United States rainfall climatology

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the 1970s. Eastern portions of North America have become wetter. There has been an increase in the number of heavy precipitation events over many areas during the past century, as well as an increase since the 1970s in the prevalence of droughts—especially in the tropics and subtropics. Over the contiguous United States, total annual precipitation increased at an average rate of 6.1 percent per century since 1900, with the greatest increases within the East North Central climate region (11.6 percent per century) and the South (11.1 percent). Hawaii was the only region to show a decrease (−9.25 percent). From this excess precipitation, crop losses are expected to increase by US$ 3 billion (2002 dollars) annually over the next 30 years.

695:, which migrates north into the region by summer. This also increases the likelihood for severe weather to develop due to stronger upper-level divergence in its vicinity. Mesoscale convective complexes move into the region from the Plains from late April through mid-July, with June the peak month for the western portions of the Great Lakes. These systems contribute about 2% of the annual precipitation for the region. Also, remnants of tropical cyclones occasionally move northward into the region, though their overall contribution to precipitation across the region is minimal. From the spring through the summer, areas near the shores of the relatively cooler Great Lakes develop 671:. Lake-effect precipitation produces a significant difference between the snowfall around the Great Lakes, sometimes within small distances. Lake effect snowfall accounts for 30 to 60 percent of the annual snowfall near the coasts of the Great Lakes. Lake Erie has the distinction of being the only great lake capable of completely freezing over during the winter due to its relative shallowness. Once frozen, the resulting ice cover alleviates lake-effect snow downwind of the lake. The influence of the Great Lakes allows the region to lie within a Humid Continental Climate regime. Although certain scientists have argued that the eastern third resemble more of an oceanic climate 20: 655: 978: 467: 147: 224: 636:

contrast, eastern portions of the regions have two precipitation maximums, one during spring, and again in November. While July and August are the driest months in the region. The reason being that this region is further away from the unstable air of the central U.S and has more moderators to the climate. Due to the fact that storms and winds generally move west to east, the winds that blow from the Great Lakes during the summer keep the area more stable. With thunderstorms generally being less common.

1004: 876: 708: 589: 830:), on the island of Kauai, is notable for its extreme rainfall, as it has the second highest average annual rainfall on Earth, with 460 inches (12,000 mm). Storm systems affect the state with heavy rains between October and March. Showers are common across the island chain, but thunderstorms are relatively rare. Local climates vary considerably on each island due to their topography, divisible into windward ( 680: 360: 211:

inches (2,540 mm) of precipitation. Inland, often less than 10 inches (250 mm) falls a year, but what precipitation falls during the winter tends to stay throughout the season. La Niña events lead to drier than normal conditions, while El Niño events do not have a correlation towards dry or wet conditions. Precipitation increases by 10 to 40 percent when the

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wettest season, as convective thunderstorms created in the hot and moist tropical air mass drop brief but intense precipitation. In winter these areas still sees precipitation as low pressure systems moving across the southern United States often tap moisture from the Gulf of Mexico and drop cold season precipitation from eastern Texas to the New York area.

460:. Monsoons play a vital role in managing wildfire threat by providing moisture at higher elevations and feeding desert streams. Heavy monsoon rain can lead to excess winter plant growth, in turn a summer wildfire risk. A lack of monsoon rain can hamper summer seeding, reducing excess winter plant growth but worsening drought. 810: 513:

Maximum precipitation generally occurs in late spring and early summer, with minimum precipitation in winter. During La Niña events, the storm track shifts far enough northward to bring wetter than normal conditions (in the form of increased snowfall) to the Midwestern states, as well as hot and dry summers.

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in Florida. During the late summer and fall, tropical cyclones move into the region from the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, supplying portions of the area with one-quarter of their annual rainfall, on average. Fall is the time of the rainfall minimum across Louisiana. Sometimes, Gulf moisture sneaks up the

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is a serious danger during the monsoon season. Dry washes can become raging rivers in an instant, even when no storms are visible as a storm can cause a flash flood tens of miles away. Lightning strikes are also a significant danger. Because it is dangerous to be caught in the open when these storms

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receive over 275 inches (6,980 mm). South central Alaska does not get nearly as much rain as the southeast of Alaska, though it does get more snow. On average, Anchorage receives 16 inches (406 mm) of precipitation a year, with around 75 inches (1,905 mm) of snow. The northern coast

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Average precipitation across the region show maxima along the coastal plain and along the mountains of the Appalachians. Between 28 inches (710 mm) and 62 inches (1,600 mm) of precipitation falls annually across the area. Seasonally, there are slight changes to precipitation distribution

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and across the state of Mississippi, there are two rainfall maxima in the winter and spring. Across Georgia and South Carolina, the first of the annual precipitation maxima occurs in late winter, during February or March. Alabama has an annual rainfall maximum in winter or spring and a dry summer.

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brings in upper level moisture from the Pacific Ocean during the cold season. Ahead of storm systems, significant moisture becomes drawn in from the Gulf of Mexico, which increases moisture within the atmospheric column and leads to precipitation ahead of extratropical cyclones. During the El Niño

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Extratropical cyclones can bring moderate to heavy snowfall during the cold season. On the backside of these systems, particularly those moving through the eastern United States, lake effect snowfall is possible. Low level cold in the winter sweeping in from Canada combine with relatively warmer,

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values exceed 1.25 inches (32 mm), afternoon and evening thunderstorms break out at the western periphery of the subtropical ridge across the Southeast on a daily basis. Summer is the time of the second rainfall maximum during the year across Georgia, and the time of the main rainfall maximum

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The North American Monsoon (NAM) occurs from late June or early July into September, originating over Mexico and spreading into the southwest United States by mid-July. This allows the wet season to start in the Southwest during the summer rather than early fall as seen across the remainder of the

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range are the wetter portions of the nation, with average rainfall exceeding 30 inches (760 mm) per year. The drier areas are the Desert Southwest, Great Basin, valleys of northeast Arizona, eastern Utah, and central Wyoming. Increased warming within urban heat islands leads to an increase in

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Increasing temperatures tend to increase evaporation which leads to more precipitation. As average global temperatures have risen, average global precipitation has also increased. Precipitation has generally increased over land north of 30°N from 1900 to 2005, but declined over the tropics since

