Sasikanth Manipatruni

432:, micro-ring modulator research led to demonstration of a number of firsts in long-distance uses of silicon photonics utilizing silicon based injection mode electro-optic modulators including first demonstration of long-haul transmission using silicon microring modulators first Error-free transmission of microring-modulated BPSK, First Demonstration of 80-km Long-Haul Transmission of 12.5-Gb/s Data Using Silicon Microring Resonator Electro-Optic Modulator, First Experimental Bit-Error-Rate Validation of 12.5-Gb/s Silicon Modulator Enabling Photonic Networks-on-Chip. These academic results have been applied into products widely deployed at Cisco, Intel. 413:

the electronics industry to be adopted for photonics/optics industry. This the foundational argument used by silicon electro-optics researchers. This work was paralleled closely at leading industrial research groups at Intel, IBM and Luxtera during 2005–2010 with industry adopting and improving various methods developed at academic research labs. Manipatruni's work showed that it is practically possible to develop free carrier injection modulators (in contrast to carrier depletion modulators) to reach high speed modulation by engineering injection of free carriers via pre-amplification and back-to-back connected injection mode devices.

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in device energy and density), mathematical scaling (using information theoretic improvements to allow higher error rate as devices scale to thermodynamic limits) and complexity scaling (architectural scaling that moves from distinct memory & logic units to AI based architectures). Combining Shannon inspired computing allows the physical stochastic errors inherent in highly scaled devices to be mitigated by information theoretic techniques.

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once the momentum of light is taken into account inside a movable media this need not be true in all cases. This work proposed that breaking of the reciprocity (i.e. properties of media for forward and backward moving light can be violated) is observable in microscale optomechanical systems due to their small mass, low mechanical losses and high amplification of light due to long confinement times.

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d) Spin current tensor is reduced to a spin current vector when a direction is implied by a branch of the circuit. The current and the voltages in a spin circuit are 4 component vectors carrying both the scalar current/voltage quantities and vector spin current/voltage quantities. The linearity of the circuit implies that the connecting branch is described by a 4X4 spin conductance matrix.

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Working with Jian-Ping Wang, Manipatruni and collaborators were able to show evidence of a 4th elemental ferro-magnet. Given the rarity of ferro-magnetic materials in elemental form at room temperature, use of a less rare element can help with the adoption of permanent magnet based driven systems for

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materials, whose engineering lags silicon industry by several decades (judged by number of wafers and devices produced per year). By showing that silicon can be used as a material to turn light signal on and off, silicon electro-optic modulators allow for use of high-quality engineering developed for

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Rakowski, Michal; Meagher, Colleen; Nummy, Karen; Aboketaf, Abdelsalam; Ayala, Javier; Bian, Yusheng; Harris, Brendan; Mclean, Kate; McStay, Kevin; Sahin, Asli; Medina, Louis; Peng, Bo; Sowinski, Zoey; Stricker, Andy; Houghton, Thomas; Hedges, Crystal; Giewont, Ken; Jacob, Ajey; Letavic, Ted; Riggs,

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The back-end of CMOS comprises multiple layers of metal wires separated by a dielectric. Tus making logic devices between these layers requires starting with an amorphous layer and a template for growth of the functional materials. How to integrate the magnetic/FE/MF materials in the back-end of the

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This ratio is universally optimal for a ferro-electric material and compared favorably to spintronic and CMOS switching elements such as MOS transistors and BJTs. The framework (adopted by SIA decadal plan) describes a unified computing framework that uses physical scaling (physics-based improvement

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for the development of logic computing devices for computational nodes beyond the existing limits to silicon-based transistors. He developed an extended modified nodal analysis that uses vector circuit theory for spin-based currents and voltages using modified nodal analysis which allows the use of

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Conceptual diagram of two nodes in a circuit connected by a conductance branch: a) two nodes connected by a scalar conductance in a regular circuit; b) two nodes connected by a spin conductance in a spin circuit. c) Conceptual diagram of a spin current tensor when a spin current flows in a 3D space.

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facility. The use of optical transduction of the MRI signals can allow significantly higher signal collection arrays within the MRI system increasing the signal throughput, reducing the time to collect the image and overall reduction of the weight of the coils and cost of MRI imaging by reducing the

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leads to non-reciprocity in micro cavity opto-mechanics in 2009 in the classical electro-magnetic domain without the use of magnetic isolators. In classical Newtonian optics, it was understood that light rays must be able to retrace their path through a given combination of optical media. However,

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have projected a roadmap that required the use of Silicon micro-ring modulators to meet the bandwidth, linear bandwidth density (bandwidth/cross section length) and area bandwidth density (bandwidth/area) of on-die communication links. While originally considered thermally unstable, by early 2020's

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Manipatruni proposed that spintronic and multiferroic systems are leading candidates for achieving attojoule-class logic gates for computing, thereby enabling the continuation of Moore's law for transistor scaling. However, shifting the materials focus of computing towards oxides and topological

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Later work has established the breaking of reciprocity in a number of nanophotonic conditions including time modulation and parametric effects in cavities. Manipatruni and Lipson have also applied the nascent devices in silicon photonics to optical synchronization and generation of non-classical

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Korgaonkar, K., Bhati, I., Liu, H., Gaur, J., Manipatruni, S., Subramoney, S., Karnik, T., Swanson, S., Young, I. and Wang, H., 2018, June. Density tradeoffs of non-volatile memory as a replacement for SRAM based last level cache. In 2018 ACM/IEEE 45th Annual International Symposium on Computer

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Manipatruni's PhD thesis was focused on developing the then nascent field of silicon photonics by progressively scaling the speed of electro-optic modulation from 1 GHz to 12.5 Gbit/s, 18 Gbit/s and 50 Gbit/s on a single physical optical channel driven by a silicon photonic

417: 1385:, Nikonov, and Manipatruni have provided a list of 10 outstanding problems in quantum materials as they pertain to computational devices. These problems have been subsequently addressed in numerous research works leading to various improved device properties for a future computer technology 1176:. The continued slow down the Moore's law as evidenced by slow down of the voltage scaling, lithographic node scaling and increasing cost per wafer and complexity of the fabs indicated that Moore's law as it existed in the 2000-2010 era has changed to a less aggressive scaling paradigm. 5877:

Sato, Noriyuki; Allen, Gary A.; Benson, William P.; Buford, Benjamin; Chakraborty, Atreyee; Christenson, Michael; Gosavi, Tanay A.; Heil, Philip E.; Kabir, Nafees A.; Krist, Brian J.; O'Brien, Kevin P.; Oguz, Kaan; Patil, Rohan R.; Pellegren, James; Smith, Angeline K. (June 2020).

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logic is a design using this methodology for a new logical component that couples magneto-electric effect and spin orbit effects. Compared to CMOS, MESO circuits could potentially require less energy for switching, lower operating voltage, and a higher integration density.

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Pham, V.T., Groen, I., Manipatruni, S., Choi, W.Y., Nikonov, D.E., Sagasta, E., Lin, C.C., Gosavi, T.A., Marty, A., Hueso, L.E. and Young, I.A., 2020. Spin–orbit magnetic state readout in scaled ferromagnetic/heavy metal nanostructures. Nature Electronics, 3(6),

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Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Lin, Chia-Ching; Gosavi, Tanay A.; Liu, Huichu; Prasad, Bhagwati; Huang, Yen-Lin; Bonturim, Everton; Ramesh, Ramamoorthy; Young, Ian A. (January 2019). "Scalable energy-efficient magnetoelectric spin–orbit logic".

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How to transfer the state of a magnet/FE over long distances on scaled wire sizes (<30-nm-wide wires with pitch <60 nm)? In particular, how to improve the spin diffusion interconnects in non-magnetic conductors and magnon interconnects in magnetic

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Chen, Z., Chen, Z., Kuo, C.Y., Tang, Y., Dedon, L.R., Li, Q., Zhang, L., Klewe, C., Huang, Y.L., Prasad, B. and Farhan, A., 2018. Complex strain evolution of polar and magnetic order in multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films. Nature communications, 9(1),

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Manipatruni, S., Nikonov, D.E., Lin, C.C., Prasad, B., Huang, Y.L., Damodaran, A.R., Chen, Z., Ramesh, R. and Young, I.A., 2018. Voltage control of unidirectional anisotropy in ferromagnet-multiferroic system. Science advances, 4(11),

851:{\displaystyle E_{switch_{O}ptical_{L}ink}>\hbar \omega .V_{receive}.C_{d}.10^{L*\alpha /10}/(\eta _{L}\eta _{D}\eta _{M}\eta _{C}e)+(V_{m}\Theta \Delta .T)/((dn/d\rho )(dT/dn))+(2/B)P_{tune}\Delta \lambda +E_{SD}*(B/(2F_{clock}))} 3644: 1135:

transition metals Manipatruni proposed an integrated spin-hall effect memory (Later named Spin-Orbit Memory to comprehend the complex interplay of interface and bulk components of the spin current generation) combined with modern

1120:. Manipatruni's spin circuit models were extensively applied for development of spin logic circuits, spin interconnects, domain wall interconnects and benchmarking logic and memory devices utilizing spin and magnetic circuits. 1413:

What is the right combination of materials/order parameters for practical magnetoelectric switching (for example, multiferroic FE/antiferromagnet (AFM) plus FM, paraelectric/AFM plus FM, piezoelectric plus magnetostriction)?

