49:. A player may bat, bowl and field even if they have had a substitute for part of the game, though they need to wait for a period equal to their time off the field until they bat or bowl again. Substitutes are generally not listed in the official squad list, unless they were in the starting XI for other games in the wider squad, or were the twelfth player, as some forms of cricket have 12 players listed prior to the match, at which point one player is omitted from the match squad. However, this is not required under the laws, and the substitute can be anyone, providing the umpires approve the use of a substitute. This can lead to members of the crowd, on-site media or a team's coaching staff taking the role. One example being a New Zealand journalist who was following their tour of India in 1988, taking the field.
145:
favour of general substitutes have been made from a perspective of improving the game, coping with increasing injury rates due to the modern schedule, to follow the lead of other sports in trying to manage concussion more responsibly and to provide greater opportunities for players to gain experience in first-class cricket. However, there is an equally strong viewpoint that the nature of the first-class contest may be diminished with a summary suggesting that although medical experts would recommend introduction of substitutes the majority of players are still not in favour.
296:
the circumstances around the game and the referees will be given guidelines as will the teams how to interpret those, But it's very much around what is the likely role of the injured player for rest of the match and who is most like-for-like with the role that player will play. The match referee could put conditions on a player being involved. So, if there's an allrounder replacing a batter then he might put a condition that player is unavailable to bowl during the match. The referee has some flexibility to best accommodate a like-for-like replacement.
61:, who was carrying an injury and had been granted a substitute fielder in previous matches, was denied one in this match. The practice of allowing substitutes was varied and inconsistent in the 19th century. In 1870, a match occurred between the MCC and Nottinghamshire. Substitutes were allowed early in this match, but this was condemned by the press, and by the conclusion of the match they were refused.
271:
1.2.8.2 If the ICC Match
Referee believes that the inclusion of the nominated Concussion Replacement, when performing their normal role, would excessively advantage their team, the Match Referee may impose such conditions upon the identity and involvement of the Concussion Replacement as he/she sees
144:
In recent years, there have been arguments made for cricket to allow substitutes in first-class games, as cricket forbids full substitutes for most injuries or tactical reasons. In 2019, concussion substitutes were allowed in Test matches and other international games for the first time. Arguments in
267:
1.2.8.1 In assessing whether the nominated
Concussion Replacement should be considered a like-for-like player, the ICC Match Referee should consider the likely role the concussed player would have played during the remainder of the match, and the normal role that would be performed by the nominated
245:
In the mid-2010s there were calls for concussion substitutes who could bat or bowl to be introduced, with increased awareness of the risks of continuing to play following a concussion. New
Zealand introduced such a rule for their domestic limited-overs competitions, having had two concussion-related
201:
In March 2006 players and officials started to rebel against this controversial rule and a One Day
International series between South Africa and Australia saw the players agree to boycott the rule. Just a few weeks later the International Cricket Council announced that the rule was being withdrawn,
295:
Every circumstance is going to be different depending on when the player is requested to be replaced. If a bowler's injured and they've only got a batting innings left then the decision might be different to if the same player was injured and there was a bowling innings left. It's very much around
153:
When a player leaves the ground due to injury and is replaced by a substitute fielder, they are generally not permitted to return and immediately resume bowling (or batting if their team's innings commences while they are off the field). The injured player is required to spend a period back on the
162:
If a bowler is injured during an over and cannot complete it, another bowler must bowl the remaining deliveries. The bowler chosen to do so cannot be the bowler who bowled the previous over, and must not bowl the following over either. A substitute fielder may take the place of the injured bowler
236:
In 2008, the
International Cricket Council tightened the regulations on the use of substitutions, saying "Substitute fielders shall only be permitted in cases of injury, illness or other wholly acceptable reasons... and should not include what is commonly referred to as a 'comfort break'".
250:
introduced concussion replacements to
English domestic competitions at the start of the 2018 season. The replacements can bat and bowl in place of a player with concussion or suspected concussion; match officials have to determine that the new player is a "like for like" replacement.
290:
The rules were implemented for saving a team from having a disadvantage if one of their players suffers a concussion and is out from the match. The rules also restrict a player from taking unnecessary risks by putting their health on the line in a bid to help their team in a match.