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during the cold season. This shift in the jet stream brings much of the annual precipitation to the region, and also brings the potential for heavy rain events. The West Coast occasionally experiences ocean-effect showers, usually in the form of rain at lower elevations south of the mouth of the

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northward show a slight winter maximum as winter storms drop heavy precipitation. South of Boston, convective storms are common in the hot summer months and seasonal rainfall shows a slight summer maximum (though not at all stations). As one moves from Virginia Beach southward, summer becomes the

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receives up to 150 inches (3,800 mm) of precipitation annually. Across western sections of the state, the northern side of the Seward Peninsula is a desert with less than 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation annually, while some locations between Dillingham and Bethel average around 100

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subtropical (or monsoon) ridge across the West and Plains, along with a weakening of the western edge of the "Bermuda high". During the summer, a southerly low-level jet draws moisture from the Gulf of Mexico. Additional moisture comes from more local sources, especially transpiring vegetation.

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Overall, late spring and early summer is the wettest time of year for the western portion of the region, with a winter minimum in precipitation. This is due to warm, moist, and unstable air moving along the jet stream where it is centralized. Which brings precipitation along the westerlies. In

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During the summer and early fall, mesoscale convective systems can move into the area from Canada and the Great Lakes. Tropical cyclones and their remains occasionally move into the region from the south and southwest. Recently, the region has experienced a couple heavy rainfall events that

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develop over the region during this period, with a bulk of the activity occurring between midnight and 6 a.m. local time. The time of maximum precipitation during the day gradually varies from late afternoon near the slopes of the Rockies to early morning near the Ohio River valley, in part

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has sustained easterly trade winds through the year. There is a rainy season which lasts from September to November, when hurricanes are more prone to visit the island chain. The average rainfall through the island chain ranges from 51.55 inches (1,309 mm) at Annually to 37.79 inches

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becomes dominant, with dry winters and heavy summer rainfall. In winter the strong subtropical ridge creates the stable air over Florida with little convection and few fronts. Along the Gulf Coast, and the south Atlantic states, decaying tropical systems added to summers peak rainfall.

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frequent the island, which can lead to excessive rainfall. During El Niño years, dry season precipitation averages below normal. However, the threat of a tropical cyclone is over triple what is normal during El Niño years, so extreme shorter duration rainfall events are possible.

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occasionally visit between November and April. The dry season lasts from May to October. During El Niño events, precipitation averages about 10 percent above normal, while La Niña events lead to precipitation amounts which average close to 10 percent below normal.

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climate regime is dominated by southeast trade winds. The island dependency is wet, with annual rainfall averaging near 120 inches (3,000 mm) at the airport, with amounts closer to 200 inches (5,100 mm) in other areas. There is a distinct rainy season when

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reflecting the west-to-east propagation of mesoscale convective systems. Mesoscale convective systems bring 30 to 70 percent of the annual warm season rainfall to the Plains. An especially long-lived and well-organized type of mesoscale convective system called a

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Snow, although not usually associated with tropics, falls at higher elevations on the Big Island, on Mauna Loa as well as Mauna Kea, which reaches an altitude of 13,796 feet (4,205 m), in some winter months. Snow only rarely falls on Maui's Haleakala.

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In general, northern and western portions of this region have a winter/spring maximum in precipitation with late summer/early fall being drier, while southern and eastern portions have a summer maximum and winter/early spring minimum in precipitation.

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Guam's climate is moderated by east to northeast trade winds through the year. The average annual rainfall for the island is 86 inches (2,200 mm). There is a distinct dry season from January to June, and a rainy season from July to December.

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climate, is referred to as "The Greatest Snow on Earth" in the mountains. Lake-effect snow contributes to approximately 6-8 snowfalls per year in Salt Lake City, with approximately 10% of the city's precipitation being contributed by the phenomenon.

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year round. The lake-effect largely contributes to the 55 inches (140 cm) to 80 inches (200 cm) annual snowfall amounts recorded south and east of the lake, with average snowfall amounts exceeding 600 inches (1,500 cm) in the

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are high during the winter, precipitation is lower than average for Puerto Rico. There have not been any documented cases of snow falling within Puerto Rico, though occasionally it is brought in from elsewhere as a publicity stunt.

947:'s topography, rainfall varies greatly across the archipelago. Pico del Este averages 171.09 inches (4,346 mm) of rainfall yearly while Magueyes Island averages only 29.32 inches (745 mm) a year. Despite known changes in 728:

has a fall and winter maximum, with a summer minimum in precipitation. Temporally, a maximum in precipitation is seen around three peak times: 3 a.m., 10 a.m., and 6 p.m. During the summer, the 6 p.m. peak is most pronounced.

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and receive much more rainfall; leeward sides are drier and sunnier, with less rain and less cloud cover. In the late winter and spring during El Niño events, drier than average conditions can be expected in Hawaii.

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and the western United States most of their precipitation. Low pressure systems moving up the East Coast and through the Great Lakes, bring cold season precipitation to from the Midwest to New England, as well as

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events, increased precipitation is expected in California due to a more southerly, zonal, storm track. California also enters a wet pattern when thunderstorm activity within the tropics associated with the

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As much as 45% of the annual rainfall across New Mexico occurs during the summer monsoon. Many desert plants are adapted to take advantage of this brief wet season. Because of the monsoons, the

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can occur, especially over mountainous terrain. This activity is occasionally enhanced by the passage of retrograding (westward-moving) upper cyclones moving under the subtropical ridge and the

236: 1721: 440:. Tropical cyclones from the eastern Pacific contribute to the moisture within the monsoon system, and bring up to 20 percent of the average annual rainfall to southern California. 838:) regions based upon location relative to the higher mountains. The Kona coast is the only area in Hawaii with a summer precipitation maximum. Windward sides face the east to northeast 951:

activity due to changes in the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), there is no known relationship between rainfall in Puerto Rico and the ENSO cycle. However, when values of the

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are long enough for lake-effect precipitation. Lake-effect snow from the Finger Lakes occurs in upstate New York until those lakes freeze over. Bay-effect snows fall downwind of

2150: 741:, bring a bulk of the wintry precipitation to the region during the cold season as they track parallel to the coastline, forming along the natural temperature gradient of the 602:

During the summer, the subtropical ridge in the Atlantic Ocean strengthens, bringing in increasingly humid air from the warm Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico. Once

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valley. In general, rainfall amounts are lower on the southern portions of the West coast. The biggest recipients of the precipitation are the coastal ranges such as the

258:, returning shoreward around a center of low pressure. Strong onshore flow is brought into the mountain ranges of the west, focusing significant precipitation into the 1756:

Ahijevych, D. A., C. A. Davis, R. E. Carbone, and J. D. Tuttle, 2004: Initiation of Precipitation Episodes Relative to Elevated Terrain. J. Atmos. Sci. 61, 2763–2769.