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How to detect the state of a magnet/ferroelectric with high read-out voltage >100 mV? For inverse spin–orbit effects, such as the spin galvanic effect/Edelstein effect, how to achieve λIREE > 10 nm with high

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How to utilize the extreme scaling (with size, logic efficiency and three-dimensional integration) feasible with spin/FE devices in a computer architecture in order to achieve 10 billion switches per chip18,19

3806:, Manipatruni, Sasikanth & Hardy, Christopher Judson, "Nanophotonic system for optical data and power transmission in medical imaging systems", published 2012-06-14, assigned to 1626: 6381: 6355: 5481:

Miron, Ioan Mihai; Garello, Kevin; Gaudin, Gilles; Zermatten, Pierre-Jean; Costache, Marius V.; Auffret, Stéphane; Bandiera, Sébastien; Rodmacq, Bernard; Schuhl, Alain; Gambardella, Pietro (August 2011).

3784:, Hardy, Christopher Judson & Manipatruni, Sasikanth, "Photonic system and method for optical data transmission in medical imaging systems", published 2014-09-30, assigned to 1517:

Zhang, M., Wiederhecker, G.S., Manipatruni, S., Barnard, A., McEuen, P. and Lipson, M., 2012. Synchronization of micromechanical oscillators using light. Physical review letters, 109(23), p. 233906.

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Song, M. Y.; Lee, C. M.; Yang, S. Y.; Chen, G. L.; Chen, K. M.; Wang, I J.; Hsin, Y. C.; Chang, K. T.; Hsu, C. F.; Li, S. H.; Wei, J. H.; Lee, T. Y.; Chang, M. F.; Bao, X. Y.; Diaz, C. H. (June 2022).

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Chen, L., Preston, K., Manipatruni, S. and Lipson, M., 2009. Integrated GHz silicon photonic interconnect with micrometer-scale modulators and detectors. Optics express, 17(17), pp. 15248–15256.

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is the change in optical transmission, B is the bandwidth of the link, Ptune the power to keep the resonator operational and B the bandwidth of the link at F frequency of the data being serialized.

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Fang, M.Y.S., Manipatruni, S., Wierzynski, C., Khosrowshahi, A. and DeWeese, M.R., 2019. Design of optical neural networks with component imprecisions. Optics Express, 27(10), pp. 14009–14029.

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Manipatruni, S., Nikonov, D.E. and Young, I.A., 2012. Modeling and design of spintronic integrated circuits. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 59(12), pp. 2801–2814.

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Garello, K.; Yasin, F.; Couet, S.; Souriau, L.; Swerts, J.; Rao, S.; Van Beek, S.; Kim, W.; Liu, E.; Kundu, S.; Tsvetanova, D.; Croes, K.; Jossart, N.; Grimaldi, E.; Baumgartner, M. (June 2018).

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Ding, Ran; Baehr-Jones, Tom; Kim, Woo-Joong; Spott, Alexander; Fournier, Maryse; Fedeli, Jean-Marc; Huang, Su; Luo, Jingdong; Jen, Alex K.-Y.; Dalton, Larry; Hochberg, Michael (9 April 2011).

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Xu, Q., Manipatruni, S., Schmidt, B., Shakya, J. and Lipson, M., 2007. 12.5 Gbit/s carrier-injection-based silicon micro-ring silicon modulators. Optics express, 15(2), pp. 430–436.

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Manipatruni, S., Nikonov, D.E. and Young, I.A., 2014. Energy-delay performance of giant spin Hall effect switching for dense magnetic memory. Applied Physics Express, 7(10), p. 103001.

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Quarterman, P.; Sun, Congli; Garcia-Barriocanal, Javier; Dc, Mahendra; Lv, Yang; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Young, Ian A.; Voyles, Paul M.; Wang, Jian-Ping (25 May 2018).

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In 2016, Manipatruni and collaborators proposed a number of changes to the new logic device development by identifying the core criterion for the logic devices for utilization beyond the

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What are the timescales involved with magnetoelectric/ferroelectric (FE)/MF switching of a magnet/FE/MF at scaled sizes? How to overcome the Larmor precession timescale of a ferromagnet?

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are the electrooptic volume of the optical cavity being stabilized, refractive index change to carrier concentration and spectral sensitivity of the device to refractive index change

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Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Young, Ian A. (1 October 2014). "Voltage and Energy-Delay Performance of Giant Spin Hall Effect Switching for Magnetic Memory and Logic".

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How to switch a scaled magnet/polarization switch with low stochastic errors? What are the fundamental mechanisms governing the switching errors, fatigue for scaled FE/ME switching?

307:. The title of his thesis was "Scaling silicon nanophotonic interconnects : silicon electrooptic modulators, slowlight & optomechanical devices". His thesis advisors were 1846: 1272: 6113: 1240: 1295: 911: 3670: 1051: 6183: 3456: 965: 938: 6377: 6351: 6325: 4589:

Dutt, Avik; Luke, Kevin; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Gaeta, Alexander L.; Gaeta, Alexander L.; Nussenzveig, Paulo A.; Lipson, Michal; Lipson, Michal (17 June 2013).

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Dutt, A., Luke, K., Manipatruni, S., Gaeta, A.L., Nussenzveig, P. and Lipson, M., 2015. On-chip optical squeezing. Physical Review Applied, 3(4), p. 044005.

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Bonhomme, Phillip; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Iraei, Rouhollah M.; Rakheja, Shaloo; Chang, Sou-Chi; Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Young, Ian A.; Naeemi, Azad (9 May 2014).

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Horowitz, M. Computing's energy problem (and what we can do about it). In Solid-State Circuits Conference Digest of Technical Papers 2014 10–14 (IEEE, 2014)

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Srinivasan, Srikant; Diep, Vinh; Behin-Aein, Behtash; Sarkar, Angik; Datta, Supriyo (2013). "Modeling Multi-Magnet Networks Interacting Via Spin Currents".

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Manipatruni, S., Robinson, J.T. and Lipson, M., 2009. Optical nonreciprocity in optomechanical structures. Physical review letters, 102(21), p. 213903.

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What is the scaling dependence of spin–orbit detection of the state of a magnet? How to detect the state of a perpendicular magnet with spin–orbit effect?

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micro-ring modulators have received wide adoption for computing needs at Intel Ayar Labs, Global foundries and varied optical interconnect usages.

336: 5076:"Phase-dependent deterministic switching of magnetoelectric spin wave detector in the presence of thermal noise via compensation of demagnetization" 4382: 3621: 3312: 5970: 2995: 2118: 2059: 1995: 1470:

Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Lin, Chia-Ching; Gosavi, Tanay A.; Liu, Huichu; Prasad, Bhagwati; Huang, Yen-Lin; Bonturim, Everton;

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How to transduce a spintronic/multiferroic state to a photonic state (and vice versa) to enable very long-distance interconnects (>100 μm)67?

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Manipatruni, S., Nikonov, D.E. and Young, I.A., 2018. Beyond CMOS computing with spin and polarization. Nature Physics, 14(4), pp. 338–343

6000: 5880:"CMOS Compatible Process Integration of SOT-MRAM with Heavy-Metal Bi-Layer Bottom Electrode and 10ns Field-Free SOT Switching with STT Assist" 5791:, Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Nikonov, Dmitri & Young, Ian, "Spin hall effect memory", published 2016-03-08, assigned to 5456: 5426: 3478: 3273:

Padmaraju, Kishore; Ophir, Noam; Xu, Qianfan; Schmidt, Bradley; Shakya, Jagat; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Lipson, Michal; Bergman, Keren (2012).

