1004:-- meditation "about someone or something, consisting of continuous succession of comparable basic concepts, without interspersing it with dissimilar concepts, that proceeds according to the scriptures and on idea enjoined in the scriptures." It is a state of concentration where "whatever is meditated upon" is completely identified, absorbed with self, and unified with as one identifies self consciousness with one's body. The two become one, "you are that". The "someone or something" in
40:
988:
practice, instead of actual sacrifice ritual, offered a means to gain the same merit without the sacrifice. Over time, this idea shifted from meditating about the ritual, to internalization and meditation of the ideas and concepts associated. This may have marked a key evolution in Vedic era, one
904:
to distinguish meditative reverence for an internalized and intellectual concept from earlier forms of physical worship, actual sacrifices and offerings to Vedic deities. Schayer offered a different perspective, stating
803:(Soul) Principle, distinguishing meditative reverence for an internalized and intellectual concept from earlier forms of physical worship, actual sacrifices and offerings to Vedic deities.
1028:
refers to a part of the Vedic era texts relating to worship or meditation. The first parts of Vedas, composed the earliest, relate to sacrificial rituals. The second parts are
1039:, is neither homogeneous in content nor in structure. Multiple classifications have been proposed. For example, the early part of Vedas with mantras and prayers called
896:, or "to worship, adore, revere", with the clarification that in Vedic texts this adoration and reverence is at formless things, such as Absolute Self, the Holy, the
797:) literally means "worship" and "sitting near, attend to". It refers to the worship of, or meditation on, formless things, such as Absolute Self, the Holy, the
769:
1118:
947:), usually of meditative kind. Werner translates it as "meditation", while Murty translates it as "steadfastness of mind in the thing meditated upon".
1016:; it is being one with god, which manifests as "be a god", and by "being a god, he attains the god," living this identity with god in daily life.
762:
1098:. Other Vedas follow a similar structure where they offer sections on rituals and action (Aranyakas), worship and deity oriented
1457:
1170:
1241:
Barbara A. Holdrege (1995), Veda and Torah: Transcending the
Textuality of Scripture, State University of New York Press,
755:
1441:
1420:
1403:
1383:
1359:
1354:
Edward F Crangle (1994), The Origin and
Development of Early Indian Contemplative Practices, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag,
1323:
1306:
1289:
1263:
1246:
1229:
1203:
1150:
524:
1032:-kanda, and the last parts relate to abstract philosophy and spirituality which are popularly called the Upanishads.
1133:
H Oldenberg (1919), Vorwissenschaftliche
Wissenschaft, die Weltanschauung der Brahmana-Texte, Göttingen, pages 4-6
1094:(literally meaning, "unified form of worship"). Rig Veda has many books, and it includes many more Upasanas and
492:
1165:
M Hara (1980), Hindu
Concepts of Teacher Sanskrit Guru and Ācārya, In Sanskrit and Indian Studies, Springer,
1275:
Stanlisaw
Schayer (1927), Uber die Bedeutung des Wortest Upanisad, Rocznik Orienalistyczny III, pages 57-67
1086:(literally meaning, "worship of the vital energy"). The last three sections of the 2nd book constitute the
480:
1415:
Stephen Knapp (2005), The Heart of
Hinduism: The Eastern Path to Freedom, Empowerment and Illumination,
1318:
Alexander P. Varghese (2008), India: History, Religion, Vision and
Contribution to the World, Volume 1,
984:
in Vedic text initially developed as a form of "substitute sacrifice", where symbolic meditation of the
718:
519:
643:
638:
203:
183:
1082:. The 2nd and 3rd books are theosophical, and the first three sections of the 2nd book are called
884:), which means "to sit close to someone, waiting on someone with reverence". Oldenberg explained
741:
623:
574:
549:
343:
208:
1378:
Klaus Witz (1998), The
Supreme Wisdom of the Upaniṣads: An Introduction, Motilal Banarsidass,
1258:
Klaus Witz (1998), The
Supreme Wisdom of the Upaniṣads: An Introduction, Motilal Banarsidass,
1145:
Klaus Witz (1998), The
Supreme Wisdom of the Upaniṣads: An Introduction, Motilal Banarsidass,
925:
was a psychological act as well as a procedure, which etymologically was further developed by
992:
It flowered into the meaning of an intense kind of systematic meditation and identification.
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1102:(Upasanas), as well as philosophical and abstract spirituality sections (Upanishads).
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348:
232:
222:
1198:; see A Bhattacharya (2006), Hindu Dharma: Introduction to Scriptures and Theology,
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Karel (1995), Love Divine: Studies in 'Bhakti and Devotional Mysticism, Routledge,
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1398:(1975), Vedic Literature: (Saṃhitās and Brāhmaṇas), Otto Harrassowitz Verlag,
1224:
A Bhattacharya (2006), Hindu Dharma: Introduction to Scriptures and Theology,
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Classified by text types, the Upasanas are one of five, with other four being
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Klaus G Witz (1998), The Supreme Wisdom of the Upaniṣads: An Introduction,
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1078:. For example, in Rig Veda, the first five of its books are called
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475:
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117:
112:
83:
39:
49:
1338:
Outline of the Vedanta System of Philosophy According to Shankara
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can be a symbolic deity or an abstract concept, states Shankara.