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affects the precipitation distribution, by altering rainfall patterns across the West, Midwest, the Southeast, and throughout the tropics. There is also evidence that

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is leading to increased precipitation to the eastern portions of North America, while droughts are becoming more frequent in the western portions. Furthermore, global

2727: 52:. The snow to liquid ratio across the contiguous United States averages 13:1, meaning 13 inches (330 mm) of snow melts down to 1 inch (25 mm) of water. 1037: 1607: 2658: 2431: 1696:

27th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology P2.4: The impact of tropical cyclone remnants on the rainfall of the North American southwest region.

575:, increased precipitation falls along the Gulf coast and Southeast due to a stronger than normal, and more southerly, polar jet stream. In the area around 2837: 1881: 1168: 1081: 597: 1332: 699:, which lowers rainfall amounts and increases sunshine near the immediate coastline. The eastern Great Lakes are significantly drier during the summer. 1207: 2202: 1406: 1352: 473: 2338: 2106: 2756: 2710: 1973: 1502: 111:

move through the Plains, Midwest, and Great Lakes during the warm season, contributing up to 10% of the annual precipitation to the region.

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exceeded the 50-year return period, during October 1996 and October 1998, which suggest an increase in heavy rainfall along the coast.

2588: 2086: 1479: 254:. These occur whenever an Arctic air mass from western Canada is drawn westward out over the Pacific Ocean, typically by way of the 2637: 1439: 2604: 1781:

Walker S. Ashley, Thomas L. Mote, P. Grady Dixon, Sharon L. Trotter, Emily J. Powell, Joshua D. Durkee, and Andrew J. Grundstein.

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receive significant lake-effect snow. Since the Great Salt Lake never freezes, the lake-effect can affect the weather along the

2859: 2777: 1459: 2854: 1627: 2414: 1535: 1188: 1810:"A Precipitation and Flood Climatology with Synoptic Features of Heavy Rainfall across the Southern Appalachian Mountains" 298:. Cold-season precipitation into this region is the main supply of water to area rivers, such as the Colorado River and 1642:"The Contribution of Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones to the Rainfall Climatology of the Southwest United States" 1558: 863:'s average annual precipitation is 82.36 inches (2,092 mm), with 67 percent falling during the rainy season. 115: 2322: 2315: 2124: 1107: 295: 1063: 1708: 1519: 1782: 516:

The convective season for the Plains ranges between May and September. Organized systems of thunderstorms known as

1604: 944: 103:. Over the top of the ridge, the jet stream brings a summer precipitation maximum to the Great Plains and western 2495: 2280: 2235: 2183: 1655: 712: 2297: 2252: 2223: 1878: 1165: 1094:"Scientists are noticing that in the past 25 years the world seems to be getting more La Niñas than it used to…" 2479: 2267:

George J. Maglaras; Jeff S. Waldstreicher; Paul J. Kocin; Anthony F. Gigi & Robert A. Marine (March 1995).

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harbor in American Samoa has the highest annual rainfall of any harbor in the world. This is due to the nearby

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When precipitable water values near 1.32 inches (34 mm), brief but often torrential thunderstorms and the

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and those under United States sovereignty. Summer and early fall bring brief, but frequent thundershowers and

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Mean Annual Runoff, Precipitation, and Evapotranspiration in the Glaciated Northeast United States, 1951-1980.

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Climatology and Structure of High Wind-Producing Mesoscale Convective Systems Over the Northern High Plains.

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meteorological events are generally associated with drier and hotter conditions and further exacerbation of

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which create a wet summer and drier winter in the eastern Gulf and lower East Coast. During the winter, and

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There is a pronounced rainy season from April to November across the commonwealth, encompassing the annual

859:. There is a dry season which stretches from December to June, and a rainy season from July to November. 522: 302:, and also acts as the main source of water to people living in this portion of the United States. During 108: 88: 19: 2686: 2549: 2507: 2443: 2209: 2199: 1032: 668: 612: 517: 491: 212: 1437:

WESTERN REGION TECHNICAL ATTACHMENT NO. 97-37 NOVEMBER 21, 1997: El Niño and California Precipitation.

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Juneau averages over 50 inches (1,270 mm) of precipitation a year, while other areas in southeast

135: 131: 1809: 1695: 654: 2335: 1874: 1744: 1600: 940: 480:. The thunderstorms rarely push beyond the Peninsular Ranges to the clear skies of the coastal strip. 433: 2103: 1837: 2776:

Cynthia Rosenzweig; Francesco N. Tubiello; Richard Goldberg; Evan Mills; Janine Bloomfield (2002).

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https://www.lonelyplanet.com/american-samoa/attractions/rainmaker-mountain/a/poi-sig/1456093/362248

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produces on average 8% to 18% of the annual warm season rainfall across the Plains and Midwest.

2827: 2180: 2003: 1851: 1575: 1957: 1646: 1251: 934: 823: 371: 328: 151: 138:. Meteorological scientists have observed that La Niñas have become more frequent over time. 127: 56: 2659:

El Niño–Southern Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation Control of Climate in Puerto Rico.

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unfrozen lakes to produce dramatic lake-effect snow on the eastern and southern shores of the

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episodes in the midwestern United States are associated with an amplification of the upper

477: 291: 183: 2752: 1476: 1390: 1290: 8: 2838:

Current map of forecast precipitation over the United States during the next three hours.

