued its claim until it dissolved in 1923.
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rampant. The colours of the flag were blue and yellow, with the blue in a much lighter shade than in the modern Ukrainian Flag.
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Dictatorship of the Western Province of the Ukrainian National Republic in the Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 1 (1984)
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functioned as the Republic's capital from 1 November until the loss of that city to Polish forces on 21 November, followed by
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Tomasz J. Kopański, Wojna polsko-ukraińska 1918––1919 i jej bohaterowie, Wojskowe Centrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej, Warsaw 2013
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1434:(a council consisting of all Ukrainian representatives from both houses of the Austrian parliament and from the provincial
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Social-Political Portrait of the Ukrainian Leadership of Galicia and Bokovyna during the Reovlutionary Years of 1918–1919
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Konflikt polsko-ukraiński w prasie Polski Zachodniej w latach 1918–1923 Marek Figura Wydawn. Poznańskie, page 120, 2001
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Ukrainian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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3544:(Ukrainian; Essays on the History of Ukraine: the Formation of the Modern Ukrainian Nation). Kyiv, Ukraine: Chapter 3.
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2001:) recognised Eastern Galicia as disputed territory not belonging to the Polish state until 14 March 1923, over which
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railway line was to remain in Ukrainian hands. This was to be a temporary line, until the matter was settled by the
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3635:„Niech nas rozsądzi miecz i krew”...Konflikt polsko-ukraiński o Galicję Wschodnią w latach 1918–1919, Poznań 2004,
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In a report that he submitted to the Polish Foreign Ministry in early 1920, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Lviv
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2021:. The political intention of the Entente states at the time was to preserve the territory of eastern Galicia for
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The Western Ukrainians continued pressing their interests during the negotiations following World War I at the
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had also claimed this territory, and by July occupied most of it and forced the West Ukrainian government into
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fostered the spread of anti-Ukrainian attitudes. Those feelings also led to the rise of the Florynka Republic.
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1606:). On 16 July 1919, the remaining army consisting of about 50,000 soldiers, crossed into the territory of the
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2928:. Edmonton, Alberta: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press at the University of Alberta, pp. 134–144.
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The Styr River valley had seen significant fighting between Russia and the Central Powers during World War I.
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Udział duchowieństwa w polskim życiu politycznym w latach 1914–1924 page 300 Michał Piela RW KUL, 1994 – 359
2895:. Edmonton, Alberta: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press at University of Alberta. pp. 48–58.
1723:
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5135:
5109:
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4732:
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3272:"Let us be judged by sword and blood ...". Konflikt polsko-ukraiński o Galicję Wschodnią w latach 1918-1919
2439:
1941:
Neither the Polish government in Warsaw nor the exiled Western Ukrainian government agreed to this treaty.
1867:
1447:
1018:
793:
4057:
3983:
5087:
4870:
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4164:
3920:
3614:
3339:
2583:
Ethnic groups and population changes in twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe: history, data, analysis
2315:
1931:
1926:, recognizing the recent Polish territorial gains in western Ukraine, as well as the western portions of
1734:
1595:
1114:
1066:
1023:
571:
507:
2716:
5309:
5142:
5048:
5007:
4897:
4712:
4257:
4241:
3383:
2944:. Edmonton, Alberta: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, University of Alberta pg. 148: Dr.
2130:
1652:
1578:
958:
878:
228:
2718:
State Building in Revolutionary Ukraine: A Comparative Study of Governments and Bureaucrats, 1917-1922
2715:
Velychenko, Stephen (2017). "The Western Ukrainian National Republic, November 1918 to October 1920".
5520:
4875:
4848:
4301:
4185:
3017:
Spór o Galicję Wschodnią 1914–1923 Ludwik Mroczka. Wydawnictwo Naukowe WSP, January 1998 page 106-108
2961:
2568:
1958:
1788:
line. It then travelled to Lviv, meeting with the Ukrainian delegation. The Ukrainians opted for the
1159:
873:
866:
3395:
943:
5535:
5530:
5139:
4680:
4636:
3819:
Nationalizing a Borderland: War, ethnicity, and anti-Jewish violence in Eastern Galicia, 1914–1920.
2698:
2126:
1759:
1557:
1439:
1342:
738:
112:
2926:
Russian nationalism and Ukraine: the nationality policy of the volunteer army during the Civil War
2052:
Following a decision by the Council of Ambassadors, the West Ukrainian government in exile led by
1463:
5349:
5192:
5160:
5129:
4968:
4938:
4822:
4539:
4335:
3662:
Spór o Galicję Wschodnią 1914–1923 Ludwik Mroczka. Wydawnictwo Naukowe WSP, January 1998 page 102
2480:
2373:
2122:
1915:
1887:
1744:
1656:
1553:
1311:
1272:
763:
5575:
5384:
5220:
5170:
4384:
4267:
4200:
4141:
3425:
3226:
3061:
A Simple Question of ‘Pragmatism’? Sovietophilism in the West Ukrainian Emigration in the 1920s
2402:
2385:
2319:
2200:
2041:
1994:
1982:
1855:
1647:
1512:
1303:
913:
493:
418:
3909:
3164:
vol. II 1914-1939, first national edition, Gdańsk 1990, published by Oficyna wydawnicza Graf,
2909:
2372:
approximately a third of the police force was Jewish. Jews fielded their own battalion in the
2331:
textbooks and visual aids for Jewish schools and provided assistance to Jewish victims of the
1625:
in Kyiv considered the Poles a potential ally against his Russian enemies. In response to the
5324:
5187:
5104:
4958:
4762:
4439:
4236:
3267:
1990:
1927:
1851:
1751:
601:
133:
2332:
5319:
5272:
5182:
5099:
5073:
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4836:
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4653:
4621:
3238:
2779:
2138:
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2014:
1907:
1773:. Initially, the mission familiarised itself with the Polish position, which opted for the
1714:
1663:
1626:
1618:
1546:
1516:
788:
778:
708:
4459:
8:
5389:
5197:
5124:
5119:
4921:
4907:
4769:
4444:
4434:
3944:
3455:
3038:
2893:
The Ukrainian-Polish defensive alliance, 1919–1921: an aspect of the Ukrainian revolution
2774:
2520:
2412:
Along with these official issues, some cities printed their local contingency banknotes (
2340:
2090:
1816:
1754:
countries sought to form a common anti-Bolshevik front, which was to include the Polish,
1667:
1614:
1511:
it planned to unite with the West Ukrainian People's Republic, but was suppressed by the
1307:
1256:
993:
853:
756:
658:
653:
3862:"Jewish Battalion of the Ukrainian Galician Army | Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 2"
2318:, became a feature of Polish national ideology. As a result, many Jews came to consider
2297:
1629:
diplomatic talks with Poland, the Western Ukrainian government sent a delegation to the
5413:
5372:
5304:
5207:
5152:
5068:
5043:
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4742:
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4469:
4454:
3772:
2817:
The Lemko Region in the Second Polish Republic Political and Interdenominational Issues
2796:
2246:
2097:
parliament, automatically became the Republic's president. Subordinated to him was the
1373:
1150:
963:
813:
648:
580:
521:
299:
162:
3534:
3353:
Lytvyn, Mykola Romanovych; Rubliov, Oleksandr Serhiyovych (2005). Smoliy, V.A. (ed.).