154:
field at least equal to the time that they were absent before resuming bowling, or batting should a change of innings occur. Variations of the time periods required and the circumstances of the players return to the field apply in different forms of the game.
258:(ICC) agreed to allow the use of concussion replacements in all international cricket matches from 1 August 2019, with substitute having to be a "like-for-like replacement" and approved by the Match Referee.
1033:
221:
argued that these substitutions were either legitimate injuries or players "answering the call of nature" (i.e. using the toilet). The issue came to a climax in the 4th Test, when
Ponting was
367:
positive in the middle of a series they would be quarantined immediately, not allowed to take part in the remainder of the series, and would be replaced by a "like for like" substitute.
958:
213:
repeatedly complained that
England were abusing the substitute system by bringing on specialist fielders in place of bowlers with poor fielding skills, which he argued was against the
198:
This change, however, was widely criticised by players, commentators, and fans. In particular, it was said to give the team that wins the toss an even greater advantage than usual.
31:
that the umpires allow when a player has been injured or become ill, after the nomination of the players at the start of the game. The rules for substitutes appear in Law 24 of the
1083:
858:
57:
The use of substitutes is known from the 18th century. In the report of a match on Monday, 5 September 1748, the role is termed a "seeker-out"; this was in the sense that
1058:
390:
983:
933:
179:
to be trialled over a ten-month period, that tactical substitutions would be permitted. Each team was to be allowed one substitute, who had to be named before
745:
610:
485:
653:
1108:
45:
A substitute can act for the injured or ill player in the field, although they may not bowl, bat or act as captain, unless otherwise agreed by the
459:
628:
229:, causing him to angrily shout and gesticulate in the direction of the England dressing room. At the time, Pratt was on the field for bowler
120:
while playing as a substitute for
England. The highest number of catches by a substitute fielder in a Test match is four, a record shared by
691:
421:
233:- who was nursing an ankle injury that proved to end his Test career after this match. Ponting was fined 75% of his match fee for dissent.
217:. English bowlers were frequently substituted at the end of bowling spells and temporarily replaced with fresh fielders. The England coach
1198:
85:
908:
883:
352:
1365:
332:
in the first innings. He was later diagnosed as having suffered concussion and was ruled out of the remainder of the Test.
340:
58:
287:, an all-rounder, as his replacement, then the match-referee has the power to restrict Marsh from bowling in the match.
96:
A substitute is permitted to take catches as with any other fielder, and on some occasions does. The first occasion in
81:
765:
673:
546:
371:
77:
582:
105:
1191:
247:
272:
fit, in line with the overriding objective of facilitating a like-for-like replacement for the concussed player.
73:
69:
409:
as COVID-19 substitutes at the start of day 4 for South Africa. As a result, Khaya Zondo made his Test debut.
383:
255:
172:
101:
1380:
191:
in July saw the first use of these new regulations, which did not apply to other forms of cricket such as
1370:
583:"Injury data and arguments to support a rule change to allow substitutes in Test and first class cricket"
109:
1375:
1184:
88:
in the Oxford XI, after
Thesiger had injured himself while fielding on the first morning of the match.
750:
658:
46:
1169:
790:
611:"Concussion, risk assessment, and practical steps to reform: Learning from the Hugo Lloris example"
379:
280:
1282:
959:"COVID-19 substitutes in cricket: What is it, what are the challenges? Everything we know so far"
564:
325:
317:
230:
188:
695:
521:
351:, who was concussed after hitting the advertising boards while fielding in an ODI game against
206:
731:
717:
336:
was named as the official replacement for Smith and came to bat on the final day of the Test.
176:
1244:
184:
8:
1137:
65:
859:"What is 'concussion substitute' rule? Here's everything on ICC's new set of guidelines"
1251:
1157:
333:
1344:
1303:
1277:
1222:
1145:
833:
507:
305:
214:
183:
was made, and could be introduced at any stage of the match. The ODI series between
1324:
1287:
420:
as a COVID-19 substitute for Sri Lanka during the second innings of the first test
394:
1059:"Mulder, Erwee test positive for Covid-19 as Khaya Zondo earns Proteas Test debut"
425:
413:
344:
301:
218:
129:
121:
33:
1256:
815:
417:
348:
284:
136:. However, substitute fielders' catches do not count towards individual stats.
