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2480:, whom was the "drum of the Khalsa". In-theory, the Sikh court was based on the Khalsa ideals propounded by Guru Gobind Singh yet the court was secular in-practice. As an example of this secularism, members of the court came from various religious background, including Sikhs, Hindus, Muslims, and Christians. Furthermore, the members also came from various ethnic, regional, and caste backgrounds, such as Dogras, Rajputs, Brahmins, Jats, and Europeans. Whilst Ranjit Singh himself preferred to dress modestly, the Sikh court was filled with elaborately garbed and decorated members. Only three individuals were permitted to be seated on chairs within the durbar, them namely being heir-apparent Kharak Singh,
2354:
4579:
2491:, with Ranjit Singh preferring to sit cross-legged on it. The member of the court allowed to be seated behind the maharaja was Raja Dhian Singh. The rest of the members of the court were seated as per their rank and status. The colours of the Sikh court were yellow and green. Thus, most of its members donned yellow-coloured dressings made from Kashmiri silk or woollens. However, there existed no strict categorization scheme of the rankings of the constituent members of the Lahore Darbar, thus the rankings of its members was determined by the level of trust the maharaja held in them. The court also granted awards upon its members, with most of these essentially being
2655:. Vaisakhi was considered an especially auspicious celebration within the Sikh court, with it giving and distributing gifts of money, gold, silver, cows, horses, elephants, gold-bangles, and food to Brahmins and the poor. During Basant celebrations, the military troops of the empire were paraded donning yellow uniforms, with members of the Sikh court and nobiles also wearing yellow clothing on the day. During Basant, the officials bore gifts for the sovereign ruler, with the ruler in-turn bestowing robe-of-honours to the officials based on their rank and status. During celebrations of Dussehra, the Sikh court assembled itself at Amritsar and the
3325:
3732:
85:
2399:, opening with a gun-duel in which the Sikhs "had the better of the British artillery". As the British made advances, Europeans in their army were specially targeted, as the Sikhs believed if the army "became demoralized, the backbone of the enemy's position would be broken". The fighting continued throughout the night. The British position "grew graver as the night wore on", and "suffered terrible casualties with every single member of the Governor General's staff either killed or wounded". Nevertheless, the British army took and held Ferozeshah. British General Sir
2045:
2976:, who would serve in the positions of foreign minister of the empire and translator for the maharaja, and played important roles in such important events as the negotiations with the British, during which he convinced Ranjit Singh to maintain diplomatic ties with the British and not to go to war with them in 1808, as British troops were moved along the Sutlej in pursuance of the British policy of confining Ranjit Singh to the north of the river, and setting the Sutlej as the dividing boundary between the Sikh and British empires; negotiating with
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their temporary residence, which was based upon the status of the visitor. The state government paid for the expenses regarding the visitor's entertainment. There exists accounts of visitors being gifted by the state, with presents such as fruit, sweets, wines, and also money. Full displays of the empire's regalia and military forces were displayed during important ceremonial functions, such as the marriages of important nobles or when receiving high-level foreign diplomatic dignatories.
134:
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71:
3003:(local elder councils), as well as banning forcible possession of others' land or of inhabited houses to be demolished. There were special courts for Muslims which ruled in accordance to Muslim law in personal matters, and common courts preceded over by judicial officers which administered justice under the customary law of the districts and socio-ethnic groups, and were open to all who wanted to be governed by customary religious law, whether Hindu, Sikh, or Muslim.
3133:(the Islamic call to prayer), the seizure of mosques as property of the state, and imposed ruinous taxes on Kashmiri Muslims causing a famine in 1832. In addition, begar (forced labour) was imposed by the Sikh administration to facilitate the supply of materials to the imperial army, a policy that was augmented by the successive Dogra rulers. These policies led the Kashmiri Muslim population to emigrate en masse to more lenient neighboring regions, particularly
3619:
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3137:. As a symbolic assertion of power, the Sikhs regularly desecrated Muslim places of worship, including closing of the Jamia Masjid in Srinagar and the conversion of the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore to an ammunition store and horse stable, but the empire still maintained Persian administrative institutions and court etiquette; the Sikh silver rupees were minted on the Mughal standard with Persian legends.
3110:, the Austrian botanist and explorer, yet the Sikhs were described as harsh. In this regard, Masson's explanation is perhaps the most pertinent: "Though compared to the Afghans, the Sikhs were mild and exerted a protecting influence, yet no advantages could compensate to their Mohammedan subjects, the idea of subjection to infidels, and the prohibition to slay
2984:, and ensuring the succession of the throne during the Maharaja's last days in addition to caretaking after a stroke, as well as occasional military assignments throughout his career. The Fakir brothers were introduced to the Maharaja when their father, Ghulam Muhiuddin, a physician, was summoned by him to treat an eye ailment soon after his capture of Lahore.
2603:
under strict regulation. These foreign
Western members of the court were persuaded by the state to integrate themselves by marrying a local woman, settling down within the empire, and adopt the cultural customs of the locals, such as growing out a beard or wearing a turban. The Western members of the court were also banned from publicly
2530:(robes) or monetary gifts. When the maharaja was travelling, the court ceased to be static and was held at whatever location the ruler's retinue decided to hold-up at, often under a tree or whilst moving on horseback. The ruler would dictate orders to provincial governors whilst inspecting their troops or even in the midst of battle.
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Every year, while at
Amritsar, Ranjit Singh visited shrines of holy people of other faiths, including several Muslim saints, which did not offend even the most religious Sikhs of his administration. As relayed by Fakir Nuruddin, orders were issued to treat people of all faith groups, occupations, and
3073:
The appointment of key posts in public offices was based on merit and loyalty, regardless of the social group or religion of the appointees, both in and around the court, and in higher as well as lower posts. Key posts in the civil and military administration were held by members of communities from
2340:
in 1809 (in which the empire forfeited the claim to the Cis-Sutlej States, and the
British were not to interfere north of the Sutlej or in the empire's existing territory south of the Sutlej), following attempts by Ranjit Singh to wrest control of these states from the British between 1806 and 1809
2807:
in an offensive, though the Sikhs successfully held their position at their Jamrud fort. Ranjit Singh sent his
General Sirdar Bahadur Gulab Singh Powind thereafter as reinforcement and he crushed the Pashtun rebellion harshly. In 1838, Ranjit Singh with his troops marched into Kabul to take part in
2614:
The Sikh Empire did enact a simple border policy where it did not allow uninvited foreigners into the state. The purpose of this border policy was to dissuade potential foreign spies from entering the country. An example of the policy in-action is the case of
Captain Arnold Mathews, whom snuck into
2602:
Western/European officers from various backgrounds, including
Britishers, Frenchmen, Germans, Italians, Spaniards, Americans, and Russians, also rose to high levels within the Sikh court in many instances. However, the Sikh court was wary of the Westerners within the court, and kept them therefore
2563:
Foreign visitors to the Sikh court were treated with respect and hospitality, with many contemporary accounts of foreign visitors to the court noting the good-treatment afforded to them by the state. When a foreign visitor arrived, they would be greeted by a protocol officer, who would arrange for
2407:
The reasons for the withdrawal of the Sikhs from
Ferozeshah are contentious. Some believe that it was treachery of the non-Sikh high command of their own army which led to them marching away from a British force in a precarious and battered state. Others believe that a tactical withdrawal was the
6007:
In AD 1834, the Sikh empire invaded and annexed Ladakh-a culturally
Tibetan region that was an independent kingdom at the time. Seven years later, a Sikh army invaded western Tibet from Ladakh, starting the Sino-Sikh War. A Qing-Tibetan army repelled the invaders but was in turn defeated when it
6008:
chased the Sikhs into Ladakh. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of
Chushul between the Chinese and Sikh empires (Rubin 1960). As the Qing dynasty declined, its influence on Tibet weakened gradually. By the late nineteenth cen tury, Qing's authority over Tibet had become more symbolic.
3006:
One of Ranjit Singh's first acts after the 1799 capture of Lahore was to revive the offices of the hereditary Qazis and Muftis which had been prevalent in Mughal times. Kazi
Nizamuddin was appointed to decide marital issues among Muslims, while Muftis Mohammad Shahpuri and Sadulla Chishti were
3089:
Muslims in prominent positions included the Fakir brothers, Kazi Nizamuddin, and Mufti Muhammad Shah, among others. Among the top-ranking Muslim officers there were two ministers, one governor and several district officers; there were 41 high-ranking Muslim officers in the army, including two
2344:
The Sikh crossing of the Sutlej, following British militarization of the border with Punjab (from 2,500 men and six guns in 1838 to 17,612 men and 66 guns in 1844, and 40,523 men and 94 guns in 1845), and plans on using the newly conquered territory of Sindh as a springboard to advance on the
4504:
1864:. During the rebellion, Banda Singh Bahadur made a point of destroying the cities in which Mughals had been cruel to the supporters of Guru Gobind Singh. He executed Wazir Khan in revenge for the deaths of Guru Gobind Singh's sons and Pir Budhu Shah after the Sikh victory at
1841:. A short time before his death, Guru Gobind Singh ordered him to reconquer Punjab region and gave him a letter that commanded all Sikhs to join him. After two years of gaining supporters, Banda Singh Bahadur initiated an agrarian uprising by breaking up the large estates of
2512:("hall of audience"), with the court being attended by important members of the court, including princes, ministers, nobles, and civil and military officers. Some matters discussed in the court include high-level civil and military appointments, reports from the provincial
1595:
at Lahore of the empire's ruling government. However, the term "Lahore Darbar" only gained currency around the time of Ranjit Singh's death, with it not being found in British sources until then. The empire's own Persian chronicles refers to its ruling government as the
3090:
generals and several colonels, and 92 Muslims were senior officers in the police, judiciary, legal department and supply and store departments. In artillery, Muslims represented over 50% of the numbers while the cavalry had some 10% Muslims from among the troopers.
2059:
The formal start of the Sikh Empire began with the unification of the Misls by 1801, creating a unified political state. All the Misl leaders, who were affiliated with the army, were the nobility with usually long and prestigious family backgrounds in Sikh history.
4874:
By 1839, the year of his death, the Sikh kingdom extended from Tibet and Kashmir to Sind and from the Khyber Pass to the Himalayas in the east. It spanned 600 miles from east to west and 350 miles from north to south, comprising an area of just over 200,000 square
6236:
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Sher Singh, and Raja Hira Singh. Three sides of the hall of the durbar were covered with golden-pillars, with shawl carpets that were embroidered with golden and silver, and inset with precious stones, decorating the floor. The maharaja was seated on a
1932:
The period from 1716 to 1799 was a highly turbulent time politically and militarily in the Punjab region. This was caused by the overall decline of the Mughal empire that left a power vacuum in the region that was eventually filled by the Sikhs of the
1575:. After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the empire was weakened by the British East India Company stoking internal divisions and political mismanagement. Finally, in 1849, the state was dissolved after the defeat in the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
2551:
5915:
under the Hindu Dogra Maharajas (1846–1947) and even in Pakistan until 1972. ... As has been stated above, there are no reliable indicators for the extent to which Twelver Shi'ism had spread in Baltistan at the time of the Sikh conquest
7106:
6584:
3279:, and in the areas of their greatest concentration formed about one third of the population in the 1830s; half of the Sikh population of this core region was in the area covered by the later districts of Lahore and Amritsar.
1728:, but released him after a number of years when he no longer felt threatened. The Sikh community did not have any further issues with the Mughal Empire until the death of Jahangir in 1627. The succeeding son of Jahangir,
3246:
gave different numbers by retrospectively projecting the 1881 census, putting Muslims at 51%, Hindus at 40% and Sikhs at around 8%, the remaining 1% being Europeans. The population was 3.5 million in 1831, according to
2675:
The Sikh Empire spanned a total of over 200,000 sq mi (520,000 km) at its zenith. Another more conservative estimate puts its total surface area during its zenith at 100,436 sq mi (260,124 km sq).
5704:
5947:
By the 18th century, fighting among the Maqpon princes led to a decline in Skardu's importance. The Sikhs, who inherited much of the Moghul empire, annexed Baltistan in 1840 and the Balti kingdoms' sovereignty
6557:
2403:
recorded: "Truly the night was one of gloom and forbidding and perhaps never in the annals of warfare has a British Army on such a large scale been nearer to a defeat which would have involved annihilation."
7586:
The history of Jews in Rawalpindi dates back to 1839 when many Jewish families from Mashhad fled to save themselves from the persecutions and settled in various parts of subcontinent including Peshawar and
5601:
6678:
5745:
When Ranjit Singh realised that Ahmad Khan Sial of Jhang had concluded a secret treaty with Nawab Muzaffar Khan of Multan, he annexed Jhang in 1807 and gave Ahmad Khan a jagir at Mirowal near Amritsar.
3074:
all over the empire and beyond, including Sikhs, Muslims, Khatris, Brahmins, Dogras, Rajputs, Pashtuns, Europeans, and Americans, among others, and worked their way up the hierarchy to attain merit.
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2208:
of Baltistan, based in Skardu, under the rule of Ahmad Shah Maqpon, was conquered in 1839–40 and its local ruler was deposed. The Dogras at this time were under the suzerainty of the Sikh Empire.
2987:
The other Fakir brothers were Imamuddin, one of his principal administration officers, and Nuruddin, who served as home minister and personal physician, were also granted jagirs by the Maharaja.
4530:
2329:
occupied Faridkot State in 1807. However, control was restored to Gulab Singh of Faridkot in 1809 due to the signing of a treaty between the Lahore Darbar and the British East India Company.
1805:
The establishment of the Khalsa united the Sikh community against various Mughal-backed claimants to the guruship. In 1701, a combined army of the Sivalik Hill rajas and the Mughals under
3823:
3093:
Thus, the government was run by an elite corps drawn from many communities, giving the empire the character of a secular system of government, even when built on theocratic foundations.
2197:
paid regular annual tribute to the Sikh Empire starting 1819 until 1834. The tribute was paid to the local Sikh governors of Kashmir. The Namgyal kingdom would later be conquered by the
3968:
5556:
7305:
In addition to the masjid's use as a site for military storage, stables for the cavalry horses, and barracks for soldiers, parts of it were also used as storage for powder magazines.
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2567:
In order to keep tabs and updated on the happenings of surrounding regions, including remote parts of its territory and foreign countries, the Sikh court received reports from the
6631:
3096:
A ban on cow slaughter, which can be related to Hindu sentiments, was universally imposed in the empire. Ranjit Singh also donated large amounts of gold for the plating of the
1743:, maintained the guruship in these hills by defeating local attempts to seize Sikh land and playing a neutral role in the power struggle between two of the sons of Shah Jahan,
6450:
5911:
Thus Baltistan remained under local Rajas who paid only nominal allegiance to subsequent rulers of Kashmir until subdued by a Sikh army in 1840, and who stayed in office as
3448:
Land revenue was the main source of income, accounting for about 70% of the state's income. Besides this, the other sources of income were customs, excises and monopolies.
1392:
2623:
7088:
2501:(estate grant). Laziness was heavily looked-down upon with the court, with the ruling maharaja often sending out the court's members on military or diplomatic missions.
6706:
2476:
rather than "Khalsa Darbar", owing to the large role Muslims played in Ranjit Singh's court. The ruling court was diverse and under the ultimate command of the ruling
723:
706:
681:
667:
653:
639:
625:
611:
6662:
6500:
7849:
2579:(agents) of foreign countries were associated with the Sikh court on a reciprocal basis. The Sikh court had news-writers located in Afghanistan and also had its own
7698:
Jews first arrived in Rawalpindi's Babu Mohallah neighbourhood from Mashhad, Persia in 1839, in order to flee from anti-Jewish laws instituted by the Qajar dynasty.
7253:
4861:
3011:, or neighborhood subdivision, placed under the charge of one of its members. The office of Kotwal, or prefect of police, was conferred upon a Muslim, Imam Bakhsh.
2539:
structures and donned expensive clothing and accessories (such as jewelry). The Sikh princes, and also Raja Dhian Singh, were permitted to hold their own miniature
1771:
and was arrested by Aurangzeb. When offered a choice between conversion to Islam and death, he chose to die rather than compromise his principles and was executed.
6379:
The Sikh kingdom expanded from Tibet in the east to Kashmir in the west and from Sind in the south to the Khyber Pass in the north, an area of 200,000 square miles
3587:
10658:
9510:
13045:
3304:
refugees from Mashhad, escaping persecution back home in Qajar Persia, settled in the Sikh Empire around the year 1839. Most of the Jewish families settled in
4021:
7793:
7573:
8287:
2223:. However, this control was short-lived and the military of the empire was forced to retreat to Ladakh due to a counterattack by the Chinese and Tibetans.
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2380:
After Ranjit Singh's death in 1839, the empire was severely weakened by internal divisions and political mismanagement. This opportunity was used by the
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entrusted with powers to draw up title-deeds relating to transfers of immovable property. The old mohalladari system was reintroduced with each
6135:
5774:
1678:
got a favourable impression of Sikhism. As a result of his visit, he donated land to the langar and the Mughals did not have any conflict with
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1337:
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1786:. There he built a large fort to protect the city and garrisoned an army to protect it. The growing power of the Sikh community alarmed the
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84:
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We see such acquaintance clearly within the Sikh court of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, for example, the principal language of which was Persian.
2615:
the Sikh Empire in circa 1808 to spy under the guise of being a tourist headed towards Kashmir but was intercepted and brought to Lahore.
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1639:. Each of these component armies controlled different areas and cities. However, in the period from 1762 to 1799, Sikh commanders of the
133:
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7914:
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9514:
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1397:
6434:
2522:. When matters of the court were read-out, royal decrees made orally were transferred into writing for final approval. Tributes and
2036:
of the Kanhaiya Misl rose in the vacuum and destroyed the power of the Bhangis. She later gave her throne to Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
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13055:
12771:
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The religious demography of the empire is estimated to have been just over 10% to 12% Sikh, 80% Muslim, and just under 10% Hindu.
2440:
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12761:
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8141:. The New Cambridge History of India. Vol. II.3 (Revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 82–127.
