364:. Kruger publicly accepted Burgers's election and announced at his inauguration that "as a good republican", he submitted to the vote of the majority but had grave personal reservations regarding the new president. He particularly disliked Burgers's new education law, which restricted children's religious instruction to outside school hours, which was in Kruger's view an affront to God. That, coupled with the sickness of Gezina and their children with malaria, caused Kruger to lose interest in his office. In May 1873, he requested an honourable discharge from his post, which Burgers promptly granted. The office of commandant-general was abolished the following week.
313:
president and commandant-general. Schoeman was found guilty of rebellion against the state and banished. In May the election results were announced, with Van
Rensburg becoming president and Kruger as commandant-general. Both expressed disappointment at the low turnout and resolved to hold another set of elections. Van Rensburg's opponent was now Pretorius, who had resigned his office in the Orange Free State and returned to the Transvaal. Turnout was higher, and on 12 October, the volksraad announced another Van Rensburg victory. Kruger was returned as commandant-general with a large majority. The civil war ended with Kruger's victory over
340:, which was under threat by the chief, Katlakter, Kruger and his officers resolved that holding the town was impossible and ordered a general evacuation, and Katlakter razed the town. The loss of Schoemansdal, once a prosperous settlement by Boer standards, was considered a great humiliation by many burghers. The Transvaal government formally exonerated Kruger over the matter by ruling that he had been forced to evacuate Schoemansdal by factors beyond his control, but some still argued that he had given the town up too readily. Peace returned to Zoutpansberg in 1869 after the intervention of the republic's
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98:
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89:
333:, despite Kruger's attempts to maintain discipline. The following February, after a meeting of the Volksraad in Potchefstroom, Kruger capsized his cart during the journey home and broke his left leg. On one leg, he righted the cart and continued the rest of the way. The injury incapacitated him for the next nine months, and his left leg was thereafter slightly shorter than his right.
324:
The civil war led to an economic collapse in the
Transvaal, weakening the government's ability to back up its professed authority and sovereignty over the local chiefdoms, though Lydenburg and Utrecht now accepted the central administration. By 1865 tensions had risen with the Zulus to the east and
312:
Schoeman mustered a commando at
Potchefstroom but was routed by Kruger on the night of 9 October 1862. After Schoeman returned with a larger force Kruger and Pretorius held negotiations and agreed to hold a special court on the disturbances in January 1863 and soon thereafter fresh elections for
298:
on 10 September 1860 to choose between his two posts. To the surprise of his supporters and detractors, he resigned as
President of the Transvaal and continued in the Free State. After Schoeman unsuccessfully attempted to use force to supplant Grobler as acting president, Kruger persuaded him to
303:
was appointed acting president while a new election was organised for
October 1862. Having returned home, Kruger was surprised to receive a message urgently requesting his presence in the capital, the volksraad having recommended him as a suitable candidate. He replied that he was pleased to be
325:
war had broken out again between the Orange Free State and the
Basotho. Pretorius and Kruger led a commando of about 1,000 men south to help the Free State. The Basotho were defeated and Moshoeshoe ceded some of his territory, but President
304:
summoned but his membership in the Dopper Church meant that he could not enter politics. Van
Rensburg promptly had legislation passed to give equal political rights to members of all Reformed denominations.
276:
attempted to side-step the constitutional problems by granting
Pretorius half-a-year of leave in the hope that a solution might come about, and the president duly left for Bloemfontein and appointed
360:, a church minister from the Cape who was noted for his eloquent preaching but controversial because of his liberal interpretation of the scriptures; for example, he did not believe in the
336:
In 1867, Pretoria sent Kruger to restore law and order in
Zoutpansberg. He had around 500 men but very low reserves of ammunition, and discipline in the ranks was poor. On reaching
280:
to be acting president in his absence. Pretorius was sworn in as
President of the Free State on 8 February 1860 and sent a deputation to Pretoria to negotiate union the next day.
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321:
on 5 January 1864. Elections were held yet again, and this time Pretorius defeated Van Rensburg. Kruger was re-elected as commandant-general with over two thirds of the vote.
673:
419:
Kruger had owned Boekenhoutfontein since 1860. He retained Waterkloof as well, would own both properties for the rest of his life and would acquire and sell many others.
