697:
to the pope. The provost was on his way back to the monastery, having obeyed the pope's commands, when he received a message to return to the pope, who returned
Montecassino's treasures to him. Pope Stephen, however was relieved, by force on the part of the Romans, of the treasure which he had brought to Rome from Constantinople. The pope was planning the elevation of his brother to the imperial throne. For this purpose, and, if the Roman annals are to be believed, out of anger at being plundered, he set out on a journey to Tuscany, planning to crown and lead his brother back to Rome, and from there march against the Normans. Before he departed Rome, the pope summoned a meeting of the bishops, clergy, and people of Rome, and strictly commanded them (
565:, sent as papal legate, began a series of investigations at the monastery. On 22 May he persuaded Abbot Peter to resign. And on 23 May, in a chapter meeting of all of the brothers, presided over by Cardinal Humbert, they began to elect a new abbot; the successful candidate was Cardinal Frederick of Lorraine, who was a monk of Montecassino. Ten days after his election, he and Cardinal Humbert proceeded to the papal court, which was in Tuscany at the time. He was consecrated the thirty-sixth abbot of Montecassino by Pope Victor on 24 June 1057, and ruled for a little over ten months. He obtained for his abbey the privilege of being seated ahead of all other abbots at synods, and for the abbots of Montecassino the privilege of wearing the
546:
6614:
5352:
3256:
729:
3268:
6626:
5341:
1354:
419:
666:
744:. During the excavations his tomb was discovered next to the altar of S. Zenobio, and identified by an inscription as well as pontifical insignia with which he had been clothed. The present whereabouts of the remains is unknown. Members of his chapel, which he had brought along from Montecassino, were afraid to return through Rome, and were therefore escorted back to their monastery by Florentine soldiers.
479:
1368:
1340:
505:, and the latter was enthroned as Victor II on 13 April 1055. Frederick was back at the papal chancellery in 1055, but, when the Emperor visited Italy in the summer of 1055, he commanded that Victor arrest Frederick and send him to the German court immediately. Frederick sought refuge at Montecassino late in 1055, where he became a monk of the
633:
Stephen visited the monastery at
Montecassino from 30 November 1057 to 10 February 1058. He was still its abbot, and remained so until his death. There he immediately began a program of reform, by every means at his disposal, persuading, exhorting and haranguing the monks to rid themselves of the lax
593:
News of Victor's death was brought to Rome by
Cardinal Boniface of Albano on 31 July. For the rest of that day, and all the next day, the clergy and populace of Rome discussed what to do next, and specifically whether they should proceed to a papal election. From their discussions, five names emerged
696:
of
Salerno. In mid-March, he ordered the provost of Montecassino to collect all of the gold and silver of his church and secretly send it immediately to Rome; the pope promised that he would soon return it, with interest. Despite their deep distress, the monks complied, sending their gold and silver
446:. Their purpose was to persuade the emperor to come to the aid of the pope, join forces with Henry III, and destroy the Normans. When the legates reached Constantinople, they were hospitably received by the emperor and stayed at the imperial palace for some time. Negotiations between them, Patriarch
1169:
Mann VI, pp. 220–221. Leo
Marsicanus, "Chronica Monasterii Cassinensis", Book II. 92: "Et quoniam vitium proprietatis paulatim in hoc loco a prioribus annis irrepserat, coepit omnimodis insistere oportune importune arguendo obsecrando increpando necnon et districtissime interminando, ut praedictum
371:
As chancellor, Frederick's duties in preparing and issuing papal documents, especially bulls, required his constant attendance on the pope. He therefore followed Leo in various travels. He participated in the pope's southern journey from May to August 1052; he signed a bull at S. Germano on 20 May
724:
on 29 March 1058. He was attended at his deathbed by Abbot Hugh of Cluny. The Roman annals report that he was given poison on the journey to
Florence by an agent of the Romans. The Romans also asserted that Duke Godfrey, the pope's brother, had dispatched 500 troops and money to regain control of
677:. At some point in 1057 or 1058, he held a synod in which the citizens of Capua, the capital of the Norman principality, and a cleric named Lando were excommunicated. In order to advance his aims in the south, he decided, at the beginning of 1058, to send a delegation to the new Byzantine Emperor
584:
by Victor. Frederick took part in a synod at Arezzo on 23 July, and then began the return journey to
Montecassino. He reached Rome, where he took possession of S. Crisogono, his titular church, and took up residence at the Benedictine house, the Pallaria, on the Palatine Hill. Pope Victor died at
556:
Pope Victor was annoyed by the fact that, following the death of Abbot Richer of
Montecassino in December 1055, the papacy had not been consulted in the selection of his successor, Abbot Peter. The situation was made worse by dissensions inside the community, and reports to the pope of various
362:
by Leo IX. He was also appointed "bibliothecarius et cancellarius", in succession to Odo, the primicerius of Toul, who was named a bishop, and whose latest signature as chancellor is on 16 January 1051. Frederick appears as a signatory to papal documents from 9 March 1051 to 21 December 1053.
1297:(Hannover: Hahn 1844), p. 470: "...qui in dicto itinere ut fertur venenum dedisse, et mortuus est." The story is denied by Gregorovius, p. 111, note 1, though he offers no reasons. U. Robert, p. 50, note 1, relies on an argument from probability, without citing contrary facts.
598:, the subdeacon of the Roman Church. None of these seemed quite satisfactory, and they compelled Cardinal Frederick to leave his refuge at S. Maria in Pallaria and attend their assembly at the Basilica of S. Peter in vinculis. On 2 August 1057, Frederick was
712:. He sent to ask for an interview, and John replied with a refusal, naming illness as his excuse. The pope sent a second time, and received a second refusal. He then moved on to Florence without the two ever having come face to face.
512:
In August 1056, Pope Victor, harassed by political problems on all sides, travelled to
Germany to consult with and gain help from Emperor Henry. He was received by the emperor at Goslar on 8 September, and was with him at
415:, and forced to sue for peace. They were seized by the Normans and conveyed to Benevento, where he was installed by 23 June. The pope remained in custody all winter, not setting out for Rome until 12 March 1054.
454:, however, did not succeed. Pope Leo died during the negotiations, on 19 April 1054. On 16 July 1054, Cardinal Humbert placed the bull of excommunication of the patriarch and archbishop on the high altar of
959:
VIII, pp. 389–390. Archbishop Peter had abandoned Amalfi to the
Normans, and was living at the papal court: "Romanus est omnino et ab Amalfitanis discedens familariter secum vivit iam paene anno integro."
1003:(Hannover: Hahn 1846), p. 686: "Sed cum intra hos dies defuncto papa redire disponerent, imperialibus illos donis Monomachus honorifice munerans, beato quoque Petro per eosdeem dona non parva transmisit."
4028:
3865:
630:. He held a synod at the Lateran Basilica in which he remarked that the Eastern Church tradition allowed priests, deacons, and subdeacons to marry, but the Western Church did not.
557:
alleged misdoings. Official attempts to justify the traditional procedure of election of abbots did not satisfy the reforming agenda of Roman officials. In May 1057, shortly after
681:(1057–1059). The legates were Cardinal Stephen, the Benedictine abbot of the monastery of Ss. Andrea e Gregorio in Rome; Cardinal Mainard, a Benedictine monk of Montecassino; and
395:
The return from Germany had a purpose behind it. Along with Frederick came his brother Godefroy, and numerous troops. Pope Leo, who had negotiated an agreement with the Byzantine
701:) that if he should die before the return of the subdeacon Hildebrand from the imperial court, they should on no account proceed to the election of a pope, but await his return.
6402:
763:
by some, in the 14th century. Those who rejected the papacy of Benedict X reported a vacancy of the papal throne of nine months and eight days after the death of Stephen IX.
