518:) The semi-cursive script (gyosho) means exactly what it says; this script style is a slightly more cursive version of kaisho script. This script was practiced at the same time as the reisho script. There are three different levels of "cursiveness" called seigyo, gyo, and gyoso. The style of gyosho utilizes a softer and more rounded technique, staying away from sharp corners and angles. In Japan many works were made using the gyosho technique during the early Heian period. Later in the Heian period, once Japan began to separate itself from China a Japanese version called wayo began to emerge. The Japanese version of gyosho became widely popular and became the basis of many schools of calligraphy. This was a result of gyosho meshing very well with both kanji and hiragana and writing with this technique was both natural and fluid.
538:). The cursive script (sosho) has its origins in the Han dynasty. It was used by scribes as a cursive version of reisho for taking notes. Early examples of sosho include inscriptions on bamboo and other wooden strips. This technique can be easily recognized by many strokes ending with a sweep to the upper right in a breaking-wave type form. As the Han dynasty came to an end, another version of sosho was developed, but this version was written slowly as opposed to the faster sosho that was popular until then. The exact date when sosho was introduced is unclear. Several texts from Japan shared many sosho-like techniques with Chinese texts during this time but it was not until
803:
1497:
1314:
572:
406:(221–206 BC) of China. After this time period, tensho style fell out of popularity in favor of reisho. However, tensho was still used for titles of published works or inscriptions. The clear and bold style of tensho made it work well for titles and this tradition of using tensho only for titles is still around today. By the time Chinese characters and calligraphy migrated over to Japan, tensho was already only used for titles and as a result, was never commonly used in Japan. In 57 AD, the Chinese emperor
580:
547:
1075:
286:
36:
1754:
153:
907:
853:). The ink-wet brush creates a line quite different from a sharp stylus. It affords variation in thickness and curve of line. Calligraphy retained the block form of Li Si and his eight strokes, but the writer was free to create characters that emphasized aesthetically pleasing balance and form. The way a character was written gave a message of style.
446:(206 BC – 220 AD) and the term reisho had many significant meanings but is now only known as one of the five styles of Chinese and Japanese calligraphy. Because of its bold style, the reisho technique is now reserved for large text applications such as plaques, signboards, titles of works, etc. This was its main purpose in Japan as well until the
549:
553:
552:
548:
554:
1359:(AD 1185–1333), but not quite yet to a return to peace and tranquility. The era is sometimes called "the age of the warriors" and a broad transition from court influences to a leading role of the military establishment pervaded the culture. It is also, however, a time when exchanges with China of the
1728:
In contemporary Japan, shodo is a popular class for elementary school and junior high school students. Many parents believe that having their children focus and sit still while practicing calligraphy will be beneficial. In high school, calligraphy is one of the choices among art subjects, along with
848:
could be written from eight strokes. He also devised rules of composition where horizontal strokes are written first and characters are composed starting from top to bottom, left to right. Because the symbols were inscribed with sharp instruments, the lines were originally angular; and in many ways,
551:
470:) The regular script or block script (kaisho) is fairly similar in function to that of Roman block capitals. While Japanese kaisho varies slightly from Chinese kaisho, it is primarily based on Chinese kaisho script in both form and function. The Japanese kaisho style was heavily influenced by the
1779:
thought. For any particular piece of paper, the calligrapher has but one chance to create with the brush. The brush strokes cannot be corrected, and even a lack of confidence shows up in the work. The calligrapher must concentrate and be fluid in execution. The brush writes a statement about the
482:(794–1185) and as time progressed there was a movement in Japan to become more culturally independent and a version of kaisho developed that became uniquely Japanese and included a little bit of the gyosho style. As its influence spread, the primary use of the kaisho technique was to copy the
768:
During preparation, water is poured into the inkstone and the inkstick is ground against it, mixing the water with the dried ink to liquefy it. As this is a time-consuming process, modern-day beginners frequently use bottled liquid ink called
762:. The art of engraving a seal is called "tenkoku" 篆刻. The student is encouraged to engrave his own seal. The position of the seal or seals is based on aesthetic preferences. One is not allowed to put a seal on calligraphy of a sutra.
788:
The brushes come in various shapes and sizes, and are usually made using animal hair bristles. Typical animal hair may come from goats, sheep, or horses. The handle may be made from wood, bamboo, plastic or other materials.
442:) The clerical script or scribe's script (reisho) is a very bold and commanding style of Chinese calligraphy; each of the strokes are greatly exaggerated at the beginning and end. It was most commonly used during the
550:
1803:
practitioners. To write Zen calligraphy with mastery, one must clear one's mind and let the letters flow out of themselves, not practice and make a tremendous effort. This state of mind was called the
785:. More advanced students are encouraged to grind their own ink. Paper is usually placed on a desk, while a large piece of paper may be placed on the floor or even on the ground (for a performance).