1259:. Politically, the Ukrainian National Democratic Party (the precursor of the interwar
5247:
5242:
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5053:
5033:
4752:
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4035:
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2010:
1962:
1630:
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978:
838:
803:
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693:
628:
108:
1613:
The same month, the Western Oblast established a government-in-exile in the city of
5422:
5394:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5148:
4658:
4646:
4494:
4464:
3270:
Howard's proposal was not supported by a majority of the Commission. Rafał Galuba,
3234:
2945:
2788:
2722:
2614:
2328:
2237:
2157:
2110:
2053:
1769:, a peacekeeping mission under the command of General Joseph Barthelemy arrived in
1326:
1310:. When the UPR decided late the same year that it would trade the territory for an
973:
782:
772:
671:
638:
618:
307:
2225:
5299:
5237:
4943:
4695:
4474:
4131:
3995:
3974:
Western Ukrainian National Republic in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 5 (1993)
3610:
3573:
3560:
3541:
3477:. Konflikt polsko-ukraiński o Galicję Wschodnią w latach 1918-1919, Poznań 2004,
3263:
3258:
advocated linking the possible agreement with WUNR to the promise of recognition
3246:
3205:
3198:
3067:
3060:
2757:
2621:
2357:
2196:
2153:
2106:
2094:
2081:
2045:
2013:
for Poland to administer Galicia, with the territory being granted the status of
1986:
1954:
1688:
1534:
1459:
1435:
1330:
1244:
1220:
1041:
903:
808:
743:
613:
591:
452:
303:
285:
3988:
2168:
2129:, 23.8% from peasant households, 4.8% from urban backgrounds, and 2.4% from the
5427:
5362:
5252:
4990:
4953:
4705:
4675:
4616:
4449:
4231:
3904:
3851:. Edmonton, Alberta: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, pp.409–420.
3418:
Poland has not been given a mandate, but only the right to administer this land
3250:
3113:
2815:
2250:
2176:
1911:
1847:
1796:
1672:
1642:
1622:
1603:
1565:
1372:
were among the largest in Europe. Rail connections to Russian-ruled Ukraine or
1369:
1104:
908:
823:
703:
323:
201:
2792:
2726:
1807:(leaving Mikołajów itself on the Ukrainian side), then along the railway line
5474:
5456:
5443:
4789:
4489:
3368:
3222:
2161:
2102:
1863:
1755:
1655:, at war with the Russian Whites, of its best soldiers. In November 1919 the
1638:
1637:, head of the Western Ukrainian state secretariat, proposed an alliance with
1634:
1633:, but ultimately rejected Soviet conditions for an alliance. In August 1919,
1006:
828:
818:
688:
1430:
The West Ukrainian People's Republic was proclaimed on 1 November 1918. The
1251:. Apart from lands of Eastern Galicia, it also claimed the northern part of
4087:
3720:
Kiedy w Brzuchowicach kolejarze polscy odmówili pracy, zostali rozstrzelani
3414:
cannot be applied to East Galicia because it lies outside the Polish border
2384:
towards Jews that the Galician Ukrainians had was in stark contrast to the
2242:
1923:
1919:
1504:
1385:
1322:
923:
728:
4601:
3891:
Illustrated Postage Stamp History of Western Ukrainian Republic 1918–1919
3255:
3070:
Working Paper: Koszalin Institute of Comparative European Studies pp.6–16
2305:
he tried to negotiate a peace between the Polish and Ukrainian populace.
2037:
2002:
1789:
1774:
1271:, liberal and socialist ideology. Other parties represented included the
833:
289:
4484:
3832:
The Lands Between: Conflict in the East European Borderlands, 1870–1992.
1783:
1500:
1485:
1477:
1248:
5367:
5357:
5292:
4757:
4606:
4591:
4479:
4323:
3535:Нариси Історії України: Формування модерної української нації XIX-XX ст
2105:(president of the secretariat and the Republic's minister of finance),
2018:
1409:
1381:
988:
678:
643:
623:
115:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
2854:[Western Oblast of the Ukrainian People's Republic (WOUPR)].
2285:. Estimated casualties at these camps include nearly 900 at a camp in
2137:, 13% were priests, and 5% were civil servants. Approximately 28% had
1972:
4727:
4586:
4411:
4110:
2188:
2172:
1894:
1542:
1468:
1393:
1361:
1287:
1236:
933:
380:
3687:
Lwów 1918–1919 Michał Klimecki Dom Wydawniczy Bellona, 1998, page 99
2483:
or UHA, the military forces of the West Ukrainian National Republic.
1770:
1476:
against the Ukrainian rule not only in Lviv, but also in Drohobych,
1451:
4531:
4045:Західно-Українська Народна Республіка 1918-1923. Енциклопедія. Т. 4
4032:Західно-Українська Народна Республіка 1918-1923. Енциклопедія. Т. 3
4019:Західно-Українська Народна Республіка 1918–1923. Енциклопедія. Т. 2
4006:Західно-Українська Народна Республіка 1918–1923. Енциклопедія. Т. 1
2369:
2361:
2353:
2149:
1824:
1804:
1683:
1520:
1443:
1413:
1405:
1389:
1365:
1252:
1240:
1232:
1228:
848:
733:
554:
281:
3500:
Odbudowa państwowości polskiej. Most important documents 1912-1924
3433:. Konflikt polsko-ukraiński o Galicję Wschodnią w latach 1918-1919
5581:
Countries and territories where Ukrainian is an official language
5287:
5282:
5267:
5262:
4562:
3916:
3043:
The roots of Ukrainian nationalism: Galicia as Ukraine's Piedmont
2413:
2377:
2282:
2273:
On 29 May 1919 the archbishop Jozef Bilczewski sent a message to
2192:
2036:
becoming unachievable, the Council of Ambassadors recognised the
1617:. Relations between the exiled West Ukrainian government and the
1508:
1507:, existed between 4 November 1918 and 23 January 1919. Being pro-
1397:
718:
698:
683:
633:
558:
546:
3181:"According to a member of the Ukrainian delegation in Lviv, Dr.
2433:
Map of the areas claimed by the West Ukrainian National Republic
2401:
The republic did not have its own currency, but rather used the
90:
5277:
4611:
3609:"Bandera – Romantic Terrorist, interview with Jarosław Hrycak.
2365:
2226:
Policies towards national minorities and inter-ethnic relations
2134:
2057:
1935:
1800:
1538:
1496:
1481:
1299:
550:
328:
4021:: З–О. Івано-Франківськ : Манускрипт-Львів, 2019. 832 с.
4008:: А–Ж. Івано-Франківськ : Манускрипт-Львів, 2018. 688 с.
2489:, revolutionary government installed by Soviet Russia in 1920.
2152:
until late December 1918 and then by Stanislaviv (present-day
1458:. Shortly after the republic proclaimed independence from the
4596:
3237:) The sub-commission was to bring about the cessation of the
2862:] (in Ukrainian). Institute of History of Ukraine at the
2286:
1871:
1850:. The sub-commission consisted of General Joseph Barthelemy (
1820:
1812:
1610:
and continued the struggle for Ukrainian independence there.