2629: 2599: 1719: 1603: 1600:"Five Outstanding Innovators Under 40 Honored at the 54th Design Automation Conference | IEEE Council on Electronic Design Automation" 1148:. SOT-MRAM for SRAM replacement spurred significant research and development leading to successful demonstration of SOT-MRAM combined with 3867: 3369: 247:

Manipatruni is a co-author of 50 research papers and ~400 patents (cited about 7500 times ) in the areas of electro-optic modulators,

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Dutta, Sourav; Chang, Sou-Chi; Kani, Nickvash; Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Young, Ian A.; Naeemi, Azad (8 May 2015).

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Kittlaus, Eric A.; Jones, William M.; Rakich, Peter T.; Otterstrom, Nils T.; Muller, Richard E.; Rais-Zadeh, Mina (9 January 2021).

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Chang, Sou-Chi; Iraei, Rouhollah Mousavi; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Young, Ian A.; Naeemi, Azad (9 August 2014).

4667: 4498: 3701: 3558: 3426: 3182: 3125: 2814: 2238: 2187: 5396: 6423: 6105: 5620: 5103: 3726:"45nm CMOS - Silicon Photonics Monolithic Technology (45CLO) for next-generation, low power and high speed optical interconnects" 3336:"First Demonstration of 80-km Long-Haul Transmission of 12.5-Gb/S Data Using Silicon Microring Resonator Electro-Optic Modulator" 2956:

Liu, Ansheng; Liao, Ling; Rubin, Doron; Nguyen, Hat; Ciftcioglu, Berkehan; Chetrit, Yoel; Izhaky, Nahum; Paniccia, Mario (2007).

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Zhang, Mian; Wiederhecker, Gustavo S.; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Barnard, Arthur; McEuen, Paul; Lipson, Michal (5 December 2012).

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Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Young, Ian A. (April 2018). "Beyond CMOS computing with spin and polarization".

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Buchbinder, S.; Wang, R.; Kramnik, D.; Van Orden, D.; Khilo, A.; Fini, J.; Sun, C.; Wade, M.; Stojanović, V. (9 May 2022).

3448: 2934: 2502:"Scaling silicon nanophotonic interconnects : silicon electrooptic modulators, slowlight & optomechanical devices" 1443:

How to utilize stochastic switches (spin/FE) operating near practical thermodynamic conditions in a computing architecture?

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Dutt, Avik; Luke, Kevin; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Gaeta, Alexander L.; Nussenzveig, Paulo; Lipson, Michal (13 April 2015).

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Scaling silicon nanophotonic interconnects : silicon electrooptic modulators, slowlight & optomechanical devices

263:. His work has appeared in Nature, Nature Physics, Nature communications, Science advances and Physical Review Letters. 6413: 276: 5766: 1112:

spin components inside VLSI designs used widely in the industry. The circuit modeling is based on theoretical work by

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Ahmed, Ibrahim; Zhao, Zhengyang; Mankalale, Meghna G.; Sapatnekar, Sachin S.; Wang, Jian-Ping; Kim, Chris H. (2017).

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due to the use of large single crystal wafers and extraordinary control of the quality of the interfaces. However,

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to improve the signal collection rate from the MRI machines via the signal collection coils while working at the

4732:"A Comparative Study Between Spin-Transfer-Torque and Spin-Hall-Effect Switching Mechanisms in PMTJ Using SPICE" 3393:"First Experimental Bit-Error-Rate Validation of 12.5-Gb/S Silicon Modulator Enabling Photonic Networks-on-Chip" 1191:

The Manipatruni-Nikonov-Young Figure-of-Merit for computational quantum materials is defined as the ratio of "

6080:"Researchers Discover 4th Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic Element: Ruthenium | Materials Science, Physics" 1678: 4595:

The Rochester Conferences on Coherence and Quantum Optics and the Quantum Information and Measurement meeting

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Biberman, Aleksandr; Ophir, Noam; Bergman, Keren; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Chen, Long; Lipson, Michal (2010).

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Biberman, Aleksandr; Ophir, Noam; Bergman, Keren; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Chen, Long; Lipson, Michal (2010).

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Biberman, Aleksandr; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Ophir, Noam; Chen, Long; Lipson, Michal; Bergman, Keren (2010).

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is the reversal of the order parameter such as ferro-electric polarization or magnetization of the material"

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Dong, Po; Preble, Stefan F.; Robinson, Jacob T.; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Lipson, Michal (25 January 2008).

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component. The significance of silicon for optical uses can be understood as follows: nearly 95% of modern

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Dutta, Sourav; Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Young, Ian A.; Naeemi, Azad (9 November 2015).

4917: 3205: 2837: 1816: 1619:"Innovative Young Engineers Selected to Participate in NAE's 2019 U.S. Frontiers of Engineering Symposium" 6408: 4328: 3803: 3671:"Intel: Advances in silicon photonics can break the I/O "power wall" with less energy, higher throughput" 3585: 2476: 2443:"Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana (KVPY) - Scholarships for students interested in science as a career" 1579: 1457: 1149: 1141: 1137: 401: 280: 141: 80: 62: 6276:

Patil, Ameya D.; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Young, Ian A.; Shanbhag, Naresh R. (2019).

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Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Dokania, Rajeev K.; Schmidt, Bradley; Sherwood-Droz, Nicolás; Poitras, Carl B.;

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Manipatruni received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering with minor in applied engineering physics from

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IEEE/ACM Young Innovator Award, National Academy of Engineering Frontiers award, SRC Mahboob Khan Award

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Shanbhag, Naresh R.; Verma, Naveen; Kim, Yongjune; Patil, Ameya D.; Varshney, Lav R. (9 January 2019).

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Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Xu, Qianfan; Schmidt, Bradley; Shakya, Jagat; Lipson, Michal (9 October 2007).

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Dutta, Sourav; Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Young, Ian A.; Naeemi, Azad (15 May 2017).

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Xu, Qianfan; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Schmidt, Brad; Shakya, Jagat; Lipson, Michal (22 January 2007).

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in 2005 where he graduated with the institute silver medal. He also completed research under the

100: 1400:

How to switch a magnetic/multiferroic (MF) state in volume of 1,000 nm with a stability of 100 k

6468: 6428: 5484:"Perpendicular switching of a single ferromagnetic layer induced by in-plane current injection" 1030: 1543:

Pipeline circuit architecture to provide in-memory computation functionality, US20190057050A1

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Shanbhag, Naresh R.; Verma, Naveen; Kim, Yongjune; Patil, Ameya D.; Varshney, Lav R. (2019).

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Liu, Luqiao; Pai, Chi-Feng; Li, Y.; Tseng, H. W.; Ralph, D. C.; Buhrman, R. A. (4 May 2012).

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Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Xu, Qianfan; Schmidt, Bradley; Shakya, Jagat; Lipson, Michal (2007).

376: 225: 1474:; Young, Ian A. (2018-12-03). "Scalable energy-efficient magnetoelectric spin–orbit logic". 6478: 6463: 6289: 6157: 6035: 5718: 5580: 5495: 5272: 5197: 5138: 5087: 5028: 4939: 4870: 4792: 4743: 4702: 4543: 4521: 4417: 4350: 4275: 4208: 4139: 4070: 4009: 3962: 3597: 3534: 3335: 3286: 3217: 3101: 3030: 2969: 2918: 2849: 2731: 2664: 2343: 2283: 2261: 2163: 2094: 2035: 1963: 1889: 1564: 1057: 943: 916: 344: 248: 217: 197: 92: 3997: 3893: 2718:

Xu, Qianfan; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Schmidt, Brad; Shakya, Jagat; Lipson, Michal (2007).

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LEOS 2007 - IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings

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LEOS 2007 - IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings

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materials requires a holistic approach addressing energy, stochasticity and complexity.

