57:
355:
mutilation of the body. What is experienced by the sadist as sexual does not always appear obviously sexual to non-sadists: sadistic rapes do not necessarily include penile penetration of the victim. In a survey of offenses, 77% of cases included sexual bondage, 73% included anal rape, 60% included blunt force trauma, 57% included vaginal rape, and 40% included penetration of the victim by a foreign object. In 40% of cases, the offender kept a personal item of the victim as a souvenir.
278:
or "bondage/discipline dominance/submission sadomasochism" is a colloquial term referring to the subculture of individuals who willingly engage in consenting forms of mild or simulated pain or humiliation. It is not currently a diagnosable condition in either the DSM or ICD system. Alternative terms
249:
according to whether the individual prefers to be the provider or recipient of it. The ICD-10 specifies that mild forms of sadomasochism "are commonly used to enhance otherwise normal sexual activity" (p. 172), and that the diagnosis would apply only if the behavior is preferred or required for
331:
was the term employed by the DSM-II. In that manual, the condition was classified as a sexual deviation, which was used to describe "individuals whose sexual interests are directed primarily toward…coitus performed under bizarre circumstances" (p. 44). The term "paraphilia" did not exist in
388:
Very little is known about how sexual sadism disorder develops. Most of the people diagnosed with sexual sadism disorder come to the attention of authorities by committing sexually motivated crimes. Surveys have also been conducted to include people who are interested in only mild and consensual
313:
Sexual sadism was the term employed in the DSM-III, classifying the condition as a paraphilia. The DSM-III noted that "the imagery in a
Paraphilia, such as simulated bondage, may be playful and harmless and acted out with a mutually consenting partner….In more extreme form, paraphilic imagery is
258:
refers to the preference for non-consenting over consenting sexual partners. It differs from sexual sadism disorder in that although the individual with this disorder may inflict pain or threats of pain in order to gain the compliance of the victim, the infliction of pain is not the individual's
338:
was the phrase mentioned in DSM-I as one of the sexual deviations (p. 39), but neither it (nor any of the other sexual deviations) received a specific label or diagnostic criteria. The term paraphilia did not exist in the DSM-II, and diagnoses did not have specific criteria until DSM-III.
354:
With paraphilic coercive disorder, the individual employs enough force to subdue a victim, but with sexual sadism disorder, the individual often continues to inflict harm regardless of the compliance of the victim, which sometimes escalates not only to the death of the victim, but also to the
165:
of other people. Several other terms have been used to describe the condition, and it may overlap with other conditions that involve inflicting pain. It is distinct from situations in which consenting individuals use mild or simulated pain or humiliation for sexual excitement. The words
305:
is the term previously employed by the DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and DSM-IV-TR, where it was classified as a paraphilia. In these versions of the DSM, sexual sadism pertained only to the infliction of real (not simulated) suffering (p. 530). The condition was renamed
345:
does not actually refer to any sexual interest, and instead refers to the pervasive disregard for the well-being of other people. It is usually associated with a history of violence and criminality (which can include, but is not limited to sexual crimes).
211:. It refers to the "recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the physical or psychological suffering of another person, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors" (p. 696). It is classified as one of the
290:. In scientific research, this sexual preference has also been called the hyperdominance pattern of sexual behavior. Unlike individuals with sexual sadism disorder or paraphilic coercive disorder, individuals with
1143:
914:; Serin, Ralph C.; Amos, Nancy L.; Preston, Denise L. (March 1, 1994). "Comparisons between sexual and nonsexual rapist subtypes: Sexual arousal to rape, offense precursors, and offense characteristics".
259:
actual goal. The condition is typically described as a paraphilia and continues to undergo research, but does not appear in the current DSM or ICD. Alternate terms for the condition have included
879:
1075:
Breslow, Norman; Evans, Linda; Langley, Jill (August 1985). "On the prevalence and roles of females in the sadomasochistic subculture: Report of an empirical study".