1359:
1339:
1329:
1239:
525:
210:
113:
28:
1149:
347:
became the first concussion substitute in women's cricket when she replaced
1334:
1232:
1227:
1008:
406:
363:
In June 2020, the ICC approved a rule providing that if a player was found
329:
192:
133:
97:
1034:"BREAKING: Drama as 2 Proteas players test positive for Covid-19 mid-Test"
816:"Concussion in cricket: Replacements added to laws for 2018 county season"
378:
became the first COVID-19 replacement in a cricket match. Lister replaced
1308:
402:
398:
175:
announced, as part of a package of changes to the playing conditions for
125:
486:"Thomas Bennett Case: Oxford brewer who was the first cricket Supersub"
375:
226:
321:
117:
1176:
934:"New Zealand cricketer Ben Lister becomes first COVID-19 substitut"
766:"Australia team doctor asks ICC to consider concussion substitutes"
364:
180:
1207:
222:
24:
460:"Death of George Summers: When cricket at Lord's claimed a life"
283:, a pure batsman, is injured in a Test match and Australia name
984:"Auckland seamer Ben Lister becomes first Covid-19 replacement"
654:"There's no substitute for heroics now lost from other codes"
324:
in the 2019 Ashes series between England and Australia, when
424:. In the second Test of the series, Fernando again replaced
884:"Steven Smith withdrawn from Lord's Test due to concussion"
386:(ICC) playing conditions for a substitute due to COVID-19.
1009:"Ben Lister becomes first 'COVID replacement' in cricket"
746:"Ponting set to take comfort from ICC new fielding rules"
547:"FAQs: The concussion sub, and why the rule is important"
909:"Chinelle Henry ruled out of India ODIs with concussion"
382:, who reported feeling unwell, in line with the updated
163:
whilst they are off the field, but they may not bowl.
148:
1084:"Angelo Mathews out of Galle Test due to Covid-19"
316:The first use of such a substitute was during the
791:"New Zealand to introduce concussion substitutes"
1357:
834:"ICC board and full council concludes in London"
1109:"Pathum Nissanka out of second test with Covid"
629:"Shipperd wants 12-a-side in Sheffield Shield"
1192:
1136:
370:In October 2020, in the opening round of the
1142:At the Sign of the Wicket: Cricket 1742–1751
1199:
1185:
826:
522:"Most catches by a substitute in a match"
457:
261:
428:as a COVID-19 substitute for Sri Lanka.
389:In April 2022, in the second Test match
240:
304:, ICC General Manager explained before
91:
1358:
358:
166:
64:The first-ever use of a substitute in
1206:
1180:
483:
438:
328:was hit on the neck by a bouncer by
692:"About ICC - Rules and Regulations"
458:Mukherjee, Abhishek (25 May 2016).
391:between South Africa and Bangladesh
13:
732:"Ponting slams England sub policy"
718:"Cricket bosses explain sub trial"
14:
1392:
157:
139:
116:, took a catch from his teammate
149:Restrictions on returning player
1130:
1101:
1076:
1051:
1026:
1001:
976:
951:
926:
901:
876:
851:
808:
783:
758:
738:
724:
710:
684:
666:
646:
621:
248:England and Wales Cricket Board
720:. BBC Sport. 11 December 2005.
603:
575:
557:
539:
514:
500:
477:
451:
311:
1:
1013:International Cricket Council
838:International Cricket Council
484:Dhole, Pradip (14 May 2017).
431:
384:International Cricket Council
372:2020–21 Plunket Shield season
256:International Cricket Council
173:International Cricket Council
16:Replacement player in cricket
1366:Cricket laws and regulations
1144:. London: Cricket Magazine.
734:. BBC Sport. 29 August 2005.
112:, when Australia's captain,
7:
246:substitutions in 2016. The
40:
10:
1397:
565:"The case for substitutes"
202:and it is no longer used.
52:
1317:
1296:
1270:
1215:
751:The Sydney Morning Herald
659:The Sydney Morning Herald
446:At the Sign of the Wicket
339:On November 1, 2019, the
674:"To sub, or not to sub?"
100:was in the Test between
508:"Scorecard Test No. 15"
448:, 12 April 1900, p. 52.
268:Concussion Replacement.