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of the Free State decided not to give any of the conquered land to the Transvaal burghers. The Transvaal men were scandalised and returned home
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and others in the Transvaal government disliked Pretorius's unconstitutional dual presidency and worried that Britain might declare the
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272:. The Transvaal constitution that he had just enacted made it illegal to hold office abroad, but he readily did so and won. The
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2008:
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submit to a volksraad hearing, where Schoeman was censured and relieved of his post.
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406:
The Doppers despised Burgers, denouncing him as "Godless"; some even called him the
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1938:
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268:, where many burghers now favoured union, partly as a means to overcome the
2225:
1834:
1655:
1606:
769:
683:
606:
Davenport, T R H (2004). "Kruger, Stephanus Johannes Paulus (1825–1904)".
356:
Kruger's preferred candidate, William Robinson, was decisively defeated by
341:
269:
233:
229:
1818:
761:
284:
245:
240:
divided into numerous political factions. The war ended in 1864, when an
121:
371:, near Rustenburg, and for a time absented himself from public affairs.
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1931:
1044:
989:
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833:
407:
221:
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889:
746:
1030:
317:'s commando, raised in support of Pretorius and Schoeman, at the
217:
213:
1757:
913:
692:
200:, c. 1865. The loss of his left thumb is clearly visible.
905:
352:
Pretorius stepped down as President in November 1871. In the
237:
586:
584:
571:
569:
567:
542:
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450:
448:
446:
581:
564:
552:
208:
was a series of skirmishes during the early 1860s in the
537:
496:
484:
472:
460:
443:
294:
void if the republics joined. Pretorius was told by the
515:
513:
511:
232:. It began after the British government had recognised
681:
525:
612:(online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
508:
236:
living in the Transvaal as independent in 1854. The
196:Kruger, photographed as Commandant-General of the
2732:
1471:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
212:, or Transvaal, in the area now comprising the
188:, a fierce opponent of Kruger during the 1860s
667:
264:, was invited to stand for President in the
248:tree south of the site of the later town of
674:
660:
413:
400:
260:In late 1859, the president of Transvaal,
2761:Wars involving the South African Republic
605:
519:
1544:Reconstruction and Development Programme
632:
590:
575:
558:
546:
531:
502:
490:
478:
466:
454:
191:
180:
1140:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
609:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2733:
1621:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
655:
1551:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
1197:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
367:Kruger moved his main residence to
13:
635:President Paul Kruger: A Biography
301:Willem Cornelis Janse van Rensburg
14:
2797:
2703:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
2338:South African Party (Cape Colony)
2715:
2714:
169:
160:
148:
137:
126:
115:
96:
87:
74:
2352:South African Party (1977–1980)
2345:South African Party (1911–1934)
2261:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
2058:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
2771:Civil wars of the 19th century
1670:2019 service delivery protests
1656:#FeesMustFall student protests
1401:1983 constitutional referendum
432:
1:
2128:Johannesburg Reform Committee
1357:Israel–South Africa Agreement
750:
735:
712:
705:
426:
255:
1783:Black Consciousness Movement
1537:Government of National Unity
626:UK public library membership
347:
7:
2756:19th-century guerrilla wars
1494:Saint James Church massacre
1380:Weapons of mass destruction
633:Meintjes, Johannes (1974).