403:, was planning a war against the Normans, which was launched in April 1053. Argyrus proved to be no help at all. The papal forces, filled with Germans, suffered a disastrous
1434:
1170:
vitium hinc iuxta mandatum regulae radicitus amputaret; et hoc quidem ex parte maxima fecit. Tune etiam et Ambrosianum cantum in ecclesia ista cantari penitus interdixit."
1016:(Hannover: Hahn 1846), p. 687: "Comperiens itaque imperator Fridericum a Constantinopoli reversum magnam valde pecuniam detulisse, cepit eum vehementer suspectum habere."
431:
Frederick was with Leo throughout the campaign against the Normans until he was appointed to the embassy to Constantinople. On 28 May 1053, he was at the monastery of
6291:
3620:
1235:(Hannover: Hahn 1844), p. 470: "...Sed totum thesaurum quod ipse a Constantinopolim conduxit, per vim Romani abstulerunt. Unde in ira commotus de Roma egressus est."
392:. During their return journey, Bishop Peter of Le Puy was consecrated at Ravenna on 14 March 1053, and Chancellor Frederick signed the certificate of consecration.
5388:
5035:
550:
466:. When the legates announced their intended departure, the emperor bestowed upon them, in honor of their work, imperial gifts, as well as substantial gifts to the
1047:
Pope Victor is charged by the "Chronica Monasterii Cassinensis" with intending to use force: "Ita ad subjugandam sibi violenter abbatiam animum papa intenderat."
6598:
6593:
3650:
4955:
1257:(Hannover: Hahn 1846), p. 694: "Disponebat autem fratri suo Gotfrido apud Tusciam in colloquium iungi, eique ut ferebatur, imperialem coronam largiri...."
4053:
5942:
5422:
509:. To escape the imperial and papal agents, with the abbot's permission, he withdrew to the Island of Termiti in the Adriatic, off the port of Termoli.
3204:
6317:
4520:
6392:
3306:
525:. A reconciliation between the Lorrainers and the imperial family became possible. At a meeting in Cologne in December, the pope reconciled Count
4841:
594:
as viable candidates: Cardinal Humbert, Cardinal Giovanni of Velletri, Bishop Ottcharius of Perugia, Cardinal Pietro of Tusculum (Frascati), and
5702:
5429:
5233:
5020:
4023:
3360:
497:) with him from Constantinople, sufficient to bring suspicion upon him on the part of Emperor Henry III. In November 1054, the emperor named
5381:
3903:
517:
on 21 September; but, on 5 October 1056, Henry died. He was buried at Speyer on 21 October. Shortly thereafter, the imperial court was at
5975:
5468:
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4315:
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3073:
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5656:
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4160:
5193:
5055:
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6110:
3568:
5374:
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4234:
3067:
1131:
He was elected on the Feast of St. Stephen. He explicitly took the name and the number IX. He signed all his official documents
5804:
5746:
3468:
3463:
704:
As he was travelling up the road from Rome to Florence, by way of Arezzo, Pope Stephen conceived of the idea of visiting Abbot
1431:
685:, the Benedictine abbot-elect of Montecassino. These papal delegates departed from Rome, but when they reached Byzantine-held
343:
5172:
5120:
3752:
3132:
6701:
5614:
5510:
5110:
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6696:
6686:
6476:
6374:
6261:
5150:
4980:
3888:
3635:
3234:
1074:
I (Naples 1842), pp. 208–211. Watterich, p. 189. Leo Marsicanus, "Chronica Monasterii Cassinensis", Book II. 91–92, in:
6514:
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5567:
4809:
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3915:
3640:
3210:
1512:
5646:
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4041:
3875:
3326:
674:
1551:
6666:
6417:
5897:
5787:
5306:
4854:
4607:
4552:
4417:
4152:
4148:
3893:
3678:
3625:
498:
5912:
5836:
5456:
5434:
5315:
4657:
4632:
4597:
4592:
4557:
4437:
4036:
3920:
3510:
3473:
3356:
3336:
3292:
1585:
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5417:
5409:
5397:
5253:
4965:
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4622:
4602:
4542:
4332:
4048:
3586:
3578:
3490:
3351:
3331:
1639:
863:
The claim that he was a canon of Saint-Alban de Namur is without foundation: Wattendorff, pp. 7–8. U. Robert,
6446:
6025:
6000:
5609:
4627:
4617:
3943:
3814:
3712:
3409:
626:. He held several synods in Rome from August to November 1057, focusing most vigorously on the importance of
169:
545:
6486:
6005:
5995:
5451:
5208:
5179:
5162:
5070:
4682:
4647:
4637:
4215:
4196:
4058:
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3722:
3228:
522:
315:
692:
After his recovery from his fever, Pope Stephen returned to Rome, and on 8 March 1058, consecrated Bishop
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6451:
5821:
5594:
5218:
3968:
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3705:
3057:
607:
599:
487:
283:
275:
6460:
5485:
5135:
4933:
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4239:
4205:
4164:
1634:
400:
17:
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5532:
5325:
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4942:
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4582:
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3645:
1614:
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to succeed Victor on 2 August 1057. As pope, Stephen retained the Montecassino abbacy, enforced the
6352:
5927:
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4210:
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4018:
3842:
3819:
3770:
3443:
737:
562:
439:
817:
The Chronicle of Hugh of Flavigny: Reform and the Investiture Contest in the Late Eleventh Century
5970:
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5553:
5276:
4908:
4869:
4836:
4282:
4262:
4130:
4008:
3958:
3737:
3538:
3478:
1619:
311:
6441:
6327:
6040:
5345:
5286:
5281:
4915:
4721:
4642:
4567:
4447:
4125:
4013:
3953:
3630:
3518:
3272:
646:
642:. In December 1057, he was so ill with "the Roman fever" that he believed he was going to die.
443:
359:
327:
1465:
6676:
6661:
6656:
6337:
6322:
6035:
5892:
5799:
5599:
5582:
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5439:
5050:
4877:
4302:
4083:
3948:
3794:
3500:
3438:
3397:
3382:
3048:
1536:
Pontificum Romanorum qui fuerunt inde ab exeunte saeculo IX usque ad finem saeculi XIII vitae
1471:
794:
526:
506:
412:
323:
208:
6387:
6681:
6569:
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6554:
6549:
6544:
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6534:
6529:
6496:
6423:
6266:
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6045:
5947:
5922:
5861:
5666:
5641:
5577:
4454:
4423:
4320:
4201:
4115:
3995:
3898:
3615:
3610:
3533:
3483:
3414:
3392:
252:
244:
33:
885:
Wattendorff, pp. 8–9, prefers the date 1049. U. Robert, pp. 6–7, argues for the date 1051.
8:
6618:
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6332:
6281:
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6125:
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5727:
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5145:
4938:
4922:
4442:
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3803:
3747:
3695:
3596:
3558:
2913:
2296:
1578:
1359:
581:
381:
307:
291:
314:
that played a prominent role in the politics of the period. Another older brother, Duke
6630:
6407:
6176:
6100:
6068:
5887:
5856:
5693:
5681:
5542:
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5263:
5080:
3938:
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3374:
3341:
3192:
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3081:
2933:
2928:
2893:
2762:
2742:
2662:
2561:
2536:
2526:
2426:
2411:
1935:
1663:
1656:
1012:
Watterich, p. 189. Leo Marsicanus, "Chronica Monasterii Cassinensis", Book II. 86, in:
999:
Watterich, p. 189. Leo Marsicanus, "Chronica Monasterii Cassinensis", Book II. 85, in:
741:
577:
447:
404:
319:
295:
44:
6196:
1423:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus primus (second ed.). Leipzig: Veit. pp. 529–556.