298:
262:ICC Playing Conditions
207:2005 Ashes Test series
177:One Day Internationals
293:
241:Concussion substitute
209:, Australian captain
1245:Wicket-keeper-batter
1138:Ashley-Cooper, F. S.
92:Fielding substitutes
70:The University Match
1381:Cricket terminology
698:on 26 December 2008
662:. 24 November 2012.
617:. 21 November 2013.
359:COVID-19 substitute
167:Tactical substitute
66:first-class cricket
1371:Fielding (cricket)
334:Marnus Labuschagne
254:In July 2019, the
1376:Batting (cricket)
1353:
1352:
1038:The South African
488:. Cricket Country
422:against Australia
306:2019 Ashes series
215:spirit of cricket
86:Frederic Thesiger
27:is a replacement
1388:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1153:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1005:
999:
998:
996:
994:
980:
974:
973:
971:
969:
955:
949:
948:
946:
944:
930:
924:
923:
921:
919:
905:
899:
898:
896:
894:
880:
874:
873:
871:
869:
855:
849:
848:
846:
844:
830:
824:
823:
822:. 21 March 2018.
812:
806:
805:
803:
801:
787:
781:
780:
778:
776:
762:
756:
755:
742:
736:
735:
728:
722:
721:
714:
708:
707:
705:
703:
694:. Archived from
688:
682:
681:
678:Espncricinfo.com
670:
664:
663:
650:
644:
643:
641:
639:
633:ESPNcricinfo.com
625:
619:
618:
607:
601:
600:
598:
596:
587:
579:
573:
572:
569:Espncricinfo.com
561:
555:
554:
551:Espncricinfo.com
543:
537:
536:
534:
532:
518:
512:
511:
504:
498:
497:
495:
493:
481:
475:
474:
472:
470:
455:
449:
442:
395:Glenton Stuurman
23:in the sport of
1396:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1313:
1292:
1266:
1211:
1205:
1165:
1164:
1155:
1154:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1117:
1115:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1007:
1006:
1002:
992:
990:
982:
981:
977:
967:
965:
957:
956:
952:
942:
940:
932:
931:
927:
917:
915:
907:
906:
902:
892:
890:
882:
881:
877:
867:
865:
857:
856:
852:
842:
840:
832:
831:
827:
814:
813:
809:
799:
797:
789:
788:
784:
774:
772:
764:
763:
759:
744:
743:
739:
730:
729:
725:
716:
715:
711:
701:
699:
690:
689:
685:
672:
671:
667:
652:
651:
647:
637:
635:
627:
626:
622:
609:
608:
604:
594:
592:
590:Johnorchard.com
585:
581:
580:
576:
563:
562:
558:
545:
544:
540:
530:
528:
520:
519:
515:
510:. Cricinfo.com.
506:
505:
501:
491:
489:
482:
478:
468:
466:
464:Cricket Country
456:
452:
444:Ashley-Cooper,
443:
439:
434:
426:Pathum Nissanka
414:Oshada Fernando
361:
345:Shabika Gajnabi
314:
302:Geoff Allardice
264:
243:
219:Duncan Fletcher
169:
160:
151:
142:
130:Virender Sehwag
122:Gursharan Singh
94:
55:
43:
34:Laws of Cricket
17:
12:
11:
5:
1394:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1100:
1075:
1050:
1025:
1000:
975:
963:Times Now News
950:
938:Times Now News
925:
900:
875:
850:
825:
807:
782:
757:
754:. 4 July 2008.