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from ritual sacrifices to one contemplating spiritual ideas.
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In some cases, the Upasana chapters are embedded inside the
821:
1301:
KS Murty (1993), Vedic Hermeneutics, Motilal Banarsidass,
969:
as "meditation" and "worship", depending on the context.
921:) with hopes and petitions. Schayer further states that
1121:
Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Koeln University, Germany
1055:, while rituals and metaphoric-rituals part called
1012:entails more than mere concentration or sitting in
900:(Soul) Principle. These texts offer the concept of
961:is just one type of worship in Indian philosophy.
1449:
1129:
1127:
1043:along with the commentary on rituals called the
980:era. Edward Crangle, in his review, states that
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909:in Vedic context is closer to the German word
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841:
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1047:together are identified as the ceremonial
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1090:. The 3rd book of Rig Veda refers to
846:, ritualistic sacrifice section) and
806:The term also refers to one of three
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1218:
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860:, knowledge, spirituality section).
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1059:and knowledge/spirituality part
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976:developed a large tradition in
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868:The root of the Sanskrit word
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937:In one contemporary context,
933:Meditation and identification
1458:Hindu philosophical concepts
1035:Vedic literature, including
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16:Hindu philosophical concept
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941:means methods of worship (
832:, sometimes identified as
32:Hindu scriptures and texts
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842:
816:
1063:are referred to as the
1020:Classification of texts
742:Timeline of Hindu texts
575:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
550:Eighteen Greater Texts
555:Eighteen Lesser Texts
957:. However, a formal
1024:In other contexts,
565:Iraiyanar Akapporul
525:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
271:Related Hindu texts
1088:Aitareya Upanishad
1171:978-94-009-8943-6
1080:Aitareya Aranyaka
1037:Upasana Karunakar
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570:Abhirami Anthadhi
508:Sangam literature
361:Vaishnava puranas
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1444:, Chapter 3
1309:, page xxiv
965:translates
719:Vedantasara
644:Yoga Sutras
560:Aathichoodi
493:Historicity
488:Mahabharata
481:Historicity
177:Yajur vedic
94:Atharvaveda
1452:Categories
1292:, page 125
1153:, page 197
1106:References
1096:Upanishads
1061:Upanishads
996:described
857:ज्ञान खण्ड
830:Upanishads
714:Panchadasi
699:Swara yoga
535:Tirukkuṟaḷ
349:Markandeya
194:Taittiriya
158:Sama vedic
151:Kaushitaki
136:Upanishads
123:Upanishads
1396:Jan Gonda
1196:Upanishad
1076:Aranyakas
1057:Aranyakas
1045:Brahmanas
986:Aranyakas
915:Bedrängen
864:Etymology
843:कर्म खण्ड
826:Aranyakas
789:: उपासना
684:Tirumurai
614:Kamasutra
373:Bhagavata
354:Bhavishya
339:Brahmānda
296:Vyakarana
165:Chandogya
141:Rig vedic
101:Divisions
89:Yajurveda
1192:Aranyaka
1188:Brahmana
1041:Samhitas
911:Umwerben
894:Verehren
787:Sanskrit
736:Timeline
593:Shastras
476:Ramayana
378:Naradiya
311:Jyotisha
279:Vedangas
228:Mandukya
146:Aitareya
118:Aranyaka
113:Brahmana
84:Samaveda
24:a series
22:Part of
1184:Samhita
1119:upasana
1030:Upasana
1026:Upasana
1010:Upasana
1006:Upasana
998:Upasana
982:Upasana
978:Vedanta
974:Upasana
967:upasana
949:Upasana
939:Upasana
923:Upasana
919:Brahman
907:Upasana
902:Upasana
886:Upasana
870:Upasana
793:upāsanā
783:Upasana
469:Itihasa
324:Puranas
301:Nirukta
291:Chandas
286:Shiksha
261:Tantras
233:Prashna
223:Mundaka
108:Samhita
79:Rigveda
1440:
1419:
1402:
1382:
1358:
1322:
1305:
1288:
1262:
1245:
1228:
1202:
1169:
1149:
1100:bhakti
1014:dhyana
1002:dhyana
944:Bhakti
880:(from
810:khaṇḍa
724:Stotra
597:sutras
432:Skanda
408:Matsya
393:Vamana
383:Garuda
368:Vishnu
334:Brahma
251:Agamas
209:Maitri
55:Smriti
50:Shruti
1463:Vedas
927:Renou
898:Atman
890:Upās-
878:asana
822:Vedas
800:Atman
427:Linga
422:Shiva
403:Kurma
388:Padma
306:Kalpa
199:Katha
72:Vedas
1438:ISBN
1417:ISBN
1400:ISBN
1380:ISBN
1356:ISBN
1320:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1286:ISBN
1260:ISBN
1243:ISBN
1226:ISBN
1200:ISBN
1194:and
1167:ISBN
1147:ISBN
959:Puja
954:Puja
876:and
828:and
817:खण्ड
595:and
442:Agni
437:Vayu
189:Isha
170:Kena
61:List
1341:at
913:or
872:is
1454::
1367:^
1211:^
1190:,
1186:,
1158:^
1138:^
1126:^
1071:.
929:.
882:as
874:up
26:on
854:(
840:(
814:(
785:(
771:e
764:t
757:v
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