6307: 6258: 6175: 6056: 6023: 5962: 5905: 5847: 5819: 5758: 5708: 5677: 5651: 5612: 5570: 5527: 5388: 5370: 5339: 5293: 5262: 5250: 5231: 5218: 5185: 5154: 5044: 4955: 4929: 4837: 4813: 4780: 4761: 4659: 4559: 4533: 4490: 4433: 4374: 4340: 4309: 4296: 4263: 4232: 4198: 4155: 4129: 4118:"Electrically driven acousto-optics and broadband non-reciprocity in silicon photonics" 4086: 4060: 3978: 3919: 3859: 3751: 3586:"Wide temperature range operation of micrometer-scale silicon electro-optic modulators" 3550: 3524: 3418: 3361: 3243: 3174: 3117: 3091: 2875: 2806: 2688: 2406: 2359: 2299: 2273: 2230: 2179: 2153: 2083:"Inducing Photonic Transitions between Discrete Modes in a Silicon Optical Microcavity" 1987: 1953: 1546:

Low synch dedicated accelerator with in-memory computation capability, US20190056885A1

1471: 1117: 1082: 1069: 393: 328: 304: 221: 133: 50: 5558: 5075: 3149:"High Speed Carrier Injection 18 Gb/s Silicon Micro-ring Electro-optic Modulator" 2781:"High Speed Carrier Injection 18 Gb/S Silicon Micro-ring Electro-optic Modulator" 6311: 6061: 5966: 5952: 5909: 5895: 5837: 5792: 5750: 5742: 5669: 5604: 5596: 5531: 5519: 5511: 5298: 5223: 4959: 4886: 4818: 4606: 4480: 4437: 4366: 4301: 4236: 4224: 4159: 4117: 4090: 3982: 3974: 3909: 3851: 3755: 3741: 3613: 3408: 3351: 3304: 3235: 3164: 3121: 3048: 2987: 2867: 2796: 2749: 2680: 2410: 2398: 2363: 2110: 2051: 1979: 1907: 1574: 1487: 241: 233: 96: 84: 6262: 6179: 5851: 5762: 5681: 5343: 5158: 4663: 4563: 4555: 4494: 4405: 4378: 4313: 3923: 3898:

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/International Quantum Electronics Conference

3863: 3422: 3247: 3178: 2810: 2295: 2234: 1274:

energy of thermodynamic stability of the materials compared to vacuum energy, where

396:

technology is based on silicon-based semiconductors which have high productivity in

271:

Manipatruni received a bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering and Physics from

6297: 6248: 6165: 6051: 6043: 5944: 5887: 5829: 5734: 5726: 5661: 5588: 5503: 5392: 5380: 5329: 5288: 5280: 5235: 5213: 5205: 5146: 5095: 5048: 5036: 4947: 4878: 4808: 4800: 4751: 4710: 4691:"Vector spin modeling for magnetic tunnel junctions with voltage dependent effects" 4651: 4598: 4551: 4472: 4425: 4358: 4291: 4283: 4216: 4147: 4078: 4017: 3970: 3901: 3843: 3733: 3605: 3554: 3542: 3400: 3365: 3343: 3294: 3225: 3156: 3109: 3038: 2977: 2926: 2879: 2857: 2788: 2739: 2692: 2672: 2390: 2351: 2303: 2291: 2222: 2183: 2171: 2106: 2102: 2047: 2043: 1991: 1975: 1971: 1897: 1483: 1132: 1124: 1065: 170: 5941:

2022 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits)

5695:

Manchon, A.; Koo, H. C.; Nitta, J.; Frolov, S. M.; Duine, R. A. (September 2015).

5616: 5359:"Overview of Beyond-CMOS Devices and a Uniform Methodology for Their Benchmarking" 5186:"Non-volatile Clocked Spin Wave Interconnect for Beyond-CMOS Nanomagnet Pipelines" 4951: 4857:

Behin-Aein, Behtash; Datta, Deepanjan; Salahuddin, Sayeef; Datta, Supriyo (2010).

4765: 3206:"First demonstration of long-haul transmission using silicon microring modulators" 1389:. The top problems listed as milestones and challenges for logic are as follows: 2958:"High-speed optical modulation based on carrier depletion in a silicon waveguide" 2501: 1847:"High speed carrier injection 18 Gb/s silicon micro-ring electro-optic modulator" 356: 320: 312: 288: 179: 158: 6170: 4858: 3698:"Silicon Microring Modulator for High SFDR Analog Links in Monolithic 45nm CMOS" 3017:

Green, William M.; Rooks, Michael J.; Sekaric, Lidija; Vlasov, Yurii A. (2007).

1098: 6302: 6277: 6253: 6236: 6047: 5879: 5833: 5811: 5384: 5358: 5334: 5317: 5284: 5126: 5016: 4756: 4731: 4639: 4464: 4151: 3697: 3546: 3512: 3148: 3079: 2906: 2780: 2531: 2442: 2210: 2175: 2141: 1648: 372: 332: 260: 193: 6326:"Pipeline circuit architecture to provide in-memory computation functionality" 5483: 4655: 4429: 4186: 3160: 2792: 2652: 2394: 2355: 2226: 1741: 6402: 5937:"High speed (1ns) and low voltage (1.5V) demonstration of 8Kb SOT-MRAM array" 5746: 5673: 5600: 5515: 5150: 5040: 5017:"Design and Analysis of Copper and Aluminum Interconnects for All-Spin Logic" 3347: 3113: 2930: 2651:

Xu, Qianfan; Schmidt, Bradley; Pradhan, Sameer; Lipson, Michal (9 May 2005).

2209:

Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Young, Ian A. (9 December 2012).

1569: 1559: 1157: 1153: 1113: 425: 348: 324: 316: 308: 252: 201: 175: 6278:"Error-Resilient Spintronics via the Shannon- Inspired Model of Computation" 5592: 4463:

Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Wiederhecker, Gustavo; Lipson, Michal (9 May 2011).

3905: 2260:

Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Young, Ian A. (7 January 2016).

6065: 5754: 5696: 5608: 5523: 5302: 5227: 4890: 4822: 4602: 4476: 4370: 4305: 4228: 4021: 3847: 3737: 3617: 3581: 3308: 3239: 3052: 2991: 2871: 2753: 2684: 2402: 2114: 2055: 1983: 1911: 1878:"12.5 Gbit/s carrier-injection-based silicon micro-ring silicon modulators" 1382: 1173: 352: 6282:

IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits

6205: 6024:"Demonstration of Ru as the 4th ferromagnetic element at room temperature" 5812:"SOT-MRAM 300MM Integration for Low Power and Ultrafast Embedded Memories" 5665: 4882: 4736:

IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits

3892:

Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Robinson, Jacob T.; Lipson, Michal (31 May 2009).

3855: 3513:"Device Scaling Considerations for Nanophotonic CMOS Global Interconnects" 3404: 2720:"125 Gbit/S carrier-injection-based silicon micro-ring silicon modulators" 2424: 2142:"Device Scaling Considerations for Nanophotonic CMOS Global Interconnects" 2022:

Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Robinson, Jacob T.; Lipson, Michal (29 May 2009).

4934: 4362: 4082: 3609: 3299: 3230: 3080:"Sub-Volt Silicon-Organic Electro-optic Modulator With 500 MHz Bandwidth" 3043: 2982: 2862: 2744: 2561: 1902: 1768:"New quantum materials could take computers beyond the semiconductor era" 1386: 1108: 868:

The optimal energy of an on-die optical link is written as : where

364: 340: 256: 237: 189: 88: 76: 5738: 5507: 4287: 4220: 2676: 2425:"Sasi Manipatruni - Chief Technology Officer & Co-Founder - Startup" 1179: 864:

synchronization of mechanical vibrtions using optical radiation pressure

420:

a silicon micro ring modulator imaged with a surface electron microscope

6352:"Low synch dedicated accelerator with in-memory computation capability" 4779:

Camsari, Kerem Yunus; Ganguly, Samiran; Datta, Supriyo (11 June 2015).

3645:"Intel's micro-ring detector paves way to optical server interconnects" 137: 54: 5209: 5099: 4804: 4715: 4690: 3579: 2140:

Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Lipson, Michal; Young, Ian A. (9 March 2013).

1076: 5730: 4185:

Coulais, Corentin; Sounas, Dimitrios; Alù, Andrea (9 February 2017).

3019:"Ultra-compact, low RF power, 10 Gb/S silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator" 1131:

in heavy metals from Robert Buhrman, Daniel Ralph and Ioan Miron in

368: 272: 58: 1799:"Bringing energy-efficient MESO technology a step closer to reality" 1167: 5824: 5713: 5559:"Spin-Torque Switching with the Giant Spin Hall Effect of Tantalum" 5267: 4203: 4134: 4065: 1939: 860: 5656: 5575: 5375: 4842: 4689:

Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Young, Ian A. (2014).

4638:

Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Young, Ian A. (2012).

4538: 4345: 4329:"Optomechanically induced non-reciprocity in microring resonators" 3529: 3096: 2278: 2158: 1958: 913:

is the optimal detector voltage (maintaining the bit error rate),

416: 6021: 5127:"Circuit Simulation of Magnetization Dynamics and Spin Transport" 315:

at Cornell University. He has co-authored academic research with

1742:"DAC 2017 | DAC Pavilion: Under 40 Innovator Award Winners" 435: 5124: 4047:

Shaltout, Amr; Kildishev, Alexander; Shalaev, Vladimir (2015).