241:. It refers to the "preference for sexual activity that involves bondage or the infliction of pain or humiliation" (p. 172), and divides sadomasochism into
464:
314:
acted out with a nonconsenting partner, and is noxious and injurious to the partner" (p. 267). In DSM-III, sexual sadism could be diagnosed if:
223:
would apply if the individual has acted on these urges with a non-consenting person or if the urges cause significant distress to the individual.
392:
Most people with full-blown sexual sadism disorder are male, whereas the sex ratio of people interested in BDSM is closer to 2:1 male-to-female.
621:
Cantor, James M.; Sutton, Katherine S. (2014). "Paraphilia, gender dysphoria, and hypersexuality". In Blaney, Paul H.; Millon, Theodore (eds.).
250:
sexual gratification. The condition is classified as one of the disorders of sexual preference, which includes the paraphilias (p. 170).
324:
employs extensive, permanent, or potentially fatal suffering to achieve sexual excitement, regardless of the consent of the other person.
888:
1197:
1220:
1056:
502:
1357:
1023:
758:
318:
the person repeatedly and intentionally inflicted suffering on a nonconsenting person, to experience sexual excitement
477:
200:
559:
Thornton, David (November 2009). "Evidence regarding the need for a diagnostic category for a coercive paraphilia".
1086:
972:
570:
469:
358:
On personality testing, sadistic rapists apprehended by law enforcement have shown elevated traits of impulsivity,
208:
1317:
1251:
1276:
541:
395:
People with sexual sadism disorder are at an elevated likelihood of having other paraphilic sexual interests.
219:" (p. 685), which is one of the "anomalous activity preferences" (p. 685). The formal diagnosis of
1367:
1342:
916:
430:
342:
1225:
254:
19:
This article is about the medical condition involving unwilling victims. For consensual sadomasochism, see
1077:
963:
698:
642:
561:
1281:
1190:
545:
414:
404:
238:
56:
1158:
626:
65:
321:
repeatedly or exclusively preferred simulated or mild suffering with a consenting sexual partner
1332:
85:
1362:
1241:
146:
1424:
1337:
1183:
707:
8:
1398:
750:
1393:
1286:
1106:
992:
937:
877:; Warren, Janet L. (February 1990). "The sexually sadistic criminal and his offenses".
727:
671:
598:
385:), it is not clear if they are genuinely related or only appear related superficially.
130:
1301:
1098:
1019:
984:
958:
941:
892:
754:
719:
663:
590:
574:
523:
473:
138:
45:
1377:
1110:
996:
731:
675:
602:
1322:
1090:
976:
929:
711:
655:
582:
515:
142:
114:
542:"International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems"
1347:
1163:
1043:
925:
911:
693:
424:
180:
122:
98:
94:
933:
1403:
1296:
1061:
747:
Forensic and medico-legal aspects of sexual crimes and unusual sexual practices
359:
158:
1152:
980:
715:
659:
586:
519:
1418:
1291:
1261:
1256:
1039:
1015:
874:
497:
110:
1051:
1047:
988:
814:
Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.).
667:
594:
409:
261:
126:
106:
1102:
896:
723:
527:
1271:
1266:
1206:
788:
Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., revised).
773:
Freund, K., Scher, H., & Hucker, S. (1983). The courtship disorders.
696:(October 1998). "Preferential rape in the theory of courtship disorder".
689:
493:
419:
363:
162:
134:
1135:
332:
the DSM-II, and diagnoses did not have specific criteria until DSM-III.
294:
seek to provoke pleasure in their partner(s) with the pain/humiliation.
172:
16:
Paraphilia in which a subject derives gratification from inflicting pain
1352:
1327:
1094:
870:
578:
216:
212:
102:
50:
183:, who wrote several novels depicting sexualized torture and violence.
651:
511:
435:
177:
1246:
640:
Quinsey, Vernon L. (October 2009). "Coersive paraphilic disorder".
78:
118:
70:
840:
Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2nd ed.).
827:
Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.).
801:
Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.).
369:
Although there appears to be a continuum of severity from mild (
1147:
961:(April 2010). "The DSM diagnostic criteria for sexual sadism".