1613:(1558–1637) who had paper made to order and painted a backdrop of decorative patterns, butterflies or floral elements that his calligraphy established a poetic correspondence with. Together with
1171:
syllabary was devised to deal with elements of pronunciation that could not be written with the borrowed
Chinese characters. Japanese calligraphers still fitted the basic characters, called
422:. Each panel is divided into two columns and each column has eight characters. The screen speaks to a ruler and recommends that he use the counsel of wise ministers in order to rule justly.
1596:. The 1664 reprint of a copybook based on these principles in Kyoto contributed an important theoretical development. Calligraphers such as Hosoi Kotaku, who authored the five-volume
1521:, which brought 250 years of relative stability to Japan, lasting until the second half of the 19th century. The period was marked by seclusion from overseas influences with the
414:. While this seal was not made in Japan, it is believed to be the first instance of tensho in Japan. The first work in Japan that actually utilized tensho was during the
542:, a famous Japanese Buddhist monk and scholar traveled to China during the early Heian period and brought back copies of texts that he made written in the sosho style.
1040:'s calligraphic texts and this popularity influenced Japanese calligraphers. All of the original texts written by Wang Xizhi have been lost, and copies such as
419:
2182:
1990:
1367:
greatly flourished. Zen monks such as Shunjo studied in China and the copybooks that he brought with him are considered highly influential for the
832:
for religious purposes. When this writing developed into an instrument of administration for the state, the need for a uniform script was felt and
1860:
1476:
resulted in vibrant cultural impulses. The arts prospered, but are not considered as refined as that of earlier times. Of note is the role of
1761:(1275–1351, Japanese zen master, poet, and calligrapher. The characters "別無工夫" ("no spiritual meaning") are written in a flowing, connected
2339:, a catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Japanese calligraphy
1053:
are highly regarded as important sources for Wang Xizhi's style. However Wang's influence can barely be overstated, in particular for the
1653:. Catalogues of imported copybooks testify to a broad appreciation of Chinese calligraphers among the Japanese literati who pursued the
655:.The hardened mixture of vegetable or pine soot and glue in the shape of a stick. The best inksticks are between 50 and 100 years old.
2041:
100:
72:
1252:, "China is a large country and Japan is relatively small, so I suggest writing in a different way." The "Cry for noble Saichō"
1444:(AD 1336–1537), characterized by tensions between imperial and civil authority and periods of outright civil war. However, as
1380:. But this was not the only example, indeed a succession of Chinese monks were naturalized at that time, encouraged by regent
478:(618–907). Early examples of this style in Japan are mostly various statue and temple inscriptions. This was during the early
53:
79:
2336:
1062:
style unique to Japan: "Even today, there is something about
Japanese calligraphy that retains the unchanged flavour of
1127:, Japan's "golden age". Chinese influences in calligraphy were not changed in the early period. For example, under the
2016:
86:
2251:
119:
2362:
2156:
2212:
1742:
68:
1966:
1404:
who wrote in a refined sosho style, or Shūhō Myōcho (1282–1337; better known as Daito
Kokushi), the founder of
57:
2321:
1649:
began relaxing Japan's isolation policy and
Chinese cultural imports increased, in particular via the port of
2352:
1318:
844:
and its way of being written. He sanctioned a form of script based on squares of uniform size into which all
2303:
1187:
377:. Many of its principles and techniques are very similar, and it recognizes the same basic writing styles:
1745:, have special departments of calligraphic study that emphasize teacher-training programs in calligraphy.
924:'s and today this is regarded as one of the most important copies of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. (see also:
802:
592:
221:
2186:
1165:
At the same time, a style of calligraphy unique to Japan emerged. Writing had been popularized, and the
2298:
978:
956:
521:
365:
The term shodō (書道, "way of writing") is of
Chinese origin and is widely used to describe the art of
967:
1738:
1729:
music or painting. It is also a popular high school club activity, particularly with the advent of
1558:
1557:
sect of Zen buddhism, and the Daishi school of calligraphy. The latter focused on the study of the
498:
monks who used a technique based on Zen insight and is different from the classic kaisho technique.
1190:, AD 749) is considered the first text to show a style unique to Japanese calligraphy; it shows a
955:
was written early in the 7th century and is considered the oldest
Japanese text. It is written in
93:
1845:
to clear one's mind. This is considered an essential step in the preparation for a tea ceremony.