1377:
1223:
from November 1918 to July 1919. It included major cities of
3513:
State Secretariat of the Western Ukrainian National Republic
2841:
1803:, then along the Bóbrka-Wybranka railway line, westwards to
4001:
People's war 1917–1932 by Kyiv city organization "Memorial"
3187:
The Ukrainian Revolution, 1917–1920: A Study of Nationalism
2388:, which enjoyed no sympathy amongst the Jewish population.
2145:
2017:. The expiry of the mandate period was to be followed by a
1808:
1691:
with the partition proposals from January and February 1919
1455:
1401:
1354:
1224:
277:
2982:
Jews in Ukrainian literature: representation and identity.
2222:
that arose on the territory of the former Russian Empire.
1419:
4047:: Т - Я. Івано-Франківськ: Манускрипт-Львів, 2021.688 с.
4034:: П - С. Івано-Франківськ: Манускрипт-Львів, 2020.576 с.
3752:
Polish-Ukrainian conflict of Eastern Galicia in 1918–1919
2823:. Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press. pp. 15–16.
2093:, the chairman of the Council and a former member of the
2851:Західна область Української Народної Республіки (ЗО УНР)
3821:
Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, pp.97–101.
3020:
2999:
2987:
1214:
1202:
1176:
1164:
221:
1846:
subcommittee set up on 15 February 1919 and headed by
1739:, that was supposed to cease the fighting between the
1541:
of the Ukrainian People's Republic. This was mostly a
123:{{Translated|uk|Західноукраїнська Народна Республіка}}
82:
a machine-translated version of the Ukrainian article.
3900:, University of Toronto Press: Toronto, Canada, 1963.
3854:
3087:"Western Province of the Ukrainian National Republic"
2952:) when the Ukrainian People's Republic came to power.
2695:
Oil empire: visions of prosperity in Austrian Galicia
2256:
939:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
3849:
Ukrainian-Jewish relations in historical perspective
3115:Акт Злуки: на шляху до створення Української держави
2966:
Ukrainian nationalism in the 1990s: a minority faith
2005:
was to be exercised by the Entente states under the
1219:), was a short-lived polity that controlled most of
86:
3208:. University of Kansas, lecture notes by professor
3080:
3078:
3076:
2308:
1973:
The Entente powers and the issue of Eastern Galicia
5571:Institutions with the title of National in Ukraine
3908:
1537:, after which the former was known as the Western
3189:. Princeton University Press. 1952. pp. 273, 176.
2936:
2934:
2721:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 208–223.
2245:. On 15 February 1919 a law was passed that made
1758:, Romanian and Ukrainian armies. The outbreak of
1193:Western Oblast of the Ukrainian People's Republic
5472:
3613:, May 10, 2008. Hrytsak, a history professor at
3073:
2942:Ukraine and Russia in their historical encounter
2062:Ukrainian minority in the Second Polish Republic
3845:Jewish-Ukrainian Relations During the Holocaust
2374:army of the Western Ukrainian National Republic
1981:approved the provisional administration of the
1815:to the border of the disputed territory in the
1282:The ZUNR emerged as a breakaway state amid the
1208:
1198:Західна область Української Народної Республіки
1196:
1170:
215:
154:
3597:Michel Europa-Katalog Ost 1985/86, Westukraine
3045:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pg. 28
2931:
1204:Zakhidna oblast Ukrainskoi Narodnoi Respubliky
111:accompanying your translation by providing an
73:Click for important translation instructions.
60:expand this article with text translated from
5556:States and territories disestablished in 1919
4547:
4073:
3951:, University of Toronto Press: Toronto 1996,
3893:(Yonkers, NY: Philatelic Publications, 1973).
3847:. In Peter J. Potichnyj, Howard Aster (eds.)
3352:
3262:(of which WUNR was formally a part after the
2710:
2708:
2232:Jewish-Ukrainian relations in Eastern Galicia
1122:
3327:
2976:
2974:
2645:
2643:
2469:The West Ukrainian People's Republic in 1919
1799:, then along the border of the districts to
1765:On 19 January 1919, by the order of General
4089:Modern Ukraine after the Russian Revolution
3356:Західноукраїнська Народна Республіка (ЗУНР)
2984:New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 94–95
2743:
5551:States and territories established in 1918
4554:
4540:
4511:Congress of the Enslaved Peoples of Russia
4080:
4066:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3777:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3111:
2714:
2705:
2674:
2605:. New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 134
1901:
1728:proposed a demarcation line, known as the
1594:Part of the defeated army found refuge in
1191:), known for part of its existence as the
1129:
1115:
251:
3695:
3693:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3333:
3055:
3053:
3051:
2971:
2920:
2918:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2649:
2640:
2562:
1993:states and the bodies appointed by them (
3903:
3026:
3005:
2993:
2905:
2686:
2167:
2071:
1957:, whose fate would be determined by the
1893:The commission succeeded in getting the
1682:
257:West Ukrainian People's Republic in 1918
5566:Former countries of the interwar period
4101:Universals (Central Council of Ukraine)
3794:
3766:Let the sword and the blood judge us...
3600:
3584:
3582:
3361:West Ukrainian People's Republic (WUPR)
3084:
2864:National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
2807:
2773:
1420:Independence and struggle for existence
14:
5473:
4419:Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance
4278:Central Executive Committee of Ukraine
4181:Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets
3834:Oxford: Oxford University Press pg. 93
3749:
3690:
3665:
3518:
3515:Encyclopedia of Ukraine, (1993) vol. 5
3475:Let us be judged by sword and blood...
3431:Let us be judged by sword and blood...
3410:The provisions of the Peace Conference
3048:
2915:
2877:
2860:Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine
2847:
2813:
2553:10.21847/1728-9343.2019.2(160).164762.
1870:). The subcommittee presented a draft
1598:and became known there under the name
1589:
1261:Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance
949:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
32:Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets
4535:
4061:
3460:. Karol Grünberg, Bolesław Sprenger,
3412:on the rights of national minorities
3112:Bilorusets, Hanna (19 January 2020).
2890:
2692:
2681:Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 5, 1993
2457:Territorial claims of Ukraine in 1918
2185:postage stamps issued by the republic
2113:(secretary of internal affairs), and
402:• Government-in-exile dissolved
4561:
3579:
3162:Najnowsza historia polityczna Polski
1944:
1760:Polish-Ukrainian hostilities in Lviv
1166:Zakhidnoukrainska Narodna Respublika
1155:Західноукраїнська Народна Республіка
156:Західноукраїнська Народна Республіка
42:
5501:Aftermath of World War I in Ukraine
4191:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
3989:Introduction to Ukrainian Philately
2968:. Cambridge University Press pg. 13
2683:entry written by Andrzej Chojnowski
2080: Ukrainian-inhabited areas of
1792:line as a future demarcation line.
24:
4686:Revolution and War of Independence
4211:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic
4206:Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
2848:Lytvyn, Mykola Romanovych (2005).