5623:
1533:
4822:
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An estimated 90% of the Sikh population at the time, and more than half of the total population, was concentrated in the upper
1732:, took offence at Guru Hargobind's "sovereignty" and after a series of assaults on Amritsar forced the Sikhs to retreat to the
1567:, and the unification of the separate Sikh misls. Ranjit Singh rose to power in a very short period, from a leader of a single
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to finally becoming the Maharaja of Punjab. He began to modernise his army, using the latest training as well as weapons and
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and Suchet Singh served in the high-ranking administrative and military posts, respectively. Brahmins like finance minister
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and also in territory under the British East India Company's rule. Other vakil emissaries of the Sikh court were sent to
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Sikh warrior helmet with butted mail neckguard, 1820–1840, iron overlaid with gold with mail neckguard of iron and brass
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The Fakir brothers were trusted personal advisors and assistants as well as close friends to Ranjit Singh, particularly
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713:
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to Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Ranjit Singh is addressed as “Rendjit Sing Bahador – Padichah du Pendjab”. 27 October 1835
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The business of the ruling government was carried out in Lahore, specifically the Musamman Burj located within the
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A Personal Narrative of a Visit to Ghuzni, Kabul, and Afghanistan, and a Residence at the Court of Dost Mohammed
3129:, Sikh governors adopted policies that alienated the Muslim population such as the ban on cow slaughter and the
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Travels in Kashmir and the Panjab, containing a Particular Account of the Government and Character of the Sikhs
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in 1807. The basis for this annexation was that the local ruler of Jhang, Ahmad Khan Sial, was conspiring with
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The Sikh Empire allowed men from religions other than their own to rise to commanding positions of authority.
1895:
and Guru Gobind Singh. In 1716, his army was defeated by the Mughals after he attempted to defend his fort at
70:
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Kartar Singh Duggal (2001). Maharaja Ranjit Singh: The Last to Lay Arms. Abhinav Publications. pp. 125–126.
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in the west. This led to a growth of the army which split into different confederacies or semi-independent
1532:
from 1799 to 1849. Religiously diverse, with an estimated population of 4.5 million in 1831 (making it the
1412:
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1075:
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Christian missionaries had been active in the Punjab even prior to the dissolution of the empire in 1849.
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Murphy, Anne (29 November 2020). "13: The Territorialisation of Sikh Pasts". In Jacobsen, Knut A. (ed.).
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Two late 19th century drawings of Sikh troops in action against British forces during the Anglo-Sikh Wars
17:
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1716–1738: Turbulence, no real ruler; Mughals take back the control for two decades but Sikhs engage in
2627:
Maharaja Ranjit Singh holding court outside near the Golden Temple in Amritsar with everyone dressed in
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1559:, conducted the coronation. The formation of the empire was followed by the progressive expulsion of
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the victory parade along with the British after restoring Shah Shoja to the Afghan throne at Kabul.
2799:, Pakistan) was the westernmost limit of the Sikh Empire. The westward expansion was stopped in the
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Miniature painting from the photo album of princely families in the Sikh and Rajput territories by
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Puri, Harish K. (June–July 2003). "Scheduled Castes in Sikh Community: A Historical Perspective".
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on behalf of the Sikh empire to facilitate revenue collection. His frontier policy of holding the
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and travelled extensively to visit and preach in defiance of Aurangzeb, who attempted to install
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The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition
3014:
Generals were also drawn from a variety of communities, along with prominent Sikh generals like
1945:
party". In the late 18th century, after defeating several invasions by the Afghan rulers of the
1782:
assumed the guruship in 1675 and to avoid battles with Sivalik Hill rajas moved the guruship to
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12497:
12492:
12180:
12128:
12048:
11981:
11885:
11870:
11763:
11530:
11484:
11325:
11212:
10961:
10946:
10936:
10916:
10911:
10716:
10622:
10523:
10498:
10114:
9813:
9798:
9788:
9768:
9763:
9568:
9474:
9375:
9350:
8995:
8985:
8945:
8811:
7449:. The New Cambridge History of India. Vol. II.3. Cambridge University Press. p. 113.
5587:
4766:
The Sikh Zafar-namah of Guru Gobind Singh: A Discursive Blade in the Heart of the Mughal Empire
3524:
3067:
2526:
were also exchanged or bestowed within the court. Supplicants to the court were dismissed with
2423:. Eventually, a Lieutenant Governorship was formed in Lahore as a direct representative of the
2420:
2336:, they did not become part of the Sikh Empire. There was a mutual ban on warfare following the
2333:
1981:, the Sikh Misls became divided and fought each other. A sort of 'Cold War' broke out with the
1958:
1934:
1916:
1139:
7833:
7534:
7444:
12917:
12882:
12872:
12862:
12756:
12527:
12487:
12300:
12175:
11239:
11229:
11188:
11159:
11032:
10901:
10871:
10650:
10609:
10298:
10238:
10151:
9884:
9753:
9723:
9502:
9461:
8826:
8773:
8694:
8334:
7276:
7237:
7159:
7035:
6392:
5731:
State Formation and the Establishment of Non-Muslim Hegemony: Post-Mughal 19th-century Punjab
4845:
4080:
4065:
3688:
3059:
3043:
2412:
1978:
1481:
1367:
1352:
1342:
1231:
526:
472:
233:
12415:
8719:
8709:
6581:"Frontier: The Making of the Northern and Eastern Border in Ladakh From 1834 to the Present"
6350:
4700:
3731:
2575:). The reports were dispatched to the Lahore Darbar at regular intervals. Furtheremore, the
13035:
12968:
12938:
12887:
12822:
12620:
12450:
12420:
12295:
12226:
12197:
12116:
11450:
11288:
11278:
11037:
10931:
10736:
10589:
10576:
10533:
10339:
10228:
10186:
10171:
10109:
10079:
9889:
9783:
9588:
9441:
9428:
9385:
9191:
9148:
9126:
8975:
8905:
8816:
8743:
8473:
7647:
3682:
3631:
3607:
3039:
2939:
2755:
2392:
2385:
1806:
1702:
1551:. Ranjit Singh was proclaimed as Maharaja of the Punjab on 12 April 1801 (to coincide with
12400:
8714:
3487:
1733–1735: The Khalsa accepts, only to reject, the confederal status given by the Mughals.
2044:
1701:. When the Guru refused, Jahangir ordered him to be put to death by torture. Guru Arjan's
8:
12963:
12953:
12897:
12877:
12852:
12837:
12832:
12812:
12701:
12312:
12192:
12158:
12060:
11880:
11875:
11687:
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11342:
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9713:
9703:
9020:
9000:
8960:
8930:
8359:
4611:
3305:
3063:
2592:
2533:
Noble members of the court, including relatives of the royal family, resided in palatial
2190:. At the time of his death, the western boundary of the Sikh Empire was the Khyber Pass.
2110:
1838:
1462:
1172:
1092:
1081:
955:
943:
500:
278:
106:
12028:
12018:
4690:
4688:
4686:
2025:
also allied but did not engage in warfare with the others and continued the Dal Khalsa.
12985:
12980:
12958:
12425:
12405:
12388:
12339:
12204:
12013:
11964:
11897:
11815:
11756:
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9853:
9838:
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9498:
9469:
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9015:
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8853:
8831:
8821:
8798:
8763:
8666:
8458:
8453:
8363:
7896:
7888:
7713:
Violent belongings : partition, gender, and national culture in postcolonial India
7378:
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3639:
3581:
3531:
3491:
3313:
3122:
3027:
2977:
2770:
2381:
2163:
2131:
1837:. There he met a Bairāgī recluse, Madho Das, who converted to Sikhism, rechristened as
1795:
1548:
1477:
1028:
879:
7134:
Crusade and Jihad: The Thousand-year War Between the Muslim World and the Global North
12995:
12792:
12534:
12430:
12366:
12361:
12290:
12187:
11902:
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11825:
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9803:
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8970:
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8878:
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8836:
8788:
8704:
8676:
8646:
8616:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8270:
8256:
8236:
8222:
8208:
8194:
8180:
8166:
8142:
8104:
8084:
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8042:
8022:
8002:
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7936:
7900:
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7812:
7727:
7717:
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7606:
7506:
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7408:
7334:
7324:
7282:
7243:
7210:
7165:
7138:
7096:
7041:
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6940:
6748:
6668:
6637:
6547:
6440:
6398:
6356:
6226:
6178:
6151:
6106:
6066:
6027:
5996:
5968:
5936:
5857:
5764:
5734:
5694:
5656:
5591:
5564:
5502:
5337:
5286:
5166:
5123:
5063:
5026:
4987:
4948:
4942:
4909:
4851:
4812:
4806:
4770:
4728:
4683:
4606:
4512:
4071:
3883:
3614:
3552:
3482:
3309:
3075:
3055:
2893:
2706:
2644:
2584:
2238:
2232:
2049:
2006:
1814:
1810:
1791:
1779:
1752:
1628:
1547:
The formation of the empire began with the capture of Lahore from its Durrani ruler,
1362:
1357:
1289:
1237:
1087:
1017:
810:
223:
33:
8136:
7871:
Singh, Bawa Satinder (1971). "Raja Gulab Singh's Role in the First Anglo-Sikh War".
5876:"The Nurbakhshis of Baltistan: Crisis and Revival of a Five Centuries Old Community"
3259:
estimated the total population of the empire to be around 5.35 million during 1838.
12907:
12726:
12721:
12383:
12170:
12165:
12121:
12108:
12038:
12006:
12001:
11865:
11860:
11842:
11803:
11736:
11719:
11660:
11650:
11645:
11586:
11542:
11512:
11472:
11455:
11438:
11401:
11152:
11128:
10896:
10856:
10846:
10836:
10751:
10726:
10680:
10632:
10594:
10566:
10546:
10541:
10483:
10478:
10443:
10438:
10425:
10322:
10248:
10208:
10041:
9980:
9748:
9708:
9698:
9688:
9603:
9578:
9532:
9484:
9446:
9418:
9398:
9393:
9335:
9330:
9295:
9290:
9277:
9064:
9025:
8935:
8925:
8920:
8883:
8848:
8758:
8733:
8523:
8414:
8327:
7880:
6288:
5887:
5837:
4905:
4901:
4631:
4621:
4616:
4546:
3922:
3645:
3623:
3603:
3596:
3572:
3517:
3051:
3035:
3023:
3015:
2991:
social levels equally and in accordance with the doctrines of their faith, per the
2925:
2804:
2800:
2711:
2697:
2693:
2596:
2556:
2400:
2310:
2135:
2127:
2018:
2002:
1998:
1809:
attacked Anandpur. The Khalsa retreated but regrouped to defeat the Mughals at the
1764:
1724:
Jahangir attempted to assert authority over the Sikhs by jailing Guru Hargobind at
1671:
1564:
1382:
1178:
1063:
1057:
949:
774:
644:
360:
268:
202:
197:
7760:
A History of the Sikhs, from the Origin of the Nation to the Battles of the Sutlej
6222:
Aspects of India's International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World
6174:
Aspects of India's International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World
6062:
Aspects of India's International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World
6023:
Aspects of India's International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World
5285:. Vol. 2: E–L (3rd ed.). Patiala: Punjabi University. pp. 547–549.
12827:
12601:
12569:
12442:
12410:
12393:
12349:
12344:
12322:
12317:
12275:
12268:
12243:
12103:
12098:
11939:
11820:
11714:
11709:
11677:
11502:
11492:
11386:
11379:
11374:
11359:
11315:
11197:
11183:
11092:
11052:
10996:
10906:
10826:
10584:
10513:
10463:
10386:
10252:
10191:
9944:
9904:
9848:
9758:
9678:
9436:
9365:
9315:
9238:
8950:
8915:
8910:
8858:
8778:
8480:
8448:
8440:
8299:
7930:
7758:
7128:
6710:
6647:
6606:
5758:
5650:
5560:
5526:
5101:
5082:
5020:
4981:
4722:
4441:
3817:
3248:
3126:
3047:
2973:
2921:
2874:
2855:
2679:
The following modern-day political divisions made up the historical Sikh Empire:
2416:
2374:
2216:
2022:
1990:
1667:
1615:
The foundation of the Sikh Empire can be traced to as early as 1707, the year of
1149:
1133:
1104:
984:
293:
288:
263:
218:
208:
12023:
7016:
The Sacred City of the Hindus: An Account of Benares in Ancient and Modern Times
12943:
12922:
12857:
12544:
12539:
12502:
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12460:
12371:
12356:
12327:
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12133:
12093:
12088:
12043:
11969:
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11919:
11909:
11724:
11603:
11497:
11364:
11246:
11011:
10762:
10711:
10198:
10001:
9863:
9614:
9563:
9143:
9104:
9074:
8661:
8626:
8503:
8404:
7482:
Hans, Surjit (April 2006). "Why are we sentimental about Ranjit Singh ?".
6633:
History of the Sikhs: The Sikh Lion of Lahore, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, 1799-1839
5823:"Gulab Singh and the Creation of the Dogra State of Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh"
4727:. The New Cambridge History of India. Cambridge University Press. p. 112.
4598:
3083:
2739:
2717:
2445:
2322:
2266:
2258:
2014:
1994:
1946:
1818:
1756:
1706:
1690:
1632:
1592:
1560:
1541:
1537:
1372:
1225:
1166:
1154:
1144:
1125:
1069:
997:
926:
672:
630:
319:
283:
273:
248:
243:
213:
122:
7884:
6125:
2345:
Sikh-held region of Multan, eventually resulted in conflict with the British.
1957:, and hostile local Muslims siding with other Muslim forces. The Sikhs of the
1852:
Banda Singh Bahadur started his rebellion with the defeat of Mughal armies at
1842:
904:
13029:
12973:
12625:
12512:
12307:
12280:
12253:
12231:
12209:
11976:
11959:
11944:
11788:
11741:
11729:
11655:
11547:
11421:
11416:
11391:
11273:
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10788:
10706:
10131:
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9558:
9133:
8806:
8753:
8689:
8548:
8538:
8389:
7731:
7620:
7214:
5891:
4695:
4626:
4584:
3670:
3289:
3227:'s rule was estimated to be around 12 million people. There were 8.4 million
3106:
The Sikhs attempted not to offend the prejudices of Muslims, noted Baron von
2796:
2702:
2683:
2640:
2424:
2286:
2212:
2198:
2171:
2064:
2029:
2010:
1954:
1853:
1787:
1733:
1694:
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1620:
1211:
1199:
1022:
1009:
1003:
969:
238:
12053:
12033:
8543:
7338:
2659:
troops of the empire's military were paraded and inspected by the maharaja.
2361:
2273:
of 1803–1805, after which the Marathas lost control of the territory to the
12948:
12902:
12847:
12807:
12802:
12696:
12517:
12258:
12248:
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12143:
12138:
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11837:
11798:
11793:
11773:
11768:
11640:
11633:
11623:
11618:
11613:
11507:
11445:
11426:
11411:
11347:
10991:
10798:
10731:
10406:
10381:
10376:
10054:
10014:
9843:
9650:
9583:
9258:
9233:
9228:
9121:
8893:
8748:
8621:
8588:
8409:
8394:
8132:
6583:. SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 920.
4327:
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3031:
2820:
Map of the Multan Province of the Sikh Empire, Herbert B. Edwardes, 1848–49
2449:
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2250:
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2220:
2120:
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6621:
The Khyber Pass: A History of Empire and Invasion, (Docherty, pp. 185–187)
4650:
Buddhism was mostly confined to Ladakh. Christianity and Judaism includes
3577:
12 April 1801 (coronation) – 27 June 1839: reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
12221:
12070:
11783:
11692:
11682:
11608:
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2505:
2492:
2469:
2396:
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2290:
2187:
2186:. Nalwa was responsible for expanding the frontier of Sikh empire to the
2183:
2179:
2175:
2068:
1982:
1903:, where they were all tortured and executed after refusing to convert to
1748:
1710:
1655:
1555:), creating a unified political state. Sahib Singh Bedi, a descendant of
1505:
1501:
1270:
1097:
485:
298:
7222:
7198:
7075:
Narrative of Various Journeys in Balochistan, Afghanistan and the Panjab
7037:
Resurrecting Banaras: Urban Space, Architecture and Religious Boundaries
4710:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 892.
3618:
2170:
diamond for Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He served as governor of Kashmir and
12867:
12263:
12080:
11954:
11914:
11847:
10956:
10690:
10396:
10391:
10278:
10270:
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10084:
10064:
10024:
9808:
9542:
9248:
9243:
9099:
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8636:
8558:
8528:
8508:
8399:
8384:
8379:
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7382:
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4516:
4355:
4341:
4200:
4035:
4028:
3916:
3862:
3738:
3657:
3538:
2783:
2667:
2294:
2262:
2091:
1986:
1892:
1729:
1714:
1698:
1679:
1623:. With the Mughals significantly weakened, the Sikh army, known as the
1556:
1347:
1205:
839:
430:
253:
170:
7892:
6280:
5875:
3876:
3599:, the Sikh Empire's first significant victory over the Durrani Empire.
3547:
3263:
12153:
11924:
11808:
11778:
11559:
11433:
11224:
10886:
10881:
10401:
10146:
9738:
9733:
9253:
9094:
8563:
8062:
8058:
Federalism, Nationalism and Development: India and the Punjab Economy
6539:
6463:..into existence a kingdom of the Punjab of over 200,000 square miles
6421:…the Sikh state encompassed over 200,000 square miles (518,000 sq km)
6257:
Ranjit Singh: administration and British policy, (Prakash, pp. 31–33)
5690:
World and Its Peoples: Middle East, Western Asia, and Northern Africa
4179:
4086:
4007:
2745:
2687:
2588:
2246:
2167:
2033:
1961:
eventually formed their own independent Sikh administrative regions,
1880:
1744:
1616:
1572:
911:
442:
7161:
Modern Ladakh: Anthropological Perspectives on Continuity and Change
7064:, tr. Major T. B. Jervis. rpt, Delhi: Low Price Publications, p. 151
5841:
12677:
11554:
11337:
11295:
11234:
10243:
10074:
10069:
10059:
10031:
9109:
9079:
8684:
5410:
5094:
4699:
3284:
3008:
2992:
2981:
2948:
2902:
2776:
2636:
2318:
2306:
2298:
2241:
were a group of Sikh states in the Punjab region lying between the
2159:
1857:
1718:
1686:
1552:
1525:
1466:
921:
845:
827:
749:
367:
338:
332:
8513:
8041:, University of Wisconsin–Madison Center for South Asian Studies,
6701:
Marriage Among Muslims: Preference and Choice in Northern Pakistan
6292:
6269:
Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the last to lay arms, (Duggal, pp. 136–137)
6265:
6263:
5803:. Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. p. 130.
5145:
Catalogue of the Historical Maps of the Survey of India, 1700-1900
4986:. The New Cambridge History of India. Cambridge University Press.