1730:
1618:
1496:
1484:; Ikkyū was instrumental in elevating the appreciation of calligraphy to an integral part of the
1400:
a less technical style appeared, representative of Zen attitudes and exemplified in the works of
1033:
342:
46:
970:. Copied by the priest Hōrin in AD 686, the calligraphy style shows influences from the work of
743:
to place under the paper (often newsprint is used as well) to prevent ink from bleeding through.
2074:(apprx. 2838–2698 BC) said to have used knot characters. This is not backed by scientific data.
407:
254:
2330:
1838:
1805:
1734:
1485:
1159:
273:
17:
942:
865:
tradition, it has been practiced up to today, rejuvenated continuously through contact with
856:
Calligraphy in the
Chinese tradition was thus introduced to Japan about AD 600 Known as the
1517:
centralized power in his shogunate between 1603 and 1615. This marked the beginning of the
1330:
1223:
1219:
918:
228:
136:
1610:
8:
1785:
1422:
925:
850:
501:
374:
366:
266:
239:
216:
204:
187:
182:
177:
2045:
1898:
1131:'s reign, royalty, the aristocracy and even court ladies studied calligraphy by copying
2240:
1984:
1646:
1389:
1381:
1138:
Wang Xizhi's influences remained dominant, which are shown in calligraphies written by
1050:
914:
411:
244:
233:
199:
172:
1340:
820:
The
Chinese roots of Japanese calligraphy go back to the 13th century BC, to the late
2247:
1972:
1962:
1936:
1426:
1322:
872:
The oldest existing calligraphic text in Japan is the inscription on the halo of the
845:
841:
338:
2292:
1665:, while "reformists" modeled their work on the sōsho style of calligraphers such as
1313:
1784:, the Zen way of the brush). Through Zen, Japanese calligraphy absorbed a distinct
1449:
1445:
1441:
1277:
1204:
1104:
1089:
1021:
are also typical examples from this time. Both inscriptions were influenced by the
881:
491:
1501:
1200:
346:
2325:
1709:
1514:
1434:
1356:
1344:
866:
487:
425:
211:
194:
1717:
849:
Li Si's achievements were made obsolete by the appearance of brush and ink (see
571:
1827:
1614:
1462:
there, the intermingling of residual members of the imperial court, courtiers,
1377:
1132:
1108:
453:
2357:
1758:
1401:
1317:
A page of calligraphy of a work called the
Sarashina nikki (a travel diary by
1116:
410:
presented a golden seal to a king of a small region near what is now known as
2346:
2067:
1976:
1940:
1693:
at that time. Nevertheless, some examples have been preserved by scholars of
1662:
1393:
1348:
1191:
1100:
933:
895:
877:
873:
821:
811:
807:
579:
167:
1781:
1770:
357:
Japanese syllabaries resulted in intrinsically
Japanese calligraphy styles.
2020:
1831:
1682:
1642:
style at the time, creating examples of "a uniquely Japanese calligraphy".
1546:
1397:
1360:
1269:
1249:
1155:
1151:
1128:
1085:
1029:
1022:
960:
829:
479:
475:
399:
370:
261:
1385:
1120:
1871:
1834:, which stresses a connection to the spiritual rather than the physical.
1609:
style. Very characteristic for the early Edo period was an innovation by
1392:
and many of his works have been preserved. However, with the rise of the
1093:
937:
837:
825:
483:
471:
443:
415:
403:
381:
334:
144:
2160:
1713:
1658:
1589:
1581:
1518:
1481:
1405:
1352:
1293:
1147:
1112:
1074:
1063:
1037:
971:
921:
447:
2220:
2006:
Yuuko Suzuki, Introduction to japanese calligraphy, Search Press, 2005
1536:
policy. Calligraphic studies were essentially limited to the study of
2071:
1877:
1430:
1124:
614:
285:
2313:
1464:
1458:
1335:
1273:
1143:
1080:
35:
2318:
1956:
1841:(which are connected to Zen Buddhism), one is to look at a work of
1796:
1695:
1666:
1650:
1624:
1593:
1364:
635:
587:
A number of tools are used to create a work of modern calligraphy.
354:
350:
2337:
Bridge of dreams: the Mary Griggs Burke collection of Japanese art
2308:
1633: – he is considered one of the greatest calligraphers in the
1554:
1477:
1245:
1139:
1854:
1509:
1469:
1209:
1789:
1753:
1865:
1670:
1523:
531:
511:
463:
435:
391:
2070:. Claims of "28th century b.c." refer to the mythical Emperor
152:
1674:
1550:
1453:
1409:
1173:
906:
833:
658:
559:
539:
398:). The seal script (tensho) was commonly used throughout the
2319:
Japanese Calligraphy galleries and more (hungarian language)
1276:'s death, was one of the examples of such a transformation.