2487:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic
2257:Treatment of the Polish population
1837:Inter-allied Commission for Poland
1678:
1560:, while the latter struggled with
25:
5592:
5546:1919 disestablishments in Ukraine
5526:States succeeding Austria-Hungary
4516:All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets
4331:Ukrainian Social Democratic Party
4196:Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic
3966:
3864:. encyclopediaofukraine.com. 1989
3817:Alexander Victor Prusin. (2005).
2445:Rail lines of Galicia before 1897
2211:Kyiv-based Ukrainian government.
2032:in Russia and the restoration of
1426:November Uprising (Lemberg, 1918)
1380:on a line from Lviv to the upper
969:Post-Soviet transition in Ukraine
27:1918–1919 state in Central Europe
5481:West Ukrainian People's Republic
5003:Ukraine–European Union relations
4859:Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine
4701:West Ukrainian People's Republic
4227:West Ukrainian People's Republic
3607:Bandera – romantyczny terrorysta
3245:could settle the nationality of
2493:1918 Russia–Ukraine negotiations
2462:
2450:
2438:
2426:
2316:Polish National Democratic Party
2309:Treatment of the Jewish minority
1999:Council of the League of Nations
1574:socialist revolutionary attitude
1519:, centred around the village of
1286:, and in January 1919 nominally
1147:West Ukrainian National Republic
1143:West Ukrainian People's Republic
1098:
899:West Ukrainian People's Republic
844:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
590:
526:
512:
498:
484:
467:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
459:
445:
233:
194:
180:
151:West Ukrainian People's Republic
47:
18:West Ukrainian National Republic
5491:Ukrainian independence movement
4507:All-Ukrainian National Congress
3898:Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia
3837:
3824:
3785:
3743:
3733:
3724:
3711:
3702:
3681:
3656:
3646:
3629:
3620:
3591:
3547:
3506:
3488:
3467:
3446:
3402:
3346:
3336:Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia
3302:
3285:
3215:
3192:
3175:
3151:
3134:
3105:
3032:
3011:
2955:
2767:
2751:Ukrainian-Polish War in Galicia
2658:McGill-Queen's University Press
2585:. M.E. Sharpe, 2003. pp.92–93.
2191:of existing stamps produced by
2028:Following the consolidation of
1877:Boryslav-Drohobychian Oil Basin
1267:, guided by varying degrees of
5541:1918 establishments in Ukraine
5511:History of Carpathian Ruthenia
5486:History of Ukraine (1918–1991)
4785:Annexation of Crimea by Russia
4642:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
4380:Polish Democratic Center Party
3972:Vasyl Markus, Matvii Stakhiv,
2626:
2608:
2595:
2575:
2556:
2546:
2526:
2505:
2121:and by its smaller rival, the
1866:) and Major Giovanni Stabile (
1666:, Western Ukrainian president
1360:The oil reserves near Lviv at
1284:dissolution of Austria-Hungary
769:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
724:Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'
121:You may also add the template
13:
1:
5561:History of Zakarpattia Oblast
5506:Russian Revolution in Ukraine
4395:Socialist Revolutionary Party
3984:Short mention of ZUNR history
3830:Alexander V. Prusin. (2010).
3367:(in Ukrainian). Vol. 3.
3314:www.encyclopediaofukraine.com
2603:The Reconstruction of Nations
2539:
2067:
1664:Kyiv's Directorate government
1525:Western Ukrainian Russophiles
1347:
889:Ukrainian War of Independence
5315:Intangible Cultural Heritage
4733:Eastern Front (World War II)
4718:Ukrainian National Committee
4342:Soviet of Peasants Deputies
4293:Ukrainian Socialist Parties
3365:Енциклопедія історії України
2940:Peter J. Potichnyj. (1992).
2856:Енциклопедія історії України
2693:Frank, Alison Fleig (2005).
2650:Shkandrij, Myroslav (2001).
2119:Ukrainian National Democrats
2109:(head of the armed forces),
1448:Polish Liquidation Committee
884:Ukraine after the Revolution
229:Ukraine has not yet perished
7:
4691:Ukrainian People's Republic
4353:Soviet of Soldiers Deputies
4165:Crimean Regional Government
4137:Ukrainian People's Republic
4127:Ukrainian People's Republic
3921:University of Toronto Press
3615:Central European University
3464:, Warsaw 2005, pp. 264-265.
3340:University of Toronto Press
3260:Ukrainian People's Republic
3233:), Major Giovanni Stabile (
3059:Christopher Gilley (2006).
2980:Myroslav Shkandrij (2009).
2523:existed from 1919 to 1923).
2517:Ukrainian People's Republic
2474:
2396:
1608:Ukrainian People's Republic
1532:Ukrainian People's Republic
1292:Ukrainian People's Republic
1215:
1203:
1177:
1165:
1024:Russian invasion of Ukraine
984:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
894:Ukrainian People's Republic
609:Trypillian–Cucuteni culture
508:First Czechoslovak Republic
480:Ukrainian People's Republic
222:
36:Ukrainian People's Republic
10:
5597:
5516:History of Eastern Galicia
4713:Reichskommissariat Ukraine
4391:Russian Socialist Parties
4350:Soviet of Workers Deputies
4258:Central Council of Ukraine
3880:
3158:Władysław Pobóg-Malinowski
2615:Населення Східної Галичини
2419:
2391:
2229:
1862:), Dr Robert Howard Lord (
1713:In at attempt to stop the
1515:. On 5 December 1918, the
1423:
1340:
1336:
959:Reichskommissariat Ukraine
929:Communist Party of Ukraine
879:Ukraine during World War I
350:Ukrainian National Council
267:Partially recognized state
85:Machine translation, like
29:
5407:
5348:
5206:
5095:
5086:
5029:
5020:
4929:
4920:
4844:
4835:
4805:
4579:
4570:
4521:Labor Congress of Ukraine
4503:
4427:
4376:Polish Socialist Parties
4356:Jewish Socialist Parties
4345:Ukrainian Peasant Society
4286:
4250:
4219:
4186:Ukrainian Soviet Republic
4173:
4160:Crimean People's Republic
4152:
4120:Ukrainian national states
4119:
4096:
3572:24 September 2015 at the
3540:27 September 2011 at the
3533:Jarosław Hrycak. (1996).
3066:30 September 2007 at the
2814:Moklak, Jarosław (2012).
2793:10.1080/00905999308408278
2727:10.3138/9781442686847-010
2569:Columbia University Press
2101:, whose members included
2007:peace treaty with Austria
1918:to a border on the river
1696: No Ukrainian claims
1523:, declared independence.
1376:were few; these included
1209:
1197:
1171:
1154:
874:Modern history of Ukraine
542:
424:
414:
410:
400:
390:
377:
367:
363:
355:
345:
337:
313:
295:
273:
262:
250:
216:
210:
176:
171:
155:
149:
62:the corresponding article
5145:hybrid variant (2020-22)
4934:Administrative divisions
4637:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
3643:, pages 145–146, 159–160
3364:
3355:
3114:
3085:Stakhiv, Matvii (1993).
2855:
2850:
2699:Harvard University Press
2634:"Entry Display Web Page"
2601:Timothy Snyder. (2003).
2563:Armstrong, John (1963).