234:
1175:
204:
275:
90:
74:
20:
1038:
880:
Bulletin of the
American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
161:
in response to the involuntary extreme pain, suffering or
230:
40:
Sexual sadism, sadistic sex, non-consensual sadomasochism
909:
465:
1125:
869:
853:
500:(Summer 1986). "The concept of courtship disorder".
1074:
199:is the term employed by the current version of the
1416:
492:
186:
953:
951:
1191:
438:, equivalent paraphilia for non-human animals
865:
863:
861:
620:
616:
614:
612:
948:
1198:
1184:
889:American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
851:American Psychiatric Association. (1952).
838:American Psychiatric Association. (1968).
825:American Psychiatric Association. (1980).
812:American Psychiatric Association. (2000).
799:American Psychiatric Association. (1994).
786:American Psychiatric Association. (1987).
688:
55:
858:
609:
389:forms of sexual pain/humiliation (BDSM).
744:
558:
231:International Classification of Diseases
957:
639:
458:
456:
454:
452:
297:
176:are derived from the French writer and
157:is the condition of experiencing great
1417:
806:
229:appears in the current version of the
191:
1179:
780:
468:(5th ed.). Arlington, Virginia:
1009:
845:
832:
819:
793:
534:
503:Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy
449:
284:Domination and Submission (D&S),
1057:Sexual behavior in the human female
13:
1358:Psychopathic Personality Inventory
623:Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology
14:
1436:
1121:
281:Bondage and Discipline (B&D),
201:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
924:(1). Thousand Oaks, California:
775:Archives of Sexual Behavior, 12,
470:American Psychiatric Association
209:American Psychiatric Association
1318:Antisocial personality disorder
1205:
1087:Springer Science+Business Media
1068:
1032:
1003:
973:Springer Science+Business Media
903:
625:(3rd ed.). New York City:
571:Springer Science+Business Media
1060:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:
887:(2). Bloomfield, Connecticut:
767:
738:
682:
633:
552:
486:
288:Sadism and Masochism (S&M)
1:
1368:Sadistic personality disorder
917:Criminal Justice and Behavior
442:
431:Sadistic personality disorder
343:Sadistic personality disorder
267:Coercive Paraphilic Disorder,
1012:Sexual behavior in the 1970s
427:, after whom sadism is named
379:paraphilic coercive disorder
255:Paraphilic coercive disorder
187:Related terms and conditions
7:
1078:Archives of Sexual Behavior
964:Archives of Sexual Behavior
934:10.1177/0093854894021001007
699:Archives of Sexual Behavior
643:Archives of Sexual Behavior
562:Archives of Sexual Behavior
398:
349:
10:
1441:
18:
1386:
1310:
1234:
1213:
1129:
981:10.1007/s10508-009-9586-3
660:10.1007/s10508-009-9547-x
587:10.1007/s10508-009-9583-6
546:World Health Organization
520:10.1080/00926238608415397
415:Leopold von Sacher-Masoch
405:Sexual masochism disorder
239:World Health Organization
84:
64:
44:
36:
31:
650:(2). Abingdon, England:
510:(2). Abingdon, England:
855:Washington, DC: Author.
842:Washington, DC: Author.
829:Washington, DC: Author.
816:Washington, DC: Author.
803:Washington, DC: Author.
790:Washington, DC: Author.
745:Aggrawal, Anil (2009).
716:10.1023/A:1018796312289
627:Oxford University Press
1373:Sexual sadism disorder
1333:History of psychopathy
1302:Superficially charming
383:sexual sadism disorder
308:sexual sadism disorder
221:Sexual Sadism Disorder
197:Sexual sadism disorder
155:Sexual sadism disorder
86:Differential diagnosis
32:Sexual sadism disorder
1363:Psychopathy Checklist
1242:Anti-social behaviour
1014:. Chicago, Illinois:
1010:Hunt, Morton (1974).
910:Barbaree, Howard E.;
147:pornography addiction
1338:Juvenile delinquency
1085:(4). New York City:
971:(2). New York City:
751:Taylor & Francis
706:(5). New York City:
569:(2). New York City:
298:Previous terminology
1399:George E. Partridge
1044:Pomeroy, Wardell B.