450:(1603–1868) when it was regarded as a calligraphic art form.
1167:
1959:
Traces of the brush : the art of Japanese calligraphy
1500:
A fragment from the "100 Poets anthology"; calligraphy by
1226:, is considered the founder of the authentically Japanese
1182:, into the squares laid out centuries before. A fragment,
1154:
were also highly valued. Their most notable admirers were
1776:
1685:
contributed many fine kana works but generally speaking,
1473:
495:
2183:"Performance calligraphy touches on essence of art form"
1775:
Japanese calligraphy was influenced by, and influenced,
1440:
Political and military unrest continued throughout the
1203:, thus deviated from contemporary Chinese calligraphy.
591:
The four most basic tools were collectively called the
1412:, who had not traveled to China to study. In terms of
575:
A traditional inkstone to grind ink and water against.
1032:
established hegemony in China. Their second Emperor
1292:style was later used for official documents in the
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2239:
1857:– Modern stationery to write calligraphic scripts.
486:. There was a second wave of influence during the
373:. Early Japanese calligraphy was originated from
2344:
1429:are considered outstanding examples of the late
1308:
1123:, Kyoto in 794. This marks the beginning of the
698:to grind the inkstick against, mixed with water.
1817:
1573:
1261:
1012:
990:
778:
755:
734:
715:
689:
669:
646:
625:
603:
319:
311:
2270:
2264:
2210:
2180:
1930:
1861:List of National Treasures of Japan (writings)
1811:
1701:
1637:
1628:
1604:
1567:
1549:. Indigenous developments were contributed by
1540:
1529:
1416:
1371:
1300:
1255:
1239:
1230:
1213:
1194:
1177:
1088:for Saichō's death. Saga was a scholar of the
1057:
1044:
1006:
984:
948:
889:
860:
772:
749:
728:
709:
683:
663:
640:
619:
597:
418:(646–794) was a six-paneled screen called the
326:
305:
1868:(Japanese ink painting) is related in method.
1748:
1244:. This development resonated with the court:
1092:classics. He was also renowned as a skillful
966:The oldest hand-copied sutra in Japan is the
936:Temple also holds bibliographic notes on the
806:Inscription on the halo of the statue of the
2002:
2000:
1989:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1957:Boudonnat, Louise Kushizaki, Harumi (2003).
1146:. Some other Chinese calligraphers, such as
494:(1338–1573) periods, but this was mostly by
2174:
1296:and was the prevailing style taught in the
836:, prime minister in the Chinese dynasty of
1723:
1376:tradition of the time, expressing a clear
558:Japanese calligraphy being written into a
151:
2246:. New York/Tokyo: Weatherhill/Heibonsha.
2042:"About.com: Japanese Calligraphy Brushes"
1997:
1689:style was not as vigorously practised as
901:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1752:
1534:, "locked country" or "chained country")
1495:
1312:
1073:
959:and illustrates that calligraphy in the
905:
801:
578:
570:
545:
284:
2206:
2204:
2159:. Les Ateliers de Japon. Archived from
2019:. Les Ateliers de Japon. Archived from
1880:– a manga based on Japanese calligraphy
14:
2345:
2294:Japanese Calligraphy 1950s Documentary
2237:
1780:calligrapher at a moment in time (see
963:was already refined to a high degree.
583:A typical brush used for calligraphy.
2333:In English, at BeyondCalligraphy.com
2280:Introduction to japanese calligraphy
2201:
1952:
1950:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1218:, "Three Brush Traces"), along with
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
2331:The History of Japanese Calligraphy
2181:Inagaki, Naoto (January 29, 2012).
1830:. It is based on the principles of
1559:"eight principles of the character
1347:rebellions, and the victory of the
1207:(AD 894–966), one of the so-called
24:
2217:Japanese Calligraphy in Zen Spirit
917:in 744. She copied this text from
894:) style, prominent in the Chinese
25:
2374:
2286:
1947:
1915:
1657:style: "traditionalists" studied
1480:, a successor of Shūhō Myōcho at
2304:Shodo Journal Research Institute
1795:Zen calligraphy is practiced by
1708:, or poets and painters such as
797:
402:(1046–256 BC) and the following
34:
2261:History of Japanese calligraphy
2242:The Art of Japanese Calligraphy
2185:. Asahi Shinbun. Archived from
2149:
2140:
2131:
2122:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2017:"Tools of Japanese Calligraphy"
1933:The art of Japanese calligraphy
1743:Fukuoka University of Education
1284:school, which later became the
1280:served as an archetype for the
1069:
45:needs additional citations for
2157:"Kanji History in Japan(2018)"
2086:
2077:
2060:
2034:
2009:
1891:
1600:in 1735, further advanced the
1588:("brush energy") expounded by
1355:, marked the beginning of the
1084:(哭最澄上人), which was written by
337:, or artistic writing, of the
13:
1:
2231:
1733:. Some universities, such as
1621:(1584–1639) – the three
1491:
1319:Sugawara no Takasue no musume
1309:Kamakura and Muromachi period
1826:by the Japanese philosopher
1792:or circle of enlightenment.