374:
10:
2802:
1234:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
1112:South West Africa campaign
1011:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
976:French Huguenot settlement
599:
262:Marthinus Wessel Pretorius
244:treaty was signed under a
2712:
2689:African National Congress
2678:
2584:
2417:
2149:Liberal Party (1953–1968)
1872:
1863:
1721:
1517:
1487:1992 apartheid referendum
1156:
1101:
1020:
958:
931:
924:
690:
278:Johannes Hermanus Grobler
108:
67:
28:
23:
2142:Labour Party (1969–1994)
2135:Labour Party (1910–1958)
1691:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
1649:#RhodesMustFall protests
1248:1960 republic referendum
393:
292:Orange River Conventions
103:Republic of Zoutpansberg
2587:terrorist organisations
1677:2019 Johannesburg riots
1290:Constructive engagement
1255:International isolation
1073:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
358:Thomas François Burgers
16:South African civil war
1600:Attack on Kennedy Road
1211:Congress of the People
802:South African Republic
618:10.1093/ref:odnb/41290
307:
210:South African Republic
201:
198:South African Republic
189:
109:Commanders and leaders
82:South African Republic
46:South African Republic
2170:Natal Indian Congress
1890:Afrikaner Broederbond
1744:Afrikaner nationalism
1530:1994 general election
1501:Bophuthatswana crisis
1394:Church Street bombing
1174:Apartheid legislation
1167:1948 general election
1087:South Africa Act 1909
882:Union of South Africa
702:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
682:Political history of
195:
184:
2786:1964 in South Africa
2781:1863 in South Africa
2776:1862 in South Africa
1804:Greater South Africa
1642:2014 platinum strike
1508:Shell House massacre
1436:Transkei coup d'état
1241:Sharpeville massacre
1004:Battle of Blaauwberg
997:Battle of Muizenberg
949:Battle of Salt River
732:Mthethwa Paramountcy
2696:Democratic Alliance
1873:Civic and political
1737:Afrikaner Calvinism
1730:African nationalism
1579:African Renaissance
1269:UNSC Resolution 591
1190:Internal resistance
1091:National Convention
1059:Transvaal Civil War
983:Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars
866:Orange River Colony
637:. London: Cassell.
283:Commandant-General
206:Transvaal Civil War
133:Willem van Rensburg
36:1862–1864 (2 years)
24:Transvaal Civil War
1443:Ciskei coup d'état
1262:UN Resolution 1761
1227:Women's March 1956
1080:South African Wars
1066:Mineral Revolution
202:
190:
186:Stephanus Schoeman
155:Stephanus Schoeman
2751:Conflicts in 1864
2746:Conflicts in 1863
2741:Conflicts in 1862
2728:
2727:
2681:political parties
2674:
2673:
2651:Orde van die Dood
2268:Progressive Party
1974:Congress Alliance
1790:Cape Independence
1722:Political culture
1717:
1716:
1684:COVID-19 pandemic
1614:Marikana massacre
1450:Venda coup d'état
1204:Defiance Campaign
794:Orange Free State
724:Dutch Cape Colony
644:978-0-304-29423-7
624:(Subscription or
593:, pp. 73–74.
578:, pp. 68–71.
561:, pp. 64–65.
549:, pp. 61–63.
505:, pp. 58–60.
493:, pp. 56–57.
481:, pp. 54–56.
469:, pp. 52–53.
457:, pp. 49–51.
369:Boekenhoutfontein
266:Orange Free State
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2575:Umkosi Wezintaba
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2420:social movements
2418:Trade unions and
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2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
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1939:Boerestaat Party
1934:
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1906:
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1350:Israeli alliance
1345:
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1304:Sporting boycott
1299:
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1276:Academic boycott
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1133:Great Depression
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1119:Maritz rebellion
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969:Dutch settlement
951:
944:
942:Bantu migrations
929:
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909:
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893:
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874:Transvaal Colony
869:
861:
853:
845:
842:Nieuwe Republiek
837:
829:
821:
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797:
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778:Natalia Republic
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439:Some information
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2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2086:HNP (Herstigte)
2084:
2079:HNP (Herenigde)
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1897:Afrikaner Party
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1865:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1825:
1816:
1811:Honorary whites
1809:
1802:
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1572:Soweto bombings
1570:
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1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1373:Soweto Uprising
1371:
1364:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1297:Tar Baby Option
1295:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:Freedom Charter
1216:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1179:
1172:
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1078:
1071:
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1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
974:
967:
954:
947:
940:
920:
912:
904:
896:
888:
880:
872:
864:
856:
848:
840:
832:
824:
818:Griqualand West
816:
810:Griqualand East
808:
800:
792:
784:
776:
768:
760:
753:
745:
738:
730:
722:
715:
708:
700:
686:
680:
645:
623:
602:
597:
589:
582:
574:
565:
557:
553:
545:
538:
530:
526:
518:
509:
501:
497:
489:
485:
477:
473:
465:
461:
453:
444:
437:
433:
429:
424:
423:
418:
414:
405:
401:
396:
387:Second Boer War
377:
350:
319:Crocodile River
310:
258:
170:
168:
167:
161:
159:
158:
149:
147:
146:
138:
136:
135:
127:
125:
124:
116:
114:
97:
95:
94:
88:
86:
75:
73:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2799:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2726:
2725:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2684:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2644:Ossewabrandwag
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2590:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2387:Unionist Party
2383:
2376:
2369:
2366:Torch Commando
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2240:Orde Boerevolk
2236:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2016:DP (1989–2000)
2012:
2009:DP (1973–1977)
2005:
2002:Dominion Party
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1883:Afrikaner Bond
1878:
1876:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1823:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1797:Day of the Vow
1793:
1786:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1565:Floor crossing
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1525:
1523:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1480:Bisho massacre
1476:
1475:
1474:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1422:Operation Vula
1418:
1415:Rubicon speech
1411:
1408:Langa massacre
1404:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1314:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1170:
1162:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1126:Rand Rebellion
1122:
1115:
1107:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1052:Boer Republics
1048:
1041:
1034:
1026:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1000:
993:
986:
979:
972:
964:
962:
956:
955:
953:
952:
945:
937:
935:
926:
922:
921:
919:
918:
910:
902:
898:Bophuthatswana
894:
886:
878:
870:
862:
858:Klein Vrystaat
854:
846:
838:
830:
822:
814:
806:
798:
790:
782:
774:
766:
758:
743:
728:
720:
697:
695:
688:
687:
679:
678:
671:
664:
656:
650:
649:
643:
630:
601:
598:
596:
595:
580:
563:
551:
536:
524:
520:Davenport 2004
507:
495:
483:
471:
459:
442:
430:
428:
425:
422:
421:
412:
398:
397:
395:
392:
391:
390:
384:
381:First Boer War
376:
373:
349:
346:
327:Johannes Brand
309:
306:
289:Sand River and
257:
254:
177:
176:
175:Johannes Steyn
144:
143:Theunis Snyman
111:
110:
106:
105:
84:
70:
69:
65:
64:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
44:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2798:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2723:
2722:
2711:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2677:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2583:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2561:Die Spoorbund
2558:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2416:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2401:Workers Party
2398:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2282:Radio Freedom
2279:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2233:Oranjewerkers
2230:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:organisations
1871:
1868:
1866:organisations
1862:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1709:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1663:Tshwane riots
1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1516:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1387:Project Coast
1384:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1366:Mafeje affair
1363:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1336:Durban Moment
1333:
1330:
1329:Rivonia Trial
1326:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1283:Disinvestment
1280:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1038:1820 Settlers
1035:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1001:
998:
994:
991:
987:
984:
980:
977:
973:
970:
966:
965:
963:
961:
957:
950:
946:
943:
939:
938:
936:
934:
930:
927:
923:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
748:
744:
733:
729:
725:
721:
703:
699:
698:
696:
694:
689:
685:
677:
672:
670:
665:
663:
658:
657:
654:
646:
640:
636:
631:
627:
619:
615:
611:
610:
604:
603:
592:
591:Meintjes 1974
587:
585:
577:
576:Meintjes 1974
572:
570:
568:
560:
559:Meintjes 1974
555:
548:
547:Meintjes 1974
543:
541:
534:, p. 44.