1420:
Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita Ecclesia ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII
740:, which was demolished in 1357 to make way for the construction of the new cathedral,
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2827:
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2582:
2566:
2551:
2511:
2496:
2466:
2391:
2371:
2331:
2216:
2070:
2015:
1869:
1508:
627:
566:
377:
212:
139:
40:
6466:
6271:
6251:
6171:
6156:
6055:
5957:
5831:
5671:
5629:
5624:
5604:
5587:
5500:
5085:
4859:
4821:
4779:
4707:
4702:
4669:
4476:
4409:
4372:
4367:
4347:
4342:
4267:
4120:
4110:
4070:
3601:
3419:
3402:
3087:
3023:
2998:
2978:
2953:
2938:
2908:
2847:
2842:
2792:
2722:
2712:
2692:
2667:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2597:
2556:
2506:
2501:
2491:
2471:
2461:
2421:
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2341:
2316:
2291:
2281:
2271:
2256:
2155:
2135:
2125:
2090:
2025:
2020:
2000:
1960:
1900:
1839:
1824:
1819:
1754:
1739:
1714:
1704:
1345:
968:(in French). Vol. Tome II. Strasbourg: F.-X. Le Roux et Cie. pp. 318–332.
752:
678:
623:
611:
595:
463:
424:
396:
279:
232:
161:
112:
4325:
6524:
6491:
6435:
6429:
6286:
6191:
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5366:
5320:
5203:
5060:
5025:
4831:
4826:
4751:
4746:
4687:
4612:
4362:
4292:
3824:
3765:
3315:
3126:
3093:
3013:
2923:
2898:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2802:
2737:
2702:
2687:
2622:
2612:
2587:
2541:
2521:
2486:
2476:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2406:
2401:
2351:
2336:
2261:
2241:
2221:
2206:
2201:
2181:
2145:
2130:
2050:
2035:
2030:
1995:
1985:
1970:
1930:
1920:
1905:
1895:
1885:
1749:
1694:
1598:
1534:
1523:
1502:
1481:
1458:. Vol. VI: 1049–1073. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner. pp. 183–225.
1453:
1438:
1418:
1407:
1386:
963:
848:
830:
748:
682:
639:
635:
355:
76:
1315:
Leo Marsicanus, "Chronica Monasterii Cassinensis", Book II. 98, MGH pp. 694–695.
965:
L'Alsace et l'Église au temps du pape saint Léon IX (Bruno d'Egisheim) 1002–1054
832:
L'Alsace et l'Église au temps du pape saint Léon IX (Bruno d'Egisheim) 1002–1054
384:; they were at Bamberg with the emperor, on 18 October, when Frederick signed a
6651:
6587:
6412:
6206:
6181:
6145:
6085:
6078:
6073:
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5917:
5902:
5841:
5717:
5707:
5463:
5238:
5167:
5015:
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4736:
4726:
4712:
4697:
4377:
4272:
4156:
4135:
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3548:
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3495:
3426:
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2777:
2757:
2732:
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2672:
2642:
2617:
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2531:
2516:
2451:
2396:
2386:
2361:
2246:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2120:
2105:
2040:
2005:
1975:
1945:
1940:
1925:
1859:
1834:
1809:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1779:
1699:
1689:
1571:
1563:
1373:
1228:
709:
654:
603:
442:
and Archbishop Pietro of Amalfi, to a legation from Pope Leo IX to the Emperor
411:
on 18 June 1053. The pope and his cardinals were driven out of their refuge in
389:
260:
240:
216:
200:
181:
102:
66:
5780:
6645:
6471:
6397:
6363:
6347:
6307:
5990:
5965:
5741:
5651:
5636:
5558:
5130:
5090:
4975:
4897:
4882:
4731:
4692:
4498:
4382:
4179:
3848:
3563:
3008:
2988:
2963:
2832:
2797:
2772:
2727:
2707:
2632:
2627:
2607:
2481:
2416:
2376:
2356:
2346:
2251:
2160:
2115:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2010:
1990:
1980:
1955:
1915:
1864:
1854:
1849:
1829:
1784:
1744:
1729:
1709:
1651:
1609:
1382:
705:
530:
438:
In January 1054, the chancellor Frederick was appointed, along with Cardinal
602:
to become the new pope. He took the name Stephen IX. He was escorted to the
493:
Frederick apparently brought back a substantial amount of additional money (
6581:
6456:
6312:
6276:
6015:
5937:
5781:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5505:
5105:
5040:
4970:
4960:
4887:
4787:
4756:
4532:
4481:
4249:
4191:
4088:
3859:
3776:
3732:
3727:
3717:
3528:
3455:
3222:
3038:
3018:
3003:
2983:
2968:
2958:
2817:
2812:
2752:
2747:
2697:
2381:
2326:
2321:
2276:
2266:
2165:
2140:
2110:
2045:
1965:
1890:
1804:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1719:
1266:
Leo Marsicanus, "Chronica Monasterii Cassinensis", Book II. 98, MGH p. 694.
459:
455:
451:
432:
268:
248:
236:
204:
1464:
1089:
Theology, Rhetoric, and Politics in the Eucharistic controversy, 1078–1079
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In regional politics, Stephen ordered the bishops of England not to seek
483:
351:
290:, apparently poisoned by Romans, while endeavouring to crown his brother
264:
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207:
from 3 August 1057 to his death on 29 March 1058. He was a member of the
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1395:
Despy, G. (1953). "La carrière lotharingienne du pape Étienne IX," in:
756:
728:
408:
385:
347:
326:. Frederick's youngest sister, Mathilda, was married to Count Palatine
634:
practices that had crept in over the years. He even banned the use of
39:
In sources prior to the 1960s, this pope is called Stephen X and
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689:, news came that Stephen IX has died, and the mission was abandoned.
558:
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1412:. Vol. IV, Part I. London: G. Bell & sons. pp. 92–111.
1253:
Leo Marsicanus, "Chronica Monasterii Cassinensis", Book II. 97, in:
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1539:(in Latin). Vol. Tom. I. Leipzig: Engelmann. pp. 188–202.
1139:
from the second half of the 16th century to the first half of 20th.
760:
721:
570:
467:
287:
157:
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1087:
Gregorovius IV. 1, pp. 98–99. Charles Radding and Francis Newton,
376:. He attended Leo in his trip to Germany, where the pope met with
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Die deutschen Päpste. Benedikt XVI. und seine deutschen Vorgänger
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458:. Cardinal Frederick discharged the function of one of the three
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Die Entwicklung des auswärtigen Kardinalats im hohen Mittelalter
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Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
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318:, died in 1046. His younger sister, Regelinde, married Count
1448:. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 149–150.
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576:
On 14 June 1057, Frederick was promoted to the position of
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54:
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in 1054. The failure of their negotiations with Patriarch
32:"Stephen IX" redirects here. For the Moldavian ruler, see
6292:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
1492:
Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques
521:, where the pope enthroned Henry III's six-year-old son
482:
Emperor Henry III and Empress Agnes kneeling before the
330:. The family had strong ties to the abbey of St. Vanne.
306:
Christened Frederick, he was a younger brother of Duke
1391:. Vol. 1. Roma: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura.
981:
585:
Arezzo on 28 July, while Frederick was still in Rome.
529:
and Duke Godfrey of Lorraine, Frederick's brother, to
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Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
1135:(Stephen Ninth Pope), although some lists called him
1029:, pp. 149–150. Ganzer, p. 15. Gregorovius, pp. 94–96.
1335:
835:(in French). Strasbourg: F.-X. Le Roux. p. 366.
1486:(in French). Bruxelles: Société belge de librairie.
1209:
961:
828:
5396:
853:(in French). Bruxelles: A. Jamar. pp. 23, 26.
435:, on 10 June at Sale, and on 18 June at Civitate.