474:(581–618) and the following
7:
2314:Brush Calligraphy Galleries
2309:Shodo. Japanese calligraphy
1848:
1818:
1574:
1384:. Rankei Doryū founded the
1325:copied in his later years).
1262:
1013:
991:
779:
756:
735:
716:
690:
670:
647:
626:
604:
593:Four Treasures of the Study
320:
312:
10:
2379:
1768:
1749:Connection to Zen Buddhism
1507:
1288:style of calligraphy. The
1184:Kara-ai no hana no utagire
979:Broken Stone in Uji Bridge
816:Written in the 7th century
792:
722:to hold the paper in place
2271:
2265:
1812:
1702:
1638:
1629:
1605:
1568:
1541:
1530:
1417:
1372:
1301:
1256:
1240:
1231:
1214:
1195:
1178:
1135:texts in artistic style.
1058:
1045:
1007:
985:
949:
890:
861:
773:
750:
729:
710:
684:
664:
641:
620:
598:
360:
327:
306:
1884:
1788:often symbolised by the
1739:Tokyo Gakugei University
1028:In the 7th century, the
566:
349:, but the advent of the
345:was originally based on
2363:History of art in Japan
2238:Nakata, Yujiro (1973).
2083:Nakata 1973, p. 145 ff.
1931:Nakata, Yujiro (1973).
1899:"Shodo and Calligraphy"
1839:Japanese tea ceremonies
1731:performance calligraphy
1724:Meiji and modern period
347:Chinese characters only
1874:(Japanese writing box)
1766:
1584:, and the 72 types of
1505:
1326:
1305:schools of that time.
1097:
1003:"Stone in Nasu County"
999:(mid-7th century) and
929:
902:Before the Nara period
817:
584:
576:
563:
297:
69:"Japanese calligraphy"
2282:, Search Press, 2005.
1903:Vincent's Calligraphy
1756:
1735:University of Tsukuba
1499:
1488:in the 15th century.
1456:to establish his own
1316:
1160:Tachibana no Hayanari
1077:
909:
805:
703:Other tools include:
582:
574:
557:
288:
2353:Japanese calligraphy
2211:Solana Yuko Halada.
1421:style, the works of
1331:Minamoto no Yoritomo
1268:, a poem written by
1224:Fujiwara no Yukinari
1220:Fujiwara no Sukemasa
1119:in 784, and then to
1001:Stone in Nasu County
919:Chinese calligrapher
884:text was written in
369:during the medieval
301:Japanese calligraphy
54:improve this article
2189:on December 3, 2013
2128:Nakata 1973, p. 157
2119:Nakata 1973, p. 156
2110:Nakata 1973, p. 166
2101:Nakata 1973, p. 153
2092:Nakata 1973, p. 170
1706:, National studies)
1580:, which go back to
1423:Fujiwara no Shunzei
1272:on the occasion of
1263:koku Saichō shounin
926:File:Gakkiron 2.jpg
851:Chinese calligraphy
420:Torige Tensho Byobu
375:Chinese calligraphy
367:Chinese calligraphy
2324:2010-06-09 at the
2269:), Hachiro ONOUE (
2146:Nakata 1973, p.169
2137:Nakata 1973, p.168
2048:on 20 January 2013
1786:Japanese aesthetic
1767:
1547:Ming-dynasty China
1506:
1327:
1098:
930:
818:
585:
577:
564:
412:Fukuoka Prefecture
298:
1545:style works, via
1427:Fujiwara no Teika
1329:The ascension of
1323:Fujiwara no Teika
968:Kongō Jōdaranikyō
913:, written by the
840:, standardized a
830:inscribed on bone
555:
339:Japanese language
283:
282:
130:
129:
122:
104:
27:Japanese art form
16:(Redirected from
2370:
2295:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2245:
2225:
2224:
2219:. Archived from
2208:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2044:. Archived from
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2013:
2007:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1988:
1980:
1954:
1945:
1944:
1928:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1895:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1641:
1640:
1632:
1631:
1617:(1565–1614) and
1608:
1607:
1592:'s teacher, the
1579:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1544:
1543:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1450:Emperor Go-Daigo
1446:Ashikaga Takauji
1442:Muromachi period
1420:
1419:
1375:
1374:
1339:, following the
1333:to the title of
1304:
1303:
1278:Ono no Michikaze
1267:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1243:
1242:
1234:
1233:
1217:
1216:
1205:Ono no Michikaze
1198:
1197:
1181:
1180:
1061:
1060:
1048:
1047:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1010:
1009:
998:
997:
994:
988:
987:
954:
952:
951:
893:
892:
864:
863:
784:
782:
776:
775:
761:
759:
753:
752:
742:
741:
738:
732:
731:
721:
719:
713:
712:
697:
696:
693:
687:
686:
677:
676:
673:
667:
666:
654:
653:
650:
644:
643:
631:
629:
623:
622:
609:
607:
601:
600:
556:
490:(1192–1333) and
343:Written Japanese
332:
330:
329:
323:
317:
315:
309:
308:
155:
132:
131:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2343:
2342:
2326:Wayback Machine
2293:
2289:
2254:
2234:
2229:
2228:
2213:"Shodo History"
2209:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2179:
2175:
2166:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2024:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2005:
1998:
1982:
1981:
1969:
1955:
1948:
1935:. Weatherhill.