3390: 3333: 152: 6237:"Shannon-Inspired Statistical Computing for the Nanoscale Era" 5318:"Shannon-Inspired Statistical Computing for the Nanoscale Era" 4856: 4835: 4264:"Magnetic-free non-reciprocity based on staggered commutation" 3695: 2468: 4462: 4115: 3825: 2838:"Ultra high bandwidth WDM using silicon microring modulators" 2080: 1817:"WIPO - Search International and National Patent Collections" 1450: 441: 125: 6275: 5248: 5073: 5014: 4859:"Proposal for an all-spin logic device with built-in memory" 4729: 3722: 3203: 1942:"Synchronization of Micromechanical Oscillators Using Light" 1140:

transistors to address the growing difficulty with embedded

6106:"Ruthenium: the latest Ferromagnetic material on the block" 5480: 4644:

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers

4262:

Reiskarimian, Negar; Krishnaswamy, Harish (15 April 2016).

2836:

Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Chen, Long; Lipson, Michal (2010).

2379: 2215:

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers

1649:"2016 Mahboob Khan Outstanding Liaison Award Winners - SRC" 5251:"Overcoming thermal noise in non-volatile spin wave logic" 3146: 2778: 2717: 1875: 1394:

Problems of magnetic/ferro-electric/multiferroic switching

4465:"Long-range synchronization of optomechanical structures" 3891: 2021: 1417:

Problems of magnetic/multiferroic/ferroelectric detection

5809: 4588: 4519: 4261: 4046: 1797:

Community, Nature Portfolio Engineering (3 April 2020).

1081:

Manipatruni proposed the first observation that optical

5787: 5641: 4688: 4640:"Modeling and Design of Spintronic Integrated Circuits" 4637: 4469:

CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications

4049:"Time-varying metasurfaces and Lorentz non-reciprocity" 3272: 3077: 3016: 2333: 2259: 2211:"Modeling and Design of Spintronic Integrated Circuits" 2208: 1679:"Semiconductors Meet the Quantum Future and Vice Versa" 1183:

unified computing framework for logic beyond 2 nm nodes

3894:"Optical Non-Reciprocity in Optomechanical Structures" 3517:

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

3510: 3479:"Intel Silicon Photonics Optical Transceiver Products" 2650: 2146:

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

2139: 285:

Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics

216:

is an American engineer and inventor in the fields of

146:

Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics

6234: 5876: 5694: 5357:

Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Young, Ian A. (9 December 2013).

5315: 5183: 4404:

Sounas, Dimitrios L.; Alù, Andrea (9 December 2017).

3275:"Error-free transmission of microring-modulated BPSK" 2835: 2024:"Optical Nonreciprocity in Optomechanical Structures" 1369:{\displaystyle \lambda =E_{switching}/E(\pm \theta )} 1305: 1280: 1248: 1197: 1033: 973: 946: 919: 874: 453: 6146:"Chip Power Scaling in Recent CMOS Technology Nodes" 4187:"Static non-reciprocity in mechanical metamaterials" 3832:"The intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio in NMR imaging" 1464: 4778: 4406:"Non-reciprocal photonics based on time modulation" 1242:

energy to switch a device at room temperature" to "

1077:

Cavity optomechanics and optical radiation pressure

3724:Dave; Yu, Anthony; Pellerin, John (8 March 2020). 3511:Manipatruni, S.; Lipson, M.; Young, I. A. (2013). 2955: 2653:"Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator" 1368: 1289: 1266: 1234: 1045: 1019: 959: 932: 905: 850: 5697:"New perspectives for Rashba spin–orbit coupling" 4915: 3730:Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) 2020 1168:Computational logic devices and quantum materials 6400: 5476: 5474: 4184: 3830:; Hardy, C. J.; Redington, R. W. (August 1986). 3802: 3780: 1093: 5934: 1549:In-memory analog neural cache, US20190057304A1, 293:Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Zurich 5949:10.1109/VLSITechnologyandCir46769.2022.9830149 1090:beams of light using optical non-linearities. 5556: 5471: 2262:"Material Targets for Scaling All-Spin Logic" 1540:Architecture (ISCA) (pp. 315–327). IEEE. 1533: 436:Application for computing and medical imaging 232:. Manipatruni contributed to developments in 5356: 2904: 4597:. Optica Publishing Group. pp. M6.67. 3900:. Optica Publishing Group. pp. CThB3. 3732:. Optica Publishing Group. pp. T3H.3. 3642: 1404:T and an energy of 1 aJ ~ 6.25 eV ~ 240 kT? 266: 4916:Brataas, A.; Bauer, G.; Kelly, P. (2006). 4591:"Observation of On-Chip Optical Squeezing" 4326: 3995: 3449:"Optical Transceivers and Coherent Optics" 6301: 6252: 6169: 6055: 5823: 5712: 5655: 5574: 5374: 5333: 5292: 5266: 5217: 4933: 4841: 4812: 4755: 4714: 4537: 4403: 4344: 4295: 4202: 4133: 4064: 3528: 3340:National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference 3298: 3229: 3095: 3042: 2981: 2861: 2743: 2532:"Naresh Shanbhag – Selected Publications" 2277: 2157: 1957: 1901: 1796: 1060:applied integrated photonic links to the 440:Manipatruni, Lipson and collaborators at 259:, and new logic devices for extension of 5892:10.1109/VLSITechnology18217.2020.9265028 3998:"Reciprocity in Classical Linear Optics" 3887: 3885: 2496: 2494: 2375: 2373: 2017: 2015: 2013: 1935: 1933: 1449: 1428:Problems of interconnects and complexity 1178: 1097: 859: 415: 386: 16:American electrical engineer (born 1984) 6206:"Decadal Plan for Semiconductors - SRC" 6143: 5114:– via aip.scitation.org (Atypon). 2329: 2327: 2325: 1706: 1704: 1020:{\displaystyle \Theta ,dn/d\rho ,dT/dn} 6401: 5884:2020 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology 4327:Hafezi, Mohammad; Rabl, Peter (2012). 3948: 3397:Optical Fiber Communication Conference 1803:Nature Portfolio Engineering Community 6459:Scientists from Schenectady, New York 6444:Indian emigrants to the United States 5769:from the original on 25 December 2022 5623:from the original on 23 December 2022 5538:from the original on 25 December 2022 5459:from the original on 23 December 2022 5429:from the original on 23 December 2022 5131:IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 5021:IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 4444:from the original on 21 December 2022 3882: 3870:from the original on 13 December 2022 3624:from the original on 13 December 2022 3506: 3504: 3315:from the original on 13 December 2022 3254:from the original on 13 December 2022 3185:from the original on 13 December 2022 2998:from the original on 13 December 2022 2817:from the original on 13 December 2022 2632:from the original on 15 December 2022 2602:from the original on 15 December 2022 2572:from the original on 15 December 2022 2542:from the original on 15 December 2022 2491: 2370: 2010: 1930: 404:are still majorly manufactured using 6384:from the original on 4 December 2022 6358:from the original on 4 December 2022 6332:from the original on 4 December 2022 6216:from the original on 4 December 2022 6186:from the original on 4 December 2022 6116:from the original on 4 December 2022 6086:from the original on 4 December 2022 6003:from the original on 9 December 2022 5973:from the original on 16 January 2023 5916:from the original on 16 January 2023 5858:from the original on 16 January 2023 5816:2018 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Circuits 5165:from the original on 16 January 2023 5106:from the original on 4 December 2022 5055:from the original on 16 January 2023 4996:from the original on 4 December 2022 4966:from the original on 4 December 2022 4897:from the original on 7 December 2022 4670:from the original on 9 December 2022 4619:from the original on 4 December 2022 4570:from the original on 16 January 2023 4501:from the original on 16 January 2023 4385:from the original on 9 December 2022 4243:from the original on 4 December 2022 4166:from the original on 4 December 2022 4097:from the original on 9 December 2022 4028:from the original on 9 December 2022 3930:from the original on 4 December 2022 3762:from the original on 4 December 2022 3704:from the original on 16 January 2023 3677:from the original on 4 December 2022 3651:from the original on 4 December 2022 3561:from the original on 9 December 2022 3489:from the original on 4 December 2022 3459:from the original on 4 December 2022 3429:from the original on 4 December 2022 3372:from the original on 4 December 2022 3128:from the original on 16 January 2023 3059:from the original on 9 December 2022 2886:from the original on 9 December 2022 2760:from the original on 4 December 2022 2699:from the original on 4 December 2022 2512:from the original on 4 December 2022 2479:from the original on 4 December 2022 2449:from the original on 4 December 2022 2322: 2310:from the original on 16 January 2023 2241:from the original on 9 December 2022 2190:from the original on 9 December 2022 2121:from the original on 16 January 2023 2062:from the original on 16 January 2023 1998:from the original on 16 January 2023 1918:from the original on 4 December 2022 1857:from the original on 4 December 2022 1827:from the original on 16 January 2023 1778:from the original on 4 December 2022 1748:from the original on 4 December 2022 1722:from the original on 4 December 2022 1701: 1689:from the original on 4 December 2022 1671: 1659:from the original on 4 December 2022 1629:from the original on 9 December 2022 1123:In 2011, utilizing the discovery of 130:General Electric Research Laboratory 5399:from the original on 26 August 2017 2911:IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 2907:"Electrooptical effects in silicon" 13: 6144:Shahidi, Ghavam (1 January 2019). 5118: 4918:"Non-collinear magnetoelectronics" 3501: 2566:College of Science and Engineering 1034: 974: 778: 670: 667: 298: 277:Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana 14: 6490: 4781:"Modular Approach to Spintronics" 2937:from the original on 4 March 2023 1465:Selected publications and patents 523: 6370: 1146:Semiconductor process technology 967:is the modulator drive voltage, 398:Semiconductor device fabrication 230:semiconductor device fabrication 6434:21st-century American engineers 6378:"In-memory analog neural cache" 6344: 6318: 6269: 6228: 6198: 6137: 6128: 6098: 6072: 6015: 5985: 5928: 5870: 5803: 5781: 5688: 5635: 5550: 5441: 5411: 5350: 5309: 5242: 5177: 5067: 5008: 4978: 4909: 4850: 4829: 4772: 4723: 4682: 4631: 4582: 4556:10.1103/PhysRevApplied.3.044005 4513: 4456: 4397: 4320: 4255: 4178: 4109: 4040: 3989: 3942: 3819: 3796: 3774: 3716: 3689: 3663: 3636: 3573: 3471: 3441: 3384: 3327: 3266: 3197: 3140: 3084:Journal of Lightwave Technology 3071: 3010: 2949: 2905:Soref, R.; 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Sci-News.com. 29 May 2018. 4952:10.1016/j.physrep.2006.01.001 3804:US application 2012146646 1586: 1235:{\displaystyle E_{switching}} 1094:Memory and spintronic devices 255:& optical interconnects, 6419:American computer scientists 1756:– via www.youtube.com. 1486::10.1038/s41586-018-0770-2. 1150:Fin field-effect transistors 410:II-VI semiconductor compound 406:III-V compound semiconductor 402:Photonic integrated circuits 186:Other academic advisors 7: 6474:Computer hardware engineers 6171:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2885895 4627:– via opg.optica.org. 4522:"On-Chip Optical Squeezing" 4452:– via www.nature.com. 4251:– via www.nature.com. 4174:– via www.nature.com. 3938:– via opg.optica.org. 3770:– via opg.optica.org. 2707:– via www.nature.com. 1926:– via opg.optica.org. 1580:Magneto-Electric Spin-Orbit 1553: 1458:Magneto-electric spin-orbit 1290:{\displaystyle \pm \theta } 1142:Static random-access memory 1138:Fin field-effect transistor 906:{\displaystyle V_{receive}} 281:Indian Institute of Science 142:Indian Institute of Science 81:Magneto-Electric Spin-Orbit 63:Indian Institute of Science 10: 6495: 6303:10.1109/JXCDC.2019.2909912 6254:10.1109/JPROC.2018.2869867 6048:10.1038/s41467-018-04512-1 5834:10.1109/VLSIC.2018.8502269 5385:10.1109/JPROC.2013.2252317 5335:10.1109/JPROC.2018.2869867 5285:10.1038/s41598-017-01995-8 4757:10.1109/JXCDC.2017.2762699 4695:Journal of Applied Physics 4152:10.1038/s41566-020-00711-9 3996:Mansuripur, Masud (1998). 3975:10.1088/0034-4885/67/5/R03 3547:10.1109/JSTQE.2013.2239262 2506:Cornell University Library 2176:10.1109/JSTQE.2013.2239262 1534:AI and in-memory computing 1062:Magnetic resonance imaging 67:Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya 6414:Cornell University alumni 4656:10.1109/TCSI.2012.2206465 4430:10.1038/s41566-017-0051-x 4053:Optical Materials Express 4002:Optics and Photonics News 3584:; Lipson, Michal (2008). 3161:10.1109/LEOS.2007.4382517 2793:10.1109/LEOS.2007.4382517 2536:shanbhag.ece.illinois.edu 2395:10.1038/s41586-018-0770-2 2356:10.1038/s41567-018-0101-4 2227:10.1109/TCSI.2012.2206465 1046:{\displaystyle \Delta .T} 207: 185: 169: 151: 121: 114: 106: 72: 46: 38: 30: 23: 5407:– via IEEE Xplore. 5173:– via IEEE Xplore. 5151:10.1109/TED.2014.2305987 5063:– via IEEE Xplore. 5041:10.1109/TED.2014.2327057 4509:– via IEEE Xplore. 3808:General Electric Company 3786:General Electric Company 3712:– via IEEE Xplore. 3348:10.1364/NFOEC.2010.JWA28 3193:– via IEEE Xplore. 3136:– via IEEE Xplore. 3114:10.1109/JLT.2011.2122244 2931:10.1109/JQE.1987.1073206 2249:– via IEEE Xplore. 2198:– via IEEE Xplore. 