3107:
2965:
Maharaja Ranjit Singh seeking the sanctuary of Guru Nanak, ca.1830
2803:, in which the Afghans managed to kill the prominent Sikh general
1969:. These Misls were united in large part by Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
11467:
11396:
11352:
11207:
8631:
8593:
8350:
8018:
Holy people of the world: a cross-cultural encyclopedia, Volume 3
7677:
6103:
History of Pepsu: Patiala and East Punjab States Union, 1948-1956
3666:
18 January 1841 – 15 September 1843: Reign of Maharaja Sher Singh
3471:
3293:
3228:
2935:
2912:
2733:
2725:
2453:
2282:
2151:
2143:
1884:
1865:
1861:
1760:
1651:
1529:
992:
938:
815:
346:
315:
13015:
13007:
12681:
12670:
11268:
2395:
in 1845 marked many turning points, the British encountered the
2138:
from 1825 to 1837. He is known for his role in the conquests of
1965:, derived from a Perso-Arabic term meaning 'similar', headed by
11300:
11175:
10756:
10233:
10166:
10161:
9608:
9089:
9069:
8656:
8598:
8578:
8518:
8498:
7278:
The Friday Mosque in the City: Liminality, Ritual, and Politics
6260:
4983:
The Sikhs of the Punjab, Chapter 6: The Sikh empire (1799–1849)
4724:
The Sikhs of the Punjab, Chapter 6: The Sikh empire (1799–1849)
4652:
4013:
3975:
3936:
3929:
3890:
3868:
3837:
3830:
3791:
3784:
3745:
3661:
3475:
3464:
3232:
3134:
3111:
2883:
2864:
2792:
2761:
2751:
2652:
2535:
2514:
2482:
2370:
2314:
2278:
2205:
2155:
2147:
2087:
2053:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1834:
1799:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1493:
1485:
1473:
1458:
453:
411:
258:
178:
157:
10331:
9183:
6992:; by Fakir Syed Waheeduddin, published by Punjabi University,
5760:
War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740–1849
3086:, Sahib Dyal, and others also served in financial capacities.
2495:
in the form of honourifics, however some members were granted
1536:), it was the last major region of the Indian subcontinent to
11934:
10156:
10019:
9138:
9114:
8165:, By Hari Ram Gupta. (Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. 1999,
7323:. Georg Sieberer. Delhi: Chanakya Publications. p. 100.
7320:
The Sikh struggle : origin, evolution, and present phase
5991:
Guo, Rongxing (2015). "Chapter 1: A Brief History of Tibet".
5546:
5544:
5367:
5365:
4751:
The continuance of Persian as the language of administration.
3982:
3267:
3236:
3130:
2996:
2826:
2721:
2497:
2254:
2139:
2106:
2076:
2072:
1904:
1900:
1768:
1659:
1497:
1295:
833:
744:
326:
228:
6914:
6912:
6899:
6897:
6895:
6893:
6880:
6878:
6876:
6874:
6872:
6775:
6773:
4887:
4885:
4883:
2460:
The empire's ruling court based out of Lahore is termed the
2094:, where it had been established in 1763 by his grandfather,
1492:. At its peak in the 19th century, the empire extended from
12674:
9054:
3565:
3542:
3506:
3275:
2648:
2063:
The main geographical footprint of the empire was from the
1927:
1888:
1846:
1822:
1513:
1489:
582:
11144:
8319:
5541:
5362:
5085:'s The Last Sunset: The Rise and Fall of the Lahore Durbar
3030:, his son, and his grandson; and Muslim generals included
2113:
of Multan and had signed a secret treaty with the latter.
9165:
8269:, By V. Nalwa. (Hari Singh Nalwa Foundation Trust. 2022,
6953:
6909:
6890:
6869:
6857:
6845:
6833:
6809:
6797:
6785:
6770:
6758:
6611:. National Book Foundation ; Lahore. 4 January 2024.
5468:
5466:
4880:
2508:. A public court was held from morning until noon in the
1802:, a collective army of baptised Sikhs, on 30 March 1699.
8235:, By Jean-Marie Lafont. (Oxford University Press. 2002,
6821:
6608:
Frontier Facets: Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province
6352:
Bayonet to Barrage Weaponry on the Victorian Battlefield
3592:
1 June 1813: Ranjit Singh is given the Kohinoor Diamond.
3038:, was a Nepalese Gurkha, and European generals included
2824:
The empire was divided into various provinces (known as
2714:, India, only the territories northwest of Sutlej river.
2411:
The Sikh empire was finally dissolved at the end of the
1899:. He was captured along with 700 of his men and sent to
7499:
The Last Sunset: The Rise and Fall of the Lahore Durbar
7396:
7394:
7392:
7239:
Hidden Caliphate: Sufi Saints Beyond the Oxus and Indus
7009:
6933:
The Last Sunset: The Rise and Fall of the Lahore Durbar
5756:
3253:
The Last Sunset: The Rise and Fall of the Lahore Durbar
7983:, Religions of the World, Chelsea House Publications,
7716:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. p. 129.
5463:
3312:. Most of these Jews would leave for India during the
3308:(specifically in the Babu Mohallah neighbourhood) and
3022:, and Fateh Singh Kalianwala; Hindu generals included
1693:, who had been arrested for supporting the rebellious
1563:
from Punjab by capitalizing off Afghan decline in the
8255:, By Bhagat Singh. (Sehgal Publishers Service. 1990,
8163:
Volume 2: Evolution of Sikh Confederacies (1708–1769)
3675:
15 September 1843 – 31 March 1849: Reign of Maharaja
3223:
The population of the Sikh empire during the time of
2786:, Ranjit Singh made no attempt to conquer Waziristan.
1670:, supported religious freedom and after visiting the
1643:
appeared to be coming into their own as independent.
1476:, to 1849, when it was defeated and conquered by the
8219:
The Sikh Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of Sikh Misls
7602:
Islam, race, and pluralism in the Pakistani diaspora
7389:
6126:
Lt. Gen. Kirpal Singh Randhawa, PVSM, AVSM (Retd.).
5333:
Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History
4574:
2736:, from 5 July 1819 to 15 March 1846, India/Pakistan
1949:
and their allies, remnants of the Mughals and their
1751:, for control of the Mughal Empire. The ninth Guru,
7400:
5523:"Sikh Period – National Fund for Cultural Heritage"
5437:
5147:. New Delhi: National Archives of India. p. 7.
3496:1761–1767: Recapture of Punjab region by Afghan in
2105:, a local Muslim-ruled chieftaincy, after invading
7976:
6975:. Berkeley: University of California Press, p. 145
3650:27 June 1839 – 5 November 1840: Reign of Maharaja
3078:, the prime minister, was a Dogra, whose brothers
2571:(news-writers) located in the empire's provinces (
1689:, saw the Sikhs as a political threat. He ordered
7566:"The lost Jewish history of Rawalpindi, Pakistan"
7362:
7360:
6661:Beattie, Hugh; Beattie, Hugh (16 December 2013).
6218:
6170:
6058:
6019:
5965:In the Wonderland of Asia, Gilgit & Baltistan
5525:. Heritage.gov.pk. 14 August 1947. Archived from
3018:, Fateh Singh Dullewalia, Nihal Singh Atariwala,
1587:, such as in contemporary British maps. The term
13027:
7438:
7436:
7377:(26). Economic and Political Weekly: 2693–2701.
6664:Imperial Frontier: Tribe and State in Waziristan
6540:Pandey, Hemant Kumar; Singh, Manish Raj (2017).
6320:"The Maharaja, the Spy & the Temple of Gold"
4107:Family tree of the Maharajas of the Sikh Empire
3502:1763–1774: Charat Singh Sukerchakia, Misldar of
1817:accepted an invitation by Aurangzeb's successor
7678:"Rawalpindi – Rawalpindi Development Authority"
6530:Britain and Tibet 1765–1947, (Marshall, p. 116)
5648:
5018:
2999:, as well as local authorities like judges and
2332:While these Sikh states had been set up by the
1627:, a rearrangement of the Khalsa inaugurated by
8233:Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Lord of the Five Rivers
8103:. Patiala, Punjab, India: Punjabi University.
7357:
6660:
5930:
2215:of 1841, the forces of the empire invaded the
1860:and the rebellion culminated in the defeat of
1798:. He moved on to Anandpur and established the
1619:'s death and the start of the downfall of the
13046:States and territories disestablished in 1849
12654:
11160:
10347:
9199:
8335:
7682:Rawalpindi Development Authority (rda.gop.pk)
7433:
7033:
5579:
4769:. Oxford University Press (US). p. 239.
1434:
12617:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy
7442:
7027:
6543:India's Major Military and Rescue Operations
6156:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5409:. Punjabi University Patiala. Archived from
5281:Hasrat, B. J. (2011). Singh, Harbans (ed.).
1953:, the Mughal-allied Hindu hill-rajas of the
29:Empire on the Indian subcontinent, 1799–1849
12767:Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee
12668:
8096:
8083:, Oxford University Press, US, p. 61,
7838:. Cambridge University Press. p. 107.
7535:"When Jews Found Refuge in the Sikh Empire"
7404:Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the Last to Lay Arms
7274:
7086:
6959:
6918:
6903:
6884:
6863:
6851:
6839:
6827:
6815:
6803:
6791:
6779:
6764:
6281:"Fieldwork in Punjab, Pakistan, March 2018"
5935:. Lonely Planet Publications. p. 302.
5163:Routledge Handbook of South Asian Religions
5143:Prasad, Sri Nandan, ed. (1975). "F.5/24.".
5122:. University of Chicago Press. p. 87.
4940:
4804:
2811:
2779:, Pakistan (taken in 1818, retaken in 1834)
2430:
1697:, to change the passage about Islam in the
13041:States and territories established in 1799
12777:Haryana Sikh Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee
12661:
12647:
11167:
11153:
10354:
10340:
9206:
9192:
8342:
8328:
8191:The Heritage of the Sikhs By Harbans Singh
7756:
7199:"The History of Muslims in Central Ladakh"
6636:. Munshiram Manoharlal. 1978. p. 80.
6390:
6278:
5820:
5501:. Institute of Sikh Studies. p. 415.
5076:
3622:The charge of the British 16th Lancers at
3530:1773: Ahmad Shah Durrani dies and his son
2980:during his unsuccessful attempt to retake
2219:, which was then under the control of the
1833:In August 1708, Guru Gobind Singh visited
1774:
1717:and the establishment of a fort to defend
1484:. It was forged on the foundations of the
1441:
1427:
10663:List of battles involving the Sikh Empire
9515:List of battles involving the Sikh Empire
7996:
7928:
7598:
5967:. Sang-e-Meel Publications. p. 127.
5933:Trekking in the Karakoram & Hindukush
5693:. Marshall Cavendish. 2007. p. 411.
5396:
5394:
5392:
5317:
5062:. Oxford University Press. p. viii.
2635:The Sikh court observed the festivals of
2261:to the west. These states fell under the
2201:, under the leadership of Zorawar Singh.
2032:was excommunicated from the confederacy.
550:520,000 km (200,000 sq mi)
12772:Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee
7242:. Harvard University Press. p. 45.
6723:"Encyclopædia Britannica – Ranjit Singh"
6318:Madra, Amandeep Singh (8 January 2012).
4714:
4694:
3617:
3546:
3323:
2960:
2815:
2666:
2622:
2550:
2439:
2360:
2352:
2115:
2043:
1790:, who attempted to attack the city, but
1646:
12762:Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee
12441:
8177:The Sikh Army (1799–1849) (Men-at-arms)
8078:
8014:
7533:Miller, Yvette Alt (3 September 2023).
7196:
6521:The Masters Revealed, (Johnson, p. 128)
6432:
6348:
6177:. Pearson Education. pp. 379–380.
5563:pp 70 Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007
5499:Sri Gur Panth Prakash: Episodes 1 to 81
5484:
5431:
5400:
5371:
4665:Alternatively spelt as 'Lahore Durbar'.
3534:launches several invasions into Punjab.
2555:A letter sent from the King of France,
2048:The expanding Sikh Empire in 1809. The
1821:to meet him. The meeting took place at
1631:, led expeditions against them and the
138:The Sikh Empire at its greatest extent
14:
13028:
8131:
7831:
7817:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
7532:
7528:
7526:
7524:
7522:
7137:. Yale University Press. p. 263.
6497:"Punjab Current Affairs Yearbook 2020"
6479:
6439:. Asia Publishing House. p. 251.
6436:British power in the Punjab, 1839–1858
6313:
6311:
6309:
6096:
6094:
5993:China's Regional Development and Tibet
5962:
5931:Mock, John; O'Neil, Kimberley (2002).
5801:The Kingdom of Ladakh, c. 950–1842 A.D
5798:
5750:
5389:
5329:
5280:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5160:
5156:
5154:
5142:
5117:
5000:from the original on 27 September 2023
4979:
4944:Ranjit Singh: A Secular Sikh Sovereign
4808:Ranjit Singh: A Secular Sikh Sovereign
4762:
4741:from the original on 27 September 2023
4720:
3525:Sikh capture of Delhi and the Red Fort
2071:in the west, to Kashmir in the north,
1845:and distributing the land to the poor
1828:
1583:The empire is also referred to as the
1534:19th most populous country at the time
1516:. It was divided into four provinces:
12642:
11148:
10335:
9187:
8323:
8054:
8034:
7974:
7956:
7870:
7709:
7576:from the original on 27 February 2023
7563:
7496:
7316:
7077:, 3 v. London: Richard Bentley (1) 37
6930:
6587:from the original on 18 December 2022
6475:
6473:
6471:
6397:. Yale University Press. p. 89.
6317:
6138:from the original on 24 February 2021
6100:
5986:
5984:
5958:
5956:
5926:
5924:
5873:
5869:
5867:
5816:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5794:
5792:
5763:. Taylor & Francis. p. 147.
5728:
5724:
5722:
5496:
5472:
5451:from the original on 25 December 2018
5383:
5305:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5194:
5192:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5182:
5057:
5025:. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 201.
4973:
4961:from the original on 26 December 2018
4891:
4843:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4367:
4365:
4353:
4351:
4339:
4325:
4323:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4230:
4212:
4199:
4177:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4119:
4117:
4115:
2162:. Nalwa led the Sikh army in freeing
1763:as new guru. Guru Tegh Bahadur aided
8205:Sikh Domination of the Mughal Empire
7999:A history of modern India, 1480–1950
7645:
7481:
7407:. Abhinav Publications. p. 55.
7366:
7235:
7157:
7127:
6681:from the original on 17 January 2024
6578:
6503:from the original on 17 January 2024
3509:, establishes himself in Gujranwala.
3282:In 1839, a major pogrom, called the
2226:
1910:
8288:Article on Coins of the Sikh Empire
8253:Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his Times
7852:from the original on 5 October 2023
7799:from the original on 14 August 2024
7767:from the original on 14 August 2024
7658:from the original on 14 August 2024
7545:from the original on 14 August 2024
7519:
7345:from the original on 14 August 2024
7295:from the original on 14 August 2024
7281:. Intellect Books. pp. 91–94.
7256:from the original on 17 August 2024
6988:, London: Whittaker and Co. p. 246
6560:from the original on 14 August 2024
6306:
6279:Chatterjee, Nandini (22 May 2018).
6239:from the original on 14 August 2024
6209:Sangat Singh, the Sikhs in History.
6191:from the original on 14 August 2024
6091:
6079:from the original on 14 August 2024
6040:from the original on 14 August 2024
5990:
5777:from the original on 14 August 2024
5707:from the original on 14 August 2024
5604:from the original on 14 August 2024
5350:from the original on 14 August 2024
5151:
5118:Oberoi, Harjot (15 December 1994).
4864:from the original on 14 August 2024
4783:from the original on 14 August 2024
3656:5 November 1840 – 18 January 1841:
3564:becomes Misldar of the Sukerchakia
3541:becomes Misldar of the Sukerchakia
3470:1710–1716: Banda Singh defeats the
3328:Nanakshahi coins of the Sikh Empire
2956:
2373:, Pakistan, adjacent to the iconic
2325:, among others. The Sikh Empire of
1921:
1871:He ruled the territory between the
24:
12752:All India Sikh Students Federation
8125:
8081:Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction
7935:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist.
7763:. London: J. Murray. p. 424.
7738:from the original on 6 August 2024
7627:from the original on 6 August 2024
7421:from the original on 6 August 2024
6468:
6411:from the original on 26 March 2023
6369:from the original on 26 March 2023
6225:. Pearson Education. p. 381.
6065:. Pearson Education. p. 379.
6026:. Pearson Education. p. 379.
5981:
5953:
5921:
5864:
5807:
5789:
5757:Roy, K.; Roy, L. D. H. K. (2011).
5719:
5624:"Sikhs' Relation with Hill States"
5179:
5106:Sāhib Siṅgh Bedī, Bābā (1756–1834)
5012:
3153:Religions in Khalsa Empire (1800s)
3034:and Mian Ghaus Khan; one general,
2546:
1972:
1457:was a regional power based in the
1398:List of Inventions and Discoveries
784:
25:
13087:
8281:
8249:, By L. M. Joshi and Fauja Singh
7915:Colonel James Skinner (1778–1841)
7757:Cunningham, Joseph Davey (1849).
7688:from the original on 6 March 2023
7646:Khan, Naveed Aman (12 May 2018).
7178:from the original on 5 April 2023
7109:from the original on 5 April 2023
6729:from the original on 7 April 2015
6494:
6453:from the original on 5 April 2023
6355:. Pen & Sword Books Limited.
5669:from the original on 28 June 2024
5039:from the original on 28 June 2024
4922:from the original on 16 June 2021
4825:from the original on 17 June 2008
4083:(14 May 1845 – 21 September 1845)
3694:
2277:. The Cis-Sutlej states included
1520:, which became the Sikh capital;
13014:
13006:
12737:Shiromani Akali Dal (Democratic)
12680:
12669:
10318:
10317:
10309:
10120:Sikhs in the British Indian Army
8097:Waheeduddin, Fakir Syed (1981).
7907:
7864:
7825:
7779:
7750:
7703:
7670:
7639:
7592:
7557:
7490:
7475:
7463:from the original on 16 May 2023
6105:. Konark Publishers. p. 8.
4591:
4577:
4529:
4503:
4484:
4020:
3967:
3921:
3875:
3822:
3776:
3730:
3050:. other notable generals of the
2728:, India and Pakistan (1808–1846)
2671:The Indian subcontinent in 1805.