1255:Monumenta Germaniae Historia Scriptorum Tomus VII
1076:Monumenta Germaniae Historia Scriptorum Tomus VII
1014:Monumenta Germaniae Historia Scriptorum Tomus VII
1001:Monumenta Germaniae Historia Scriptorum Tomus VII
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6393:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
1593:
1504:The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy
1156:
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1057:
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1455:The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages
1295:Monumenta Germaniae Historia Scriptorum Tomus V
1233:Monumenta Germaniae Historia Scriptorum Tomus V
282:, and continued Leo IX's efforts to expel
1409:History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages
673:Stephen was planning for the expulsion of the
622:As pope, Stephen enforced the policies of the
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1579:
1151:
1050:
846:
755:, though others consider his successor to be
747:Stephen IX is considered by the modern Roman
215:, and started his ecclesiastical career as a
29:Head of the Catholic Church from 1057 to 1058
946:Wattendorff, pp. 10–13. U. Robert, pp. 9–11.
937:Gregorovius, pp. 81–90. Jaffé, pp. 545, 548.
699:sub districta nimis interdictione constituit
462:participating in the events that led to the
354:, and was invited to Rome. He was appointed
1521:
1405:
779:
732:Stephen IX on a 19th-century religious card
380:, and attempted to reconcile him with King
6408:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
6358:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
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5229:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
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1586:
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1483:Un pape belge: histoire du pape Étienne X.
987:
919:U. Robert, pp. 8–9. Wattendorff, pp. 9–10.
822:
1532:
1490:Schmale, F.-J. (1963). "Étienne IX," in:
1444:Kelly, J. N. D. and Walsh, M. J. (2010).
1432:Vol. VIII: Regnum Normannorum – Campania
1275:Wattendorff, pp. 53–54. U. Robert, p. 50.
811:
809:
807:
801:, (Cambridge University Press, 1989), 39.
725:Rome, which motivated the Romans to act.
255:. He continued as chancellor to the next
1494:, Vol. XV, Paris 1963, coll. 1198–1203.
1091:, (Columbia University Press, 2003), 89.
727:
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544:
477:
417:
1397:Revue belge de philologie et d’histoire
910:(Tübingen: Niemeyer), pp. 15–16, no. 1.
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1038:Jaffé, p. 551. Gregorovius, pp. 96–98.
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322:. Another sister, Oda, married Count
1555:Dizionario Biografico Degli Italiani
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6262:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
3314:
1501:Siecienski, Anthony Edward (2010).
1078:(Hannover: Hahn 1846), pp. 690–692.
1072:Storia della Badia di Monte-Cassino
715:
660:
350:. In 1049, or perhaps 1051, he met
333:
24:
5817:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
1528:(in German). Paderborn: Schöningh.
450:of Constantinople, and Archbishop
25:
6713:
1544:
1399:, XXXI (1953), pp. 955–972.
1179:Watterich, p. 194. Jaffé, p. 554.
819:, (Ashgate Publishing, 2006), 50.
247:of Constantinople and Archbishop
6624:
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5943:Fourth Council of Constantinople
5898:Second Council of Constantinople
5351:
5350:
5339:
5307:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
4855:Criticism of the Catholic Church
3266:
3255:
3254:
1427:Kehr, Paulus Fridolinus (1935).
1388:Monte Cassino in the Middle Ages
1366:
1352:
1338:
759:, who came to be regarded as an
657:and usurping the archbishopric.
638:, mandating the sole use of the
499:Gebhard of Dollnstein-Hirschberg
344:St. Lambert's Cathedral in Liège
5913:Third Council of Constantinople
5837:First Council of Constantinople
3474:First seven ecumenical councils
1406:Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1896).
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263:, and was elected abbot of the
199: – 29 March 1058) was the
6152:Dissolution of the monasteries
5418:History of the Catholic Church
4049:Separation of church and state
888:
879:
870:
857:
840:
788:
773:
372:1052, and on 1 July he was in
13:
1:
6026:Fourth Council of the Lateran
6001:Second Council of the Lateran
5610:Apostles in the New Testament
1441:Berlin: Weidmann. (in Latin)
422:Patriarch Michael enthroned,
310:of Lorraine, and part of the
193:
131:
6140:Catholic Counter-Reformation
6006:Third Council of the Lateran
5996:First Council of the Lateran
5452:Catholic ecumenical councils
1522:Wattendorff, Julius (1883).
1463:Mann, Horace Kinder (1912).
1452:Mann, Horace Kinder (1910).
1324:Watterich, p. 198, column 2.
962:Pierre Paul Brucker (1889).
829:Pierre-Paul Brucker (1889).
316:Gothelo II of Lower Lorraine
7:
1507:. Oxford University Press.
1466:"Pope Stephen (IX) X"
675:Normans from southern Italy
606:, and next day escorted to
284:Normans from southern Italy
47:for a detailed explanation.
10:
6718:
6697:11th-century German clergy
6687:11th-century French clergy
5486:History of the Roman Curia
5346:Catholic Church portal
1446:Oxford Dictionary of Popes
1331:
1120:Oxford Dictionary of Popes
1027:Oxford Dictionary of Popes
850:Histoire du comté de Namur
780:Mittermaier, Karl (2006).
751:to have been succeeded by
736:Stephen was buried in the
366:
170:Other popes named Stephen
43:is called Stephen IX; see
38:
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5408:
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5272:Aid to the Church in Need
5262:
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4893:Vatican Television Center
4868:
4778:
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4538:Eastern Catholic Churches
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1533:Watterich, I. M. (1862).
1417:Jaffé, Philippus (1885).
1197:Gregorovius, pp. 110–111.
903:Cf. Klaus Ganzer (1963),
669:Italy in the 11th century
588:
573:at religious ceremonies.
540:
533:, widow of Henry III and
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388:, and spent Christmas in
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245:Michael I Cerularius
235:in 1051 and one of three
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6353:Mary of the Divine Heart
5976:Clash against the empire
5928:Second Council of Nicaea
5822:Old St. Peter's Basilica
5214:Communion and Liberation
4678:Eastern Catholic liturgy
3843:Mystici Corporis Christi
3771:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
1550:Parisse, Michel (2019).
1206:Jaffé, p. 555, no. 4382.
1188:Jaffé, p. 555, no. 4381.
738:Church of Santa Reparata
563:Humbert of Silva Candida
537:for their son Henry IV.
440:Humbert of Silva Candida
6702:House of Ardenne–Verdun
6667:Abbots of Monte Cassino
6619:Vatican City portal
5971:Investiture Controversy
5827:First Council of Nicaea
4029:Philosophy of canon law
3959:Mariology of the saints
3539:Investiture Controversy
3068:During the Roman Empire
1480:Robert, Ulysse (1892).
1244:Gregorovius IV, p. 110.
653:of Canterbury, who was
312:Ardennes-Verdun dynasty
6631:Catholicism portal
6442:Second Vatican Council
6328:Our Lady of La Salette
6135:Protestant Reformation
6122:Protestant Reformation
6041:Second Council of Lyon
5430:Ecclesiastical history
5282:Catholic Charities USA
4916:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
4904:Vatican Polyglot Press
3954:Mariology of the popes
3592:Protestant Reformation
3273:Catholic Church Portal
3133:Conflicts with the HRE
1293:"Annales Romani", in:
847:Jules Borgnet (1846).
733:
670:
553:
551:Pontifical of Gundekar
490:
444:Constantine Monomachos
428:
360:Santa Maria in Domnica
328:Henry I of Lotharingia
185:
6338:First Vatican Council
6036:First Council of Lyon
5800:Constantine the Great
5496:Christian monasticism
5036:Good Shepherd Sisters
4878:Holy See Press Office
4116:Doctors of the Church
3949:Immaculate Conception
3904:Anointing of the Sick
3439:History of the papacy
3049:History of the papacy
1472:Catholic Encyclopedia
1437:25 March 2016 at the
837:Wattendorff, pp. 3–6.