2511:It was later a disputed
2498:
739:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
734:Principality of Moldavia
30:Not to be confused with
4780:2014 pro-Russian unrest
4336:Ukrainian Radical Party
4242:Kuban People's Republic
4153:Crimean national states
4106:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
3994:31 January 2010 at the
3563:Oleh Pavlyshyn (2000).
3462:Difficult Neighbourhood
3204:5 February 2012 at the
3091:Encyclopedia of Ukraine
2891:Palij, Michael (1995).
2762:Encyclopedia of Ukraine
2620:31 October 2010 at the
2481:Ukrainian Galician Army
2123:Ukrainian Radical Party
1938:Petliura's leadership.
1902:Treaty of Warsaw (1920)
1888:Ukrainian Galician Army
1854:) as chairman, Colonel
1719:Marie Joseph Barthélemy
1657:Ukrainian Galician Army
1653:Ukrainian People's Army
1579:Ukrainian People's Army
1554:Ukrainian Galician Army
1495:, an association of 30
1432:Ukrainian National Rada
1400:, and a line along the
1273:Ukrainian Radical Party
944:Ukraine in World War II
223:Shche ne vmerla Ukrainy
132:For more guidance, see
5385:Immigration to Ukraine
5059:Science and technology
5008:Ukraine–NATO relations
4385:Polish Socialist Party
4201:Odessa Soviet Republic
3843:Aharon Weiss. (1990).
3750:Galuba, Rafał (2004).
3426:Council of Ambassadors
3334:Kubijovic, V. (1963).
3243:Paris Peace Conference
3227:Adrian Carton de Wiart
2403:Austro-Hungarian crown
2386:Directorate of Ukraine
2180:
2086:
2044:over the territory of
2042:Second Polish Republic
1995:Council of Ambassadors
1983:Second Polish Republic
1979:Paris Peace Conference
1959:Council of Ambassadors
1951:Paris Peace Conference
1856:Adrian Carton de Wiart
1829:Paris Peace Conference
1710:
1708: No Polish claims
1545:, however. During the
1499:villages based around
1277:Christian Social Party
914:Directorate of Ukraine
494:Second Polish Republic
5496:Ukrainian nationalism
4795:2022 Russian invasion
4763:Revolution of Dignity
4440:Volodymyr Vynnychenko
4309:Socialists-Sovereigns
4237:Kholodny Yar Republic
3896:Kubijovic, V. (Ed.),
3199:The Rebirth of Poland
2924:Anna Procyk. (1995).
2565:Ukrainian Nationalism
2333:Polish pogrom in Lviv
2230:Further information:
2220:Ukrainian governments
2171:
2075:
1989:on 25 June 1919. The
1928:Volhynian Governorate
1686:
1619:Kyiv-based government
1450:was to transfer from
1341:Further information:
296:Common languages
134:Knowledge:Translation
105:copyright attribution
5166:Freedom of the press
4903:World Heritage Sites
4898:Islands and sandbars
4671:Pereiaslav Agreement
4654:Zaporozhian Cossacks
4622:Principality of Kiev
4273:Constituent Assembly
3949:A History of Ukraine
3559:18 June 2007 at the
3392:|trans-website=
3239:Polish-Ukrainian War
2780:Nationalities Papers
2775:Magocsi, Paul Robert
2183:Of the 100 types of
2115:Oleksander Barvinsky
2034:non-Bolshevik Russia
1985:on the territory of
1797:Kamionka Strumiłłowa
1715:Polish-Ukrainian War
1558:conflict with Poland
1547:Polish-Ukrainian War
1517:Lemko-Rusyn Republic
1472:National Republic.
1343:Polish–Ukrainian War
1312:alliance with Poland
1265:legislative assembly
789:Khmelnytsky Uprising
757:Early modern history
709:Principality of Kiev
217:Ще не вмерла України
5453: /
4770:Russo-Ukrainian War
4445:Vsevolod Holubovych
4435:Mykhailo Hrushevsky
3945:Paul Robert Magocsi
3456:Yevhen Petrushevich
3310:"Warsaw, Treaty of"
3039:Paul Robert Magocsi
2701:. pp. 207–228.
2521:Government-in-exile
2341:Yevhen Petrushevych
2320:Polish independence
2187:, all but two were
2141:'s, mostly in law.
2091:Yevhen Petrushevych
1817:Eastern Carpathians
1717:, a French general
1702: Disputed Area
1615:Kamianets-Podilskyi
1590:Exile and diplomacy
1257:Carpathian Ruthenia
994:Russo-Ukrainian War
854:Carpathian Ruthenia
654:Chernyakhov culture
369:• Established
5130:Swine flu pandemic
5064:Telecommunications
4854:Biosphere reserves
4743:Chernobyl disaster
4470:Volodymyr Zatonsky
4455:Pavlo Skoropadskyi
3911:Ukraine: A History
3429:. Raphael Galuba,
3249:. The position of
2756:2012-10-12 at the
2653:Russia And Ukraine
2264:summary executions
2181:
2087:
1767:Franchet d'Esperey
1711:
1600:Ukrajinská brigáda
1535:on 22 January 1919
1105:Ukraine portal
1047:Historical regions
649:Zarubintsy culture
522:Kingdom of Romania
113:interlanguage link
5457:50.450°N 30.500°E
5436:
5435:
5403:
5402:
5178:Human trafficking
5136:COVID-19 pandemic
5110:Gender inequality
5082:
5081:
5016:
5015:
4974:Political parties
4964:Foreign relations
4916:
4915:
4831:
4830:
4753:Orange Revolution
4738:Volhynia massacre
4529:
4528:
4460:Noman Çelebicihan
4287:Political parties
4220:Other territories
4145:
4053:978-966-2067-72-9
4040:978-966-2067-65-1
4027:978-966-2067-61-3
4014:978-966-2067-44-6
3384:cite encyclopedia
3210:Anna M. Cienciala
2591:978-0-7656-0665-5
2581:Piotr Eberhardt.
2571:. pp. 18–19.
2513:autonomous region
2407:Ukrainian hryvnia
2303:Andrey Sheptytsky
2275:Ignacy Paderewski
2127:priestly families
2099:State Secretariat
1963:League of Nations
1945:Autonomous status
1932:Kholm Governorate
1627:Kyiv government's
1513:Polish government
1493:Komancza Republic
1163:
1139:
1138:
1036:Topics by history
1019:COVID-19 pandemic
979:Orange Revolution
954:Volhynia genocide
839:Habsburg monarchy
799:Cossack Hetmanate
564:
563:
538:
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16:(Redirected from
5588:
5521:Former republics
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5454:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5446:
5416:
5358:Ukrainian people
5093:
5092:
5039:
5027:
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4927:
4926:
4871:Populated places
4842:
4841:
4647:Kiev Voivodeship
4632:Galicia–Volhynia
4577:
4576:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4533:
4532:
4495:Maria Nikiforova
4475:Georgiy Pyatakov
4465:Yukhym Medvediev
4302:independent left
4139:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4059:
4058:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3915:(3rd ed.).
