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the conference site that was established at Arawa High School; additionally, poor communications impacted upon command and control, and the ongoing presence of criminal gangs and restrictive rules of engagement undermined the confidence of stakeholders to participate in the conference. The hasty nature of the deployment also resulted in limited intelligence gathering, which impacted upon the development of coherent tactical, logistical and communications plans. It also led to inefficient loading of vessels, which had to be rectified once deployed.
102:, the force consisted of an infantry security force, supported by various logistic and aviation assets, which were deployed and air and sea from Australia. Troops were drawn from Australia, New Zealand, Tonga, Vanuatu and Fiji. The force was deployed between 4 and 21 October 1994 before being withdrawn. Further peacekeeping troops were deployed to the island in 1997 as part of the Truce Monitoring Group.
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The success of the peace talks was limited as some key members withdrew after ongoing military action by Papuan forces who failed to vacate the area. The deployment was hampered by its limited size, which meant it was unable to secure egress routes to the neutral zones that were established around
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James O'Hara. Reconnaissance for the mission was undertaken between 21 and 23 September. Pre-deployment training was hastily undertaken in
Townsville with 48 troops from Vanuatu, and 109 troops from Tonga being flown in by the RAAF on 26 September, followed by the Fijian contingent two days later.
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After arriving, troops were ferried between key locations including Buin, Panguna and
Wakunai aboard Black Hawk helicopters and LCM-8 landing craft. Operations, including patrols, checkpoints, security cordons and escort details, were undertaken around Arawa, as well as
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The force consisted of 669 ground troops, rising to a total of over 1,000 personnel including ships' crews and other support staff assigned to Task Group 627.5. The main body depart
Townsville by air on 7 October, and arrived in
237:. During the deployment, one of the RAN Sea King helicopters was fired upon by Papua New Guinea Defence Force personnel while undertaking a surveillance mission. It sustained light damage but returned safely from the mission.
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The
Australian involvement was codenamed Operation Lagoon. The force was deployed until 19 October when it began withdrawing. The withdrawal was preceded by a farewell parade in
217:, which provided a high risk search element, that was bolstered by a small New Zealand Army detachment, a water purification element, plant support and construction support.
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164:, while the force in the joint force commander in the field was commanded by the 3rd Brigade commander, Brigadier Peter Abigail. The naval task group was commanded by
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had completed withdrawal by sea and air on 21 October. The SPPKF was followed by the New
Zealand-led Truce Monitoring Group in 1997 and then the Australian-led
146:. The Pacific nations of Tonga, Fiji and Vanuatu also provided troops to support the operation, providing mainly infantry. Tonga also provided a patrol boat,
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Hercules aircraft. Logistics support was provided by the 2nd Field
Logistic Battalion and the 3rd Brigade Administrative Support Battalion. The
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served as the force's headquarters afloat, and was anchored in Arawa Bay during the operation.
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Official History of Australian Peacekeeping, Humanitarian and Post-Cold War Operations
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Neighbour: Australian Peace Support Operations in the Pacific Islands, 1980–2006
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98:. Hastily established to provide security for peace talks around
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Joint
Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade.
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transports. New
Zealand provided support to the operation with
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285:. Australian Peacekeeper & Peacemaker Veterans Association
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provided liaison officers. Engineer support was provided by a
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Nettleton, G. (April 1995). "Bougainville Peace Talks".
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181:sailed the following day. Air assets included
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529:Bougainville: The Peace Process and Beyond
635:Military operations involving New Zealand
110:Consisting of troops from the Australian
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630:Military operations involving Australia
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90:(SPPKF) was an Australian-led
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94:force established during the
554:Adams, Rebecca, ed. (2001).
215:3rd Combat Engineer Regiment
138:, the force was deployed to
116:Special Air Service Regiment
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450:, pp. xxxii & 122.
199:Royal New Zealand Air Force
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153:The overall commander was
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531:. Parliament of Australia
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160:as the Australian Army's
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620:1994 in Papua New Guinea
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625:Peacekeeping operations
258:Peace Monitoring Group
96:Bougainville Civil War
55:Bougainville Civil War
120:Royal Australian Navy
187:Sea King helicopters
575:Breen, Bob (2016).
474:, pp. 121–122.
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114:, supported by the
38:Peacekeeping force
590:978-1-107-01971-3
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92:peacekeeping
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535:2 September
399:Sapper News
289:2 September
250:Julius Chan
148:Veoa Pangai
112:3rd Brigade
51:Engagements
614:Categories
567:0864734085
548:References
511:Adams 2001
499:Breen 2016
484:Breen 2016
472:Breen 2016
460:Breen 2016
448:Breen 2016
436:Breen 2016
424:Breen 2016
412:Breen 2016
382:Breen 2016
370:Breen 2016
355:Breen 2016
343:Breen 2016
328:Breen 2016
316:Breen 2016
304:Breen 2016
68:commanders
61:Commanders
260:in 1998.
213:from the
183:Blackhawk
205:and the
235:Wakunai
231:Panguna
195:Caribou
175:Honiara
166:Captain
125:Success
106:History
66:Notable
587:
564:
254:Tobruk
219:Tobruk
189:, and
179:Tobruk
134:) and
131:Tobruk
118:, the
27:Active
264:Notes
211:troop
144:Arawa
100:Arawa
585:ISBN
562:ISBN
537:2019
291:2019
246:Buka
233:and
227:Buin
193:and
185:and
128:and
86:The
43:Size
35:Type
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