1488:from a collection of autonomous
917:Spread of Jainism – Parshvanatha
721:
704:
679:
665:
651:
637:
623:
609:
132:
83:
69:
13071:Former monarchies of South Asia
13056:1849 disestablishments in India
12818:Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale
10361:
10310:
9213:
9161:Contemporary Sant Mat movements
8267:Ranjit Singh – monarch mystique
7310:
7268:
7229:
7190:
7151:
7121:
7080:
7067:
7054:
7003:
6978:
6965:
6924:
6741:
6715:
6693:
6654:
6624:
6615:
6599:
6572:
6533:
6524:
6515:
6488:
6426:
6384:
6342:
6272:
6251:
6212:
6203:
6164:
6119:
6052:
6013:
5681:
5642:
5616:
5573:
5515:
5490:
5478:
5425:
5403:"Gobind Singh Guru (1666–1708)"
5377:
5323:
5311:
5299:
5136:
5111:
5088:
5051:
4850:. Amberley Publishing Limited.
4805:K.S. Duggal (1 February 2009).
4659:
3520:, imposes taxes on the Mughals.
1879:, established a capital in the
700:Punjab Province (British India)
13076:Former countries in South Asia
12717:Shiromani Akali Dal (Longowal)
12712:Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)
10214:Sikhism and sexual orientation
8035:Johar, Surinder Singh (1975),
6394:Heroic Failure and the British
6391:Barczewski, Stephanie (2016).
5963:Baloch, Sikandar Khan (2004).
5821:Huttenback, Robert A. (1961).
4934:
4906:10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe314
4837:
4798:
4756:
4644:
4099:
3490:1748–1757: Afghan invasion of
1755:, moved the Sikh community to
1578:
1393:Science and Technology History
13:
1:
13066:Empires and kingdoms of India
12747:Shiromani Akali Dal (Sanyukt)
12732:Shiromani Akali Dal (Panthic)
7370:Economic and Political Weekly
7275:Chida-Razvi, Mehreen (2020).
6546:. Horizon Books. p. 57.
4672:
4492:
3551:Contemporary painting of the
3143:
2758:, Pakistan, from 1842 to 1846
2435:
2166:from Kashmir and secured the
1794:'s forces routed them at the
1654:began during the conquest of
1610:
1465:. It existed from 1799, when
139:
127:"Victory to Charity and Arms"
13051:1799 establishments in India
8310:Sikh Kingdom of Ranjit Singh
8015:Jestice, Phyllis G. (2004),
7564:Tahir, Saif (3 March 2016).
7484:The Panjab, Past and Present
7401:Kartar Singh Duggal (2001).
7087:Chitralekha, Zutshi (2019).
7019:. Trübner & co. p.
5830:The Journal of Asian Studies
5095:The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism
4677:
4077:Hira Singh Dogra (1843–1845)
4047:5 years, 195 days
3994:5 years, 195 days
3948:2 years, 240 days
3757:38 years, 76 days
2844:Estimated population (1838)
2662:
2599:on complimentary missions.
922:Spread of Jainism – Mahavira
512:• Capture of Lahore by
7:
11174:
8349:
7317:Kumar, Ram Narayan (1991).
7095:. Oxford University Press.
5733:. Sage Publications India.
5628:www.thesikhencyclopedia.com
5447:. Encyclopædia Britannica.
5283:The Encyclopedia of Sikhism
4570:
4095:(31 January – 9 March 1846)
3457:
3118:, or 'summons to prayer'."
2618:
2257:district to the south, and
1323:Dynasties in Indian History
10:
13092:
10722:British East India Company
9574:British East India Company
7997:Markovits, Claude (2004),
7975:Kalsi, Sewa Singh (2005),
7961:, Osprey Publishing (UK),
7922:
7060:Hügel, Baron (1845) 2000.
6973:Sacred Cows, Sacred Places
6579:Deng, Jonathan M. (2010).
6219:Jayanta Kumar Ray (2007).
6171:Jayanta Kumar Ray (2007).
6059:Jayanta Kumar Ray (2007).
6020:Jayanta Kumar Ray (2007).
5553:The History of Afghanistan
5336:. ABC-CLIO. p. 1163.
5330:Melton, J. Gordon (2014).
5165:. Routledge. p. 212.
4898:The Encyclopedia of Empire
4511:Ranjit Singh listening to
4477:
4059:
3849:1 year, 29 days
3580:March 1809 – August 1809:
3332:
3319:
2448:(royal court) of Maharaja
2382:British East India Company
2348:
2275:British East India Company
2230:
1925:
1914:
1767:in avoiding conversion to
1605:
1504:in the south and from the
1478:British East India Company
1318:Timeline of Indian History
31:
13004:
12931:
12785:
12742:Shiromani Akali Dal Delhi
12689:
12610:
12562:
12079:
11483:
11182:
11134:Treaty of Amritsar (1846)
11114:Treaty of Amritsar (1809)
11106:
11080:
11063:Johann Martin Honigberger
11020:
10922:Chattar Singh Attariwalla
10814:
10807:
10771:
10699:
10673:
10641:
10608:
10575:
10532:
10424:
10415:
10369:
10307:
10269:
10040:
10000:
9986:Treaty of Amritsar (1846)
9966:Treaty of Amritsar (1809)
9958:
9932:
9915:Johann Martin Honigberger
9872:
9774:Chattar Singh Attariwalla
9666:
9659:
9623:
9551:
9525:
9493:
9460:
9427:
9384:
9276:
9267:
9221:
9176:
9053:
8797:
8675:
8607:
8489:
8439:
8370:
8357:
8173:, 383 pages, illustrated)
8079:Nesbitt, Eleanor (2005),
7929:Chaurasia, R. S. (2004).
7885:10.1017/s0026749x00002845
7599:Considine, Craig (2017).
7497:Singh, Amarinder (2010).
7197:Dollfus, Pascale (1995).
6931:Singh, Amarinder (2010).
6349:Manning, Stephen (2020).
6101:Singh, Gursharan (1991).
5058:Singh, Khushwant (2004).
4763:Fenech, Louis E. (2013).
4558:
4551:
4543:
4397:
4395:
4337:
4293:
4291:
4275:
4273:
4265:
4263:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4210:
4204:
4197:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4135:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4125:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3345:
3300:had occurred. A group of
3214:
3206:
3201:
3193:
3188:
3180:
3175:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3028:Dewan Mokham Chand Nayyar
3020:Chattar Singh Attariwalla
2742:, India from 1819 to 1846
2468:. Faqir Saifuddin of the
2195:Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh
2101:Ranjit Singh annexed the
2052:are visible south of the
2039:
1682:until his death in 1605.
874:Indus Valley Civilization
737:
588:
577:
573:
563:
559:
554:
546:
541:
537:
523:
510:
506:
496:
492:
479:
466:
462:
452:
448:
436:
424:
420:
410:
406:
393:
380:
376:
366:
356:
307:
190:
163:
153:
131:
115:
99:
65:
59:
43:
12843:Harcharan Singh Longowal
11124:Treaty of Chushul (1842)
11119:Tripartite Treaty (1838)
9976:Treaty of Chushul (1842)
9971:Tripartite Treaty (1838)
8001:, London: Anthem Press,
7648:"Pakistani Jews and PTI"
5892:10.1163/1570060952597761
5799:Petech, Luciano (1977).
5655:. Munshiram Manoharlal.
5649:Gupta, Hari Ram (1991).
5407:Encyclopaedia of Sikhism
5019:Gupta, Hari Ram (1991).
4892:Singh, Pashaura (2016).
4847:The First Anglo-Sikh War
4637:
3818:Maharaja Nau Nihal Singh
3669:May 1841 – August 1842:
3606:, the 2nd battle in the
3338:Revenue in Rupees, 1844
2847:Major population centre
2812:Administrative divisions
2472:prefers to use the term
2431:Administration and state
2271:Second Anglo-Maratha War
1031:, c. 228 BCE – c. 224 CE
905:Rise of Śramaṇa movement
880:Post Indus Valley Period
824:, c. 7600 – c. 1000 BCE
32:Not to be confused with
12991:Operation Black Thunder
12707:Haryana State Akali Dal
11129:Treaty of Lahore (1846)
11007:Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana
9981:Treaty of Lahore (1846)
9859:Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana
8784:Samadhi of Ranjit Singh
8179:, By Ian Heath. (2005,
8138:The Sikhs of the Punjab
7959:The Sikh Army 1799–1849
7932:History of the Marathas
7835:The Sikhs of the Punjab
7570:blogs.timesofisrael.com
7446:The Sikhs of the Punjab
7073:Masson, Charles. 1842.
7011:Matthew Atmore Sherring
6433:Khilani, N. M. (1972).
6132:www.sikh-heritage.co.uk
5886:(2). Hamburg: 159–188.
5874:Rieck, Andreas (1995).
5497:Singh, Kulwant (2006).
4844:Singh, Amarpal (2010).
4707:Encyclopædia Britannica
4656:soldiers and officials.
4521:Golden Temple, Amritsar
4515:being recited near the
3571:1799, formation of the
3498:Third Battle of Panipat
3463:1699: Formation of the
3098:Kashi Vishwanath Temple
2367:Samadhi of Ranjit Singh
1775:Formation of the Khalsa
1713:in the creation of the
1705:led to the sixth Guru,
1066:, c. 606 CE – c. 647 CE
890:, c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE
884:, c. 1700 – c. 1500 BCE
876:, c. 3300 – c. 1700 BCE
205:(court, administration)
12949:Punjab State Agitation
12893:Prem Singh Chandumajra
12798:Sardul Singh Caveeshar
10962:Ajit Singh Sandhawalia
10947:Mangal Singh Ramgarhia
10937:Ranjodh Singh Majithia
10917:Sher Singh Attariwalla
10912:Sham Singh Attariwalla
10808:Officials and warriors
10717:Emirate of Afghanistan
10623:Battle of Chillianwala
9814:Ajit Singh Sandhawalia
9799:Mangal Singh Ramgarhia
9789:Ranjodh Singh Majithia
9769:Sher Singh Attariwalla
9764:Sham Singh Attariwalla
9660:Officials and warriors
9569:Emirate of Afghanistan
9475:Battle of Chillianwala
8700:Darbar Sahib Kartarpur
8449:Beliefs and principles
8055:Singh, Pritam (2008),
7710:Daiya, Kavita (2008).
7034:Madhuri Desai (2007).
6482:The Coins of the Sikhs
5588:Crown Publishing Group
5580:Patwant Singh (2007).
4980:Grewal, J. S. (1990).
4947:. Exoticindiaart.com.
4811:. Exoticindiaart.com.
4721:Grewal, J. S. (1990).
3634:
3588:Siege of Multan (1810)
3556:
3329:
3257:The Coins of the Sikhs
3068:Zorawar Singh Kahluria
2966:
2830:), them namely being:
2821:
2672:
2632:
2560:
2457:
2415:in 1849 into separate
2377:
2358:
2269:after 1785 before the
2182:was later used by the
2124:
2056:
1917:Dal Khalsa (Sikh Army)
1512:in the east as far as
1388:Paper Currency History
1246:, c. 1799 – c. 1849 CE
1240:, c. 1760 – c. 1799 CE
1234:, c. 1757 – c. 1858 CE
1228:, c. 1674 – c. 1818 CE
1220:, c. 1576 – c. 1757 CE
896:, c. 1200 – c. 500 BCE
852:South Indian Neolithic
789:
12918:Rajinder Kaur Bhattal
12883:Gurcharan Singh Tohra
12873:Sundar Singh Majithia
12863:Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa
12757:Rashtriya Sikh Sangat
12587:Medieval great powers
11043:François Henri Mouton
11033:Jean-Baptiste Ventura
10872:Khushal Singh Jamadar
10659:Panchayati Revolution
10655:Hill States–Sikh Wars
10610:Second Anglo-Sikh War
10152:Fariduddin Ganjshakar
9895:François Henri Mouton
9885:Jean-Baptiste Ventura
9724:Khushal Singh Jamadar
9511:Panchayati Revolution
9507:Hill States–Sikh Wars
9462:Second Anglo-Sikh War
8774:Qila Mubarak, Patiala
8305:Confederacy of Punjab
8298:1 August 2018 at the
8221:. (2001, revised ed.
8100:The Real Ranjit Singh
7832:Grewal, J.S. (1990).
7605:. Milton: Routledge.
7443:J. S. Grewal (1998).
7236:Ziad, Waleed (2021).
7164:. Brill. p. 48.
6990:The Real Ranjit Singh
6971:Lodrick, D. O. 1981.
6480:Herrli, Hans (1993).
5729:Singh, Rishi (2014).
5445:"Banda Singh Bahadur"
4941:K.S. Duggal (2015) .
4081:Jawahar Singh (wazir)
4066:Khushal Singh Jamadar
4050:Wife of Ranjit Singh
3963:Maharaja Duleep Singh
3905:Wife of Kharak Singh
3772:Maharaja Kharak Singh
3760:The first Sikh ruler
3726:Maharaja Ranjit Singh
3689:Second Anglo-Sikh War
3621:
3602:March – 2 June 1818:
3550:
3467:by Guru Gobind Singh.
3327:
3060:Sham Singh Attariwala
3044:Jean-Baptiste Ventura
2964:
2819:
2670:
2626:
2554:
2443:
2413:Second Anglo-Sikh War
2364:
2356:
2123:holding court in 1838
2119:
2086:moved the capital to
2047:
1979:Jassa Singh Ramgarhia
1849:who farmed the land.
1662:, the founder of the
1647:Mughal rule of Punjab
1482:Second Anglo-Sikh War
1363:Philosophical History
1343:Architectural History
1277:Independence Movement
1113:, c. 973 – c. 1187 CE
1107:, c. 848 – c. 1251 CE
1084:, c. 760 – c. 973 CE
788:
527:Second Anglo-Sikh War
473:Khushal Singh Jamadar
12969:1984 anti-Sikh riots
12939:Singh Sabha movement
12888:Simranjit Singh Mann
12823:Surjit Singh Barnala
12597:European colonialism
12582:Ancient great powers
11081:Influential families
11038:Claude Auguste Court
11028:Jean-François Allard
10942:Surat Singh Majithia
10932:Lehna Singh Majithia
10737:Hill States Alliance
10590:Battle of Ferozeshah
10577:First Anglo-Sikh War
9933:Influential families
9890:Claude Auguste Court
9880:Jean-François Allard
9794:Surat Singh Majithia
9784:Lehna Singh Majithia
9589:Hill States Alliance
9442:Battle of Ferozeshah
9429:First Anglo-Sikh War
9149:Akhand Kirtani Jatha
9127:Piara Singh Bhaniara
9006:United Arab Emirates
8744:Hazuri Bagh Baradari
8474:Cannabis and Sikhism
7873:Modern Asian Studies
7486:. XXXVII–Part 1: 47.
6984:Vigne, G. T., 1840.
6709:5 April 2023 at the
6703:, (Brill, 1997), 41.
5652:History of the Sikhs
5559:3 April 2023 at the
5529:on 14 September 2010
5060:History of the Sikhs
5022:History of the Sikhs
4701:"Ranjit Singh"
3997:Son of Ranjit Singh
3951:Son of Ranjit Singh
3852:Son of Kharak Singh
3806:Son of Ranjit Singh
3683:First Anglo-Sikh War
3632:First Anglo-Sikh War
3114:, and to repeat the
3040:Jean-Francois Allard
2393:Battle of Ferozeshah
2386:First Anglo-Sikh War
1500:in the north to the
1413:Wars involving India
1286:, 1947 CE – present
1111:2nd Chalukya Dynasty
1072:, c. 724 – c. 760 CE
1037:, c. 240 – c. 550 CE
946:1700 – 682 BCE
882:(Cemetery H Culture)
91:Seal of Ranjit Singh
12964:Operation Blue Star
12954:Anandpur Resolution
12898:Partap Singh Kairon
12878:Gian Singh Rarewala
12853:Lachhman Singh Gill
12838:Parkash Singh Badal
12833:Sukhbir Singh Badal
12813:Jagjit Singh Chohan
12702:Shiromani Akali Dal
12592:Modern great powers
10927:Amar Singh Majithia
10862:Mahan Singh Mirpuri
10653:, Katoch–Sikh War,
10224:Idolatry in Sikhism
10142:Nanakshahi calendar
10137:Sikh Light Infantry
9779:Amar Singh Majithia
9714:Mahan Singh Mirpuri
9505:, Katoch–Sikh War,
7957:Heath, Ian (2005),
7158:Bray, John (2008).
5909:– via JSTOR.
5880:Die Welt des Islams
5550:Meredith L. Runion
4612:History of Pakistan
3935:15 September 1843 (
3917:Maharaja Sher Singh
3863:Maharani Chand Kaur
3339:
3064:Mahan Singh Mirpuri
2834:
2748:, from 1840 onwards
2111:Nawab Muzaffar Khan
1977:After the reign of
1839:Banda Singh Bahadur
1829:Banda Singh Bahadur
1508:in the west to the
1463:Indian subcontinent
1368:History of Religion
1333:Demographic History
1298:, 1950 CE – present
1265:The Great Rebellion
1208:, 1538/40 – 1556 CE
1082:Tripartite Struggle
1025:, c. 30 – c. 375 CE
956:Shaishunaga Dynasty
944:Brihadratha Dynasty
501:Early modern period
119: ਦੇਗ ਤੇਗ ਫ਼ਤਿਹ
12986:Operation Woodrose
12981:Khalistan movement
12959:Dharam Yudh Morcha
11088:Sandhawalia family
11002:Sultan Mahmud Khan
10987:Jarnail Ghaus Khan
10972:Sangat Singh Saini
10867:Dewan Mokham Chand
10742:Kingdom of Mankera
10618:Battle of Ramnagar
10562:Battle of Peshawar
10557:Battle of Nowshera
10434:Battle of Bhangani
10125:11th Sikh Regiment
9940:Sandhawalia family
9854:Sultan Mahmud Khan
9839:Jarnail Ghaus Khan
9824:Sangat Singh Saini
9719:Dewan Mokham Chand
9594:Kingdom of Mankera
9470:Battle of Ramnagar
9414:Battle of Peshawar
9409:Battle of Nowshera
9286:Battle of Bhangani
8764:Nanak Shahi bricks
8667:Tav-Prasad Savaiye
8459:Sikh Rehat Maryada
8454:Guru Maneyo Granth
8065:, pp. 25–26,
6650:on 14 August 2024.
