692:
cause the wilting of oak leaves and eventual death. Oak wilt does not currently appear to be damaging the population, but with the
Southern Red Oak being seen as a species of major importance to ecosystems, efforts to prevent oak wilt are being taken. In attempts to manage oak wilt, an integrated approach is adopted, combining root disruption, sanitation, and chemical application to tackle the issue. The goal of root disruption is to prevent any infected trees coming into contact with those that are healthy by root grafts. This means putting trenches, plow line or even a barrier to prevent roots of infected trees coming into contact of those that are healthy. Sanitation measures focus on removing the source of potential spread of disease, the trees that are infected. This can mean just removal of individuals who were infected or even removal of all trees that fall within the infection centre. Finally, there are chemical applications that involve application of fungicides to healthy individuals to prevent them becoming infected, or a therapeutic fungicide that cannot cure the tree but reduces intensity and onset of symptoms. Often the fungicide
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The southern red oak is susceptible to damage as a result of its relatively thin bark. This thinner bark means that fire can easily damage the trees in the form of fire scars and other damage. Bark roughness increases in xeric sites compared to mesic ones potentially an adaptation to fire frequency.
691:
the southern red oak (along with other oak species) will suffer from wilting of leaves, reducing rate of photosynthesis to such a low level that mortality can occur. Fungi invades xylem via infected water, blocking the vessels and prevents normal flow of water up through the tree. This fungus can
713:
The southern red oak is a tree with diverse potential uses, such as for manufacturing of floors, furniture, construction materials and lumber thanks to the sturdy, durable and coarse-grained wood it provides. The southern red oak is vital in the southeastern United States due to its abundance,
452: in) wide, with 3 to 5 sharply pointed, often curved, bristle-tipped lobes, the central lobe long and narrow; the small number of long, narrow lobes is diagnostic, readily distinguishing southern red oak from other red oaks. The base of the leaf is distinctly rounded into an
394:). Native to the southeastern United States, it gets its name the "Spanish Oak" as these are the areas of early Spanish colonies, whilst "southern red oak" comes from both its range and leaf color during late summer and fall. The southern red oak is a
416:
25–30 meters (82–98 feet) tall, with a few forest grown specimens on highly productive sites reaching 35–44 m (115–144 ft), with a trunk up to 1.5 m (5 ft) in diameter, the crown with a broad, round-topped head.
718:, which is used to preserve and treat leather. The southern red oak has a large root system that provides watershed protection to reduce flood damage and soil stability. Other uses for southern red oak include as
704:
The southern red oak is cultivated in eastern United States in USDA Zone 5a to USDA Zone 9b. It can survive lows from −23 to −28.8 °C (−9.4 to −19.8 °F) and highs of 38 °C (100 °F).
542:. The oak was located on Romancoke Road. It fell on July 23, 2017, due to a tornado. The tree was at least 200 years old, stood 20 m (66 ft) tall, and had a 31.2 m (102 ft) spread.
633:
occurs in sandy, loamy or clay soils of upland sites. These soils are often dry, acidic and nutrient poor. In suitable habitats, the species can be found from southern
657:. In the northeastern portion of its range the species is relatively rare and found almost exclusively along the coast; its highest prevalence is throughout the
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714:
providing around 8.1% of annual hardwood volume. Southern red oak wood is used as a fuel source because of its high heat value. The southern red oak provides
491: in) long, bright orange-brown, enclosed for one-third to half of its length in a flat cup. The acorn matures at the end of its second season. The
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The seedlings of southern red oak can survive prescribed fire in winter. The harm caused by fire can leave the tree vulnerable to
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and aesthetic uses in gardens. Southern red oak can provide acorn mast for deer, squirrels, turkeys, song birds and quail.
1811:
1162:"Survival and growth of Pinus echinata and Quercus seedlings in response to simulated summer and winter prescribed burns"
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shape and often lopsided. They are dark green and shiny above, and rusty and hairy below, particularly along the
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which in Latin means "sickle-shaped" in reference to the shape of the lobes that are present on their leaves.
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angiosperm, so has leaves that die after each growing period and come back in the next period of growth.