629:. pp. 589–614.
362:, callousness, and
217:algolagnic disorder
192:Current terminology
1394:Hervey M. Cleckley
1287:Pathological lying
1257:Diminished empathy
1095:10.1007/BF01550846
959:Krueger, Robert F.
271:Preferential Rape.
131:genital mutilation
1412:
1411:
1387:Notable theorists
1173:
1172:
875:Hazelwood, Roy E.
749:. New York City:
152:
151:
139:child pornography
26:Medical condition
1432:
1343:Machiavellianism
1323:Conduct disorder
1226:In the workplace
1200:
1193:
1186:
1177:
1176:
1127:
1126:
1115:
1114:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1052:Gebhard, Paul H.
1048:Martin, Clyde E.
1036:
1030:
1029:
1007:
1001:
1000:
955:
946:
945:
912:Seto, Michael C.
907:
901:
900:
867:
856:
849:
843:
836:
830:
823:
817:
810:
804:
797:
791:
784:
778:
771:
765:
764:
742:
736:
735:
694:Seto, Michael C.
686:
680:
679:
637:
631:
630:
618:
607:
606:
556:
550:
549:
538:
532:
531:
490:
484:
483:
460:
143:sexual addiction
115:conduct disorder
60:
59:
29:
28:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1382:
1348:Macdonald triad
1306:
1235:Characteristics
1230:
1209:
1204:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1138:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1073:
1069:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1008:
1004:
956:
949:
926:SAGE Publishing
908:
904:
868:
859:
850:
846:
837:
833:
824:
820:
811:
807:
798:
794:
785:
781:
772:
768:
761:
753:. p. 145.
743:
739:
687:
683:
638:
634:
619:
610:
557:
553:
540:
539:
535:
491:
487:
480:
462:
461:
450:
445:
425:Marquis de Sade
401:
377:) to moderate (
352:
300:
194:
189:
181:Marquis de Sade
123:sexual bullying
99:sexual grooming
95:sexual coercion
54:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1438:
1428:
1427:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1404:Robert D. Hare
1401:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1311:Related topics
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1297:Shallow affect
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1180:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1155:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:Classification
1123:
1122:External links
1120:
1117:
1116:
1067:
1062:W. B. Saunders
1031:
1025:978-0872233935
1024:
1002:
947:
902:
871:Dietz, Park E.
857:
844:
831:
818:
805:
792:
779:
766:
760:978-1420043082
759:
737:
681:
632:
608:
551:
533:
498:Blanchard, Ray
485:
478:
447:
446:
444:
441:
440:
439:
433:
428:
422:
417:
412:
407:
400:
397:
371:hyperdominance
360:hypersexuality
351:
348:
326:
325:
322:
319:
299:
296:
292:hyperdominance
279:have included
193:
190:
188:
185:
159:sexual arousal
150:
149:
88:
82:
81:
71:Sexual torture
68:
62:
61:
48:
42:
41:
38:
34:
33:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1437:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1277:Lack of guilt
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1040:Kinsey, Alred
1035:
1027:
1021:
1017:
1016:Playboy Press
1013:
1006:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
965:
960:
954:
952:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
918:
913:
906:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:
876:
872:
866:
864:
862:
854:
848:
841:
835:
828:
822:
815:
809:
802:
796:
789:
783:
776:
770:
762:
756:
752:
748:
741:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
700:
695:
691:
685:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
644:
636:
628:
624:
617:
615:
613:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
563:
555:
547:
543:
537:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
504:
499:
495:
489:
481:
479:9780890425541
475:
471:
467:
466:
459:
457:
455:
453:
448:
437:
434:
432:
429:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
402:
396:
393:
390:
386:
384:
381:) to severe (
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
356:
347:
344:
340:
337:
336:Sexual sadism
333:
330:
323:
320:
317:
316:
315:
311:
309:
304:
303:Sexual sadism
295:
293:
289:
285:
282:
277:
273:
272:
268:
265:
263:
257:
256:
251:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
227:Sadomasochism
224:
222:
218:
215:, called an "
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
184:
182:
179:
175:
174:
169:
164:
160:
156:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
111:sadomasochism
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
89:
87:
83:
80:
76:
72:
69:
67:
66:Complications
63:
58:
52:
49:
47:
43:
39:
35:
30:
22:
1372:
1282:Manipulative
1262:Disinhibited
1157:
1142:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1055:
1034:
1011:
1005:
968:
962:
921:
915:
905:
884:
878:
852:
847:
839:
834:
826:
821:
813:
808:
800:
795:
787:
782:
774:
769:
746:
740:
703:
697:
690:Freund, Kurt
684:
647:
641:
635:
622:
566:
560:
554:
536:
507:
501:
494:Freund, Kurt
488:
463:
410:Biastophilia
394:
391:
387:
382:
378:
374:
370:
368:
357:
353:
341:
335:
334:
328:
327:
312:
307:
302:
301:
291:
287:
283:
280:
274:
270:
266:
262:Biastophilia
260:
253:
252:
246:
242:
226:
225:
220:
196:
195:
171:
167:
154:
153:
127:sexual abuse
107:prostitution
77:, sometimes
1425:Paraphilias
1292:Remorseless
1207:Psychopathy
1089:: 303–317.
975:: 325–345.
928:: 195–114.
891:: 163–178.
710:: 433–443.
654:: 405–410.
573:: 411–418.
420:Lust murder
364:psychopathy
213:paraphilias
163:humiliation
135:pornography
37:Other names
1378:Sociopathy
1353:Narcissism
1328:Dark triad
1221:In fiction
579:B005254JMI
443:References
310:in DSM-5.
103:paraphilia
51:Psychology
1272:Impulsive
1267:Grandiose
942:143781842
652:Routledge
514:: 79–92.
512:Routledge
436:Zoosadism
247:masochism
237:) of the
207:) of the
178:libertine
46:Specialty
1419:Category
1214:Contexts
1111:31730499
1054:(1953).
997:11495623
989:19997774
777:369-379.
732:29294017
708:Springer
676:23939195
668:19795203
603:17557633
595:19941047
472:. 2013.
399:See also
350:Features
79:homicide
1252:Callous
1164:D012448
1103:4051718
897:2372577
724:9795725
548:. 2007.
528:3723606
119:torture
1109:
1101:
1022:
995:
987:
940:
895:
757:
730:
722:
674:
666:
601:
593:
577:
526:
476:
329:Sadism
243:sadism
235:ICD-10
173:sadist
168:sadism
53:
1153:F65.5
1107:S2CID
993:S2CID
938:S2CID
728:S2CID
672:S2CID
599:S2CID
205:DSM-5
1247:Bold
1159:MeSH
1099:PMID
1020:ISBN
985:PMID
893:PMID
755:ISBN
720:PMID
664:PMID
591:PMID
575:ASIN
524:PMID
474:ISBN
375:BDSM
286:and
276:BDSM
269:and
245:and
170:and
91:Rape
75:rape
21:BDSM
1144:ICD
1091:doi
977:doi
930:doi
712:doi
656:doi
583:doi
516:doi
373:or
1421::
1162::
1151::
1148:10
1105:.
1097:.
1083:14
1081:.
1050:;
1046:;
1042:;
1018:.
991:.
983:.
969:39
967:.
950:^
936:.
922:21
920:.
885:18
883:.
873:;
860:^
726:.
718:.
704:27
702:.
692:;
670:.
662:.
648:39
646:.
611:^
597:.
589:.
581:.
567:39
565:.
544:.
522:.
508:12
506:.
496:;
451:^
366:.
145:,
141:,
137:,
133:,
129:,
125:,
121:,
117:,
113:,
109:,
105:,
101:,
97:,
93:,
73:,
1199:e
1192:t
1185:v
1146:-
1136:D
1113:.
1093::
1064:.
1028:.
999:.
979::
944:.
932::
899:.
763:.
734:.
714::
678:.
658::
605:.
585::
530:.
518::
482:.
264:,
233:(
203:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