1929:
1916:
1907:
1905:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1851:
1822:
1819:"no mind state"
1809:
1799:monks and most
1773:
1757:Calligraphy by
1751:
1726:
1699:
1565:
1527:
1515:Tokugawa Ieyasu
1512:
1494:
1357:Kamakura period
1311:
1253:
1072:
1049:written by the
1017:
1004:
995:
982:
946:
904:
874:Medicine Buddha
867:Chinese culture
815:
808:Medicine Buddha
800:
795:
770:
747:
739:
726:
707:
694:
681:
674:
661:
651:
638:
617:
595:
569:
546:
426:clerical script
363:
333:, is a form of
324:
303:
292:characters for
279:
278:
163:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2376:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2341:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2288:
2287:External links
2285:
2284:
2283:
2278:Yuuko Suzuki,
2276:
2258:
2252:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2223:on 2011-01-02.
2200:
2173:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2121:
2112:
2103:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2059:
2033:
2008:
1996:
1967:
1946:
1914:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1858:
1850:
1847:
1828:Nishida Kitaro
1750:
1747:
1725:
1722:
1677:. In terms of
1615:Konoe Nobutada
1611:Hon'ami Kōetsu
1598:Kanga Hyakudan
1508:Main article:
1502:Hon'ami Kōetsu
1493:
1490:
1363:continued and
1310:
1307:
1162:respectively.
1133:Chinese poetry
1079:Cry for noble
1071:
1068:
1025:robust style.
1014:nasu kokuzō hi
992:ujibashi danpi
957:Cursive script
903:
900:
876:statue in the
824:, a time when
799:
796:
794:
791:
766:
765:
764:
763:
744:
723:
706:A paper weight
701:
700:
699:
678:
659:Mulberry paper
656:
632:
568:
565:
544:
543:
519:
499:
454:regular script
451:
423:
408:Guangwu of Han
362:
359:
318:, also called
281:
280:
277:
276:
271:
270:
269:
259:
258:
257:
252:
247:
242:
231:
226:
225:
224:
219:
209:
208:
207:
202:
192:
191:
190:
185:
180:
175:
164:
161:
160:
157:
156:
148:
147:
141:
140:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2375:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2290:
2281:
2277:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2253:0-8348-1013-1
2249:
2244:
2243:
2236:
2235:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2205:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2163:on 2020-12-11
2162:
2158:
2152:
2143:
2134:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2089:
2080:
2073:
2069:
2068:Shang dynasty
2063:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2023:on 2021-01-23
2022:
2018:
2012:
2003:
2001:
1992:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1961:. Chronicle.