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Arboretum), Katherine
Wenzell (The Morton; Arboretum), Lisa Kenny (The Morton (2015-03-10).
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568:
Quercus aurea, Q. digitate, Q. elongate, Q. hudsoniana, Q. hypophlaeos,
538:
Queen Anne's County Oak is a southern red oak on record as the largest southern red oak in
8:
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1196:"The Phenolic Extractives in Southern Red Oak (Quercus falcata Michx. var. falcata) Bark"
55:
1500:
1123:"Site-Specific Changes in the Bark Texture of Quercus Falcata Michx. (southern Red Oak)"
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photo of herbarium specimen at
Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Missouri in 1948
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909:. Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
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1305:"A review of oak wilt management: A summary of treatment options and their efficacy"
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872:"Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin"
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554:) and 1 of the 207 oak species in the U.S., and is in the section of the
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County-level distribution map from the North
American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
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930:"'It's devastating': Tornado causes extensive damage on Kent Island"
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Koch, Karrie A.; Quiram, Gina L.; Venette, Robert C. (2010-01-01).
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585:. Several southern red oak hybrids have been described including
184:
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Richman, Talia; Davis, Phil; Dance, Scott (July 24, 2017).
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are 10–30 centimetres (4–12 inches) long and 6–16 cm (
413:
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is Latin for "oak" and followed by the specific epithet,
204:
903:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
1270:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Quercus falcata"
669:
Southern red oak has been reported to form occasional
550:
The southern red oak is a member of the beech family (
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1160:
Cain, Michael D.; Shelton, Michael G. (2011-02-09).
1120:
1080:. In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.).
738:
979:"Quercus falcata | International Plant Names Index"
495:is dark brownish gray with narrow, shallow ridges.
1194:Ohara, Seiji; Hemingway, Richard W. (1989-01-01).
1302:
927:
1798:
1071:
1061:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
1283:10.2305/iucn.uk.2015-4.rlts.t194127a2301887.en
1193:
828:Note that this website has been superseded by
764:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T194127A2301887.en
1348:"UF-SFRC : 4-H : Southern red oak"
1121:Glitzenstein, Jeff; Harcombe, P. A. (1979).
906:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
1159:
1072:Belanger, Roger P.; Krinard, R. M. (1990).
673:with several other red oaks in the region.
625:
815:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
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1100:United States Department of Agriculture
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1110:– via Southern Research Station.
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605:Q. falcata × Quercus laurifolia
1807:IUCN Red List least concern species
1309:Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
1274:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1166:Canadian Journal of Forest Research
846:MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION
750:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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24:
1414:images from Vanderbilt University
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1139:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1979.tb06270.x
25:
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1242:"Oak wilt | The Morton Arboretum"
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1758:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:215831-2
1426:Interactive Distribution Map of
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1027:"Quercus falcata - Plant Finder"
842:"Southern Red Oak (Spanish Oak)"
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1031:www.missouribotanicalgarden.org
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739:Wenzell, K.; Kenny, L. (2015).
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955:"Classification | USDA PLANTS"
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540:Queen Anne's County, Maryland
390:is an oak (part of the genus
1096:United States Forest Service
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566:has the following synonyms:
7:
915:Harvard University Herbaria
684:When exposed to the fungi,
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409:is a medium to large-sized
10:
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1812:NatureServe secure species
1321:10.1016/j.ufug.2009.11.004
1212:10.1515/hfsg.1989.43.3.149
1127:American Journal of Botany
820:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
664:
1827:Trees of Northern America
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1007:oaks.of.the.world.free.fr
911:Missouri Botanical Garden
661:region of the Southeast.
581:was described in 1801 by
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106:Scientific classification
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1822:Plants described in 1801
1088:Silvics of North America
895:Nixon, Kevin C. (1997).
626:Distribution and habitat
1372:"Quercus falcata Michx"
959:plants.sc.egov.usda.gov
708:
687:Ceratocystis fagacearum
512:Marengo County, Alabama
913:, St. Louis, MO &
786:"NatureServe Explorer"
601:Quercus × beaumontiana
587:Quercus × caesariensis
1406:at Wikimedia Commons
757:: e.T194127A2301887.
343:Petz. & G.Kirchn.