533:
532:Meintjes 1974
528:
521:
516:
514:
512:
504:
503:Meintjes 1974
499:
492:
491:Meintjes 1974
487:
480:
479:Meintjes 1974
475:
468:
467:Meintjes 1974
463:
456:
455:Meintjes 1974
451:
449:
447:
440:
435:
431:
416:
409:
403:
399:
388:
385:
382:
379:
378:
372:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
354:1872 election
345:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
322:
320:
316:
305:
302:
297:
293:
290:
286:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
228:provinces of
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
199:
194:
187:
183:
156:
145:
134:
123:
113:
112:
107:
104:
85:
83:
72:
71:
66:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
43:
40:
39:
35:
32:
31:
27:
22:
19:
2719:
2679:Histories of
2380:United Party
2289:Reform Party
2226:Orangia Unie
1851:
1842:
1835:Swart gevaar
1833:
1817:
1773:
1764:
1705:
1607:Blikkiesdorp
1058:
933:Pre-colonial
786:Natal Colony
770:Zulu Kingdom
684:South Africa
634:
607:
554:
527:
498:
486:
474:
462:
434:
415:
402:
366:
351:
338:Schoemansdal
335:
330:
323:
311:
282:
259:
230:South Africa
205:
203:
68:Belligerents
18:
2766:Paul Kruger
1819:Rooi gevaar
1698:2021 unrest
1628:Nkandlagate
1457:Third Force
1318:Rugby union
916:(1981–1994)
908:(1979–1994)
900:(1977–1994)
892:(1976–1994)
884:(1910–1961)
876:(1902–1910)
868:(1902–1910)
860:(1886–1891)
852:(1885–1887)
844:(1884–1888)
836:(1882–1885)
828:(1882–1883)
820:(1870–1873)
812:(1861–1879)
804:(1856–1902)
796:(1854–1902)
788:(1843–1910)
780:(1839–1843)
772:(1816–1897)
764:(1795–1910)
762:Cape Colony
754: 1780
739: 1780
726:(1652–1806)
716: 1220
709: 1075
389:, 1899–1902
315:Jan Viljoen
285:Paul Kruger
166:Jan Viljoen
122:Paul Kruger
48:(Transvaal)
2735:Categories
2630:Greyshirts
2394:Volksparty
1932:Black Sash
1593:Xenophobia
1586:Travelgate
1343:Border War
1147:Bantustans
1045:Great Trek
990:Xhosa Wars
850:Upingtonia
834:Stellaland
628:required.)
427:References
408:Antichrist
256:Background
226:North West
222:Mpumalanga
1853:Volkstaat
1844:Uitlander
1775:Boerehaat
1751:Anarchism
1558:Arms Deal
1521:apartheid
1181:Pass laws
1158:Apartheid
1103:1910–1948
1022:1815–1910
960:1652–1815
383:, 1880–81
348:Aftermath
296:Volksraad
274:Volksraad
242:armistice
58:Armistice
2721:Category
2623:Boeremag
2121:Jeugkrag
2072:Het Volk
1766:Baasskap
1708:incident
1311:Olympics
890:Transkei
693:polities
691:Defunct
375:See also
344:allies.
331:en masse
234:trekkers
41:Location
2526:SAAPAWU
1864:Defunct
1827:Slavery
1031:Mfecane
600:Sources
270:Basotho
218:Limpopo
214:Gauteng
2477:FOSATU
2331:SAYRCO
2303:SADECO
2219:Occupy
1758:Azania
1706:Lady R
1635:Racism
1464:CODESA
925:Events
914:Ciskei
826:Goshen
756:–1819)
741:–1817)
641:
622:
224:, and
93:Rebels
79:
54:Result
2658:PAGAD
2554:SATUC
2547:SARHU
2533:SACTU
2512:NURHS
2470:FNETU
2456:CTSWU
2449:CNETU
2442:BLATU
2324:SAYCO
2212:NUSAS
2093:IDASA
1904:AITUP
1519:Post-
906:Venda
394:Notes
362:Devil
342:Swazi
250:Brits
246:karee
238:Boers
2665:SANF
2595:APLA
2540:SAIF
2519:PAWE
2505:NEUM
2498:MUSA
2463:FCWU
2408:WOSA
2359:TNIP
2317:SASO
2310:SAIC
2296:SABP
2247:PAVN
1981:COSG
1960:CTEG
1953:CNIP
639:ISBN
204:The
33:Date
2616:BBB
2609:AWB
2602:ARM
2568:UDF
2491:IWW
2484:ICU
2435:BCM
2428:APF
2373:UFP
2275:PRP
2254:PFP
2205:NRP
2198:NPP
2184:NNP
2177:NLP
2163:NCP
2114:ISL
2065:GNP
2037:ECC
2030:DSM
2023:DPP
1995:DLF
1967:COD
1946:CDA
1925:BPC
1918:AVF
1911:APO
614:doi
308:War
2737::
2637:MK
2191:NP
2156:NA
2107:IP
2100:ID
2051:FD
2044:FA
1988:CP
751:c.
736:c.
713:c.
706:c.
583:^
566:^
539:^
510:^
445:^
252:.
220:,
216:,
1093:)
1089:(
749:(
734:(
718:)
711:–
704:(
675:e
668:t
661:v
647:.
620:.
616::
522:.
410:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