737:
723:
709:
683:
665:
645:
620:
602:
574:
556:
538:
513:
499:
476:
450:
436:
435:
433:
430:
418:Angelo Mathews
412:In June 2022,
360:
357:
349:Chinelle Henry
313:
310:
285:Mitchell Marsh
274:
273:
269:
263:
260:
242:
239:
225:by substitute
168:
165:
159:
158:Injured bowler
156:
150:
147:
141:
140:Recent changes
138:
93:
90:
80:in 1891, when
54:
51:
42:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1393:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:Fourth umpire
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1283:Batting order
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1240:Wicket-keeper
1238:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:Fielding side
1214:
1209:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1171:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1114:
1113:ESPN Cricinfo
1110:
1104:
1089:
1088:ESPN Cricinfo
1085:
1079:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1014:
1010:
1004:
989:
988:ESPN Cricinfo
985:
979:
964:
960:
954:
939:
935:
929:
914:
910:
904:
889:
888:ESPN Cricinfo
885:
879:
864:
860:
854:
839:
835:
829:
821:
817:
811:
796:
792:
786:
771:
767:
761:
753:
752:
747:
741:
733:
727:
719:
713:
697:
693:
687:
679:
675:
669:
661:
660:
655:
649:
634:
630:
624:
616:
615:Blogs.bmj.com
612:
606:
591:
584:
578:
570:
566:
560:
552:
548:
542:
527:
526:ESPN Cricinfo
523:
517:
509:
503:
487:
480:
465:
461:
454:
447:
441:
437:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
368:
366:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
309:
307:
303:
297:
292:
288:
286:
282:
278:
270:
266:
265:
259:
257:
252:
249:
238:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:Ricky Ponting
208:
203:
199:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:In 2005, the
164:
155:
146:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
114:Billy Murdoch
111:
107:
103:
99:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
62:
60:
50:
48:
38:
36:
35:
30:
26:
22:
1335:Third umpire
1271:Batting side
1261:
1141:
1131:Bibliography
1116:. Retrieved
1112:
1103:
1091:. Retrieved
1087:
1078:
1066:. Retrieved
1062:
1053:
1041:. Retrieved
1037:
1028:
1016:. Retrieved
1012:
1003:
991:. Retrieved
987:
978:
966:. Retrieved
962:
953:
941:. Retrieved
937:
928:
916:. Retrieved
913:Cricbuzz.com
912:
903:
891:. Retrieved
887:
878:
866:. Retrieved
862:
853:
841:. Retrieved
837:
828:
819:
810:
798:. Retrieved
794:
785:
773:. Retrieved
769:
760:
749:
740:
726:
712:
700:. Retrieved
696:the original
686:
677:
668:
657:
648:
636:. Retrieved
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407:Wiaan Mulder
388:
380:Mark Chapman
369:
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338:
330:Jofra Archer
315:
299:
294:
289:
281:David Warner
277:For example:
276:
275:
253:
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197:
193:Test matches
170:
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143:
134:Jackson Bird
98:Test cricket
95:
68:occurred in
63:
59:George Smith
56:
44:
32:
20:
18:
1318:Non-players
1309:All-rounder
1233:Spin bowler
1228:Pace bowler
1166:|work=
868:22 November
403:Sarel Erwee
399:Khaya Zondo
341:West Indies
326:Steve Smith
318:Second Test
312:First usage
231:Simon Jones
126:Younis Khan
82:Thomas Case
1360:Categories
1262:Substitute
1018:20 October
993:20 October
968:20 October
943:20 October
918:3 November
531:15 January
432:References
376:Ben Lister
227:Gary Pratt
21:substitute
1210:positions
1168:ignored (
1158:cite book
893:18 August
863:Times Now
820:BBC Sport
800:7 January
775:7 January
469:28 August
416:replaced
401:replaced
189:Australia
118:Tup Scott
106:Australia
84:replaced
78:Cambridge
1150:28863559
1140:(1900).
1068:11 April
1043:11 April
795:Cricinfo
770:Cricinfo
638:28 March
595:28 March
492:9 August
365:COVID-19
181:the toss
72:between
47:captains
41:Overview
1330:Referee
1304:Captain
1252:Fielder
1208:Cricket
1118:11 July
843:18 July
343:player
223:run out
205:In the
185:England
102:England
53:History
25:cricket
1345:Scorer
1325:Umpire
1297:Others
1288:Runner
1278:Batter
1223:Bowler
1148:
1093:1 July
1063:News24
702:1 June
322:Lord's
132:, and
74:Oxford
29:player
586:(PDF)
353:India
1257:Slip
1170:help
1146:OCLC
1120:2022
1095:2022
1070:2022
1045:2022
1020:2020
995:2020
970:2020
945:2020
920:2019
895:2019
870:2019
845:2019
802:2017
777:2017
704:2009
640:2022
597:2022
533:2017
494:2019
471:2020
405:and
397:and
187:and
110:1884
104:and
76:and
320:at
279:If
108:in
1362::
1162::
1160:}}
1156:{{
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300:—
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