361:Condensed matter physics 267:Early life and education 6439:Indian company founders 6241:Proceedings of the IEEE 5644:Applied Physics Express 5593:10.1126/science.1218197 5363:Proceedings of the IEEE 5322:Proceedings of the IEEE 5080:Applied Physics Letters 4526:Physical Review Applied 3951:"Reciprocity in optics" 3906:10.1364/CLEO.2009.CThB3 2266:Physical Review Applied 2087:Physical Review Letters 2028:Physical Review Letters 1946:Physical Review Letters 1712:"Sasikanth Manipatruni" 381:Artificial intelligence 101:Artificial intelligence 4603:10.1364/CQO.2013.M6.67 4477:10.1364/QELS.2011.QWI1 4022:10.1364/OPN.9.7.000053 3949:Potton, R. J. (2004). 3848:10.1002/mrm.1910030413 3738:10.1364/OFC.2020.T3H.3 1454: 1370: 1291: 1268: 1236: 1184: 1160:at various foundries. 1129:Spin–orbit interaction 1107:Manipatruni worked on 1104: 1047: 1021: 961: 940:detector capacitance, 934: 907: 865: 852: 421: 6028:Nature Communications 5666:10.7567/APEX.7.103001 4883:10.1038/nnano.2010.31 4863:Nature Nanotechnology 4268:Nature Communications 3405:10.1364/OFC.2010.OMI1 1453: 1371: 1292: 1269: 1237: 1182: 1101: 1048: 1022: 962: 960:{\displaystyle V_{m}} 935: 933:{\displaystyle C_{d}} 908: 863: 853: 419: 387:Silicon optical links 377:Computer architecture 355:, Jacob T. Robinson, 226:Materials Engineering 214:Sasikanth Manipatruni 25:Sasikanth Manipatruni 5943:. pp. 377–378. 4363:10.1364/OE.20.007672 4083:10.1364/OME.5.002459 3610:10.1364/OL.33.002185 3300:10.1364/OE.20.008681 3231:10.1364/OE.18.015544 3155:. pp. 537–538. 3044:10.1364/OE.15.017106 2983:10.1364/OE.15.000660 2863:10.1364/OE.18.016858 2787:. pp. 537–538. 2745:10.1364/OE.15.000430 1903:10.1364/OE.15.000430 1821:patentscope.wipo.int 1565:Christopher J. Hardy 1303: 1278: 1246: 1195: 1058:Christopher J. Hardy 1031: 971: 944: 917: 872: 451: 424:In combination with 345:Christopher J. Hardy 249:Cavity optomechanics 218:Computer engineering 198:Christopher J. Hardy 93:In-memory processing 6294:2019IJESS...5...10P 6162:2019IEEEA...7..851S 6040:2018NatCo...9.2058Q 5723:2015NatMa..14..871M 5585:2012Sci...336..555L 5508:10.1038/nature10309 5500:2011Natur.476..189M 5277:2017NatSR...7.1915D 5202:2015NatSR...5E9861D 5143:2014ITED...61.1553B 5092:2015ApPhL.107s2404D 5033:2014ITED...61.2905C 4944:2006PhR...427..157B 4875:2010NatNa...5..266B 4797:2015NatSR...510571C 4748:2017IJESS...3...74A 4707:2014JAP...115qB754M 4548:2015PhRvP...3d4005D 4422:2017NaPho..11..774S 4355:2012OExpr..20.7672H 4288:10.1038/ncomms11217 4280:2016NatCo...711217R 4221:10.1038/nature21044 4213:2017Natur.542..461C 4144:2021NaPho..15...43K 4075:2015OMExp...5.2459S 4014:1998OptPN...9...53M 3967:2004RPPh...67..717P 3602:2008OptL...33.2185M 3539:2013IJSTQ..1900109M 3291:2012OExpr..20.8681P 3222:2010OExpr..1815544B 3216:(15): 15544–15552. 3106:2011JLwT...29.1112D 3035:2007OExpr..1517106G 3029:(25): 17106–17113. 2974:2007OExpr..15..660L 2923:1987IJQE...23..123S 2854:2010OExpr..1816858M 2848:(16): 16858–16867. 2736:2007OExpr..15..430X 2677:10.1038/nature03569 2669:2005Natur.435..325X 2622:"Jacob T. Robinson" 2445:. Kvpy.iisc.ac.in. 2348:2018NatPh..14..338M 2288:2016PhRvP...5a4002M 2168:2013IJSTQ..1900109M 2099:2008PhRvL.100c3904D 2040:2009PhRvL.102u3903M 1968:2012PhRvL.109w3906Z 1894:2007OExpr..15..430X 1774:. 3 December 2018. 1164:electric vehicles. 430:Columbia University 6409:American engineers 5997:scholar.google.com 5818:. pp. 81–82. 5453:scholar.google.com 5423:scholar.google.com 5255:Scientific Reports 5190:Scientific Reports 4990:scholar.google.com 4785:Scientific Reports 3826:Edelstein, W. A.; 3816:, since abandoned. 3342:. pp. JWA28. 2626:scholar.google.com 2596:scholar.google.com 2473:control.ee.ethz.ch 1851:scholar.google.com 1716:scholar.google.com 1606:on 19 August 2017. 1472:Ramamoorthy Ramesh 1455: 1366: 1287: 1264: 1232: 1185: 1118:Gerrit E. W. Bauer 1105: 1083:radiation pressure 1070:GE Global Research 1043: 1017: 957: 930: 903: 866: 848: 422: 394:Integrated circuit 347:, Felix Casanova, 339:, Jian-Ping Wang, 329:Ramamoorthy Ramesh 305:Cornell University 222:Integrated circuit 134:Cornell University 51:Cornell University 6454:ETH Zurich alumni 5958:978-1-6654-9772-5 5901:978-1-7281-6460-1 5843:978-1-5386-4214-6 5793:Intel Corporation 5569:(6081): 555–558. 5494:(7359): 189–193. 5369:(12): 2498–2533. 5210:10.1038/srep09861 5100:10.1063/1.4935690 4805:10.1038/srep10571 4716:10.1063/1.4868495 4650:(12): 2801–2814. 4612:978-1-55752-978-7 4486:978-1-55752-910-7 4471:. pp. QWI1. 4197:(7642): 461–464. 3915:978-1-55752-869-8 3747:978-1-943580-71-2 3673:. 12 April 2021. 3643:SPIE Europe Ltd. 3596:(19): 2185–2187. 3414:978-1-55752-885-8 3399:. pp. OMI1. 3357:978-1-55752-884-1 3170:978-1-4244-0924-2 2802:978-1-4244-0924-2 2663:(7040): 325–327. 2221:(12): 2801–2814. 1575:Silicon photonics 1503:pp. 309–315. 379:and hardware for 242:quantum materials 234:silicon photonics 211: 210: 116:Scientific career 97:Quantum materials 85:Silicon photonics 6486: 6449:IIT Delhi alumni 6394: 6393: 6391: 6389: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6348: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6322: 6316: 6315: 6305: 6273: 6267: 6266: 6256: 6232: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6202: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6191: 6173: 6141: 6135: 6132: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6102: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6076: 6070: 6069: 6059: 6019: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6008: 5993:"Jian-Ping Wang" 5989: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5932: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5921: 5886:. pp. 1–2. 5874: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5863: 5827: 5807: 5801: 5800: 5799: 5795: 5785: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5731:10.1038/nmat4360 5716: 5701:Nature Materials 5692: 5686: 5685: 5659: 5639: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5578: 5554: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5478: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5419:"Robert Buhrman" 5415: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5378: 5354: 5348: 5347: 5337: 5313: 5307: 5306: 5296: 5270: 5246: 5240: 5239: 5221: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5137:(5): 1553–1560. 5122: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5071: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5027:(8): 2905–2911. 5012: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4986:"Google Scholar" 4982: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4937: 4935:cond-mat/0602151 4913: 4907: 4906: 4904: 4902: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4833: 4827: 4826: 4816: 4776: 4770: 4769: 4759: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4635: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4578:– via APS. 4577: 4575: 4541: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4410:Nature Photonics 4401: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4348: 4339:(7): 7672–7684. 4324: 4318: 4317: 4299: 4259: 4253: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4206: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4137: 4122:Nature Photonics 4113: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4068: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4033: 3993: 3987: 3986: 3946: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3889: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3823: 3817: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3800: 3794: 3793: 3792: 3788: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3720: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3700:. pp. 1–2. 3693: 3687: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3640: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3582:Apsel, Alyssa B. 3577: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3532: 3508: 3499: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3388: 3382: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3302: 3285:(8): 8681–8688. 3270: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3233: 3201: 3195: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3144: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3099: 3090:(8): 1112–1117. 3075: 3069: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3046: 3014: 3008: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2985: 2953: 2947: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2902: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2865: 2833: 2827: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2747: 2715: 2709: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2618: 2612: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2592:"Fèlix Casanova" 2588: 2582: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2562:"Jian-Ping Wang" 2558: 2552: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2528: 2522: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2498: 2489: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2469:"Homepage - ifa" 2465: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2439: 2433: 2432: 2421: 2415: 2414: 2377: 2368: 2367: 2331: 2320: 2319: 2318:– via APS. 2317: 2315: 2281: 2257: 2251: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2206: 2200: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2161: 2137: 2131: 2130: 2129:– via APS. 2128: 2126: 2078: 2072: 2071: 2070:– via APS. 2069: 2067: 2019: 2008: 2007: 2006:– via APS. 2005: 2003: 1961: 1937: 1928: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1905: 1873: 1867: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1843: 1837: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1813: 1807: 1806: 1794: 1788: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1764: 1758: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1738: 1732: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1708: 1699: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1675: 1669: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1645: 1639: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1615: 1609: 1607: 1602:. Archived from 1596: 1375: 1373: 1372: 1367: 1350: 1345: 1344: 1296: 1294: 1293: 1288: 1273: 1271: 1270: 1265: 1241: 1239: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1230: 1133:Period 6 element 1125:Spin Hall effect 1066:General Electric 1056:Manipatruni and 1052: 1050: 1049: 1044: 1026: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1010: 990: 966: 964: 963: 958: 956: 955: 939: 937: 936: 931: 929: 928: 912: 910: 909: 904: 902: 901: 857: 855: 854: 849: 841: 840: 813: 799: 798: 777: 776: 752: 726: 703: 686: 666: 665: 644: 643: 634: 633: 624: 623: 614: 613: 601: 596: 595: 591: 572: 571: 559: 558: 519: 518: 508: 507: 483: 482: 171:Doctoral advisor 165: 21: 20: 6494: 6493: 6489: 6488: 6487: 6485: 6484: 6483: 6399: 6398: 6397: 6387: 6385: 6376: 6375: 6371: 6361: 6359: 6350: 6349: 6345: 6335: 6333: 6324: 6323: 6319: 6274: 6270: 6233: 6229: 6219: 6217: 6204: 6203: 6199: 6189: 6187: 6142: 6138: 6133: 6129: 6119: 6117: 6112:. 