795:Kelly, Thomas Forrest
742:Santa Maria del Fiore
731:
668:
548:
527:Baldwin V of Flanders
507:Order of St. Benedict
481:
421:
324:Lambert II of Louvain
251:led to the permanent
209:Ardenne-Verdun family
128:Frederick of Lorraine
6515:Sexual abuse scandal
6424:Mit brennender Sorge
6267:Age of Enlightenment
6046:Bernard of Clairvaux
5923:Byzantine Iconoclasm
5862:Council of Chalcedon
5642:Council of Jerusalem
5511:Role in civilization
5491:Religious institutes
5423:By country or region
4909:L'Osservatore Romano
4847:Role in civilisation
4573:Croatian and Serbian
4321:Episcopal conference
4283:St. Peter's Basilica
3641:Sexual abuse scandal
3597:Catholic Reformation
3211:Revolutionary Papacy
3205:Age of Enlightenment
1557:, Volume 94 (2019).
1552:"Stefano IX, Papa."
1148:Gregorovius, p. 100.
1133:Stephanus Nonus Papa
799:The Beneventan Chant
767:Notes and references
708:at the monastery of
608:St. Peter's Basilica
346:and then became the
223:. He was invited to
6343:Papal infallibility
6333:Our Lady of Lourdes
6282:Shimabara Rebellion
6126:Counter-Reformation
5244:Neocatechumenal Way
5209:Charismatic Renewal
4923:Annuario Pontificio
4521:Particular churches
4197:Ecumenical councils
3969:Perpetual virginity
3804:Communitas perfecta
3748:Sermon on the Mount
3058:Antiquity and Early
2862:17th–21st centuries
2576:13th–16th centuries
1429:Italia pontificia.
1360:Christianity portal
1109:Watterfich, p. 193.
978:Gregorovius, p. 89.
928:Wattendorff, p. 10.
720:Stephen IX died at
549:Pope Victor in the
382:Andrew I of Hungary
308:Godfrey the Bearded
292:Godfrey the Bearded
164:, Holy Roman Empire
142:, Holy Roman Empire
6692:11th-century popes
6388:Our Lady of Fátima
6177:Ignatius of Loyola
6101:Catherine of Siena
6069:Pope Boniface VIII
5888:Benedict of Nursia
5857:Council of Ephesus
5694:Ante-Nicene period
5647:Split with Judaism
5481:Crusading movement
5081:Premonstratensians
3464:Ante-Nicene period
3342:Lists of Catholics
3193:Reformation Papacy
3187:Renaissance Papacy
3129:(1012–1044 / 1048)
3082:Ostrogothic Papacy
2175:9th–12th centuries
734:
671:
578:cardinal-presbyter
554:
491:
488:Speyer Evangeliary
448:Michael Cerularius
429:
405:defeat at Civitate
320:Albert II of Namur
296:Holy Roman emperor
45:Pope-elect Stephen
6639:
6638:
6599:COVID-19 pandemic
6577:Pope Benedict XVI
6482:Pope John Paul II
6257:Pope Benedict XIV
6243:French Revolution
6227:Thirty Years' War
6217:Robert Bellarmine
6202:John of the Cross
6106:Pope Alexander VI
6091:Council of Vienne
6021:Francis of Assisi
6011:Pope Innocent III
5880:Early Middle Ages
5874:
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5812:Arian controversy
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5713:Apostolic Fathers
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3651:COVID-19 pandemic
3621:French Revolution
3611:Thirty Years' War
3519:Islamic conquests
3432:Apostolic fathers
3367:
3282:
3281:
3246:
3245:
3138:Wandering Papacy
3101:Saeculum obscurum
3074:Under Constantine
1879:5th–8th centuries
1673:1st–4th centuries
1657:papal resignation
1284:U. Robert, p. 51.
1118:Kelly and Walsh,
1025:Kelly and Walsh,
628:clerical celibacy
618:Church discipline
378:Emperor Henry III
338:Frederick held a
213:Duchy of Lorraine
203:and ruler of the
175:
174:
155:(aged 37–38)
41:Pope Stephen VIII
16:(Redirected from
6709:
6672:House of Limburg
6629:
6628:
6617:
6616:
6615:
6594:Patriarch Kirill
6467:Pope John Paul I
6272:Anti-clericalism
6252:Pope Innocent XI
6172:Society of Jesus
6157:Council of Trent
6111:Age of Discovery
6056:Late Middle Ages
5958:High Middle Ages
5948:East–West Schism
5832:Pope Sylvester I
5778:
5777:
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5677:General epistles
5672:Pauline epistles
5605:John the Baptist
5588:Great Commission
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5501:Catholic culture
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5086:Redemptoristines
4934:Religious orders
4860:Anti-Catholicism
4810:Church buildings
4670:Catholic liturgy
4410:Consecrated life
4268:Apostolic Palace
4235:Synod of Bishops
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3753:Ten Commandments
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3569:Age of Discovery
3403:Great Commission
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3088:Byzantine Papacy
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1346:Biography portal
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1306:Mann VI, p. 224.
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894:U. Robert, p. 7.
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876:U. Robert, p. 5.
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716:Death and burial
679:Isaac I Komnenos
661:Secular politics
649:from Archbishop
624:Gregorian Reform
464:East-West Schism
425:Madrid Skylitzes
397:catepan of Italy
334:Pre-papal career
280:Gregorian Reform
253:East–West Schism
229:Pope Leo IX
211:, who ruled the
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162:March of Tuscany
154:
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119:Personal details
50:
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6492:World Youth Day
6436:Pacem in terris
6430:Pope John XXIII
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6287:Edict of Nantes
6245:
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6197:Teresa of Ávila
6192:Tridentine Mass
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5131:Confraternities
5123:of the faithful
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3825:One true church
3789:
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3762:Official Bible
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3420:Petrine primacy
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3346:
3318:
3316:Catholic Church
3313:
3283:
3278:
3242:
3225:(1929–present)
3179:
3173:
3127:Tusculan Papacy
3119:
3113:
3094:Frankish Papacy
3059:
3043:
2857:
2571:
2170:
1874:
1668:
1601:
1599:Catholic Church
1592:
1558:
1547:
1515:
1495:
1475:. Vol. 14.