3914:
3874:
3873:
3871:
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3196:
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3183:Michael Lozynsky
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2946:Lonhyn Tsehelsky
2938:
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2897:
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2805:
2804:
2771:
2765:
2749:A. Chojnowski. "
2747:
2741:
2740:
2712:
2703:
2702:
2697:. Cambridge MA:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2647:
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2624:
2612:
2606:
2599:
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2579:
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2572:
2560:
2554:
2550:
2533:
2530:
2524:
2509:
2466:
2454:
2442:
2430:
2329:Yiddish-language
2298:Józef Bilczewski
2238:Yaroslav Hrytsak
2111:Lonhyn Tsehelsky
2095:Austro-Hungarian
2079:
2054:Sydir Holubovych
1916:Treaty of Warsaw
1885:
1872:truce convention
1845:
1787:
1738:
1727:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1631:Soviet 12th Army
1572:looked upon the
1464:popular uprising
1460:Austro-Hungarian
1325:of the ZUNR was
1263:) dominated the
1218:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1182:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1067:Economic history
974:Cassette Scandal
779:Zaporozhian Host
773:Kiev Voivodeship
679:Early East Slavs
639:Bosporan Kingdom
619:Catacomb culture
594:
584:
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565:
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91:Google Translate
72:
68:
51:
50:
43:
21:
5596:
5595:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5586:
5585:
5536:1919 in Ukraine
5531:1918 in Ukraine
5471:
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5447:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5432:
5419:
5412:
5399:
5344:
5259:Cultural icons
5202:
5078:
5049:Stock exchanges
5037:
5012:
4996:Law enforcement
4912:
4866:Nature reserves
4827:
4801:
4696:Ukrainian State
4627:Mongol invasion
4566:
4560:
4530:
4525:
4499:
4423:
4282:
4246:
4215:
4169:
4148:
4132:Ukrainian State
4115:
4092:
4086:
3996:Wayback Machine
3969:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3905:Subtelny, Orest
3883:
3878:
3877:
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3865:
3860:
3859:
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3625:
3621:
3611:Gazeta Wyborcza
3605:
3601:
3596:
3592:
3587:
3580:
3574:Wayback Machine
3561:Wayback Machine
3552:
3548:
3542:Wayback Machine
3532:
3519:
3511:
3507:
3493:
3489:
3472:
3468:
3451:
3447:
3435:, Poznań 2004,
3407:
3403:
3391:
3390:
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3373:
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3308:
3307:
3303:
3290:
3286:
3274:, Poznań 2004,
3264:Unification Act
3247:Eastern Galicia
3220:
3216:
3206:Wayback Machine
3197:
3193:
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3068:Wayback Machine
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2772:
2768:
2758:Wayback Machine
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2691:
2687:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2660:. p. 206.
2648:
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2197:Austria-Hungary
2154:Ivano-Frankivsk
2107:Dmytro Vitovsky
2085:
2082:Austria-Hungary
2077:
2070:
2046:Eastern Galicia
1987:Eastern Galicia
1975:
1955:Eastern Galicia
1947:
1908:Józef Piłsudski
1906:In April 1920,
1904:
1879:
1839:
1781:
1732:
1730:Barthelemy Line
1721:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1689:Eastern Galicia
1681:
1679:Barthelemy Line
1592:
1428:
1422:
1388:on a line from
1350:
1345:
1339:
1247:and right-bank
1221:Eastern Galicia
1135:
1099:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1042:Name of Ukraine
1037:
1029:
1028:
904:Ukrainian State
869:
859:
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809:Sloboda Ukraine
759:
749:
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744:Crimean Khanate
714:Kingdom of Rus'
674:
664:
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604:
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4849:National parks
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4709:
4708:
4706:Makhnovshchina
4703:
4698:
4693:
4683:
4678:
4676:Russian Empire
4673:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
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4589:
4583:
4581:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4565: articles
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4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4450:Symon Petliura
4447:
4442:
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4270:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4232:Makhnovshchina
4229:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
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4062:
4056:
4055:
4042:
4029:
4016:
4003:
3998:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3968:
3967:External links
3965:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3942:
3929:
3901:
3894:
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3879:
3876:
3875:
3853:
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3628:
3619:
3599:
3590:
3578:
3566:Modern Ukraine
3546:
3517:
3505:
3487:
3485:, pp. 285-286.
3473:Rafał Galuba,
3466:
3445:
3401:
3345:
3326:
3301:
3284:
3251:Joseph Noulens
3241:, so that the
3214:
3191:
3174:
3150:
3133:
3122:(in Ukrainian)
3104:
3072:
3047:
3031:
3029:, p. 370.
3019:
3010:
3008:, p. 369.
2998:
2996:, p. 378.
2986:
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2898:
2876:
2840:
2829:
2806:
2766:
2764:. Vol. 5 1993.
2742:
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2421:
2418:
2416:) since 1914.
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2310:
2307:
2258:
2255:
2251:state language
2227:
2224:
2131:petty nobility
2076:
2069:
2066:
1974:
1971:
1946:
1943:
1914:agreed in the
1912:Symon Petliura
1903:
1900:
1848:Joseph Noulens
1745:West Ukrainian
1704:
1698:
1692:
1680:
1677:
1662:In talks with
1643:White Russians
1623:Symon Petliura
1596:Czechoslovakia
1591:
1588:
1421:
1418:
1370:Dniester River
1349:
1346:
1338:
1335:
1269:Greek Catholic
1169:; abbreviated
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1072:Rail transport
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1004:
1002:Crimean crisis
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
909:Makhnovshchina
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
870:
867:Modern history
865:
864:
861:
860:
857:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
824:Russian Empire
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
776:
766:
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755:
754:
751:
750:
747:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
694:Rus' Khaganate
691:
686:
681:
675:
670:
669:
666:
665:
662:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
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621:
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611:
605:
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596:
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569:
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544:
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531:
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504:
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473:
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456:
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438:
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371:
368:
365:
364:
361:
360:
357:
353:
352:
347:
343:
342:
339:
335:
334:
324:Latin Catholic
319:Greek Catholic
315:
311:
310:
297:
293:
292:
275:
271:
270:
264:
260:
259:
256:
248:
247:
232:
208:
207:
200:
193:
192:
186:
179:
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174:
173:
169:
168:
153:
150:
143:
142:
138:
137:
130:
119:
97:
94:
83:
76:
69:(January 2022)
57:
56:
55:
53:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5593:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5576:Rusyn history
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
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5552:
5549:
5547:
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4961:
4960:
4957:
4955:
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4950:
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4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
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4931:
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4925:
4923:
4919:
4909:
4906:
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4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
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4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4790:War in Donbas
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4768:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4723:Ukrainian SSR
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
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4645:
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4608:
4605:
4603:
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4493:
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4490:Nestor Makhno
4488:
4486:
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4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
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4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4428:Major figures
4426:
4420:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4263:Minor Council
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4174:Soviet states
4172:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4143:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4090:
4083:
4078:
4076:
4071:
4069:
4064:
4063:
4060:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3961:
3958:
3957:0-8020-0830-5
3954:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3932:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3913:
3912:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3863:
3857:
3850:
3846:
3840:
3833:
3827:
3820:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3788:
3780:
3774:
3767:
3763:
3761:83-7177-281-5
3757:
3753:
3746:
3736:
3727:
3721:
3714:
3705:
3696:
3694:
3684:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3659:
3649:
3642:
3641:83-7177-281-5
3638:
3632:
3623:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3594:
3585:
3583:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3550:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3514:
3509:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3484:
3483:83-7177-281-5
3480:
3476:
3470:
3463:
3459:
3457:
3449:
3442:
3441:83-7177-281-5
3438:
3434:
3432:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3397:
3385:
3370:
3369:Naukova Dumka
3362:
3358:
3349:
3341:
3337:
3330:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3298:
3297:83-7177-281-5
3294:
3288:
3281:
3280:83-7177-281-5
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3223:United States
3218:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3195:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3172:, pp.300-302.