6330:on 30 January 2012
6324:Golden Temple 1588
5630:. 19 December 2000
5434:, pp. 312–313
5386:, pp. 192–210
5374:, pp. 345–346
5308:, pp. 106–107
5100:8 May 2014 at the
4562:East India Company
4041:15 September 1843
4008:Maharani Jind Kaur
3988:15 September 1843
3974:6 September 1838 (
3945:15 September 1843
3829:11 February 1820 (
3783:22 February 1801 (
3737:13 November 1780 (
3640:Battle of Nowshera
3635:
3586:20 February 1810:
3557:
3492:Ahmad Shah Durrani
3349:Revenue in Rupees
3337:
3330:
3123:Chitralekha Zutshi
3056:Veer Singh Dhillon
2978:Dost Muhammad Khan
2967:
2833:
2822:
2771:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2673:
2633:
2583:emissaries in the
2561:
2470:Fakir Khana Museum
2458:
2421:province of Punjab
2378:
2359:
2338:treaty of Amritsar
2245:to the north, the
2204:The domain of the
2174:and established a
2132:Commander-in-Chief
2125:
2075:in the south, and
2057:
1796:Battle of Bhangani
1788:Sivalik Hill rajas
1549:Zaman Shah Durrani
1338:Linguistic History
1093:Rastrakuta Dynasty
1029:Satavahana Dynasty
993:Kingdom of Magadha
972:, c. 600 – 345 BCE
939:Kingdom of Magadha
912:Later Vedic Period
900:Early Vedic period
888:Vedic civilization
790:
714:Jammu and Kashmir
111:"With God's Grace"
13023:
13022:
12996:Punjab insurgency
12793:Master Tara Singh
12636:
12635:
12558:
12557:
12523:Polish–Lithuanian
11698:Gurjara-Pratihara
11142:
11141:
11076:
11075:
11048:Alexander Gardner
10967:Kahan Singh Nakai
10952:Akali Phula Singh
10832:Diwan Bhawani Das
10669:
10668:
10600:Battle of Sobraon
10552:Battle of Shopian
10329:
10328:
10010:Bandi Chhor Divas
9994:
9993:
9928:
9927:
9900:Alexander Gardner
9819:Kahan Singh Nakai
9804:Akali Phula Singh
9684:Diwan Bhawani Das
9521:
9520:
9452:Battle of Sobraon
9404:Battle of Shopian
8889:Jammu and Kashmir
8789:Well of Dina Nath
8617:Guru Granth Sahib
8430:Guru Granth Sahib
8425:Guru Gobind Singh
8420:Guru Tegh Bahadur
8275:978-81-910526-1-9
8247:History of Panjab
8207:. (2000, 2nd ed.
8090:978-0-19-280601-7
8072:978-0-415-45666-1
8038:Guru Tegh Bahadur
8028:978-1-57607-355-1
8008:978-1-84331-152-2
7990:978-0-7910-8098-6
7723:978-1-59213-745-9
7612:978-1-315-46276-9
7512:978-81-7436-779-2
7288:978-1-78938-304-1
7249:978-0-674-24881-6
7203:The Tibet Journal
7129:Polk, William Roe
7089:"Kashmir as Mulk"
7047:978-0-549-52839-5
6946:978-81-7436-779-2
6753:978-81-7017-410-3
6699:Hastings Donnan,
6674:978-1-136-83957-3
6643:978-81-215-0515-4
4857:978-1-4456-2038-1
4607:History of Punjab
4568:
4567:
4559:Succeeded by
4513:Guru Granth Sahib
4475:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4449:
4363:
4349:
4335:
4321:
4222:
4193:
4072:Dhian Singh Dogra
4057:
4056:
3981:22 October 1893 (
3928:4 December 1807 (
3884:Fatehgarh Churian
3836:6 November 1840 (
3790:5 November 1840 (
3630:1846, during the
3615:Battle of Shopian
3553:Battle of Sobraon
3483:guerrilla warfare
3446:
3445:
3371:Tributary States
3314:partition of 1947
3255:. Hans Herrli in
3219:
3218:
2954:
2953:
2764:, India 1834–1846
2707:Cis-Sutlej states
2585:Cis-Sutlej States
2249:to the east, the
2239:Cis-Sutlej states
2233:Cis-Sutlej states
2227:Cis-Sutlej states
2050:Cis-Sutlej states
1911:Dal Khalsa period
1843:Zamindar families
1825:on 23 July 1707.
1815:Guru Gobind Singh
1811:Battle of Muktsar
1792:Guru Gobind Singh
1780:Guru Gobind Singh
1753:Guru Tegh Bahadur
1709:, declaring Sikh
1629:Guru Gobind Singh
1451:
1450:
1378:Education History
1296:Republic of India
1290:Dominion of India
1284:Independent India
1273:, 1858 – 1947 CE
1238:Kingdom of Mysore
1214:, 1556 – 1857 CE
1136:, 1206 – 1526 CE
1088:Pratihara dynasty
811:Madrasian culture
758:
757:
733:
732:
729:
728:
692:
691:
468:• 1799–1818
438:• 1843–1846
426:• 1840–1841
395:• 1843–1849
382:• 1801–1839
34:Kingdom of Sikkim
16:(Redirected from
13083:
13018:
13010:
12908:Giani Zail Singh
12727:United Akali Dal
12722:Akali Dal (1920)
12684:
12673:
12663:
12656:
12649:
12640:
12639:
12439:
12438:
12104:Austro-Hungarian
11804:Chagatai Khanate
11169:
11162:
11155:
11146:
11145:
10897:Balbhadra Kunwar
10857:Hari Singh Nalwa
10847:Misr Diwan Chand
10837:Diwan Buta Singh
10812:
10811:
10752:Barakzai dynasty
10727:Kingdom of Nepal
10681:Sikh Khalsa Army
10633:Battle of Gujrat
10595:Battle of Aliwal
10567:Battle of Jamrud
10547:Battle of Multan
10542:Battle of Attock
10534:Afghan–Sikh wars
10426:Mughal-Sikh Wars
10422:
10421:
10356:
10349:
10342:
10333:
10332:
10321:
10320:
10313:
10312:
10249:Punjabi language
10209:Women in Sikhism
9749:Balbhadra Kunwar
9709:Hari Singh Nalwa
9699:Misr Diwan Chand
9689:Diwan Buta Singh
9664:
9663:
9604:Barakzai dynasty
9579:Kingdom of Nepal
9533:Sikh Khalsa Army
9485:Battle of Gujrat
9447:Battle of Aliwal
9419:Battle of Jamrud
9399:Battle of Multan
9394:Battle of Attock
9386:Afghan–Sikh wars
9278:Mughal-Sikh Wars
9274:
9273:
9208:
9201:
9194:
9185:
9184:
9065:Sects of Sikhism
9031:Northern Ireland
8759:Moti Bagh Palace
8734:Bahadurgarh Fort
8432:(Sikh holy book)
8415:Guru Har Krishan
8344:
8337:
8330:
8321:
8320:
8315:Battle of Jamrud
8293:Sikh Confederacy
8159:
8157:
8155:
8121:
8119:
8117:
8093:
8075:
8051:
8031:
8011:
7993:
7982:
7971:
7953:
7951:
7949:
7917:
7911:
7905:
7904:
7868:
7862:
7861:
7859:
7857:
7829:
7823:
7822:
7816:
7808:
7806:
7804:
7798:
7791:
7783:
7777:
7776:
7774:
7772:
7754:
7748:
7747:
7745:
7743:
7707:
7701:
7700:
7695:
7693:
7674:
7668:
7667:
7665:
7663:
7643:
7637:
7636:
7634:
7632:
7596:
7590:
7589:
7583:
7581:
7561:
7555:
7554:
7552:
7550:
7530:
7517:
7516:
7494:
7488:
7487:
7479:
7473:
7472:
7470:
7468:
7440:
7431:
7430:
7428:
7426:
7398:
7387:
7386:
7364:
7355:
7354:
7352:
7350:
7314:
7308:
7307:
7302:
7300:
7272:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7233:
7227:
7226:
7194:
7188:
7187:
7185:
7183:
7155:
7149:
7148:
7125:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7114:
7084:
7078:
7071:
7065:
7058:
7052:
7051:
7031:
7025:
7024:
7007:
7001:
6982:
6976:
6969:
6963:
6960:Waheeduddin 1981
6957:
6951:
6950:
6928:
6922:
6919:Waheeduddin 1981
6916:
6907:
6904:Waheeduddin 1981
6901:
6888:
6885:Waheeduddin 1981
6882:
6867:
6864:Waheeduddin 1981
6861:
6855:
6852:Waheeduddin 1981
6849:
6843:
6840:Waheeduddin 1981
6837:
6831:
6828:Waheeduddin 1981
6825:
6819:
6816:Waheeduddin 1981
6813:
6807:
6804:Waheeduddin 1981
6801:
6795:
6792:Waheeduddin 1981
6789:
6783:
6780:Waheeduddin 1981
6777:
6768:
6765:Waheeduddin 1981
6762:
6756:
6745:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6734:
6719:
6713:
6697:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6686:
6658:
6652:
6651:
6646:. Archived from
6628:
6622:
6619:
6613:
6612:
6603:
6597:
6596:
6594:
6592:
6576:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6537:
6531:
6528:
6522:
6519:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6508:
6492:
6486:
6485:
6477:
6466:
6465:
6460:
6458:
6430:
6424:
6423:
6418:
6416:
6388:
6382:
6381:
6376:
6374:
6346:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6326:. Archived from
6315:
6304:
6303:
6301:
6299:
6276:
6270:
6267:
6258:
6255:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6244:
6216:
6210:
6207:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6196:
6168:
6162:
6161:
6155:
6147:
6145:
6143:
6123:
6117:
6116:
6098:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6084:
6056:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6045:
6017:
6011:
6010:
5988:
5979:
5978:
5960:
5951:
5950:
5928:
5919:
5918:
5908:
5906:
5871:
5862:
5861:
5827:
5818:
5805:
5804:
5796:
5787:
5786:
5784:
5782:
5754:
5748:
5747:
5726:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5712:
5685:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5646:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5620:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5577:
5571:
5548:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5519:
5513:
5512:
5494:
5488:
5482:
5476:
5475:, pp. 25–26
5470:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5441:
5435:
5429:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5398:
5387:
5381:
5375:
5369:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5327:
5321:
5315:
5309:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5278:
5177:
5176:
5158:
5149:
5148:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5115:
5109:
5092:
5086:
5080:
5074:
5073:
5055:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5044:
5016:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5005:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4900:. pp. 1–6.
4889:
4878:
4877:
4871:
4869:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4802:
4796:
4795:
4790:
4788:
4760:
4754:
4753:
4748:
4746:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4703:
4692:
4666:
4663:
4657:
4648:
4632:Sikh Khalsa Army
4622:Kapurthala State
4617:History of India
4601:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4587:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4547:Sukerchakia Misl
4544:Preceded by
4541:
4540:
4533:
4523:, Punjab, India.
4507:
4497:
4494:
4488:
4447:
4361:
4347:
4333:
4319:
4220:
4185:
4113:
4112:
4104:
4103:
4024:
4017:
3971:
3942:18 January 1841
3925:
3899:18 January 1841
3896:6 November 1840
3879:
3872:
3846:6 November 1840
3826:
3780:
3734:
3711:Birth and death
3699:
3698:
3646:Battle of Jamrud
3629:
3608:Afghan–Sikh wars
3604:Battle of Multan
3597:Battle of Attock
3573:Sikh Khalsa Army
3527:from the Mughals
3518:Singh Krora Misl
3512:1764–1783: Baba
3340:
3336:
3288:, targeting the
3150:
3149:
3127:William Roe Polk
3070:, among others.
3052:Sikh Khalsa Army
3036:Balbhadra Kunwar
3024:Misr Diwan Chand
3016:Hari Singh Nalwa
2957:Religious policy
2926:Dera Ismail Khan
2835:
2832:
2805:Hari Singh Nalwa
2801:Battle of Jamrud
2756:Gilgit–Baltistan
2712:Himachal Pradesh
2705:, excluding the
2698:Bahawalpur State
2694:Punjab, Pakistan
2419:and the British
2401:James Hope Grant
2311:Kapurthala State
2136:Sikh Khalsa Army
2128:Hari Singh Nalwa
1922:Sikh Confederacy
1891:in the names of
1765:Kashmiri Pandits
1666:. His grandson,
1565:Afghan-Sikh Wars
1502:deserts of Sindh
1443:
1436:
1429:
1403:Military History
1358:Literary History
1328:Economic History
1312:Related articles
1292:, 1947 – 1950 CE
1267:, 1857 – 1858 CE
1202:, 1526 – 1540 CE
1181:, 1342 – 1576 CE
1179:Bengal Sultanate
1175:, 1336 – 1646 CE
1169:, 1251 – 1618 CE
1070:Karakota Dynasty
1064:Harsha's Dynasty
1058:Chalukya Dynasty
950:Haryanka Dynasty
927:Rise of Buddhism
818:, c. 500,000 BCE
778:
760:
759:
725:
724:
717:
716:(princely state)
708:
707:
696:
695:
683:
682:
669:
668:
655:
654:
645:Sikh Confederacy
641:
640:
627:
626:
613:
612:
606:
605:
590:
589:
361:Federal monarchy
191:Common languages
183:
175:
144:
141:
136:
87:
73:
41:
40:
21:
13091:
13090:
13086:
13085:
13084:
13082:
13081:
13080:
13026:
13025:
13024:
13019:
13000:
12927:
12828:Amarinder Singh
12781:
12685:
12667:
12637:
12632:
12621:American Empire
12606:
12602:African empires
12554:
12437:
12129:Central African
12075:
11893:Romano-Germanic
11479:
11213:Middle Assyrian
11186:
11178:
11173:
11143:
11138:
11102:
11093:Majithia family
11072:
11053:Paolo Avitabile
11016:
10997:Fakir Azizuddin
10907:Mehta Basti Ram
10827:Diwan Dina Nath
10803:
10767:
10747:Namgyal dynasty
10695:
10674:Military forces
10665:
10637:
10628:Siege of Multan
10604:
10585:Battle of Mudki
10571:
10528:
10417:
10411:
10387:Nau Nihal Singh
10365:
10360:
10330:
10325:
10303:
10265:
10036:
9996:
9995:
9990:
9954:
9945:Majithia family
9924:
9905:Paolo Avitabile
9868:
9849:Fakir Azizuddin
9759:Mehta Basti Ram
9679:Diwan Dina Nath
9655:
9619:
9599:Namgyal dynasty
9547:
9526:Military forces
9517:
9489:
9480:Siege of Multan
9456:
9437:Battle of Mudki
9423:
9380:
9269:
9263:
9239:Nau Nihal Singh
9217:
9212:
9172:
9057:and communities
9056:
9049:
8793:
8779:Ramgarhia Bunga
8690:Harmandir Sahib
8671:
8603:
8485:
8481:Diet in Sikhism
8435:
8366:
8353:
8348:
8300:Wayback Machine
8284:
8153:
8151:
8149:
8128:
8126:Further reading
8115:
8113:
8111:
8091:
8073:
8049:
8029:
8009:
7991:
7969:
7947:
7945:
7943:
7925:
7920:
7912:
7908:
7869:
7865:
7855:
7853:
7846:
7830:
7826:
7810:
7809:
7802:
7800:
7796:
7789:
7787:"Archived copy"
7785:
7784:
7780:
7770:
7768:
7755:
7751:
7741:
7739:
7724:
7708:
7704:
7691:
7689:
7676:
7675:
7671:
7661:
7659:
7644:
7640:
7630:
7628:
7613:
7597:
7593:
7579:
7577:
7562:
7558:
7548:
7546:
7531:
7520:
7513:
7495:
7491:
7480:
7476:
7466:
7464:
7457:
7441:
7434:
7424:
7422:
7415:
7399:
7390:
7365:
7358:
7348:
7346:
7331:
7315:
7311:
7298:
7296:
7289:
7273:
7269:
7259:
7257:
7250:
7234:
7230:
7195:
7191:
7181:
7179:
7172:
7156:
7152:
7145:
7126:
7122:
7112:
7110:
7103:
7085:
7081:
7072:
7068:
7059:
7055:
7048:
7032:
7028:
7008:
7004:
7000:, 2001, 2nd ed.
6983:
6979:
6970:
6966:
6958:
6954:
6947:
6929:
6925:
6917:
6910:
6902:
6891:
6883:
6870:
6862:
6858:
6850:
6846:
6838:
6834:
6826:
6822:
6814:
6810:
6802:
6798:
6790:
6786:
6778:
6771:
6763:
6759:
6746:
6742:
6732:
6730:
6721:
6720:
6716:
6711:Wayback Machine
6698:
6694:
6684:
6682:
6675:
6659:
6655:
6644:
6630:
6629:
6625:
6620:
6616:
6605:
6604:
6600:
6590:
6588:
6577:
6573:
6563:
6561:
6554:
6538:
6534:
6529:
6525:
6520:
6516:
6506:
6504:
6493:
6489:
6478:
6469:
6456:
6454:
6447:
6431:
6427:
6414:
6412:
6405:
6389:
6385:
6372:
6370:
6363:
6347:
6343:
6333:
6331:
6316:
6307:
6297:
6295:
6277:
6273:
6268:
6261:
6256:
6252:
6242:
6240:
6233:
6217:
6213:
6208:
6204:
6194:
6192:
6185:
6169:
6165:
6149:
6148:
6141:
6139:
6124:
6120:
6113:
6099:
6092:
6082:
6080:
6073:
6057:
6053:
6043:
6041:
6034:
6018:
6014:
6003:
5989:
5982:
5975:
5961:
5954:
5943:
5929:
5922:
5904:
5902:
5872:
5865:
5842:10.2307/2049956
5825:
5819:
5808:
5797:
5790:
5780:
5778:
5771:
5755:
5751:
5741:
5727:
5720:
5710:
5708:
5701:
5687:
5686:
5682:
5672:
5670:
5663:
5647:
5643:
5633:
5631:
5622:
5621:
5617:
5607:
5605:
5598:
5590:. p. 270.