1439:Wayback Machine
1400:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1226:
1222:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1130:
1126:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1086:
1082:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1024:
1020:
1011:
1007:
998:
994:
988:Siecienski 2010
986:
982:
977:
973:
954:
950:
945:
941:
936:
932:
927:
923:
918:
914:
907:
902:
898:
893:
889:
884:
880:
875:
871:
862:
858:
845:
841:
827:
823:
815:Patrick Healy,
814:
805:
793:
789:
778:
774:
769:
749:Catholic Church
718:
663:
640:Gregorian chant
636:Ambrosian chant
620:
610:, where he was
591:
543:
476:
369:
356:cardinal-deacon
336:
304:
231:, who made him
196:
178:Pope Stephen IX
156:
152:
143:
137:
134:
130:
129:
77:Catholic Church
61:
58:
57:
48:
37:
34:Ștefan IX Tomșa
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6715:
6705:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6637:
6636:
6634:
6633:
6621:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6573:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6522:
6517:
6511:
6509:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6501:
6500:
6499:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6432:
6427:
6420:
6415:
6413:Lateran Treaty
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6379:
6377:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6367:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6304:
6302:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6248:
6246:
6238:Baroque period
6236:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6207:Peter Canisius
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6182:Francis Xavier
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6146:Exsurge Domine
6142:
6137:
6131:
6129:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6086:Pope Clement V
6083:
6082:
6081:
6079:Avignon Papacy
6074:Western Schism
6071:
6066:
6064:Thomas Aquinas
6060:
6058:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5962:
5960:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5918:Saint Boniface
5915:
5910:
5905:
5903:Pope Gregory I
5900:
5895:
5890:
5884:
5882:
5876:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5842:Biblical canon
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5808:
5807:
5796:
5794:
5775:
5771:Late antiquity
5763:
5762:
5760:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5731:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5718:Pope Clement I
5708:Church Fathers
5705:
5699:
5697:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5564:
5562:
5547:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5508:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5471:
5469:Biblical canon
5464:Catholic Bible
5461:
5460:
5459:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5414:
5412:
5406:
5405:
5394:
5393:
5386:
5379:
5371:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5348:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5310:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5268:
5266:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5239:Legion of Mary
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5177:
5176:
5175:
5168:Lay Carmelites
5165:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5127:
5125:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5016:Conceptionists
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4951:Assumptionists
4947:
4945:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4784:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4715:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4674:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4653:Syro-Malankara
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4603:Italo-Albanian
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4535:
4529:
4527:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4491:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4467:
4457:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4421:
4414:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4312:
4310:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4273:Lateran Treaty
4270:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4199:
4194:
4185:
4183:
4168:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4075:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4034:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4009:Moral theology
4006:
4000:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3935:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3880:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3839:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3799:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3773:
3768:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3692:
3690:
3683:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3594:
3583:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3524:Pope Gregory I
3521:
3515:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3496:Biblical canon
3493:
3491:Late antiquity
3488:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3471:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3427:Church fathers
3424:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3379:
3377:
3368:
3361:Ecclesiastical
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3312:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3289:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3264:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3232:
3220:
3217:Roman Question
3214:
3208:
3207:(c. 1640–1740)
3202:
3199:Baroque Papacy
3196:
3190:
3183:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3168:Western Schism
3165:
3162:Avignon Papacy
3159:
3158:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3136:
3130:
3123:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3108:Crescentii era
3105:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3064:
3062:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2914:Alexander VIII
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2297:Anastasius III
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1546:
1545:External links
1543:
1542:
1541:
1530:
1519:
1514:978-0195372045
1513:
1498:
1488:
1477:
1460:
1449:
1442:
1425:
1414:
1403:
1393:
1383:Bloch, Herbert
1378:
1377:
1374:History portal
1363:
1349:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1259:
1246:
1237:
1229:Annales Romani
1220:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1162:
1160:Jaffé, p. 554.
1150:
1141:
1124:
1111:
1102:
1100:Jaffé, p. 553.
1093:
1080:
1063:
1061:Ganzer, p. 16.
1049:
1040:
1031:
1018:
1005:
992:
980:
971:
948:
939:
930:
921:
912:
896:
887:
878:
869:
856:
839:
821:
803:
787:
784:. p. 102.
771:
770:
768:
765:
717:
714:
662:
659:
655:excommunicated
619:
616:
604:Lateran Palace
590:
587:
542:
539:
475:
472:
368:
365:
335:
332:
303:
300:
261:Victor II
241:Constantinople
201:Bishop of Rome
173:
172:
166:
165:
149:
145:
144:
138:
127:
125:
121:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
67:Bishop of Rome
63:
62:
59:
53:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6714:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6620:
6610:
6609:
6606:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6589:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6527:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6506:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6472:Mother Teresa
6470:
6468:
6465:
6462:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6437:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6398:Pope Pius XII
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6372:
6366:
6365:
6364:Rerum novarum
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6348:Pope Leo XIII
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6318:United States
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6308:Pope Pius VII
6306:
6305:
6303:
6299:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6123:
6118:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6061:
6059:
6057:
6053:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5991:Scholasticism
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5966:Pope Urban II
5964:
5963:
5961:
5959:
5955:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5881:
5877:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5801:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5783:
5779:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5742:Justin Martyr
5740:
5736:
5733:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5691:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5652:New Testament
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5615:Commissioning
5613:
5612:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5559:Apostolic Age
5555:
5551:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5462:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5450:
5446:
5445:Papal primacy
5443:
5442:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5392:
5387:
5385:
5380:
5378:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5357:
5349:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5336:
5333:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5287:Home Missions
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5181:
5180:Saint Francis
5178:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5163:Saint Dominic
5161:
5160:
5159:
5156:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5118:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4976:Bethlehemites
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4944:
4940:
4935:
4931:
4925:
4924:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4903:
4899:
4898:Vatican Radio
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4883:Vatican Media
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4723:
4720:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4180:List of popes
4176:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4143:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3964:Mother of God
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3849:People of God
3847:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3838:
3837:Infallibility
3835:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3713:Body and soul
3711:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3671:
3666:
3662:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3616:Enlightenment
3614:
3612:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3587:Protestantism
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3564:Scholasticism
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3549:Schism (1378)
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3534:Schism (1054)