3171:
3170:83-85130-29-2
3167:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3147:
3146:83-7177-281-5
3143:
3137:
3121:
3120:Радіо Свобода
3117:
3108:
3093:. Vol. 5
3092:
3088:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3028:
3027:Subtelny 2000
3023:
3014:
3007:
3006:Subtelny 2000
3002:
2995:
2994:Subtelny 2000
2990:
2983:
2977:
2975:
2967:
2963:
2962:Andrew Wilson
2958:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2927:
2921:
2919:
2911:
2907:
2906:Subtelny 2000
2902:
2894:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2865:
2861:
2853:
2844:
2837:
2832:
2830:9788323387947
2826:
2819:
2818:
2810:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2787:(2): 95–103.
2786:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2746:
2738:
2736:9781442686847
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2711:
2709:
2700:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2677:
2669:
2667:0-7735-2234-4
2663:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2646:
2644:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2611:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2549:
2545:
2529:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2504:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2465:
2460:
2453:
2448:
2441:
2436:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2389:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
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2198:
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2147:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2103:Kost Levytsky
2100:
2096:
2092:
2083:
2074:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1939:
1937:
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1929:
1925:
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1917:
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1909:
1899:
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1891:
1889:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1864:United States
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1756:White Russian
1753:
1750:In 1918, the
1748:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1690:
1685:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1639:Anton Denikin
1636:
1635:Kost Levytsky
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
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1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
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1583:
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1387:
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1375:
1371:
1368:in the upper
1367:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1316:Soviet Russia
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
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1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1278:
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1270:
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1250:
1246:
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1230:
1226:
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1190:
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1109:
1106:
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1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
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1008:
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1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
995:
992:
990:
987:
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982:
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975:
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960:
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955:
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945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
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919:Ukrainian SSR
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
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902:
900:
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892:
890:
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885:
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875:
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868:
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862:
855:
852:
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840:
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830:
829:Little Russia
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800:
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722:
720:
717:
715:
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710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
689:White Croatia
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
676:
673:
672:Early history
668:
667:
660:
659:Hunnic Empire
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
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622:
620:
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543:Today part of
541:
525:
523:
520:
519:
511:
509:
506:
505:
497:
495:
492:
491:
483:
481:
478:
477:
474:
468:
465:
458:
457:
454:
451:
444:
443:
440:
439:
436:
433:
431:
428:
427:
423:
420:
417:
413:
409:
406:15 March 1923
405:
399:
395:
392:• Exile
389:
385:
382:
376:
372:
366:
362:
358:
354:
351:
348:
344:
340:
336:
330:
325:
320:
316:
312:
309:
305:
301:
298:
294:
291:
287:
283:
280:; afterwards
279:
276:
272:
268:
265:
261:
254:
249:
230:
224:
213:
209:
203:
197:
189:
183:
175:
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120:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
95:
92:
88:
84:
81:
78:
77:
71:
65:
63:
58:You can help
54:
45:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5438:
5350:Demographics
5221:Architecture
5193:Prostitution
5161:Human rights
5034:
4939:Constitution
4813:Christianity
4748:Independence
4700:
4226:
3948:
3934:. Retrieved
3910:
3897:
3890:
3866:. Retrieved
3856:
3848:
3844:
3839:
3831:
3826:
3818:
3787:
3765:
3751:
3745:
3735:
3726:
3719:
3713:
3704:
3683:
3658:
3648:
3631:
3622:
3602:
3593:
3576:, volume 4–5
3565:
3549:
3508:
3499:
3495:
3490:
3474:
3469:
3461:
3452:
3448:
3430:
3428:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3404:
3372:. Retrieved
3360:
3348:
3335:
3329:
3319:16 September
3317:. Retrieved
3313:
3304:
3287:
3271:
3217:
3194:
3186:
3177:
3161:
3153:
3136:
3124:. Retrieved
3119:
3107:
3095:. Retrieved
3090:
3042:
3034:
3022:
3013:
3001:
2989:
2981:
2965:
2957:
2949:
2941:
2925:
2901:
2892:
2867:. Retrieved
2859:
2843:
2834:
2816:
2809:
2784:
2778:
2769:
2761:
2760:, 1918–19."
2745:
2717:
2694:
2688:
2676:
2652:
2628:
2610:
2602:
2597:
2582:
2577:
2567:. New York:
2564:
2558:
2548:
2528:
2519:(1919). The
2507:
2411:
2400:
2382:
2349:
2346:
2337:
2325:
2312:
2295:
2291:
2279:
2272:
2269:
2260:
2243:fifth column
2235:
2217:
2213:
2205:
2182:
2179:stamp (1919)
2143:
2088:
2051:
2030:Soviet power
2027:
2023:White Russia
1976:
1967:
1948:
1940:
1924:Zbruch River
1905:
1892:
1833:
1794:
1764:
1749:
1712:
1668:Petrushevych
1661:
1612:
1599:
1593:
1584:
1570:
1551:
1543:symbolic act
1529:
1505:Lemko Region
1490:
1474:
1429:
1386:Pidvolochysk
1359:
1351:
1323:coat of arms
1320:
1281:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1077:Shipbuilding
1057:Christianity
924:Soviet Union
898:
729:Golden Horde
435:Succeeded by
434:
429:
396:16 July 1919
211:
202:Coat of arms
109:edit summary
100:
67:
64:in Ukrainian
59:
40:
5460: /
5363:Rus' people
5226:Kievan Rus'
4617:Kievan Rus'
4602:Early Slavs
4370:Poalei Zion
4268:Directorate
4251:Parliaments
4142:Directorate
4091:(1917–1920)
3338:. Toronto:
3299:pp.101-102.
3256:Esme Howard
3225:), Colonel
2358:Stanislaviv
2209:socialistic
2038:sovereignty
2003:sovereignty
1880: [
1840: [
1782: [
1733: [
1722: [
1648:Russophobia
1503:in eastern
1331:golden lion
1245:Stanyslaviv
704:Kievan Rus'
581:History of
430:Preceded by
346:Legislature
290:Zalishchyky
286:Stanislaviv
269:(1918–1919)
5475:Categories
5368:Ruthenians
5320:Literature
5293:Vyshyvanka
5188:Minorities
5105:Corruption
5038:(currency)
4959:Government
4954:Parliament
4893:Waterfalls
4758:Euromaidan
4607:East Slavs
4592:Sarmatians
4580:Chronology
4480:Yuri Gaven
4412:Mensheviks
4407:Bolsheviks
4360:Fareynikte
4324:Borotbists
3930:0802083900
3887:John Bulat
3754:. Poznan.