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Last 24 hours of rainfall over the lower 48 - National Weather Service rainfall network

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from the Pacific Ocean move inland into the region due to a southward migration of the

171: 60: 2796: 2391: 2269:"Winter Weather Forecasting throughout the Eastern United States. Part 1: An Overview" 1228: 146: 83:

enhance precipitation across southern and eastern sections of the country, as well as

1677: 774: 343: 316: 283: 196: 179: 175: 68: 2800: 2379:

A Centennial Review of Major Land-Falling Tropical Cyclones in Southern New England.

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Understanding Lake-Effect Snow Storms in the Finger Lakes & Great Lakes Regions.

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account for 30% of the large thunderstorm complexes which move through the region.

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from picking up any lake-effect snow, though ocean-effect snows are possible near

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Lake Effect of the Great Salt Lake: Scientific Overview and Forecast Diagnostics.

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when the basic criteria are met. Ocean effect snows are possible downwind of the

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suddenly appear, many golf courses in Arizona have thunderstorm warning systems.

334: 259: 223: 163: 49: 40: 2778:"Increased crop damage in the US from excess precipitation under climate change" 2411: 1532: 1185: 1075: 986: 901: 770: 449: 437: 279: 251: 207: 159: 119: 100: 64: 2832: 2848: 2728:"Climate at a Glance - National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)" 2055:

Climatic Summary of Snowfall and Snow Depth in the Ohio Snowbelt at Chardron.

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Current Climate of the New England Region: New England Regional Assessment.

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are considered relatively "wet" when ranked among other deserts such as the

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Weather Centre - World Weather - Country Guides - Northern Mariana Islands.

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Distribution of Mesoscale Convective Complex Rainfall in the United States.

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Kristen L. Corbosiero; Michael J. Dickinson & Lance F. Bosart (2009).

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Historical Climate Summaries for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

856: 778: 742: 608: 526: 509: 441: 271: 263: 155: 104: 84: 2224:"Diurnal Variability of Precipitation in the Northeastern United States" 2104:

GRG301K - WEATHER AND CLIMATE KOPPEN CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION FLOW CHART.

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A Climatology of Snow-to-Liquid Ratio for the Contiguous United States.

839: 696: 692: 688: 567: 401:, and California. The North American monsoon is known to many as the 398: 382: 299: 275: 246: 1133:

Precipitation of the Individual States and of the Conterminous States.

707: 312: 303: 123: 1958:

A Rainfall Climatology of the WSO Huntsville Hydrologic Service Area.

1385: 1286: 1108:"California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years" 1027: 913: 738: 425: 2268: 1879:

El Niño (ENSO) Related Rainfall Patterns Over the Tropical Pacific.

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frequent the island chain, which can lead to excessive rainfall.

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in the Atlantic Ocean bring the promise of afternoon and evening

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from November 4, 1995 bring Hawaii much of their annual rainfall

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Effects of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation in the United States

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Lonely Planet. Rainmaker Mountain. Retrieved September 7, 2019.

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A Rainfall Climatology of the NWSFO Memphis County Warning Area

860: 542: 457: 386: 347: 202: 44: 711:

Satellite image of the intense nor'easter responsible for the

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Patterns of Distribution of Amphibians: A Global Perspective.

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Thunderstorms during the North American Monsoon as seen from

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The western part of the contiguous United States west of the

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Maximum and Minimum Seasonal Snowfall: 1928-1929 to present.

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10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0005:wwftte>2.0.co;2

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10.1175/1520-0493(1985)113<0989:DVOPIT>2.0.CO;2

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William R. Cotton, Susan van den Heever, and Israel Jirak.

572: 429: 390: 96: 1767:

Conceptual Models of Mesoscale Convective Systems: Part 9.

1082:"Weather's unwanted guest: Nasty La Niña keeps popping up" 346:. The snow, which is often very light and dry due to the 2475: 2459: 2020: 1062:

Martin A. Baxter, Charles E. Graves, and James T. Moore.

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has a summer maximum and a winter minimum. In contrast,

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US precipitation trends (lower 48), 1895–2014. Raw data:

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Gulf Coast and lower Atlantic Coast south of New England

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The Climate of Oregon Climate Zone 2 Willamette Valley.

322: 2525:

Pacific ENSO Update: 4th Quarter, 2006. Vol. 12 No. 4.

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List of wettest tropical cyclones in the United States

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Average Conditions: Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands.

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Government of Massachusetts. Retrieved on 2008-03-01.

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Michael G. Landin & Lance F. Bosart (June 1985).

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La Nina could mean dry summer in Midwest and Plains.

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United States tropical cyclone rainfall climatology