1960:
1953:
1951:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1890:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1820:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1710:Kaga no Chiyo
1698:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1663:Wen Zhengming
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1636:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1619:Shōkadō Shōjō
1616:
1612:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1564:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1539:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1503:
1498:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:Rinzai school
1391:
1387:
1383:
1382:Hōjō Tokiyori
1379:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1349:Minamoto clan
1346:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1306:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:Emperor Kanmu
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1076:
1067:
1065:
1056:
1052:
1051:Empress Kōmyō
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1015:
1002:
993:
980:
975:
973:
969:
964:
962:
958:
945:
944:
939:
935:
927:
923:
920:
916:
915:Empress Kōmyō
912:
908:
899:
897:
896:Six Dynasties
887:
883:
880:Temple. This
879:
875:
870:
868:
859:
854:
852:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
822:Shang dynasty
813:
809:
804:
798:Chinese roots
790:
786:
781:
758:
745:
737:
724:
718:
705:
704:
702:
692:
679:
672:
660:
657:
649:
637:
633:
628:
616:
612:
611:
606:
594:
590:
589:
588:
581:
573:
561:
541:
537:
533:
529:
528:
523:
520:
517:
513:
509:
508:
503:
500:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
460:
455:
452:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
432:
427:
424:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
388:
383:
380:
379:
378:
376:
372:
368:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
322:
314:
302:
295:
291:
287:
275:
272:
268:
265:
264:
263:
260:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
223:
220:
218:
215:
214:
213:
210:
206:
203:
201:
198:
197:
196:
193:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
170:
169:
166:
165:
159:
158:
154:
150:
149:
146:
143:
142:
138:
134:
133:
124:
121:
113:
110:November 2015
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2279:
2260:
2241:
2221:the original
2216:
2191:. Retrieved
2187:the original
2176:
2165:. Retrieved
2161:the original
2151:
2142:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2066:in the late
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2046:the original
2036:
2025:. Retrieved
2021:the original
2011:
1958:
1932:
1906:. Retrieved
1902:
1893:
1842:
1836:
1832:Zen Buddhism
1804:
1800:
1794:
1774:
1762:
1727:
1718:Sakai Hōitsu
1694:
1690:
1686:
1683:Konoe Iehiro
1678:
1654:
1645:Around 1736
1644:
1634:
1622:
1601:
1597:
1585:
1560:
1537:
1522:
1513:
1486:tea ceremony
1463:
1457:
1439:
1413:
1398:Zen Buddhism
1378:kaisho style
1368:
1361:Song dynasty
1334:
1328:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1270:Emperor Saga
1250:Emperor Saga
1236:
1227:
1208:
1183:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1156:Emperor Saga
1152:Yan Zhenqing
1137:
1129:Emperor Saga
1099:
1094:calligrapher
1086:Emperor Saga
1078:
1070:Heian period
1064:Wang Xizhi's
1054:
1041:
1030:Tang dynasty
1027:
1023:Northern Wei
1000:
976:
965:
961:Asuka period
941:
931:
910:
885:
871:
857:
855:
819:
787:
767:
586:
535:
526:
525:
515:
506:
505:
502:semi-cursive
480:Heian period
476:Tang dynasty
467:
458:
457:
439:
430:
429:
400:Zhou dynasty
395:
386:
385:
371:Tang dynasty
364:
300:
299:
293:
289:
249:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1872:Suzuri-bako
1759:Musō Soseki
1478:Ikkyū Sōjun
1474:Zen priests
1448:had ousted
1402:Musō Soseki
1199:poem using
1117:Nagaoka-kyō
1115:, first to
943:Hokke Gisho
938:Lotus Sutra
826:pictographs
680:An inkstone
605:bunbō shihō
484:Lotus Sutra
472:Sui dynasty
444:Han dynasty
416:Nara period
404:Qin dynasty
382:seal script
335:calligraphy
145:Calligraphy
2347:Categories
2232:References
2167:2018-04-02
2027:2018-03-29
1968:2020593424
1908:2016-05-28
1782:Hitsuzendō
1771:Hitsuzendō
1769:See also:
1714:Yosa Buson
1659:Wang Xizhi
1590:Wang Xizhi
1582:Wang Xizhi
1575:eiji happō
1519:Edo period
1492:Edo period
1482:Daitoku-ji
1433:and early
1406:Daitoku-ji
1388:temple in
1294:Edo period
1237:wayō-shodō
1235:style, or
1201:Man'yōgana
1148:Ouyang Xun
1103:moved the
1038:Wang Xizhi
972:Ouyang Xun
922:Wang Xizhi
846:characters
448:Edo period
255:Vietnamese
80:newspapers
2072:Shen Nong
2052:7 January
1985:cite book
1977:249566117
1941:255806098
1878:Barakamon
1647:Yoshimune
1386:Kenchō-ji
1351:over the
1282:Shōren-in
1125:Heian era
1121:Heian-kyō
1109:Heijō-kyō
1042:Gakki-ron
1036:esteemed
911:Gakki-ron
886:Shakyōtai
736:shitajiki
492:Muromachi
274:Mongolian
162:By script
2322:Archived
1849:See also
1797:Buddhist
1696:kokugaku
1667:Zhang Xu
1651:Nagasaki
1625:Sanpitsu
1594:Lady Wei
1553:and the
1435:Kamakura
1390:Kamakura
1365:Buddhism
1298:terakoya
1248:said to
1066:style".
934:Hōryū-ji
898:period.