5578:
5574:
5561:Wayback Machine
5549:
5542:
5532:
5530:
5521:
5520:
5516:
5509:
5495:
5491:
5483:
5479:
5471:
5464:
5454:
5452:
5443:
5442:
5438:
5430:
5426:
5416:
5414:
5399:
5390:
5382:
5378:
5370:
5363:
5353:
5351:
5344:
5328:
5324:
5316:
5312:
5304:
5300:
5293:
5279:
5180:
5173:
5159:
5152:
5141:
5137:
5130:
5116:
5112:
5102:Wayback Machine
5093:
5089:
5083:Amarinder Singh
5081:
5077:
5070:
5056:
5052:
5042:
5040:
5033:
5017:
5013:
5003:
5001:
4994:
4978:
4974:
4964:
4962:
4955:
4939:
4935:
4925:
4923:
4916:
4890:
4881:
4867:
4865:
4858:
4842:
4838:
4828:
4826:
4819:
4803:
4799:
4786:
4784:
4777:
4761:
4757:
4744:
4742:
4735:
4719:
4715:
4693:
4684:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4660:
4649:
4645:
4640:
4597:
4592:
4590:
4583:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4564:
4555:
4549:
4537:
4534:
4525:
4524:
4508:
4499:
4495:
4489:
4480:
4446:
4445:
4442:Nau Nihal Singh
4360:
4359:
4346:
4345:
4332:
4331:
4318:
4317:
4219:
4218:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4102:
4062:
4034:1 August 1863 (
4011:
4010:
3866:
3865:
3843:8 October 1839
3800:8 October 1839
3697:
3644:30 April 1837:
3638:14 March 1823:
3627:
3460:
3454:
3451:
3335:
3322:
3249:Amarinder Singh
3231:, 2.88 million
3221:
3220:
3212:
3199:
3186:
3173:
3146:
3103:
3048:Paolo Avitabile
2974:Fakir Azizuddin
2959:
2922:Dera Ghazi Khan
2814:
2665:
2621:
2549:
2547:Foreign affairs
2493:bestowed titles
2438:
2433:
2417:princely states
2375:Badshahi Mosque
2351:
2235:
2229:
2217:Tibetan Plateau
2042:
1975:
1973:Intra-Misl Wars
1930:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1831:
1777:
1739:The next guru,
1649:
1613:
1608:
1599:Sarkar Khalsaji
1581:
1447:
1418:
1417:
1383:Coinage History
1373:Musical History
1313:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1259:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1134:Delhi Sultanate
1128:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1052:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1000:, 322 – 185 BCE
987:
977:
976:
975:
964:, 345 – 322 BCE
881:
869:
861:
860:
859:
854:3000 – 1000 BCE
848:7000 – 2600 BCE
830:7570 – 6200 BCE
805:
776:
769:
754:
722:
715:
705:
687:Namgyal dynasty
680:
666:
652:
638:
624:
610:
566:
533:
529:
516:
482:
469:
439:
427:
396:
383:
352:
303:
186:
181:
173:
149:
142:
126:
120:
110:
104:
95:
94:
93:
88:
80:
79:
74:
61:
55:
51:
49:Sarkār-i-Khālsa
46:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13089:
13079:
13078:
13073:
13068:
13063:
13058:
13053:
13048:
13043:
13038:
13021:
13020:
13012:Portal:Sikhism
13005:
13002:
13001:
12999:
12998:
12993:
12988:
12983:
12978:
12977:
12976:
12966:
12961:
12956:
12951:
12946:
12944:Akali movement
12941:
12935:
12933:
12929:
12928:
12926:
12925:
12923:Amritpal Singh
12920:
12915:
12910:
12905:
12900:
12895:
12890:
12885:
12880:
12875:
12870:
12865:
12860:
12858:Manmohan Singh
12855:
12850:
12845:
12840:
12835:
12830:
12825:
12820:
12815:
12810:
12805:
12800:
12795:
12789:
12787:
12783:
12782:
12780:
12779:
12774:
12769:
12764:
12759:
12754:
12749:
12744:
12739:
12734:
12729:
12724:
12719:
12714:
12709:
12704:
12699:
12693:
12691:
12687:
12686:
12666:
12665:
12658:
12651:
12643:
12634:
12633:
12631:
12630:
12629:
12628:
12623:
12614:
12612:
12608:
12607:
12605:
12604:
12599:
12594:
12589:
12584:
12579:
12578:
12577:
12566:
12564:
12560:
12559:
12556:
12555:
12553:
12552:
12547:
12542:
12537:
12532:
12531:
12530:
12520:
12515:
12510:
12505:
12500:
12495:
12490:
12485:
12480:
12475:
12474:
12473:
12468:
12458:
12453:
12447:
12445:
12436:
12435:
12434:
12433:
12428:
12423:
12418:
12413:
12403:
12398:
12397:
12396:
12386:
12381:
12380:
12379:
12374:
12369:
12359:
12354:
12353:
12352:
12347:
12337:
12336:
12335:
12330:
12325:
12320:
12315:
12305:
12304:
12303:
12298:
12288:
12283:
12278:
12273:
12272:
12271:
12266:
12261:
12256:
12251:
12241:
12240:
12239:
12234:
12224:
12219:
12218:
12217:
12212:
12202:
12201:
12200:
12195:
12185:
12184:
12183:
12178:
12168:
12163:
12162:
12161:
12156:
12151:
12146:
12141:
12131:
12126:
12125:
12124:
12119:
12111:
12106:
12101:
12096:
12091:
12085:
12083:
12077:
12076:
12074:
12073:
12068:
12063:
12058:
12057:
12056:
12051:
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8662:Sukhmani Sahib
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8627:Sarbloh Granth
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8504:Sikh practices
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8405:Guru Hargobind
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8283:
8282:External links
8280:
8279:
8278:
8264:
8250:
8244:
8230:
8216:
8202:
8188:
8174:
8160:
8148:978-1316025338
8147:
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8110:978-8173807787
8109:
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7511:
7505:. p. 23.
7489:
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7456:978-0521637640
7455:
7432:
7414:978-8170174103
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7189:
7171:978-9047443346
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7144:978-0300222906
7143:
7120:
7102:978-0190990466
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6939:. p. 40.
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6446:978-0210271872
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6404:978-0300186819
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6362:978-1526777249
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5942:978-1740590860
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5836:(4): 477–488.
5806:
5788:
5770:978-1136790874
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5749:
5740:978-9351505044
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5700:978-0761475712
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5597:978-0307429339
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5318:Markovits 2004
5310:
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4698:, ed. (1911).
4696:Chisholm, Hugh
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4599:History portal
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3695:List of rulers
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3582:Nepal–Sikh War
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2664:
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2620:
2617:
2605:consuming beef
2557:Louis-Philippe
2548:
2545:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2384:to launch the
2369:is located in
2350:
2347:
2323:Faridkot State
2267:Maratha Empire
2259:Sirsa District
2231:Main article:
2228:
2225:
2206:Maqpon kingdom
2041:
2038:
2034:Rani Sada Kaur
1974:
1971:
1951:administrators
1947:Durrani Empire
1926:Main article:
1923:
1920:
1915:Main article:
1912:
1909:
1830:
1827:
1819:Bahadur Shah I
1776:
1773:
1707:Guru Hargobind
1685:His successor
1648:
1645:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1591:refers to the
1580:
1577:
1542:British Empire
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
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1365:
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1307:
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1301:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1268:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1226:Maratha Empire
1223:
1222:
1221:
1212:Mughal Dynasty
1209:
1203:
1200:Mughal Dynasty
1196:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1167:Pandyan Empire
1164:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1155:Sayyid Dynasty
1152:
1150:Tugluq Dynasty
1147:
1145:Khalji Dynasty
1142:
1140:Mamluk Dynasty
1130:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1060:, 543 – 753 CE
1054:
1053:
1050:Early medieval
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1023:Kushan Dynasty
1020:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1006:, 185 – 73 BCE
1004:Shunga Dynasty
1001:
998:Maurya Dynasty
989:
988:
983:
982:
979:
978:
974:
973:
967:
966:
965:
959:
953:
947:
935:
934:
933:
932:
931:
930:
929:
924:
919:
909:
908:
907:
897:
885:
877:
870:
867:
866:
863:
862:
858:
857:
856:
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
819:
813:
807:
806:
803:
802:
799:
798:
792:
791:
781:
780:
771:
770:
763:
756:
755:
753:
752:
747:
741:
739:
735:
734:
731:
730:
727:
726:
719:
710:
709:
702:
693:
690:
689:
684:
676:
675:
673:Maqpon dynasty
670:
662:
661:
656:
648:
647:
642:
634:
633:
631:Durrani Empire
628:
620:
619:
614:
602:
601:
596:
586:
585:
579:
575:
574:
571:
570:
567:
564:
561:
560:
557:
556:
552:
551:
548:
544:
543:
539:
538:
535:
534:
532:29 March 1849
530:
525:• End of
524:
521:
520:
517:
511:
508:
507:
504:
503:
498:
497:Historical era
494:
493:
490:
489:
483:
480:
477:
476:
470:
467:
464:
463:
460:
459:
456:
450:
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446:
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440:
437:
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433:
428:
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418:
417:
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408:
407:
404:
403:
397:
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384:
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370:
364:
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311:
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296:
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256:
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206:
200:
194:
192:
188:
187:
185:
184:
176:
167:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
137:
129:
128:
113:
112:
97:
96:
89:
82:
81:
75:
68:
67:
66:
63:
62:
57:
56:
47:
44:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13088:
13077:
13074:
13072:
13069:
13067:
13064:
13062:
13061:Sikh politics
13059:
13057:
13054:
13052:
13049:
13047:
13044:
13042:
13039:
13037:
13034:
13033:
13031:
13017:
13013:
13009:
13003:
12997:
12994:
12992:
12989:
12987:
12984:
12982:
12979:
12975:
12974:Wall of Truth
12972:
12971:
12970:
12967:
12965:
12962:
12960:
12957:
12955:
12952:
12950:
12947:
12945:
12942:
12940:
12937:
12936:
12934:
12930:
12924:
12921:
12919:
12916:
12914:
12911:
12909:
12906:
12904:
12901:
12899:
12896:
12894:
12891:
12889:
12886:
12884:
12881:
12879:
12876:
12874:
12871:
12869:
12866:
12864:
12861:
12859:
12856:
12854:
12851:
12849:
12846:
12844:
12841:
12839:
12836:
12834:
12831:
12829:
12826:
12824:
12821:
12819:
12816:
12814:
12811:
12809:
12806:
12804:
12801:
12799:
12796:
12794:
12791:
12790:
12788:
12784:
12778:
12775:
12773:
12770:
12768:
12765:
12763:
12760:
12758:
12755:
12753:
12750:
12748:
12745:
12743:
12740:
12738:
12735:
12733:
12730:
12728:
12725:
12723:
12720:
12718:
12715:
12713:
12710:
12708:
12705:
12703:
12700:
12698:
12695:
12694:
12692:
12690:Organisations
12688:
12683:
12679:
12676:
12672:
12664:
12659:
12657:
12652:
12650:
12645:
12644:
12641:
12627:
12626:Soviet empire
12624:
12622:
12619:
12618:
12616:
12615:
12613:
12611:Miscellaneous
12609:
12603:
12600:
12598:
12595:
12593:
12590:
12588:
12585:
12583:
12580:
12576:
12573:
12572:
12571:
12568:
12567:
12565:
12561:
12551:
12548:
12546:
12543:
12541:
12538:
12536:
12533:
12529:
12526:
12525:
12524:
12521:
12519:
12516:
12514:
12511:
12509:
12506:
12504:
12501:
12499:
12496:
12494:
12491:
12489:
12486:
12484:
12481:
12479:
12476:
12472:
12469:
12467:
12464:
12463:
12462:
12459:
12457:
12454:
12452:
12449:
12448:
12446:
12444:
12440:
12432:
12429:
12427:
12424:
12422:
12419:
12417:
12414:
12412:
12409:
12408:
12407:
12404:
12402:
12399:
12395:
12392:
12391:
12390:
12387:
12385:
12382:
12378:
12375:
12373:
12370:
12368:
12365:
12364:
12363:
12360:
12358:
12355:
12351:
12348:
12346:
12343:
12342:
12341:
12338:
12334:
12331:
12329:
12326:
12324:
12321:
12319:
12316:
12314:
12311:
12310:
12309:
12306:
12302:
12299:
12297:
12294:
12293:
12292:
12289:
12287:
12284:
12282:
12279:
12277:
12274:
12270:
12267:
12265:
12262:
12260:
12257:
12255:
12252:
12250:
12247:
12246:
12245:
12242:
12238:
12235:
12233:
12230:
12229:
12228:
12225:
12223:
12220:
12216:
12213:
12211:
12210:German Empire
12208:
12207:
12206:
12203:
12199:
12196:
12194:
12191:
12190:
12189:
12186:
12182:
12179:
12177:
12174:
12173:
12172:
12169:
12167:
12164:
12160:
12157:
12155:
12152:
12150:
12147:
12145:
12142:
12140:
12137:
12136:
12135:
12132:
12130:
12127:
12123:
12120:
12118:
12115:
12114:
12112:
12110:
12107:
12105:
12102:
12100:
12097:
12095:
12092:
12090:
12087:
12086:
12084:
12082:
12078:
12072:
12069:
12067:
12064:
12062:
12059:
12055:
12052:
12050:
12047:
12045:
12042:
12040:
12037:
12035:
12032:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12022:
12021:
12020:
12017:
12015:
12012:
12008:
12005:
12003:
12000:
11998:
11995:
11993:
11990:
11988:
11985:
11983:
11980:
11979:
11978:
11975:
11971:
11968:
11966:
11963:
11961:
11958:
11956:
11953:
11952:
11951:
11950:Turco-Persian
11948:
11946:
11943:
11941:
11938:
11936:
11933:
11931:
11928:
11926:
11923:
11921:
11918:
11916:
11913:
11911:
11908:
11904:
11901:
11899:
11896:
11895:
11894:
11891:
11887:
11884:
11882:
11879:
11877:
11874:
11872:
11869:
11867:
11864:
11862:
11859:
11858:
11857:
11854:
11851:
11849:
11846:
11844:
11841:
11839:
11836:
11832:
11829:
11827:
11824:
11822:
11819:
11818:
11817:
11814:
11810:
11807:
11805:
11802:
11800:
11797:
11795:
11792:
11791:
11790:
11787:
11785:
11782:
11780:
11777:
11775:
11772:
11770:
11767:
11765:
11762:
11758:
11755:
11753:
11750:
11748:
11745:
11743:
11740:
11739:
11738:
11735:
11731:
11728:
11726:
11723:
11721:
11718:
11716:
11713:
11712:
11711:
11708:
11704:
11701:
11699:
11696:
11694:
11691:
11690:
11689:
11686:
11684:
11681:
11679:
11676:
11674:
11671:
11669:
11666:
11662:
11659:
11657:
11654:
11652:
11649:
11648:
11647:
11644:
11642:
11639:
11635:
11632:
11630:
11627:
11625:
11622:
11620:
11617:
11615:
11612:
11610:
11607:
11606:
11605:
11602:
11598:
11595:
11593:
11590:
11589:
11588:
11585:
11581:
11578:
11576:
11573:
11571:
11568:
11566:
11563:
11562:
11561:
11558:
11556:
11553:
11549:
11546:
11545:
11544:
11541:
11537:
11534:
11532:
11529:
11528:
11526:
11524:
11521:
11519:
11516:
11514:
11511:
11509:
11506:
11504:
11501:
11499:
11496:
11494:
11491:
11490:
11488:
11486:
11482:
11474:
11471:
11470:
11469:
11466:
11464:
11461:
11457:
11454:
11452:
11449:
11448:
11447:
11444:
11440:
11437:
11436:
11435:
11432:
11428:
11425:
11423:
11420:
11418:
11415:
11413:
11410:
11408:
11405:
11403:
11400:
11399:
11398:
11395:
11393:
11390:
11388:
11385:
11381:
11378:
11376:
11373:
11371:
11368:
11366:
11363:
11362:
11361:
11358:
11354:
11351:
11349:
11346:
11345:
11344:
11341:
11339:
11336:
11332:
11329:
11327:
11324:
11322:
11319:
11317:
11314:
11312:
11309:
11308:
11307:
11304:
11302:
11299:
11297:
11294:
11290:
11287:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11277:
11276:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11267:
11263:
11260:
11258:
11255:
11253:
11250:
11249:
11248:
11245:
11241:
11238:
11236:
11233:
11231:
11228:
11227:
11226:
11223:
11219:
11216:
11214:
11211:
11210:
11209:
11206:
11204:
11201:
11199:
11196:
11195:
11193:
11190:
11185:
11181:
11177:
11170:
11165:
11163:
11158:
11156:
11151:
11150:
11147:
11135:
11132:
11130:
11127:
11125:
11122:
11120:
11117:
11115:
11112:
11111:
11109:
11105:
11099:
11098:Tiwana family
11096:
11094:
11091:
11089:
11086:
11085:
11083:
11079:
11069:
11066:
11064:
11061:
11059:
11058:Josiah Harlan
11056:
11054:
11051:
11049:
11046:
11044:
11041:
11039:
11036:
11034:
11031:
11029:
11026:
11025:
11023:
11019:
11013:
11010:
11008:
11005:
11003:
11000:
10998:
10995:
10993:
10990:
10988:
10985:
10983:
10980:
10978:
10975:
10973:
10970:
10968:
10965:
10963:
10960:
10958:
10955:
10953:
10950:
10948:
10945:
10943:
10940:
10938:
10935:
10933:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10923:
10920:
10918:
10915:
10913:
10910:
10908:
10905:
10903:
10902:Jawahar Singh
10900:
10898:
10895:
10893:
10890:
10888:
10885:
10883:
10880:
10878:
10877:Zorawar Singh
10875:
10873:
10870:
10868:
10865:
10863:
10860:
10858:
10855:
10853:
10850:
10848:
10845:
10843:
10840:
10838:
10835:
10833:
10830:
10828:
10825:
10823:
10820:
10819:
10817:
10813:
10810:
10806:
10800:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10789:Harkishangarh
10787:
10785:
10782:
10780:
10777:
10776:
10774:
10770:
10764:
10761:
10758:
10755:
10753:
10750:
10748:
10745:
10743:
10740:
10738:
10735:
10733:
10730:
10728:
10725:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10715:
10713:
10710:
10708:
10707:Mughal Empire
10705:
10704:
10702:
10698:
10692:
10689:
10687:
10684:
10682:
10679:
10678:
10676:
10672:
10664:
10660:
10656:
10652:
10651:Sino-Sikh war
10648:
10644:
10640:
10634:
10631:
10629:
10626:
10624:
10621:
10619:
10616:
10615:
10613:
10611:
10607:
10601:
10598:
10596:
10593:
10591:
10588:
10586:
10583:
10582:
10580:
10578:
10574:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10540:
10539:
10537:
10535:
10531:
10525:
10522:
10520:
10519:Gurdas Nangal
10517:
10515:
10512:
10510:
10507:
10505:
10502:
10500:
10497:
10495:
10494:Chappar Chiri
10492:
10490:
10487:
10485:
10482:
10480:
10477:
10475:
10472:
10470:
10467:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10455:
10452:
10450:
10447:
10445:
10442:
10440:
10437:
10435:
10432:
10431:
10429:
10427:
10423:
10420:
10414:
10408:
10405:
10403:
10400:
10398:
10395:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10374:
10372:
10368:
10364:
10357:
10352:
10350:
10345:
10343:
10338:
10337:
10334:
10324:
10316:
10306:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10289:Kesgarh Sahib
10287:
10285:
10284:Damdama Sahib
10282:
10280:
10277:
10276:
10274:
10272:
10268:
10262:
10259:
10254:
10250:
10247:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10237:
10236:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10227:
10225:
10222:
10220:
10217:
10215:
10212:
10210:
10207:
10205:
10202:
10200:
10197:
10193:
10190:
10189:
10188:
10185:
10183:
10180:
10178:
10175:
10173:
10170:
10168:
10165:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10138:
10135:
10133:
10132:Sikh Regiment
10130:
10126:
10123:
10122:
10121:
10118:
10116:
10113:
10111:
10108:
10106:
10103:
10101:
10098:
10096:
10093:
10091:
10088:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10076:
10073:
10071:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10058:
10056:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10047:
10045:
10043:
10039:
10033:
10030:
10026:
10023:
10022:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10013:
10011:
10008:
10007:
10005:
10003:
9999:
9987:
9984:
9982:
9979:
9977:
9974:
9972:
9969:
9967:
9964:
9963:
9961:
9957:
9951:
9950:Tiwana family
9948:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9937:
9935:
9931:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9910:Josiah Harlan
9908:
9906:
9903:
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9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9767:
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9762:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9754:Jawahar Singh
9752:
9750:
9747:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9737:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9729:Zorawar Singh
9727:
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9508:
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9503:Sino-Sikh war
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9371:Gurdas Nangal
9369:
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9364:
9362:
9359:
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9354:
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9346:Chappar Chiri
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9134:Agrahari Sikh
9132:
9128:
9125:
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9120:
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9111:
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9078:
9076:
9073:
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9068:
9067:
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9063:
9062:
9060:
9058:
9055:Groups, sects
9052:
9044:
9043:U.S. Military
9041:
9040:
9039:
9038:United States
9036:
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9029:
9027:
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8757:
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8754:Khanda museum
8752:
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8740:
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8725:North America
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8557:
8555:
8554:Three Pillars
8552:
8550:
8549:Antam Sanskar
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8539:Amrit Sanchar
8537:
8535:
8532:
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8527:
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8494:
8492:
8488:
8482:
8479:
8475:
8472:
8471:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8464:The 52 Hukams
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8446:
8444:
8442:
8438:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8390:Guru Amar Das
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
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8375:
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8369:
8365:
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8356:
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8301:
8297:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8285:
8276:
8272:
8268:
8265:
8262:
8261:81-85477-01-9
8258:
8254:
8251:
8248:
8245:
8242:
8241:0-19-566111-7
8238:
8234:
8231:
8228:
8227:81-215-0165-2
8224:
8220:
8217:
8214:
8213:81-215-0213-6
8210:
8206:
8203:
8200:
8199:81-7304-064-8
8196:
8192:
8189:
8186:
8185:1-84176-777-8
8182:
8178:
8175:
8172:
8171:81-215-0540-2
8168:
8164:
8161:
8150:
8144:
8140:
8139:
8134:
8133:Grewal, J. S.