75:to the southern tier of the country as well as the 2313:Mesoscale Snow Bands in an Ocean-Effect Snowstorm. 1605:Reports to the Nation: The North American Monsoon. 683:Satellite view of a supercell near the Great Lakes 2345:Finger Lakes Institute. Retrieved on 2008-03-01. 2846: 1905:(NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS SR-175, May 1996) 1151:Oregon Climate Service, Oregon State University 972: 421:as a large part of the affected area is desert. 2584: 2582: 2448:The World Factbook -- Northern Mariana Islands. 1709:Drought patterns in the Midwest; 1988 and 2007. 959: 592:U.S. tropical cyclone rainfall maxima per state 315:, increased precipitation is diverted into the 227:Impact of El Niño and La Niña on North America 1576:Lecture 17: 1. North American Monsoon System. 1275:West Coast Cold Season Heavy Rainfall Events. 1105: 2579: 2359:Lake Effect-type Phenomena in Other Regions. 377:West. Within the United States, it affects 2125:"Where's the 'Dreariest' Place in America?" 1198: 333:The southern and southeastern sides of the 2702:Southeast Regional Climate Center and The 2565:Pacific ENSO Applications Climate Center. 2523:Pacific ENSO Applications Climate Center. 2065: 2063: 1801: 1794:Brian A. Klimowski and Mark R. Hjelmfelt. 1291:How mountains influence rainfall patterns. 1269: 1267: 417:monsoon. It is also sometimes called the 2296: 2251: 1971:Historical Climate Summaries for Florida. 1943:South Carolina State Climatology Office. 1777: 1775: 1671: 1457:La Niña Impacts in the Pacific Northwest. 1246: 1244: 1229:Understanding Alaska's Climate Variation. 1205:Mean Annual Precipitation in Alaska-Yukon 737:Coastal extratropical cyclones, known as 354: 79:. Equatorward of the subtropical ridge, 2194: 2192: 1926: 1924: 1533:Lake has great impacts on storm, weather 1302:Arthur C. Benke and Colbert E. Cushing. 976: 874: 808: 706: 678: 653: 611:of Rockies as far north as the northern 587: 358: 222: 145: 18: 2060: 1808:David M. Gaffin; David G. Hotz (2000). 1625:Tropical Cyclone Rainfall for the West. 1264: 1158: 2847: 2751:Climate Change Division (2008-12-17). 2432:Hawaii Rainfall Anomalies and El Niño. 2047: 1897:David M. Gaffin and Joseph C. Lowery. 1772: 1498:Forecast Office Salt Lake City, Utah. 1422:Colorado Basin River Forecast Center. 1241: 883:, can bring excessive rainfall to Guam 745:before moving up the coastline. The 541:Most locations on the East Coast from 2691:The World Factbook -- Virgin Islands. 2554:The World Factbook -- American Samoa. 2189: 2071:Climate: Impacts of the Great Lakes. 1937: 1921: 1899:Monthly Precipitation for Memphis CWA 1628:Hydrometeorological Prediction Center 1518:Utah Center for Climate and Weather. 1252:Normal Monthly Precipitation, Inches. 1045:, atmospheric scientist and professor 319:due to a more northerly storm track. 294:range. Lesser amounts fall upon the 2653:Björn A. Malmgren, Amos Winter, and 2633:Dr. David Hodell and Ray G. Thomas. 2496:Naval Forces Marianas: Guam Climate. 2122: 2084:6 | Introduction to the Great Lakes. 1178: 846: 691:that cause precipitation move along 323:Lake-effect snow off Great Salt Lake 107:. Large thunderstorm areas known as 2833:Rainfall forecasts for the lower 48 2675:Canadian Snow Sails To Puerto Rico. 1969:Southeast Regional Climate Center. 1819:(3). National Weather Digest: 3–15. 1373:Olympic National Park Weather Page. 923: 13: 2323:University of Massachusetts Lowell 1989:Southern Regional Climate Center. 1963: 1914:Southern Regional Climate Center. 1056: 793: 154:, which is experiencing its worst 29:United States rainfall climatology 16:Characteristics of weather in U.S. 14: 2871: 2821: 2753:"Precipitation and Storm Changes" 2536:National Park of American Samoa. 2410:Western Regional Climate Center. 2168:Tropical Cyclones in the Midwest. 2082:Great Lakes Information Network. 1391:Mt. Baker snowfall record sticks. 1330:Lower Colorado River rain shadow. 1184:Western Regional Climate Center. 896: 749:largely shield New York City and 150:A typical dry lakebed is seen in 2620:Southern Region Climate Center. 2600:Southern Region Climate Center. 2567:RAINFALL VARIATIONS DURING ENSO. 1916:Climate Synopsis For Mississippi 1002: 855:moderated by seasonal northeast 784: 732: 720:through the year. For example, 674: 639: 465: 158:in 1,200 years, precipitated by 31:differ significantly across the 2769: 2744: 2720: 2696: 2680: 2664: 2647: 2627: 2614: 2594: 2559: 2543: 2530: 2517: 2501: 2485: 2469: 2453: 2437: 2424: 2404: 2384: 2377:David R. Vallee (Summer 2002). 2371: 2348: 2328: 2305: 2281:American Meteorological Society 2260: 2236:American Meteorological Society 2215: 2184:United States Geological Survey 2173: 2160: 2141: 2116: 2096: 2076: 1996: 1991:Climate Synopsis for Louisiana. 1983: 1950: 1908: 1891: 1868: 1844: 1788: 1759: 1750: 1734: 1714: 1701: 1688: 1656:American Meteorological Society 1633: 1617: 1594: 1581: 1568: 1545: 1525: 1512: 1489: 1469: 1449: 1429: 1416: 1396: 1378: 1362: 1342: 1322: 1309: 1296: 1280: 1080:science writer (May 28, 2022). 713:North American blizzard of 2006 485: 1720:Southeast Climate Consortium. 1520:Utah's Greatest Snow on Earth. 1435:John Monteverdi and Jan Null. 1328:Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. 1221: 1145: 1125: 1106:Irina Ivanova (June 2, 2022). 1099: 1069: 928: 630: 583: 561: 311:nears 150E longitude. During 109:mesoscale convective complexes 43:, Pacific storm systems bring 1: 2860:Severe weather and convection 2797:10.1016/S0959-3780(02)00008-0 2757:Environment Protection Agency 1404:Average Annual Precipitation. 1164:Illinois State Water Survey. 1049: 973:Changes due to global warming 187:rainfall downwind of cities. 2855:Climate of the United States 2704:University of North Carolina 2622:Magueyes Island Climatology. 2311:Frank P. Colby, Jr. (2003). 1722:SECC Winter Climate Outlook. 