878:Hōryū-ji
812:Hōryū-ji
636:inkstick
488:Kamakura
396:zhuànshū
355:katakana
351:hiragana
250:Japanese
229:Georgian
212:Cyrillic
137:a series
135:Part of
2299:YouTube
2275:), 1934
1855:Fudepen
1837:Before
1623:Kan'ei
1510:Edomoji
1470:samurai
1465:daimyōs
1210:sanseki
1105:capital
1090:Chinese
1034:Taizong
882:Chinese
793:History
725:A cloth
717:bunchin
522:cursive
516:xíngshū
267:Western
240:Chinese
236:-based
217:Serbian
205:Tibetan
195:Brahmic
188:Persian
183:Turkish
178:Islamic
94:scholar
2250:
2193:May 1,
1975:
1965:
1939:
1866:Sumi-e
1806:mushin
1765:style.
1691:karayō
1671:Huaisu
1655:karayō
1630:(寛永三筆)
1602:karayō
1586:hissei
1538:karayō
1524:Sakoku
1472:, and
1459:bakufu
1369:karayō
1336:shōgun
1274:Saichō
1241:(和様書道)
1144:Saichō
1081:Saichō
940:: the
858:karayō
842:script
814:Temple
780:bokujū
769:Bokuju
746:A seal
691:suzuri
562:, 2021
536:cǎoshū
532:pinyin
512:pinyin
507:gyōsho
468:kǎishū
464:pinyin
459:kaisho
436:pinyin
431:reisho
392:pinyin
387:tensho
361:Styles
245:Korean
200:Indian
173:Arabic
168:Arabic
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2266:和様書道史
1885:Notes
1843:shodō
1801:shodō
1763:sōsho
1675:Mi Fu
1555:Ōbaku
1551:Ingen
1454:Kyoto
1452:from
1431:Heian
1410:Kyoto
1353:Taira
1345:Heiji
1341:Hōgen
1321:that
1302:(寺子屋)
1257:哭最澄上人
1246:Kūkai
1192:Tanka
1188:韓藍花歌切
1174:kanji
1140:Kūkai
1107:from
1046:(楽毅論)
1008:那須国造碑
986:宇治橋断碑
834:Li Si
828:were
671:washi
615:brush
567:Tools
560:Shuin
540:Kukai
527:sōsho
440:lìshū
321:shūji
313:shodō
294:shodō
290:Kanji
262:Latin
234:Hanzi
101:JSTOR
87:books
18:Shodo
2272:尾上八郎
2248:ISBN
2195:2012
2054:2013
1991:link
1973:OCLC
1963:ISBN
1937:OCLC
1790:ensō
1741:and
1687:wayō
1679:wayō
1673:and
1661:and
1639:(和様)
1635:wayō
1606:(唐様)
1569:永字八法
1561:yong
1542:(唐様)
1425:and
1418:(和様)
1414:wayō
1373:(唐様)
1343:and
1232:(和様)
1228:wayō
1222:and
1196:(短歌)
1179:(漢字)
1168:kana
1158:and
1150:and
1113:Nara
1059:(和様)
1055:wayō
950:法華義疏
932:The
862:(唐様)
648:sumi
627:fude
599:文房四宝
524:(草書
504:(行書
456:(楷書
428:(隷書
384:(篆書
353:and
296:(書道)
222:Vyaz
73:news
2297:on
1777:Zen
1716:or
1408:in
1396:of
1290:Oie
1286:Oie
1215:(三跡
1142:or
1111:in
891:写経体
838:Qin
730:下敷き
634:An
530:) (
510:) (
496:Zen
462:) (
434:) (
390:) (
56:by
2358:Dō
2349::
2215:.
2203:^
1999:^
1987:}}
1983:{{
1971:.
1949:^
1917:^
1901:.
1816:,
1813:無心
1737:,
1720:.
1712:,
1703:國學
1681:,
1669:,
1572:,
1531:鎖国
1468:,
1437:.
1260:,
1011:,
989:,
974:.
869:.
810:,
777:,
774:墨汁
757:in
754:,
733:,
714:,
711:文鎮
688:,
668:,
665:和紙
645:,
624:,
613:A
610:.
602:,
534::
514::
466::
438::
394::
341:.
328:習字
310:,
307:書道
139:on
2263:(
2256:.
2197:.
2170:.
2056:.
2030:.
1993:)
1979:.
1943:.
1911:.
1823:)
1810:(
1700:(
1578:)
1566:(
1563:"
1528:(
1504:.
1266:)
1254:(
1186:(
1096:.
1018:)
1005:(
996:)
983:(
981:"
977:"
953:)
947:(
928:)
888:(
783:)
771:(
760:)
751:印
748:(
740:)
727:(
720:)
708:(
695:)
685:硯
682:(
675:)
662:(
652:)
642:墨
639:(
630:)
621:筆
618:(
608:)
596:(
331:)
325:(
316:)
304:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