8130:
8129:
8112:
8106:
8102:
8101:
8095:
8092:
8086:
8082:
8077:
8074:
8068:
8064:
8060:
8059:
8053:
8050:
8048:81-7017-030-3
8044:
8040:
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8024:
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8019:
8013:
8010:
8004:
8000:
7995:
7992:
7986:
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7980:
7973:
7970:
7968:1-84176-777-8
7964:
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7955:
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7938:
7934:
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7910:
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7890:
7886:
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7867:
7851:
7847:
7845:0-521-63764-3
7841:
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7814:
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7384:
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7361:
7344:
7340:
7336:
7332:
7330:81-7001-083-7
7326:
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7018:
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7012:
7006:
6999:
6998:81-7380-778-7
6995:
6991:
6987:
6981:
6974:
6968:
6962:, p. 24.
6961:
6956:
6948:
6942:
6938:
6934:
6927:
6921:, p. 22.
6920:
6915:
6913:
6906:, p. 23.
6905:
6900:
6898:
6896:
6894:
6887:, p. 20.
6886:
6881:
6879:
6877:
6875:
6873:
6866:, p. 18.
6865:
6860:
6854:, p. 17.
6853:
6848:
6842:, p. 19.
6841:
6836:
6829:
6824:
6818:, p. iv.
6817:
6812:
6806:, p. 25.
6805:
6800:
6794:, p. 28.
6793:
6788:
6782:, p. 27.
6781:
6776:
6774:
6767:, p. ix.
6766:
6761:
6754:
6750:
6744:
6728:
6724:
6718:
6712:
6708:
6705:
6702:
6696:
6680:
6676:
6670:
6667:. Routledge.
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6549:
6545:
6544:
6536:
6527:
6518:
6502:
6498:
6495:Meena, R. P.
6491:
6484:. p. 10.
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5433:
5428:
5413:on 8 May 2014
5412:
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5401:Ganda Singh.
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4894:"Sikh Empire"
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4627:Mughal Empire
4625:
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4585:Punjab portal
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3954:Assassinated
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3902:73 days
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3855:Assassinated
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3754:27 June 1839
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3671:Sino-Sikh war
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3655:
3653:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3613:3 July 1819:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3516:, Misldar of
3515:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3474:and declares
3473:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3397:Eleemosynary
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3357:Land Revenue
3356:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3326:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3209:
3205:
3196:
3192:
3183:
3179:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3121:According to
3119:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2963:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2818:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2797:Khyber Agency
2794:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2703:Punjab, India
2701:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2690:in the south
2689:
2685:
2684:Punjab region
2682:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2669:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2630:
2625:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2558:
2553:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2489:golden throne
2485:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2474:Punjab Darbar
2471:
2467:
2466:Khalsa Darbar
2463:
2462:Lahore Darbar
2455:
2451:
2447:
2444:Detail from ‘
2442:
2428:
2426:
2425:British Crown
2422:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2408:best policy.
2405:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2355:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2287:Patiala State
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2213:Sino-Sikh War
2209:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2079:in the east.
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2065:Punjab region
2061:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2030:Phulkian Misl
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2007:Karor Singhia
2004:
2000:
1997:Misls verses
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1955:Sivalik Hills
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1897:Gurdas Nangal
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1734:Sivalik Hills
1731:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1695:Khusrau Mirza
1692:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1676:Guru Amar Das
1673:
1669:
1665:
1664:Mughal Empire
1661:
1657:
1653:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1621:Mughal Empire
1618:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1594:
1590:
1589:Lahore Darbar
1586:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1459:Punjab region
1456:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1408:Naval History
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1254:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1189:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1160:Lodhi Dynasty
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1126:Late medieval
1122:
1121:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1105:Chola Dynasty
1103:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1076:Arab Invasion
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1036:
1035:Gupta Dynasty
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1018:Sangam period
1016:
1012:, 73 – 28 BCE
1011:
1010:Kanva Dynasty
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
994:
991:
990:
986:
981:
980:
971:
970:Mahajanapadas
968:
963:
962:Nanda Dynasty
960:
958:413 – 345 BCE
957:
954:
952:544 – 413 BCE
951:
948:
945:
942:
941:
940:
937:
936:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
913:
910:
906:
903:
902:
901:
898:
895:
892:
891:
889:
886:
883:
878:
875:
872:
871:
865:
864:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
825:
823:
820:
817:
814:
812:
809:
808:
801:
800:
797:
794:
793:
787:
783:
782:
779:
773:
772:
767:
762:
761:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
740:
738:Today part of
736:
720:
718:
712:
711:
703:
701:
698:
697:
694:
688:
685:
678:
677:
674:
671:
664:
663:
660:
657:
650:
649:
646:
643:
636:
635:
632:
629:
622:
621:
618:
615:
608:
607:
604:
603:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
587:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
565:• 1800s
562:
558:
553:
549:
545:
540:
536:
531:
528:
522:
518:
515:
509:
505:
502:
499:
495:
491:
487:
484:
478:
474:
471:
465:
461:
457:
455:
451:
447:
444:
441:
435:
432:
429:
423:
419:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
398:
392:
388:
385:
379:
375:
371:
369:
365:
362:
359:
355:
348:
344:
340:
336:
334:
330:
328:
324:
321:
317:
313:
312:
310:
306:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
193:
189:
180:
177:
172:
169:
168:
166:
162:
159:
156:
152:
148:
135:
130:
125:
124:
123:Dēg Tēg Fateh
118:
114:
109:
108:
102:
98:
92:
86:
78:
72:
64:
58:
54:
50:
42:
39:
35:
27:
19:
13011:
12903:Gurnam Singh
12848:Gurnam Singh
12808:Swaran Singh
12803:Baldev Singh
12697:Ghadar Party
12377:Contemporary
12236:
12227:Indo-Persian
12215:Nazi Germany
12159:Contemporary
12061:Vijayanagara
11960:Great Seljuk
11871:Thessalonica
11799:Golden Horde
11439:Carthaginian
11218:Neo-Assyrian
11203:Neo-Sumerian
10992:Ilahi Bakhsh
10852:Diwan Mulraj
10842:Pratap Singh
10799:Zorawar Fort
10454:2nd Anandpur
10449:1st Anandpur
10407:Duleep Singh
10382:Kharak Singh
10377:Ranjit Singh
10362:
10261:Sacred trees
10042:Other topics
10015:Hola Mohalla
9844:Ilahi Bakhsh
9704:Diwan Mulraj
9694:Pratap Singh
9651:Zorawar Fort
9306:2nd Anandpur
9301:1st Anandpur
9259:Duleep Singh
9234:Kharak Singh
9229:Ranjit Singh
9214:
9177:
9122:Mazhabi Sikh
8981:South Africa
8749:Kesgarh Qila
8695:Janam Asthan
8677:Architecture
8622:Dasam Granth
8589:Charhdi Kala
8469:Prohibitions
8410:Guru Har Rai
8395:Guru Ram Das
8266:
8252:
8246:
8232:
8218:
8204:
8190:
8176:
8162:
8152:. Retrieved
8137:
8114:. Retrieved
8099:
8080:
8057:
8037:
8021:, ABC-CLIO,
8017:
7998:
7978:
7958:
7946:. Retrieved
7931:
7909:
7879:(1): 46–50.
7876:
7872:
7866:
7854:. Retrieved
7834:
7827:
7801:. Retrieved
7781:
7769:. Retrieved
7759:
7752:
7740:. Retrieved
7712:
7705:
7697:
7690:. Retrieved
7681:
7672:
7660:. Retrieved
7651:
7641:
7629:. Retrieved
7601:
7594:
7585:
7578:. Retrieved
7569:
7559:
7547:. Retrieved
7538:
7498:
7492:
7483:
7477:
7465:. Retrieved
7445:
7423:. Retrieved
7403:
7374:
7368:
7347:. Retrieved
7319:
7312:
7304:
7297:. Retrieved
7277:
7270:
7258:. Retrieved
7238:
7231:
7206:
7202:
7192:
7180:. Retrieved
7160:
7153:
7133:
7123:
7111:. Retrieved
7092:
7082:
7074:
7069:
7061:
7056:
7036:
7029:
7015:
7005:
6989:
6985:
6980:
6972:
6967:
6955:
6932:
6926:
6859:
6847:
6835:
6830:, p. 3.
6823:
6811:
6799:
6787:
6760:
6743:
6731:. Retrieved
6717:
6700:
6695:
6683:. Retrieved
6663:
6656:
6648:the original
6632:
6626:
6617:
6607:
6601:
6589:. Retrieved
6574:
6562:. Retrieved
6542:
6535:
6526:
6517:
6505:. Retrieved
6490:
6481:
6462:
6455:. Retrieved
6435:
6428:
6420:
6413:. Retrieved
6393:
6386:
6378:
6371:. Retrieved
6351:
6344:
6332:. Retrieved
6328:the original
6323:
6296:. Retrieved
6284:
6274:
6253:
6241:. Retrieved
6221:
6214:
6205:
6193:. Retrieved
6173:
6166:
6140:. Retrieved
6131:
6121:
6102:
6081:. Retrieved
6061:
6054:
6042:. Retrieved
6022:
6015:
6006:
5995:. Springer.
5992:
5964:
5946:
5932:
5912:
5910:
5903:. Retrieved
5883:
5879:
5833:
5829:
5800:
5779:. Retrieved
5759:
5752:
5744:
5730:
5709:. Retrieved
5689:
5683:
5671:. Retrieved
5651:
5644:
5632:. Retrieved
5627:
5618:
5606:. Retrieved
5582:
5575:
5552:
5531:. Retrieved
5527:the original
5517:
5498:
5492:
5487:, p. 61
5485:Nesbitt 2005
5480:
5453:. Retrieved
5439:
5432:Jestice 2004
5427:
5415:. Retrieved
5411:the original
5406:
5379:
5372:Jestice 2004
5352:. Retrieved
5332:
5325:
5320:, p. 98
5313:
5301:
5282:
5162:
5144:
5138:
5119:
5113:
5105:
5090:
5078:
5059:
5053:
5041:. Retrieved
5021:
5014:
5002:. Retrieved
4982:
4975:
4963:. Retrieved
4943:
4936:
4924:. Retrieved
4897:
4873:
4866:. Retrieved
4846:
4839:
4827:. Retrieved
4807:
4800:
4792:
4785:. Retrieved
4765:
4758:
4750:
4743:. Retrieved
4723:
4716:
4705:
4661:
4651:
4646:
4553:Sikh Empire
4552:
4448:r. 1839–1840
4440:
4362:r. 1841–1843
4354:
4348:r. 1840–1841
4340:
4328:Kharak Singh
4326:
4320:r. 1843–1849
4314:Duleep Singh
4312:
4221:r. 1801–1839
4215:Ranjit Singh
4213:
4188:
4178:
3677:Duleep Singh
3652:Kharak Singh
3562:Ranjit Singh
3514:Baghel Singh
3453:
3450:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3387:1,79,85,000
3346:Particulars
3298:Qajar Persia
3283:
3281:
3274:
3270:, and upper
3261:
3256:
3252:
3241:
3235:and 722,000
3225:Ranjit Singh
3222:
3139:
3120:
3115:
3105:
3102:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3072:
3032:Ilahi Bakhsh
3013:
3005:
3000:
2989:
2986:
2971:
2968:
2825:
2823:
2791:
2773:, Pakistan.
2696:, excluding
2678:
2674:
2656:
2634:
2628:
2613:
2601:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2496:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2465:
2461:
2459:
2450:Ranjit Singh
2410:
2406:
2390:
2379:
2343:
2331:
2327:Ranjit Singh
2251:Yamuna River
2243:Sutlej River
2236:
2221:Qing dynasty
2210:
2203:
2192:
2126:
2121:Ranjit Singh
2100:
2096:Charat Singh
2084:Ranjit Singh
2081:
2062:
2058:
2054:Sutlej River
2027:
1976:
1966:
1962:
1931:
1877:Yamuna river
1873:Sutlej river
1870:
1851:
1832:
1804:
1778:
1741:Guru Har Rai
1738:
1726:Gwalior Fort
1723:
1684:
1650:
1640:
1636:
1614:
1598:
1597:
1588:
1585:Lahore State
1584:
1582:
1568:
1546:
1470:Ranjit Singh
1454:
1452:
1353:LGBT history
1243:
1218:Bengal Subah
1206:Suri Dynasty
1193:Early modern
1173:Vijayanagara
1098:Pala Dynasty
894:Kuru kingdom
659:Sial dynasty
617:Kangra State
599:Succeeded by
598:
593:
581:Nanak Shahi
514:Ranjit Singh
481:• 1846
400:Duleep Singh
387:Ranjit Singh
343:Christianity
234:Kundal Shahi
147:Ranjit Singh
121:
116:
105:
101:Motto:
100:
52:
48:
38:
26:
13036:Sikh Empire
12913:Beant Singh
11965:Khwarezmian
11898:Carolingian
11703:Rashtrakuta
11407:Shaishunaga
11306:Hellenistic
11289:New Kingdom
11279:Old Kingdom
10977:Hukma Singh
10892:Gulab Singh
10822:Dhian Singh
10794:Lahore Fort
10784:Multan Fort
10779:Jamrud Fort
10732:Qing Empire
10700:Adversaries
10686:Fauj-i-Khas
10363:Sikh Empire
10299:Patna Sahib
10294:Hazur Sahib
9829:Hukma Singh
9744:Gulab Singh
9674:Dhian Singh
9646:Lahore Fort
9636:Multan Fort
9631:Jamrud Fort
9584:Qing Empire
9552:Adversaries
9538:Fauj-i-Khas
9215:Sikh Empire
9178:Sikh Empire
9156:Singh Sabha
9085:Nanakpanthi
8996:Switzerland
8986:South Korea
8946:New Zealand
8941:Netherlands
8812:Afghanistan
8642:Japji Sahib
8574:The Five Ks
8569:Vand Chhako
8534:Anand Karaj
7692:27 February
7662:27 February
7652:Daily Times
7631:27 February
7587:Rawalpindi.