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3310:
3305:
3303:
3298:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3176:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3118:High and Late
3116:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2934:Benedict XIII
2932:
2930:
2929:Innocent XIII
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2894:Alexander VII
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2763:Innocent VIII
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2743:Callixtus III
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2663:Boniface VIII
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:Celestine III
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2537:Alexander III
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2527:Anastasius IV
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2427:Sylvester III
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2412:Benedict VIII
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1936:Anastasius II
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1652:Pope emeritus
1650:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1610:List of popes
1608:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1364:
1361:
1355:
1350:
1347:
1336:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1296:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1256:
1250:
1241:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1218:, p. 38.
1217:
1212:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1176:
1166:
1157:
1155:
1145:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1121:
1115:
1106:
1097:
1090:
1084:
1077:
1073:
1070:Luigi Tosti,
1067:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1044:
1035:
1028:
1022:
1015:
1009:
1002:
996:
989:
984:
975:
967:
966:
958:
952:
943:
934:
925:
916:
906:
900:
891:
882:
873:
866:
865:Un pape belge
860:
852:
851:
843:
834:
833:
825:
818:
812:
810:
808:
800:
796:
791:
783:
776:
772:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
743:
739:
730:
726:
723:
713:
711:
707:
706:John Gualbert
702:
700:
695:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
667:
658:
656:
652:
648:
643:
641:
637:
631:
629:
625:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
586:
583:
582:San Crisogono
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
552:
547:
538:
536:
532:
531:Empress Agnes
528:
524:
520:
516:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
489:
485:
480:
471:
469:
465:
461:
460:papal legates
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
427:
426:
420:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
364:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
299:
297:
293:
289:
286:. He died in
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
267:monastery of
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
191:
188:, christened
187:
183:
179:
171:
167:
163:
159:
151:29 March 1058
150:
146:
141:
126:
122:
117:
114:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
94:29 March 1058
93:
89:
86:3 August 1057
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
68:
64:
56:
51:
46:
42:
35:
27:
19:
6677:1020s births
6662:German popes
6657:French popes
6586:
6582:Pope Francis
6508:21st century
6457:Pope Paul VI
6434:
6422:
6375:20th century
6362:
6313:Pope Pius IX
6301:19th century
6277:Pope Pius VI
6144:
6016:Latin Empire
5986:Universities
5938:Pope Leo III
5805:Christianity
5790:state church
5782:Great Church
5583:Resurrection
5546:(30–325/476)
5543:Early Church
5528:Latin Church
5523:Papal States
5518:Vatican City
5326:Universities
5158:Third orders
5121:Associations
5111:Visitandines
5106:Trinitarians
5056:Mercedarians
5041:Hieronymites
4986:Camaldoleses
4971:Benedictines
4961:Augustinians
4921:
4914:
4907:
4888:Vatican News
4842:Distinctions
4648:Syro-Malabar
4533:Latin Church
4455:Grand master
4353:Metropolitan
4250:Vatican City
4145:Organisation
4024:Philosophers
3889:Confirmation
3866:In canon law
3860:Subsistit in
3858:
3854:Three states
3841:
3802:
3795:Ecclesiology
3777:Nova Vulgata
3775:
3733:Original sin
3728:Nicene Creed
3718:Divine grace
3677:
3559:Universities
3529:Papal States
3456:Great Church
3398:Resurrection
3375:Early Church
3271:
3259:
3229:World War II
3223:Vatican City
3099:
3070:(until 493)
3034:Benedict XVI
3029:John Paul II
2949:Clement XIII
2944:Benedict XIV
2919:Innocent XII
2853:Clement VIII
2828:Gregory XIII
2808:Marcellus II
2768:Alexander VI
2718:Innocent VII
2683:Benedict XII
2638:Nicholas III
2603:Alexander IV
2593:Celestine IV
2583:Honorius III
2567:Innocent III
2552:Gregory VIII
2512:Celestine II
2497:Callixtus II
2467:Alexander II
2456:
2392:Sylvester II
2372:Benedict VII
2332:Stephen VIII
2217:Benedict III
2071:Adeodatus II
2016:Boniface III
1870:Anastasius I
1559:(in Italian)
1554:
1535:
1524:
1503:
1491:
1482:
1470:
1454:
1445:
1428:
1419:
1408:
1396:
1387:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1294:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1262:
1254:
1249:
1240:
1232:
1223:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1165:
1144:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1119:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1088:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1043:
1034:
1026:
1021:
1013:
1008:
1000:
995:
983:
974:
964:
956:
951:
942:
933:
924:
915:
904:
899:
890:
881:
872:
864:
859:
849:
842:
831:
824:
816:
798:
790:
781:
775:
746:
735:
719:
703:
698:
691:
672:
647:consecration
644:
632:
621:
592:
575:
555:
511:
501:as the next
494:
492:
456:Hagia Sophia
452:Leo of Ohrid
437:
433:Montecassino
430:
423:
394:
370:
337:
305:
274:Stephen was
273:
269:Montecassino
249:Leo of Ohrid
205:Papal States
189:
177:
176:
153:(1058-03-29)
91:Papacy ended
83:Papacy began
26:
6682:1058 deaths
6588:Laudato si'
6383:Pope Pius X
6212:Philip Neri
6187:Pope Pius V
6162:Thomas More
6031:Inquisition
5933:Charlemagne
5893:Monasticism
5703:Persecution
5595:Holy Spirit
5578:Crucifixion
5457:First seven
5316:Health care
5302:Pax Christi
5254:Schoenstatt
5219:Sant'Egidio
5051:Legionaries
5031:Franciscans
5006:Cistercians
5001:Carthusians
4956:Annonciades
4815:Altarpieces
4708:West Syriac
4703:East Syriac
4683:Alexandrian
4307:Holy orders
4288:Swiss Guard
4228:Dicasteries
4223:Roman Curia
4121:Evangelists
4079:Holy Family
4014:Personalism
4004:Natural law
3982:Josephology
3916:Holy orders
3554:Inquisition
3511:Middle Ages
3501:Monasticism
3469:Constantine
3393:Crucifixion
3237:(1945–1991)
3231:(1939–1945)
3219:(1870–1929)
3213:(1775–1848)
3201:(1585–1689)
3195:(1534–1585)
3189:(1417–1534)
3170:(1378–1417)
3164:(1309–1378)
3156:, 1228–1304
3150:, 1262–1297
3144:, 1257–1281
3135:(1048–1257)
3120:Middle Ages
3060:Middle Ages
3024:John Paul I
2999:Benedict XV
2979:Gregory XVI
2954:Clement XIV
2939:Clement XII
2909:Innocent XI
2848:Innocent IX
2843:Gregory XIV
2793:Clement VII
2723:Gregory XII
2713:Boniface IX
2693:Innocent VI
2668:Benedict XI
2658:Celestine V
2653:Nicholas IV
2648:Honorius IV
2598:Innocent IV
2557:Clement III
2507:Innocent II
2502:Honorius II
2492:Gelasius II
2472:Gregory VII
2462:Nicholas II
2422:Benedict IX
2367:Benedict VI
2342:Agapetus II
2317:Stephen VII
2292:Sergius III
2282:Benedict IV
2272:Theodore II
2257:Boniface VI
2156:Stephen III
2136:Gregory III
2126:Constantine
2091:Benedict II
2026:Adeodatus I
2021:Boniface IV
2001:Pelagius II
1961:Boniface II
1901:Celestine I
1840:Sylvester I
1825:Marcellus I
1820:Marcellinus
1755:Callixtus I
1740:Eleutherius
1715:Telesphorus
1705:Alexander I
1627:Papal names
1496:(in French)
1401:(in French)
908:(in German)
753:Nicholas II
710:Vallombrosa
561:, Cardinal
484:Virgin Mary
352:Pope Leo IX
265:Benedictine
197: 1020
135: 1020
113:Nicholas II
99:Predecessor
6646:Categories
6461:coronation
6167:Pope Leo X
5752:Tertullian
5682:Revelation
5657:Background
5071:Oratorians
5026:Dominicans
4996:Carmelites
4991:Camillians
4939:institutes
4752:Tridentine
4688:Antiochian
4608:Macedonian
4553:Belarusian
4443:Provincial
4358:Archbishop
4278:Roman Rota
4240:Properties
4165:By country
4161:Precedence
4126:Confessors
4106:Archangels
4096:Patriarchs
3996:Philosophy
3974:Veneration
3939:Assumption
3909:Last rites
3876:Sacraments
3820:Four marks
3631:Vatican II
3579:Modern era
3415:Succession
3180:Modern Era
3110:(974–1012)
3014:John XXIII
2924:Clement XI
2899:Clement IX
2889:Innocent X
2884:Urban VIII
2879:Gregory XV
2803:Julius III
2738:Nicholas V
2703:Gregory XI
2688:Clement VI
2623:Innocent V
2613:Clement IV
2588:Gregory IX
2542:Lucius III
2522:Eugene III
2487:Paschal II
2477:Victor III
2457:Stephen IX
2442:Damasus II
2437:Clement II
2432:Gregory VI
2407:Sergius IV
2402:John XVIII
2352:Benedict V
2337:Marinus II
2262:Stephen VI
2242:Adrian III
2222:Nicholas I
2207:Sergius II
2202:Gregory IV
2182:Stephen IV
2146:Stephen II
2131:Gregory II
2051:Theodore I
2036:Honorius I
2031:Boniface V
1996:Benedict I
1986:Pelagius I
1971:Agapetus I
1931:Gelasius I
1921:Simplicius
1906:Sixtus III
1896:Boniface I
1886:Innocent I
1750:Zephyrinus
1664:Pope-elect
1640:non-extant
1216:Bloch 1986
757:Benedict X
683:Desiderius
596:Hildebrand
409:Capitanata
348:archdeacon
233:chancellor
60:Stephen IX
18:Stephen IX
6477:Communism
6447:Ecumenism
5793:(380–451)
5785:(180–451)
5774:(313–476)
5696:(100–325)
5312:See also:
5264:Charities
5173:Discalced
5101:Trappists
5096:Theatines
5066:Olivetans
5011:Clarisses
4981:Blue nuns
4966:Basilians
4943:societies
4851:See also:
4737:Mozarabic
4727:Ambrosian
4713:Malankara
4698:Byzantine
4658:Ukrainian
4633:Ruthenian
4598:Hungarian
4583:Ethiopian
4558:Bulgarian
4525:sui iuris
4509:Postulant
4418:Religious
4373:Auxiliary
4368:Coadjutor
4338:Patriarch
4206:Cardinals
4153:Canon law
4149:Hierarchy
4131:Disciples
4054:Relations
4042:Evolution
4033:See also:
3978:See also:
3931:Mariology
3921:Matrimony
3894:Eucharist
3815:Ecumenism
3743:Salvation
3679:Catechism
3674:Tradition
3636:Communism
3484:Chalcedon
3104:(904–964)
3096:(756–857)
3090:(537–752)
3084:(493–537)
3076:(312–337)
2974:Pius VIII
2904:Clement X
2838:Urban VII
2788:Adrian VI
2778:Julius II
2758:Sixtus IV
2733:Eugene IV
2678:John XXII
2673:Clement V
2643:Martin IV
2618:Gregory X
2547:Urban III
2532:Adrian IV
2517:Lucius II
2452:Victor II
2397:John XVII
2387:Gregory V
2362:John XIII
2247:Stephen V
2237:Marinus I
2232:John VIII
2227:Adrian II
2197:Valentine
2192:Eugene II
2187:Paschal I
2121:Sisinnius
2106:Sergius I
2041:Severinus
2006:Gregory I
1976:Silverius
1946:Hormisdas
1941:Symmachus
1926:Felix III
1860:Damasus I
1835:Miltiades
1810:Eutychian
1800:Dionysius
1795:Sixtus II
1790:Stephen I
1780:Cornelius
1700:Evaristus
1695:Clement I
1690:Anacletus
1620:canonised
1615:graphical
1137:Stephen X
1122:, p. 149.