1350:Sierra Nevada Precipitation. 1214:. Oregon Climate Service at 1023:Drought in the United States 1018:Climate of the United States 969:(960 mm) at East Hill. 966:United States Virgin Islands 960:United States Virgin Islands 702: 523:mesoscale convective complex 518:mesoscale convective systems 241:From September through May, 116:El Niño–Southern Oscillation 89:United States Virgin Islands 7: 2785:Global Environmental Change 2687:Central Intelligence Agency 2550:Central Intelligence Agency 2512:The World Factbook -- Guam. 2508:Central Intelligence Agency 2444:Central Intelligence Agency 2212:. Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2210:University of New Hampshire 2031:"Buffalo, New York Climate" 1218:. Retrieved on 2006-10-23. 1033:Floods in the United States 995: 492:Mesoscale convective system 213:Pacific decadal oscillation 67:moisture moving around the 10: 2876: 2602:Pico del Este Climatology. 2325:. Retrieved on 2008-03-01. 2186:. Retrieved on 2008-03-01. 1630:. Retrieved on 2012-03-14. 1556:Basics of Arizona Monsoon. 1542:. Retrieved on 1999-08-05. 1442:December 27, 2009, at the 1257:September 1, 2006, at the 984: 953:North Atlantic oscillation 932: 802: 643: 595: 489: 369: 326: 230: 194: 141: 136:Southeastern United States 2179:Allan D. Randall (1996). 1932:The Geography of Georgia. 1875:Climate Prediction Center 1601:Climate Prediction Center 1554:Department of Geography. 1315:William Edward Duellman. 798: 309:Madden–Julian oscillation 190: 2717:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2693:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2677:Retrieved on 2008-01-23. 2661:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2644:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2624:Retrieved on 2008-01-23. 2611:Retrieved on 2008-01-23. 2576:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2556:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2540:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2527:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2514:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2498:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2482:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2466:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2450:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2434:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2421:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2401:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2368:Retrieved on 2006-11-05. 2198:Barry Keim (June 1999). 2170:Retrieved on 2008-03-02. 2157:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2113:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2093:Retrieved on 2008-03-01. 2073:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2057:Retrieved on 2008-03-01. 1993:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 1980:Retrieved on 2007-06-02. 1960:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 1947:Retrieved on 2008-03-18. 1934:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 1918:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 1888:Retrieved on 2008-02-28. 1798:Retrieved on 2008-03-01. 1785:Retrieved on 2008-03-02. 1769:Retrieved on 2008-03-23. 1747:Retrieved on 2008-02-29. 1731:Retrieved on 2008-02-29. 1711:Retrieved on 2008-03-01. 1698:Retrieved on 2008-02-29. 1614:Retrieved on 2008-02-29. 1591:Retrieved on 2008-02-29. 1578:Retrieved on 2008-02-29. 1565:Retrieved on 2008-02-29. 1552:Arizona State University 1538:October 2, 2012, at the 1522:Retrieved on 2008-03-01. 1509:Retrieved on 2008-03-01. 1496:National Weather Service 1486:Retrieved on 2008-03-01. 1475:Steenburgh, W. J, 1999. 1466:Retrieved on 2008-02-29. 1446:Retrieved on 2008-02-28. 1426:Retrieved on 2008-02-28. 1413:Retrieved on 2008-03-01. 1393:Retrieved on 2008-02-29. 1375:Retrieved on 2008-03-01. 1359:Retrieved on 2008-02-29. 1339:Retrieved on 2008-03-01. 1319:Retrieved on 2008-03-01. 1306:Retrieved on 2008-03-01. 1304:Rivers of North America. 1293:Retrieved on 2008-02-29. 1277:Retrieved on 2008-03-01. 1261:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 1238:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 1195:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 1175:Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 1155:Retrieved on 2014-08-06. 1142:Retrieved on 2008-03-09. 1066:Retrieved on 2008-03-21. 619:air into states such as 496:Downslope winds off the 274:, the central valley of 233:Orographic precipitation 93:Northern Mariana Islands 2273:Weather and Forecasting 2148:Upper Michigan Weather. 1945:South Carolina Climate. 1216:Oregon State University 870: 853:tropical marine climate 687:Weather systems in the 500:can aid in forming the 218: 174:, the mountains of the 134:and to some extent the 55:During the summer, the 27:The characteristics of 2334:Neil F. Laird (2004). 2228:Monthly Weather Review 1832:Cite journal requires 1694:Elizabeth A. Ritchie. 1647:Monthly Weather Review 1623:David M. Roth (2012). 1531:Deseret Morning News. 1402:Sierra Nevada Photos. 1348:Sierra Nevada Photos. 982: 935:Climate of Puerto Rico 884: 818: 781:across the Southeast. 716: 684: 663: 662:lake effect snowsquall 593: 372:North American Monsoon 367: 355:North American Monsoon 329:Great Salt Lake effect 243:extratropical cyclones 228: 167: 128:droughts in California 73:air-mass thunderstorms 57:North American monsoon 24: 2069:Randall J. Schaetzl. 2053:Thomas W. Schmidlin. 1673:10.1175/2009MWR2768.1 1369:Olympic National Park 1227:John Papineau, Ph.D. 980: 878: 813:Systems such as this 812: 747:Appalachian Mountains 710: 682: 657: 591: 366:monsoon season clouds 362: 226: 149: 23:Average precipitation 22: 2102:Troy M. Kimmel, Jr. 2004:"Climate of Chicago" 1852:"Climate of Florida" 1589:Maddox Type IV Event 1166:Climate of Illinois. 