29 May 2018. 6104: 6103: 6099: 6089: 6087: 6078: 6077: 6073: 6020: 6016: 6006: 6004: 5991: 5990: 5986: 5976: 5974: 5959: 5933: 5929: 5919: 5917: 5902: 5875: 5871: 5861: 5859: 5844: 5808: 5804: 5797: 5786: 5782: 5772: 5770: 5693: 5689: 5640: 5636: 5626: 5624: 5555: 5551: 5541: 5539: 5479: 5472: 5462: 5460: 5447: 5446: 5442: 5432: 5430: 5417: 5416: 5412: 5402: 5400: 5355: 5351: 5314: 5310: 5247: 5243: 5182: 5178: 5168: 5166: 5123: 5119: 5109: 5107: 5072: 5068: 5058: 5056: 5013: 5009: 4999: 4997: 4984: 4983: 4979: 4969: 4967: 4922:Physics Reports 4914: 4910: 4900: 4898: 4855: 4851: 4834: 4830: 4777: 4773: 4728: 4724: 4687: 4683: 4673: 4671: 4636: 4632: 4622: 4620: 4613: 4587: 4583: 4573: 4571: 4518: 4514: 4504: 4502: 4487: 4461: 4457: 4447: 4445: 4416:(12): 774–783. 4402: 4398: 4388: 4386: 4325: 4321: 4260: 4256: 4246: 4244: 4183: 4179: 4169: 4167: 4114: 4110: 4100: 4098: 4045: 4041: 4031: 4029: 3994: 3990: 3947: 3943: 3933: 3931: 3916: 3890: 3883: 3873: 3871: 3824: 3820: 3812: 3801: 3797: 3790: 3779: 3775: 3765: 3763: 3748: 3721: 3717: 3707: 3705: 3694: 3690: 3680: 3678: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3654: 3652: 3641: 3637: 3627: 3625: 3578: 3574: 3564: 3562: 3509: 3502: 3492: 3490: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3462: 3460: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3432: 3430: 3415: 3389: 3385: 3375: 3373: 3358: 3332: 3328: 3318: 3316: 3271: 3267: 3257: 3255: 3202: 3198: 3188: 3186: 3171: 3145: 3141: 3131: 3129: 3076: 3072: 3062: 3060: 3015: 3011: 3001: 2999: 2954: 2950: 2940: 2938: 2903: 2899: 2889: 2887: 2834: 2830: 2820: 2818: 2803: 2777: 2773: 2763: 2761: 2716: 2712: 2702: 2700: 2649: 2645: 2635: 2633: 2620: 2619: 2615: 2605: 2603: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2575: 2573: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2545: 2543: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2515: 2513: 2500: 2499: 2492: 2482: 2480: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2452: 2450: 2441: 2440: 2436: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2389:(7737): 35–42. 2378: 2371: 2332: 2323: 2313: 2311: 2258: 2254: 2244: 2242: 2207: 2203: 2193: 2191: 2138: 2134: 2124: 2122: 2079: 2075: 2065: 2063: 2020: 2011: 2001: 1999: 1938: 1931: 1921: 1919: 1874: 1870: 1860: 1858: 1845: 1844: 1840: 1830: 1828: 1815: 1814: 1810: 1795: 1791: 1781: 1779: 1766: 1765: 1761: 1751: 1749: 1744:. 3 July 2017. 1740: 1739: 1735: 1725: 1723: 1710: 1709: 1702: 1692: 1690: 1677: 1676: 1672: 1662: 1660: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1632: 1630: 1617: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1598: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1556: 1536: 1490: 0028-0836 1482:(7737): 35–42. 1467: 1440:CMOS chip50,68? 1403: 1346: 1316: 1312: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1202: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1170: 1096: 1079: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1006: 986: 972: 969: 968: 951: 947: 945: 942: 941: 924: 920: 918: 915: 914: 879: 875: 873: 870: 869: 824: 820: 809: 791: 787: 763: 759: 748: 722: 699: 682: 661: 657: 639: 635: 629: 625: 619: 615: 609: 605: 597: 587: 577: 573: 567: 563: 536: 532: 503: 499: 478: 474: 458: 454: 452: 449: 448: 438: 389: 357:fr:Manuel Bibes 337:Naresh Shanbhag 321:Alexander Gaeta 313:Alexander Gaeta 301: 299:Research career 289:optimal control 269: 200: 196: 192: 180:Alexander Gaeta 178: 163: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 65: 61: 57: 53: 47:Alma mater 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6492: 6482: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6396: 6395: 6369: 6343: 6317: 6268: 6227: 6197: 6136: 6127: 6097: 6071: 6014: 5984: 5957: 5927: 5900: 5869: 5842: 5802: 5780: 5707:(9): 871–882. 5687: 5650:(10): 103001. 5634: 5549: 5470: 5440: 5410: 5349: 5308: 5241: 5176: 5117: 5086:(19): 192404. 5066: 5007: 4977: 4928:(4): 157–255. 4908: 4869:(4): 266–270. 4849: 4828: 4771: 4722: 4681: 4630: 4611: 4581: 4512: 4485: 4455: 4396: 4333:Optics Express 4319: 4254: 4177: 4108: 4039: 3988: 3961:(5): 717–754. 3941: 3914: 3881: 3842:(4): 604–618. 3818: 3795: 3773: 3746: 3715: 3688: 3662: 3647:. Optics.org. 3635: 3590:Optics Letters 3572: 3500: 3470: 3440: 3413: 3383: 3356: 3326: 3279:Optics Express 3265: 3210:Optics Express 3196: 3169: 3139: 3070: 3023:Optics Express 3009: 2968:(2): 660–668. 2962:Optics Express 2948: 2897: 2842:Optics Express 2828: 2801: 2771: 2730:(2): 430–436. 2724:Optics Express 2710: 2643: 2613: 2583: 2553: 2523: 2490: 2460: 2434: 2416: 2369: 2342:(4): 338–343. 2336:Nature Physics 2321: 2252: 2201: 2152:(2): 8200109. 2132: 2073: 2034:(21): 213903. 2009: 1952:(23): 233906. 1929: 1888:(2): 430–436. 1882:Optics Express 1868: 1838: 1808: 1789: 1759: 1733: 1700: 1670: 1640: 1610: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1466: 1463: 1448: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1437: 1434: 1433:interconnects? 1430: 1424: 1420: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1401: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1349: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1308: 1286: 1283: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1201: 1169: 1166: 1095: 1092: 1078: 1075: 1073:imaging time. 1042: 1039: 1036: 1016: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1002: 999: 996: 993: 989: 985: 982: 979: 976: 954: 950: 927: 923: 900: 897: 894: 891: 888: 885: 882: 878: 847: 844: 839: 836: 833: 830: 827: 823: 819: 816: 812: 808: 805: 802: 797: 794: 790: 786: 783: 780: 775: 772: 769: 766: 762: 758: 755: 751: 747: 744: 741: 738: 735: 732: 729: 725: 721: 718: 715: 712: 709: 706: 702: 698: 695: 692: 689: 685: 681: 678: 675: 672: 669: 664: 660: 656: 653: 650: 647: 642: 638: 632: 628: 622: 618: 612: 608: 604: 600: 594: 590: 586: 583: 580: 576: 570: 566: 562: 557: 554: 551: 548: 545: 542: 539: 535: 531: 528: 525: 522: 517: 514: 511: 506: 502: 498: 495: 492: 489: 486: 481: 477: 473: 470: 467: 464: 461: 457: 437: 434: 408:materials and 388: 385: 373:Circuit theory 333:Lane W. Martin 300: 297: 268: 265: 209: 208: 205: 204: 194:Manfred Morari 187: 183: 182: 173: 167: 166: 155: 149: 148: 123: 119: 118: 112: 111: 108: 104: 103: 74: 73:Known for 70: 69: 48: 44: 43: 40: 36: 35: 32: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6491: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6469:Living people 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6429:Telugu people 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6404: 6383: 6379: 6373: 6357: 6353: 6347: 6331: 6327: 6321: 6313: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6279: 6272: 6264: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6231: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6201: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6140: 6131: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6101: 6085: 6081: 6075: 6067: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6018: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5988: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5931: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5873: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5806: 5794: 5790: 5784: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5691: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5638: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5553: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5477: 5475: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5444: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5414: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5353: 5345: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5328:(1): 90–107. 5327: 5323: 5319: 5312: 5304: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5245: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5180: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5121: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5070: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5011: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4981: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4912: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4853: 4844: 4839: 4832: 4824: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4775: 4767: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4726: 4717: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4685: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4634: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4585: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4532:(4): 044005. 4531: 4527: 4523: 4516: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4459: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4400: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4323: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4258: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4181: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4112: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4043: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3992: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3945: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3888: 3886: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3828:Glover, G. 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