694:Alfanus I
559:Pentecost
374:Benevento
190:Frederick
186:Stephanus
109:Successor
103:Victor II
6487:HIV/AIDS
5981:Crusades
5735:Irenaeus
5728:Ignatius
5723:Polycarp
5573:Ministry
5561:(30–100)
5435:Timeline
5356:Category
5249:Opus Dei
5234:Scouting
5224:Focolare
5091:Servites
5076:Piarists
5021:Crosiers
4757:Anglican
4693:Armenian
4623:Romanian
4613:Maronite
4588:Georgian
4578:Eritrean
4563:Chaldean
4548:Armenian
4543:Albanian
4424:Superior
4383:Emeritus
4363:Diocesan
4216:Advisers
4175:Holy See
4101:Prophets
4059:Politics
3830:Catholic
3810:Councils
3665:Theology
3544:Crusades
3479:Nicaea I
3410:Apostles
3388:Ministry
3357:Timeline
3337:Glossary
3261:Category
3235:Cold War
3009:Pius XII
2989:Leo XIII
2964:Pius VII
2833:Sixtus V
2798:Paul III
2773:Pius III
2728:Martin V
2708:Urban VI
2633:John XXI
2628:Adrian V
2608:Urban IV
2482:Urban II
2417:John XIX
2377:John XIV
2357:Leo VIII
2347:John XII
2252:Formosus
2161:Adrian I
2116:John VII
2066:Vitalian
2061:Eugene I
2056:Martin I
2011:Sabinian
1991:John III
1981:Vigilius
1956:Felix IV
1916:Hilarius
1865:Siricius
1855:Liberius
1850:Julius I
1830:Eusebius
1785:Lucius I
1745:Victor I
1730:Anicetus
1710:Sixtus I
1647:Antipope
1435:Archived
1385:(1986).
761:antipope
722:Florence
571:dalmatic
523:Henry IV
468:Holy See
413:Civitate
288:Florence
158:Florence
140:Lorraine
6452:Judaism
5852:Vulgate
5662:Gospels
5637:Stephen
5554:Origins
5474:Vulgate
5410:General
5400:of the
5398:History
5321:Schools
5277:Caritas
5185:Secular
5151:Workers
5046:Jesuits
4832:Museums
4827:Library
4805:Writers
4800:Artists
4780:Culture
4747:Paul VI
4628:Russian
4618:Melkite
4460:Brother
4438:General
4378:Titular
4348:Primate
4326:Eparchy
4316:Diocese
4263:Outline
4202:College
4192:Francis
4136:Virgins
4111:Martyrs
4037:Science
3944:History
3899:Penance
3884:Baptism
3785:Worship
3758:Vulgate
3706:Kingdom
3701:Trinity
3689:General
3444:Primacy
3352:History
3332:Outline
3154:Perugia
3148:Orvieto
3142:Viterbo
3039:Francis
3019:Paul VI
3004:Pius XI
2984:Pius IX
2969:Leo XII
2959:Pius VI
2818:Pius IV
2813:Paul IV
2753:Paul II
2748:Pius II
2698:Urban V
2382:John XV
2327:Leo VII
2322:John XI
2277:John IX
2267:Romanus
2166:Leo III
2141:Zachary
2111:John VI
2046:John IV
1966:John II
1891:Zosimus
1805:Felix I
1770:Anterus
1765:Pontian
1760:Urban I
1720:Hyginus
1597:of the
1332:Sources
1231:", in:
867:, p. 5.
651:Stigand
612:crowned
567:sandals
515:Bodfeld
495:pecunia
407:in the
401:Argyros
367:Travels
340:canonry
276:elected
237:legates
6418:Nazism
6240:to the
5847:Jerome
5757:Origen
5440:Papacy
5199:Fimcap
5141:Marian
5061:Minims
4793:Marian
4643:Syriac
4638:Slovak
4568:Coptic
4504:Oblate
4499:Master
4494:Novice
4489:Hermit
4477:Sister
4433:Abbess
4400:Deacon
4395:Priest
4390:Parish
4333:Bishop
4303:Polity
4089:Joseph
4071:Saints
3738:Saints
3626:Nazism
2994:Pius X
2874:Paul V
2869:Leo XI
2823:Pius V
2447:Leo IX
2312:Leo VI
2307:John X
2212:Leo IV
2151:Paul I
2096:John V
2086:Leo II
2081:Agatho
1951:John I
1775:Fabian
1725:Pius I
1635:extant
1631:Tombs
1511:
955:Kehr,
600:chosen
589:Papacy
541:Abbacy
535:regent
519:Aachen
474:Refuge
302:Family
73:Church
6652:Popes
6520:Islam
5788:Roman
5747:Canon
5620:Peter
5568:Jesus
5297:CIDSE
5146:Youth
4870:Media
4837:Music
4762:Zaire
4742:Roman
4732:Braga
4722:Latin
4593:Greek
4465:Friar
4429:Abbot
4343:Major
4258:Index
4157:Laity
3723:Dogma
3670:Bible
3646:Islam
3602:Trent
3383:Jesus
3365:Legal
3327:Index
2783:Leo X
2302:Lando
2287:Leo V
2101:Conon
2076:Donus
1911:Leo I
1815:Caius
1735:Soter
1685:Linus
1680:Peter
1595:Popes
390:Worms
221:Liège
217:canon
182:Latin
6570:2023
6565:2019
6560:2016
6555:2013
6550:2011
6545:2008
6540:2005
6535:2002
6530:2000
6497:1995
5667:Acts
5630:Paul
5625:John
5600:Mary
4822:Folk
4470:Monk
4211:List
4189:Pope
4084:Mary
1845:Mark
1509:ISBN
687:Bari
569:and
503:pope
386:bull
257:pope
225:Rome
148:Died
124:Born
55:Pope
5556:and
5506:Art
5136:Lay
4788:Art
4482:Nun
4204:of
3696:God
580:of
358:of
342:in
294:as
239:to
227:by
219:in
6648::
4941:,
4431:,
1469:.
1153:^
1052:^
806:^
797:,
614:.
486:,
470:.
399:,
298:.
271:.
259:,
194:c.
192:;
184::
160:,
132:c.
6463:)
6459:(
5390:e
5383:t
5376:v
4936:,
4420::
4309:)
4305:(
4182:)
4178:(
3308:e
3301:t
3294:v
1587:e
1580:t
1573:v
1517:.
1227:"
990:.
180:(
36:.
20:)
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