1043:Susan van den Heever 1010:United States portal 553:peninsula, a strong 478:El Cajon, California 2289:1995WtFor..10....5M 2244:1985MWRv..113..989L 1664:2009MWRv..137.2415C 964:The climate of the 851:The islands have a 722:Burlington, Vermont 436:of the remnants of 162:, and is therefore 2713:2008-03-21 at the 2640:2008-03-02 at the 2607:2007-12-21 at the 2572:2008-04-21 at the 2492:United States Navy 2417:2008-03-14 at the 2412:Climate of Hawaii. 2397:2011-08-10 at the 2364:2008-05-11 at the 2341:2006-09-04 at the 2318:2012-02-20 at the 2205:2012-02-20 at the 2153:2008-12-02 at the 2109:2016-01-15 at the 2089:2008-05-09 at the 2035:www.bestplaces.net 1976:2008-03-05 at the 1884:2010-05-28 at the 1727:2008-03-04 at the 1610:2016-12-26 at the 1587:Norman W. Junker. 1561:2009-05-31 at the 1505:2004-12-17 at the 1482:2007-04-25 at the 1462:2007-10-22 at the 1409:2008-02-22 at the 1355:2008-02-22 at the 1335:2008-02-06 at the 1273:Norman W. Junker. 1234:2008-05-11 at the 1210:2007-06-19 at the 1191:2008-03-04 at the 1186:Climate of Alaska. 1171:2008-06-25 at the 1138:2010-03-15 at the 1131:NationalAtlas.gov 983: 918:Rainmaker Mountain 885: 879:Typhoons, such as 819: 717: 685: 664: 615:, bringing higher 604:precipitable water 594: 577:Memphis, Tennessee 368: 296:Continental Divide 229: 168: 61:Gulf of California 25: 2732:www.ncdc.noaa.gov 1956:Jason C. Elliot. 1574:New Mexico Tech. 1076:Seth Borenstein, 907:tropical cyclones 847:Northern Marianas 824:Mount Waiʻaleʻale 775:Massachusetts Bay 344:Wasatch Mountains 317:Pacific Northwest 284:Olympic Mountains 266:occurring in the 197:Climate of Alaska 180:Willamette Valley 176:Pacific Northwest 81:tropical cyclones 69:subtropical ridge 37:tropical cyclones 2867: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2811: 2805: 2799:. Archived from 2782: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2764: 2763: 2748: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2738: 2724: 2718: 2700: 2694: 2684: 2678: 2671:Associated Press 2668: 2662: 2651: 2645: 2635:Impacts of ENSO. 2631: 2625: 2618: 2612: 2598: 2592: 2586: 2577: 2563: 2557: 2547: 2541: 2534: 2528: 2521: 2515: 2505: 2499: 2489: 2483: 2473: 2467: 2457: 2451: 2441: 2435: 2428: 2422: 2408: 2402: 2388: 2382: 2375: 2369: 2352: 2346: 2332: 2326: 2309: 2303: 2302: 2300: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2219: 2213: 2196: 2187: 2177: 2171: 2164: 2158: 2145: 2139: 2138: 2136: 2135: 2123:Metcalfe, John. 2120: 2114: 2100: 2094: 2080: 2074: 2067: 2058: 2051: 2045: 2044: 2042: 2041: 2027: 2018: 2017: 2016: 2015: 2000: 1994: 1987: 1981: 1967: 1961: 1954: 1948: 1941: 1935: 1928: 1919: 1912: 1906: 1895: 1889: 1872: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1863: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1835: 1830: 1828: 1820: 1814: 1805: 1799: 1792: 1786: 1779: 1770: 1763: 1757: 1754: 1748: 1738: 1732: 1718: 1712: 1705: 1699: 1692: 1686: 1685: 1675: 1637: 1631: 1621: 1615: 1598: 1592: 1585: 1579: 1572: 1566: 1549: 1543: 1529: 1523: 1516: 1510: 1493: 1487: 1473: 1467: 1453: 1447: 1433: 1427: 1420: 1414: 1400: 1394: 1382: 1376: 1366: 1360: 1346: 1340: 1326: 1320: 1313: 1307: 1300: 1294: 1284: 1278: 1271: 1262: 1248: 1239: 1225: 1219: 1202: 1196: 1182: 1176: 1162: 1156: 1149: 1143: 1129: 1123: 1122: 1120: 1118: 1103: 1097: 1096: 1091: 1089: 1078:Associated Press 1073: 1067: 1060: 1012: 1007: 1006: 1005: 949:tropical cyclone 941:hurricane season 924:Atlantic islands 902:American Samoa's 658:A linear single 646:Lake-effect snow 566:The subtropical 469: 428:force winds and 278:, and the lower 2875: 2874: 2870: 2869: 2868: 2866: 2865: 2864: 2845: 2844: 2824: 2819: 2818: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2780: 2774: 2770: 2761: 2759: 2749: 2745: 2736: 2734: 2726: 2725: 2721: 2715:Wayback Machine 2701: 2697: 2685: 2681: 2669: 2665: 2652: 2648: 2642:Wayback Machine 2632: 2628: 2619: 2615: 2609:Wayback Machine 2599: 2595: 2587: 2580: 2574:Wayback Machine 2564: 2560: 2548: 2544: 2538:American Samoa. 2535: 2531: 2522: 2518: 2506: 2502: 2490: 2486: 2474: 2470: 2458: 2454: 2442: 2438: 2429: 2425: 2419:Wayback Machine 2409: 2405: 2399:Wayback Machine 2389: 2385: 2376: 2372: 2366:Wayback Machine 2353: 2349: 2343:Wayback Machine 2333: 2329: 2320:Wayback Machine 2310: 2306: 2265: 2261: 2220: 2216: 2207:Wayback Machine 2197: 2190: 2178: 2174: 2166:David M. Roth. 2165: 2161: 2155:Wayback Machine 2146: 2142: 2133: 2131: 2121: 2117: 2111:Wayback Machine 2101: 2097: 2091:Wayback Machine 2081: 2077: 2068: 2061: 2052: 2048: 2039: 2037: 2029: 2028: 2021: 2013: 2011: 2002: 2001: 1997: 1988: 1984: 1978:Wayback Machine 1968: 1964: 1955: 1951: 1942: 1938: 1929: 1922: 1913: 1909: 1896: 1892: 1886:Wayback Machine 1873: 1869: 1861: 1859: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1833: 1831: 1822: 1821: 1812: 1806: 1802: 1793: 1789: 1780: 1773: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1751: 1739: 1735: 1729:Wayback Machine 1719: 1715: 1706: 1702: 1693: 1689: 1638: 1634: 1622: 1618: 1612:Wayback Machine 1599: 1595: 1586: 1582: 1573: 1569: 1563:Wayback Machine 1550: 1546: 1540:Wayback Machine 1530: 1526: 1517: 1513: 1507:Wayback Machine 1494: 1490: 1484:Wayback Machine 1474: 1470: 1464:Wayback Machine 1455:Nathan Mantua. 1454: 1450: 1444:Wayback Machine 1434: 1430: 1421: 1417: 1411:Wayback Machine 1401: 1397: 1383: 1379: 1367: 1363: 1357:Wayback Machine 1347: 1343: 1337:Wayback Machine 1327: 1323: 1314: 1310: 1301: 1297: 1285: 1281: 1272: 1265: 1259:Wayback Machine 1249: 1242: 1236:Wayback Machine 1226: 1222: 1212:Wayback Machine 1203: 1199: 1193:Wayback Machine 1183: 1179: 1173:Wayback Machine 1163: 1159: 1150: 1146: 1140:Wayback Machine 1130: 1126: 1116: 1114: 1104: 1100: 1087: 1085: 1074: 1070: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1008: 1003: 1001: 998: 989: 975: 962: 937: 931: 926: 899: 881:Pongsona (2002) 873: 849: 834:) and leeward ( 807: 801: 796: 794:Pacific islands 787: 735: 726:Portland, Maine 705: 677: 652: 644:Main articles: 642: 633: 600: 586: 564: 535: 498:Rocky Mountains 494: 488: 483: 482: 481: 475: 470: 438:tropical storms 374: 357: 335:Great Salt Lake 331: 325: 260:Rocky Mountains 239: 221: 199: 193: 164:water rationing 144: 50:Great Salt Lake 17: 12: 11: 5: 2873: 2863: 2862: 2857: 2841: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2823: 2822:External links 2820: 2817: 2816: 2791:(3): 197–202. 