7580:27 February
7549:6 September
6128:"Sikh Wars"
5781:10 December
4868:12 December
4496: 1830
4232:Mehtab Kaur
4100:Family tree
4093:Gulab Singh
4089:(1845–1846)
4074:(1818–1843)
4068:(1799–1818)
3687:1848–1849:
3681:1845–1846:
3660:is briefly
3560:1790–1801:
3537:1774–1790:
3504:Sukerchakia
3441:3,24,75,000
3244:Surjit Hans
3080:Gulab Singh
3076:Dhian Singh
2940:Hill States
2510:Diwan-i-Aam
2506:Lahore Fort
2397:Punjab Army
2303:Maler Kotla
2291:Nabha State
2211:During the
2188:Indus River
2184:British Raj
2180:Khyber Pass
2069:Khyber Pass
1999:Sukerchakia
1937:, meaning "
1887:and struck
1813:. In 1707,
1749:Dara Shikoh
1711:sovereignty
1656:North India
1579:Terminology
1506:Khyber Pass
1455:Sikh Empire
1348:Art History
1271:British Raj
1244:Sikh Empire
1232:Company Raj
1078:, c. 738 CE
804:Prehistoric
775:History of
594:Preceded by
519:7 July 1799
486:Gulab Singh
182:(1802–1849)
174:(1799–1802)
143: 1839
53:Khālasā Rāj
45:Sikh Empire
18:Sikh empire
13030:Categories
12868:Jagir Kaur
12535:Portuguese
12416:Revival Le
12406:Vietnamese
12049:Later Tran
12019:Vietnamese
11915:Singhasari
11903:Holy Roman
11527:Bulgarian
11463:Satavahana
11434:Phoenician
11370:Achaemenid
11331:Indo-Greek
11311:Macedonian
11225:Babylonian
11021:Foreigners
10982:Veer Singh
10957:Chandu Lal
10691:Fauj-i-Ain
10397:Sher Singh
10392:Chand Kaur
10279:Akal Takht
10219:In Fiction
10204:Ravidassia
10172:Dharamyudh
10095:Literature
10085:Panj Pyare
10025:Mela Maghi
9873:Foreigners
9834:Veer Singh
9809:Chandu Lal
9543:Fauj-i-Ain
9249:Sher Singh
9244:Chand Kaur
9100:Sewapanthi
8827:Bangladesh
8799:By country
8769:Pul Kanjri
8739:Fateh Burj
8652:Jaap Sahib
8637:Mul Mantar
8559:Kirat Karo
8544:Amrit Velā
8529:Naam Karan
8509:Sikh rites
8441:Philosophy
8400:Guru Arjan
8385:Guru Angad
8380:Guru Nanak
7771:18 January
7503:Roli Books
6937:Roli Books
6733:31 January
6685:19 January
6564:7 November
6507:19 January
6243:7 November
6195:7 November
6083:7 November
6044:7 November
5711:7 November
5608:7 November
5569:0313337985
5473:Singh 2008
5384:Johar 1975
5354:3 November
5306:Kalsi 2005
5104:, section
5004:25 October
4745:25 October
4673:References
4556:1799–1849
4517:Akal Takht
4356:Sher Singh
4342:Chand Kaur
4201:Datar Kaur
4036:Kensington
4029:Gujranwala
4016:; nominal)
3908:Abdicated
3809:Poisoning
3739:Gujranwala
3658:Chand Kaur
3628:28 January
3539:Maha Singh
3532:Timur Shah
3426:24,00,000
3413:95,25,000
3400:20,00,000
3306:Rawalpindi
3290:local Jews
3144:Demography
2945:1,100,000
2861:1,900,000
2795:District (
2784:Waziristan
2782:Excluding
2569:waqa'nawis
2543:(courts).
2436:Government
2334:Dal Khalsa
2295:Jind State
2263:suzerainty
2164:Shah Shuja
2103:Sial State
2092:Gujranwala
2023:Singhpuria
1959:Dal Khalsa
1941:army" or "
1935:Dal Khalsa
1893:Guru Nanak
1807:Wazir Khan
1730:Shah Jahan
1715:Akal Takht
1699:Adi Granth
1691:Guru Arjan
1680:Sikh gurus
1625:Dal Khalsa
1611:Background
1593:Sikh court
1557:Guru Nanak
1538:be annexed
840:Lahuradewa
569:12,000,000
555:Population
431:Chand Kaur
357:Government
279:Bhadarwahi
254:Burushaski
171:Gujranwala
107:Akāl Sahāi
60:1799–1849
12528:Couronian
12166:Ethiopian
12154:Manchukuo
12109:Brazilian
11955:Ghaznavid
11925:Srivijaya
11876:Trebizond
11861:Byzantine
11843:North Sea
11838:Norwegian
11826:Almoravid
11809:Ilkhanate
11779:Majapahit
11752:Muromachi
11661:Solomonic
11646:Ethiopian
11560:Caliphate
11493:Aragonese
11321:Ptolemaic
10887:Lal Singh
10882:Tej Singh
10759:of Poonch
10509:Jalalabad
10418:conflicts
10402:Jind Kaur
10229:Criticism
10147:Ramananda
10002:Festivals
9739:Lal Singh
9734:Tej Singh
9611:of Poonch
9361:Jalalabad
9270:conflicts
9254:Jind Kaur
9095:Nirankari
8976:Singapore
8906:Indonesia
8842:Vancouver
8817:Australia
8609:Scripture
8564:Naam Japo
8491:Practices
8193:. (1994,
8063:Routledge
7901:145500298
7732:302391286
7621:993691884
7215:0970-5368
7209:(3): 41.
6334:11 August
6298:18 August
5913:jagirdars
5858:162144034
5583:The Sikhs
5417:11 August
4678:Citations
4192:1843–1847
4180:Jind Kaur
4087:Lal Singh
3708:Portrait
3374:5,65,000
3268:Jalandhar
3158:Religions
3100:'s dome.
2746:Baltistan
2688:Mithankot
2663:Geography
2657:jagirdari
2589:Rajputana
2528:khill'ats
2524:nazaranas
2456:, ca.1850
2247:Himalayas
2168:Koh-i-Nor
2082:In 1799,
2015:Shaheedan
2003:Ahluwalia
1995:Ramgharia
1991:Dalelwala
1881:Himalayas
1745:Aurangzeb
1703:martyrdom
1617:Aurangzeb
1573:artillery
1472:captured
985:Classical
822:Neolithic
443:Jind Kaur
308:Religion
294:Kohistani
103:ਅਕਾਲ ਸਹਾਇ
12678:politics
12508:Japanese
12471:Scottish
12451:American
12443:Colonial
12372:Imperial
12340:Moroccan
12276:Japanese
12254:Afsharid
12113:Burmese
12099:Austrian
12054:Later Le
12029:Early Le
12014:Venetian
11940:Tiwanaku
11853:Hellenic
11816:Moroccan
11747:Kamakura
11737:Japanese
11720:Saffarid
11673:Georgian
11587:Chalukya
11565:Rashidun
11555:Calakmul
11523:Bruneian
11402:Haryanka
11380:Sasanian
11375:Parthian
11326:Bactrian
11316:Seleucid
11296:Goguryeo
11274:Egyptian
11208:Assyrian
11198:Akkadian
11189:Colonies
11107:Treaties
10489:Sadhaura
10459:Chamkaur
10416:Military
10323:Category
10253:Gurmukhī
10244:Punjabis
10187:Hinduism
10115:Politics
10075:Waheguru
10070:Ik Onkar
10032:Vaisakhi
9959:Treaties
9341:Sadhaura
9311:Chamkaur
9268:Military
9110:Ramraiya
9080:Namdhari
9021:Scotland
9001:Thailand
8961:Pakistan
8931:Malaysia
8807:Diaspora
8685:Gurdwara
8360:Glossary
8296:Archived
8154:16 April
8135:(1998).
7856:15 April
7850:Archived
7813:cite web
7803:3 August
7794:Archived
7765:Archived
7736:Archived
7686:Archived
7656:Archived
7625:Archived
7574:Archived
7543:Archived
7461:Archived
7425:15 April
7419:Archived
7343:Archived
7339:24339822
7299:11 March
7293:Archived
7260:11 March
7254:Archived
7223:43300542
7182:19 March
7176:Archived
7131:(2018).
7113:19 March
7107:Archived
7013:(1868).
6727:Archived
6707:Archived
6679:Archived
6591:15 April
6585:Archived
6558:Archived
6501:Archived
6457:19 March
6451:Archived
6415:19 March
6409:Archived
6373:19 March
6367:Archived
6285:Lawforms
6237:Archived
6189:Archived
6152:cite web
6142:13 April
6136:Archived
6077:Archived
6038:Archived
5775:Archived
5705:Archived
5673:16 March
5667:Archived
5634:13 April
5602:Archived
5557:Archived
5533:9 August
5449:Archived
5348:Archived
5098:Archived
5043:16 March
5037:Archived
4998:Archived
4965:9 August
4959:Archived
4920:Archived
4862:Archived
4829:9 August
4823:Archived
4781:Archived
4739:Archived
4571:See also
3555:in 1846.
3458:Timeline
3421:Customs
3410:Jaghirs
3310:Peshawar
3285:Allahdad
3181:Hinduism
3009:mahallah
2995:and the
2993:Shastras
2982:Peshawar
2949:Srinagar
2918:600,000
2903:Peshawar
2899:550,000
2894:Peshawar
2880:750,000
2777:Peshawar
2641:Dussehra
2637:Vaisakhi
2631:(yellow)
2619:Holidays
2593:Marathas
2478:maharaja
2319:Ferozpur
2307:Ludhiana
2299:Thanesar
2160:Peshawar
2019:Nishania
2011:Kaniyeha
1967:Misldars
1875:and the
1858:Sadhaura
1847:peasants
1757:Anandpur
1719:Amritsar
1687:Jahangir
1553:Vaisakhi
1526:Peshawar
1467:Maharaja
846:Mehrgarh
842:7000 BCE
836:7106 BCE
828:Bhirrana
796:Timeline
766:a series
764:Part of
750:Pakistan
578:Currency
368:Maharaja
349:, others
339:Buddhism
333:Hinduism
320:official
224:Kashmiri
145:, under
12786:Leaders
12575:largest
12570:Empires
12550:Swedish
12545:Spanish
12540:Russian
12503:Italian
12478:Chinese
12466:English
12461:British
12456:Belgian
12431:Vietnam
12421:Tay son
12367:Tsarist
12362:Russian
12357:Ottoman
12323:Dzungar
12318:Khoshut
12291:Mexican
12286:Maratha
12269:Pahlavi
12249:Safavid
12244:Iranian
12171:Haitian
12134:Chinese
12094:Ashanti
12066:Wagadou
11992:Eastern
11987:Western
11970:Timurid
11930:Tibetan
11920:Songhai
11910:Serbian
11831:Almohad
11821:Idrisid
11725:Samanid
11715:Tahirid
11710:Iranian
11688:Kannauj
11668:Genoese
11604:Chinese
11597:Eastern
11592:Western
11580:Fatimid
11575:Abbasid
11570:Umayyad
11543:Burmese
11503:Ayyubid
11498:Angevin
11468:Xianbei
11456:Eastern
11451:Western
11397:Magadha
11360:Iranian
11353:Xiongnu
11338:Hittite
11247:Chinese
11235:Kassite
11184:Ancient
11176:Empires
10815:Natives
10757:Sudhans
10504:Lohgarh
10484:Sirhind
10474:Sonepat
10469:Muktsar
10315:Outline
10239:History
10182:Jainism
10055:Culture
10050:History
9667:Natives
9609:Sudhans
9356:Lohgarh
9336:Sirhind
9326:Sonepat
9321:Muktsar
9105:Nirmala
9016:England
8874:Germany
8864:Finland
8854:Denmark
8832:Belgium
8822:Austria
8647:Chaupai
8632:Gurbani
8594:Dasvand
8364:History
8351:Sikhism
7979:Sikhism
7923:Sources
7742:7 March
7383:4413731
7349:5 March
7093:Kashmir
5916:(1840).
5905:30 June
5900:1571229
5850:2049956
4926:15 June
4653:firangi
4478:Gallery
4334:r. 1839
4186:r. 1847
4060:Viziers
4053:Exiled
4000:Exiled
3763:Stroke
3702:S. No.
3472:Mughals
3333:Revenue
3320:Economy
3294:Mashhad
3229:Muslims
3211:
3198:
3194:Sikhism
3185:
3172:
3163:Percent
3001:panches
2913:Derajat
2734:Kashmir
2726:Kashmir
2609:smoking
2541:durbars
2520:kardars
2515:satraps
2454:gouache
2349:Decline
2283:Kaithal
2265:of the
2152:Kashmir
2144:Sialkot
2134:of the
1889:coinage
1885:Lohgarh
1866:Sirhind
1862:Sirhind
1761:Ram Rai
1652:Sikhism
1633:Afghans
1606:History
1561:Afghans
1540:by the
1530:Kashmir
1480:in the
1461:of the
868:Ancient
816:Soanian
475:(first)
389:(first)
347:Judaism
316:Sikhism
299:Kalasha
269:Ladakhi
203:Persian
198:Punjabi
164:Capital
117:Anthem:
12932:Events
12513:Mongol
12498:German
12493:French
12483:Danish
12426:Dainam
12401:Tongan
12389:Somali
12384:Sokoto
12350:'Alawi
12328:Kalmyk
12308:Mongol
12301:Second
12281:Korean
12232:Mughal
12222:Indian
12205:German
12198:Second
12188:French
12181:Second
12117:Second
12089:Afghan
12081:Modern
12007:Kyrgyz
12002:Uighur
11997:Second
11977:Turkic
11945:Toltec
11881:Epirus
11866:Nicaea
11789:Mongol
11742:Yamato
11678:Huetar
11536:Second
11473:Rouran
11422:Shunga
11417:Maurya
11392:Kushan
11365:Median
11343:Hunnic
11301:Harsha
10642:Others
10479:Samana
10444:Basoli
10439:Nadaun
10370:Rulers
10234:Punjab
10167:Dastar
10162:Sardar
10110:Places
10080:Khanda
9494:Others
9331:Samana
9296:Basoli
9291:Nadaun
9222:Rulers
9090:Nihang
9070:Khalsa
8991:Sweden
8971:Poland
8966:Panama
8956:Norway
8899:Punjab
8879:Greece
8869:France
8837:Canada
8720:Europe
8710:Africa
8657:Rehras
8599:Jhatka
8579:Simran
8524:Langar
8519:Kirtan
8499:Khalsa
8273:
8259:
8239:
8225:
8211:
8197:
8183:
8169:
8145:
8116:14 May
8107:
8087:
8069:
8045:
8025:
8005:
7987:
7965:
7948:26 May
7939:
7899:
7893:311654
7891:
7842:
7730:
7720:
7619:
7609:
7509:
7467:16 May
7453:
7411:
7381:
7337:
7327:
7285:
7246:
7221:
7213:
7168:
7141:
7099:
7044:
6996:
6943:
6751:
6671:
6640:
6550:
6443:
6401:
6359:
6229:
6181:
6109:
6069:
6030:
5999:
5971:
5948:ended.
5939:
5898:
5856:
5848:
5767:
5737:
5697:
5659:
5594:
5567:
5505:
5455:15 May
5340:
5289:
5169:
5126:
5066:
5029:
4990:
4951:
4912:
4875:miles.
4854:
4815:
4787:2 July
4773:
4731:
4189:Regent
4027:1817 (
4014:regent
3976:Lahore
3937:Lahore
3930:Batala
3891:Lahore
3882:1802 (
3869:regent
3838:Lahore
3831:Lahore
3792:Lahore
3785:Lahore
3746:Lahore
3714:Reign
3662:Regent
3624:Aliwal
3523:1783:
3476:Khalsa
3465:Khalsa
3384:Farms
3272:Rachna
3233:Hindus
3207:others
3135:Ladakh
3066:, and
3046:, and
2884:Multan
2875:Multan
2865:Lahore
2856:Lahore
2793:Jamrud
2762:Ladakh
2752:Gilgit
2653:Diwali
2651:, and
2645:Basant
2629:Basant
2595:, and
2591:, the
2577:vakils
2536:haveli
2498:jagirs
2483:kanwar
2446:Darbar
2371:Lahore
2315:Ambala
2279:Kalsia
2199:Dogras
2172:Hazara
2156:Attock
2148:Multan
2088:Lahore
2040:Empire
2013:. The
1987:Nakkai
1983:Bhangi
1943:Khalsa
1939:Khalsa
1854:Samana
1835:Nanded
1800:Khalsa
1784:Paunta
1672:langar
1528:; and
1522:Multan
1518:Lahore
1510:Sutlej
1494:Gilgit
1486:Khalsa
1474:Lahore
1258:Modern
768:on the
488:(last)
458:
454:Vizier
416:
412:Regent
402:(last)
372:
314:9-10%
289:Bateri
264:Domari
259:Khowar
219:Pashto
209:Kangri
179:Lahore
158:Empire
154:Status
12563:Lists
12518:Omani
12488:Dutch
12394:Isaaq
12345:Saadi
12313:Oirat
12296:First
12264:Qajar
12193:First
12176:First
12149:China
12122:Third
11982:First
11935:Tikal
11886:Morea
11856:Roman
11774:Latin
11769:Khmer
11764:Kanem
11730:Buyid
11656:Zagwe
11651:Aksum
11641:Chola
11548:First
11531:First
11518:Bornu
11513:Benin
11508:Aztec
11446:Roman
11427:Gupta
11412:Nanda
11348:White
10772:Forts
10524:Delhi
10514:Jammu
10499:Rahon
10464:Sarsa
10271:Takht
10199:Sikhs
10177:Islam
10157:Kabir
10105:Names
10100:Music
10090:Films
10065:Music
10020:Maghi
9624:Forts
9376:Delhi
9366:Jammu
9351:Rahon
9316:Sarsa
9139:Jatha
9115:Udasi
9026:Wales
8936:Nepal
8926:Japan
8921:Italy
8894:Kochi
8884:India
8849:China
8514:Ardās
8372:Gurus
7897:S2CID
7889:JSTOR
7797:(PDF)
7790:(PDF)
7379:JSTOR
7219:JSTOR
5896:JSTOR
5854:S2CID
5846:JSTOR
5826:(PDF)
4638:Notes
3983:Paris
3717:Note
3705:Name
3478:rule.
3434:Total
3276:Doabs
3237:Sikhs
3168:Islam
3108:Hügel
3054:were
2997:Quran
2942:Suba
2936:Jammu
2915:Suba
2896:Suba
2877:Suba
2858:Suba
2841:Name
2827:Subas
2722:Jammu
2686:, to
2597:Nepal
2581:vakil
2573:subas
2255:Delhi
2140:Kasur
2107:Jhang
2090:from
2077:Tibet
2073:Sindh
1963:Misls
1905:Islam
1901:Delhi
1769:Islam
1668:Akbar
1660:Babur
1641:misls
1637:misls
1498:Tibet
1490:misls
834:Jhusi
777:India
745:India
583:Sikke
327:Islam
284:Shina
274:Purgi
249:Wakhi
244:Shina
239:Balti
229:Gojri
214:Dogri
12675:Sikh
12333:Bogd
12259:Zand
12237:Sikh
12144:Qing
12139:Ming
12071:Wari
12039:Tran
12024:Dinh
11794:Yuan
11784:Mali
11693:Pala
11683:Inca
11634:Yuan
11624:Song
11619:Liao
11614:Tang
11387:Kush
11269:Dʿmt
10192:Rama
9075:Mina
8951:Niue
8916:Iraq
8911:Iran
8859:Fiji
8715:Asia
8705:List
8584:Sewa
8362:and
8271:ISBN
8257:ISBN
8237:ISBN
8223:ISBN
8209:ISBN
8195:ISBN
8181:ISBN
8167:ISBN
8156:2020
8143:ISBN
8118:2019
8105:ISBN
8085:ISBN
8067:ISBN
8043:ISBN
8023:ISBN
8003:ISBN
7985:ISBN
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