1376:www.srs.fs.usda.gov
641:) south to central
558:genus Lobatae, the
388:three-lobed red oak
340:Quercus hypophlaeos
56:Conservation status
27:Species of oak tree
1434:2010-08-24 at the
1419:2010-03-12 at the
876:www.wildflower.org
830:World Flora Online
597:Quercus ilicifolia
471:9–16 millimetres (
384:bottomland red oak
332:Quercus hudsoniana
1794:
1793:
1701:Open Tree of Life
1452:Taxon identifiers
1402:Media related to
1246:www.mortonarb.org
1172:(11): 1830–1836.
1003:"Quercus falcata"
510:A mature tree in
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1460:Quercus falcata
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1436:Wayback Machine
1428:Quercus falcata
1421:Wayback Machine
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1404:Quercus falcata
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1090:. Vol. 2.
1076:Quercus falcata
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1053:Quercus falcata
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591:Q. falcata
579:Q. falcata
575:Q. triloba
571:Q. nobilis
564:Quercus falcata
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374:, also called
371:Quercus falcata
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348:Quercus nobilis
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260:Binomial name
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1675:NatureServe
1597:iNaturalist
1484:Wikispecies
770:19 November
720:shade trees
700:Cultivation
639:Long Island
467:is a short
460:and veins.
402:Description
380:spanish oak
149:Angiosperms
96:NatureServe
1801:Categories
1732:kew-172729
1727:Plant List
1381:2020-12-01
1357:2020-12-01
1315:(1): 1–8.
1289:2020-12-01
1251:2020-12-01
1036:2020-12-01
1012:2020-11-18
988:2020-11-18
964:2020-11-18
881:2020-12-01
791:2021-05-06
726:References
213:Subgenus:
1563:233501030
1329:1618-8667
1220:1437-434X
1147:1537-2197
1083:Hardwoods
696:is used.
679:heart rot
611:Etymology
411:deciduous
396:deciduous
245:Species:
229:Section:
119:Kingdom:
1771:13100245
1766:Tropicos
1680:2.154985
1628:10423379
1615:215831-2
1475:Q1066116
1469:Wikidata
1432:Archived
1417:Archived
1228:94721295
1098:(USFS),
983:ipni.org
939:July 25,
659:piedmont
651:Oklahoma
647:Missouri
635:New York
620:falcata,
616:Quercus,
560:red oaks
552:Fagaceae
546:Taxonomy
293:Synonyms
234:Quercus
218:Quercus
195:Fagaceae
191:Family:
162:Eudicots
76:IUCN 3.1
1817:Quercus
1662:MoBotPF
1576:2880967
1537:1151622
1106:July 5,
851:21 June
671:hybrids
665:Ecology
643:Florida
556:Quercus
486:⁄
476:⁄
447:⁄
433:⁄
392:Quercus
238:Lobatae
222:Quercus
206:Quercus
201:Genus:
185:Fagales
181:Order:
123:Plantae
94: (
92:Secure
74: (
1740:PLANTS
1706:826988
1693:167422
1667:280748
1654:194127
1589:105052
1498:AoFP:
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1102:(USDA)
716:tannin
653:, and
599:) and
525:Acorns
458:midrib
422:leaves
359:Michx.
351:K.Koch
335:Dippel
276:Michx.
175:Rosids
1641:19277
1623:IRMNG
1602:61324
1550:QUEFC
1524:4R4WQ
1508:APA:
1224:S2CID
655:Texas
469:acorn
327:Muhl.
319:Sudw.
236:sect.
220:subg.
169:Clade
156:Clade
143:Clade
130:Clade
1753:POWO
1745:QUFA
1714:PfaF
1688:NCBI
1649:IUCN
1636:ITIS
1610:IPNI
1584:GRIN
1571:GBIF
1545:EPPO
1511:2157
1501:1037
1325:ISSN
1216:ISSN
1143:ISSN
1108:2011
941:2017
853:2023
772:2021
755:2015
709:Uses
573:and
493:bark
465:seed
463:The
420:The
414:tree
311:Raf.
302:List
1779:WFO
1558:FNA
1532:EoL
1519:CoL
1317:doi
1278:doi
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