2768: 2743: 2719: 2695: 2679: 2663: 2646: 2626: 2613: 2593: 2578: 2558: 2542: 2529: 2516: 2500: 2494:(2005-06-02). 2484: 2468: 2452: 2436: 2430:Pao-Shin Chu. 2423: 2403: 2383: 2370: 2347: 2327: 2304: 2259: 2214: 2188: 2172: 2159: 2140: 2115: 2095: 2075: 2059: 2046: 2019: 1995: 1982: 1962: 1949: 1936: 1920: 1907: 1890: 1867: 1843: 1834:|journal= 1800: 1787: 1771: 1758: 1749: 1733: 1713: 1700: 1687: 1632: 1616: 1593: 1580: 1567: 1544: 1524: 1511: 1488: 1468: 1448: 1428: 1415: 1395: 1377: 1361: 1341: 1321: 1308: 1295: 1279: 1263: 1240: 1220: 1197: 1177: 1157: 1144: 1124: 1098: 1068: 1054: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1046: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1014: 1013: 997: 994: 987:Global warming 974: 971: 961: 958: 943:. Due to the 930: 927: 925: 922: 898: 897:American Samoa 895: 872: 869: 848: 845: 800: 797: 795: 792: 786: 783: 771:Chesapeake Bay 734: 731: 704: 701: 676: 673: 641: 638: 632: 629: 585: 582: 563: 560: 534: 531: 487: 484: 472: 471: 464: 463: 462: 442:Flash flooding 419:Desert Monsoon 370:Main article: 356: 353: 327:Main article: 324: 321: 280:Colorado River 252:Columbia River 220: 217: 208:Gulf of Alaska 192: 189: 160:climate change 143: 140: 120:global warming 101:American Samoa 65:Gulf of Mexico 59:combined with 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2872: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2843: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2825: 2806:on 2010-01-20 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2779: 2772: 2758: 2754: 2747: 2733: 2729: 2723: 2716: 2712: 2709: 2705: 2699: 2692: 2688: 2683: 2676: 2672: 2667: 2660: 2656: 2650: 2643: 2639: 2636: 2630: 2623: 2617: 2610: 2606: 2603: 2597: 2590: 2585: 2583: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2562: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2539: 2533: 2526: 2520: 2513: 2509: 2504: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2481: 2477: 2472: 2465: 2461: 2456: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2433: 2427: 2420: 2416: 2413: 2407: 2400: 2396: 2393: 2392:Rain supreme. 2390:Diana Leone. 2387: 2380: 2374: 2367: 2363: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2344: 2340: 2337: 2331: 2324: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2308: 2299: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2263: 2254: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2218: 2211: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2195: 2193: 2185: 2182: 2176: 2169: 2163: 2156: 2152: 2149: 2144: 2130: 2126: 2119: 2112: 2108: 2105: 2099: 2092: 2088: 2085: 2079: 2072: 2066: 2064: 2056: 2050: 2036: 2032: 2026: 2024: 2009: 2005: 1999: 1992: 1986: 1979: 1975: 1972: 1966: 1959: 1953: 1946: 1940: 1933: 1927: 1925: 1917: 1911: 1904: 1900: 1894: 1887: 1883: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1857: 1853: 1847: 1839: 1826: 1818: 1811: 1804: 1797: 1791: 1784: 1778: 1776: 1768: 1762: 1753: 1746: 1742: 1737: 1730: 1726: 1723: 1717: 1710: 1707:ClimaTrends. 1704: 1697: 1691: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1658:: 2415–2435. 1657: 1653: 1649: 1648: 1643: 1636: 1629: 1626: 1620: 1613: 1609: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1590: 1584: 1577: 1571: 1564: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1528: 1521: 1515: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1485: 1481: 1478: 1472: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1452: 1445: 1441: 1438: 1432: 1425: 1419: 1412: 1408: 1405: 1399: 1392: 1388: 1387: 1381: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1358: 1354: 1351: 1345: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1325: 1318: 1312: 1305: 1299: 1292: 1288: 1283: 1276: 1270: 1268: 1260: 1256: 1253: 1247: 1245: 1237: 1233: 1230: 1224: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1206: 1201: 1194: 1190: 1187: 1181: 1174: 1170: 1167: 1161: 1154: 1148: 1141: 1137: 1134: 1128: 1113: 1109: 1102: 1095: 1083: 1079: 1072: 1065: 1059: 1055: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1011: 1000: 993: 988: 979: 970: 967: 957: 954: 950: 946: 942: 936: 921: 919: 915: 911: 908: 903: 894: 891: 882: 877: 868: 866: 862: 858: 854: 844: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 816: 811: 806: 791: 782: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 730: 727: 723: 714: 709: 700: 698: 694: 690: 681: 672: 670: 661: 656: 651: 647: 637: 628: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 605: 599: 590: 581: 578: 574: 569: 559: 556: 552: 547: 544: 539: 530: 528: 524: 519: 514: 511: 507: 503: 499: 493: 479: 474: 468: 461: 459: 455: 451: 446: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 422: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 373: 365: 361: 352: 349: 345: 340: 339:Wasatch Front 336: 330: 320: 318: 314: 310: 305: 301: 297: 293: 292:Sierra Nevada 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 256:Fraser Valley 253: 248: 244: 238: 234: 225: 216: 215:is positive. 214: 209: 204: 198: 188: 185: 184:Sierra Nevada 181: 177: 173: 172:98th meridian 165: 161: 157: 153: 148: 139: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 112: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 53: 51: 46: 42: 38: 34: 33:United States 30: 21: 2842: 2808:. 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