3041:. (2002).
2908:, p.
2869:21 January
2540:References
2236:Historian
2189:overprints
2068:Government
2019:plebiscite
1424:See also:
1410:Chernivtsi
1382:Styr River
1348:Background
1296:autonomous
1087:Television
1082:Technology
989:Euromaidan
834:New Russia
814:Right bank
602:Prehistory
338:Government
332:1.3% other
5216:Animation
5183:Languages
5132:(2009-10)
5100:Education
5074:Transport
4986:Judiciary
4979:Elections
4949:President
4888:Mountains
4837:Geography
4728:Holodomor
4664:Hetmanate
4587:Scythians
4111:Act Zluky
3773:cite book
3443:, p. 284.
3394:ignored (
3266:) by the
2801:154943090
2247:Ukrainian
2173:Overprint
2158:Ukrainian
1895:armistice
1805:Mikołajów
1509:Ukrainian
1478:Peremyshl
1469:Drohobych
1462:Empire a
1394:Proskurov
1362:Drohobych
1290:with the
1249:Peremyshl
1237:Drohobych
1160:romanized
1151:Ukrainian
997:(outline)
964:Chernobyl
934:Holodomor
804:Left bank
684:Onoghuria
381:Act Zluky
314:Religion
300:Ukrainian
172:1918–1919
163:Ukrainian
127:talk page
5423:Category
5390:Censuses
5378:Refugees
5373:Diaspora
5310:Holidays
5305:Folklore
5198:Religion
5155:problems
5125:HIV/AIDS
5120:Abortion
4969:Military
4922:Politics
4908:Wildlife
4823:Military
4818:Economic
4806:By topic
4485:Béla Kun
4365:The Bund
4140:(led by
3992:Archived
3907:(2000).
3570:Archived
3557:Archived
3538:Archived
3363:].
3202:Archived
3064:Archived
2964:(1997).
2754:Archived
2618:Archived
2475:See also
2397:Currency
2378:Zionists
2370:Radekhiv
2362:Kolomyia
2354:Ternopil
2350:en masse
2150:Ternopil
2015:autonomy
1825:Lavochne
1673:Petliura
1568:forces.
1521:Florynka
1501:Komańcza
1486:Yaroslav
1444:Bukovina
1414:Bukovina
1406:Kolomyia
1390:Ternopil
1366:Boryslav
1314:against
1298:Western
1275:and the
1255:and the
1253:Bukovyna
1241:Boryslav
1233:Kolomyia
1229:Ternopil
1011:timeline
849:Bukovina
794:The Ruin
764:Cossacks
644:Sarmatia
624:Cimmeria
572:a series
570:Part of
555:Slovakia
415:Currency
341:Republic
282:Ternopil
103:provide
5448:30°30′E
5445:50°27′N
5414:Outline
5288:Rushnyk
5283:Pysanka
5268:Borscht
5263:Bandura
5248:Cuisine
5231:Baroque
5208:Culture
5153:suicide
5088:Society
5069:Tourism
5044:Banking
5035:Hryvnia
5022:Economy
4775:Outline
4681:Galicia
4572:History
4563:Ukraine
3917:Toronto
3881:Sources
3868:18 June
3282:p. 108.
3268:Entente
3212:, 2004.
3126:14 July
2515:of the
2420:Gallery
2414:Notgeld
2392:Economy
2283:typhoid
2193:Austria
2135:farmers
2084:in 1911
2040:of the
2011:mandate
1991:Entente
1961:at the
1752:Entente
1687:Map of
1566:Russian
1440:Galicia
1398:Podolia
1374:Romania
1337:History
1183:, also
1162::
1062:Judaism
1052:Banking
719:Cumania
699:Khazars
634:Scythia
629:Taurica
583:Ukraine
559:Romania
547:Ukraine
379:•
356:History
308:Yiddish
274:Capital
212:Anthem:
125:to the
107:in the
66:.
5428:Portal
5278:Kobzar
5243:Cinema
5149:Murder
5115:Health
5054:Energy
4883:Rivers
4876:Cities
4612:Kuyaba
4051:
4038:
4025:
4012:
3955:
3936:22 May
3927:
3758:
3639:
3503:text).
3481:
3439:
3374:23 May
3295:
3278:
3168:
3144:
3097:20 May
2950:holota
2827:
2799:
2733:
2664:
2589:
2366:Sambir
2360:, and
2201:Bosnia
2177:heller
2162:Polish
2078:
2058:Vienna
1936:otaman
1920:Zbruch
1852:France
1819:. The
1801:Bóbrka
1771:Kraków
1747:army.
1741:Polish
1706:
1700:
1694:
1562:Soviet
1539:Oblast
1482:Sambir
1452:Kraków
1304:Poland
1300:Oblast
1288:united
1216:ZO UNR
1210:ЗО УНР
819:Danube
574:on the
551:Poland
359:
329:Jewish
322:27.8%
317:58.9%
304:Polish
263:Status
214:
159:
5395:Women
5340:Sport
5335:Opera
5330:Music
5325:Media
5300:Dance
5273:Kazka
5140:Delta
4597:Goths
4297:USDLP
3653:95-96
3359:[
3235:Italy
3148:p.99.
2858:[
2821:(PDF)
2797:S2CID
2499:Notes
2287:Kosiv
2175:five-
2139:Ph.D.
1884:]
1868:Italy
1844:]
1821:Stryi
1813:Stryi
1786:]
1779:Świca
1737:]
1726:]
1604:Czech
1497:Lemko
1436:diets
1404:from
1378:Brody
1327:azure
1308:exile
419:Krone
87:DeepL
5253:Wine
5238:Arts
5171:LGBT
5151:and
5143:cron
5138:and
4944:Flag
4659:Sich
4400:Left
4319:UPSR
4314:UPSF
4049:ISBN
4036:ISBN
4023:ISBN
4010:ISBN
3953:ISBN
3938:2021
3925:ISBN
3870:2017
3779:link
3756:ISBN
3637:ISBN
3479:ISBN
3437:ISBN
3396:help
3376:2021
3321:2019
3293:ISBN
3276:ISBN
3166:ISBN
3142:ISBN
3128:2022
3099:2021
2871:2021
2825:ISBN
2731:ISBN
2662:ISBN
2587:ISBN
2368:and
2249:the
2160:and
2146:Lviv
1977:The
1910:and
1809:Lviv
1743:and
1564:and
1484:and
1456:Lviv
1442:and
1402:Prut
1364:and
1355:Lviv
1329:, a
1321:The
1225:Lviv
1189:WUPR
1185:WUNR
1179:ZUNR
1172:ЗУНР
1141:The
783:Sich
288:and
278:Lviv
188:Flag
101:must
99:You
80:View
4991:Law
2910:362
2789:doi
2723:doi
2199:or
2056:in
1790:San
1775:Bug
1641:'s
1454:to
1438:in
1412:in
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1396:in
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1187:or
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327:4%
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1930:,
1882:pl
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1784:pl
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