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Spicerie
Gatehouse and the Kitchen Gatehouse. The Spicerie Gatehouse was the main entrance into the palace, while the Kitchen Gatehouse simply led into the kitchen courtyard. The great hall had numerous large windows looking out across the ward. The range had an unusual, unified roof-line and, with a taller roof than the rest of the palace, would have been highly distinctive. The Rose Tower, designed for the king's private use, set off the west corner of the range. The result was a "great and apparently architecturally unified palace ... uniform in all sorts of ways, as to roof line, window heights, cornice line, floor and ceiling heights". With the exception of the Hall, Chapel and the Great Chamber, the new interiors all shared a similar height and width. The defensive features, however, were primarily for show, possibly to provide a backdrop for jousting between the two-halves of the Order of the Garter.
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2190:, George attempted to "transform the exterior of the buildings in the Upper Ward into a Gothic palace, while retaining the character of the Hugh May state rooms". The outside of the building was restyled with Gothic features, including new battlements and turrets. Inside, conservation work was undertaken, and several new rooms constructed, including a new Gothic staircase to replace May's 17th-century version, complete with the Grand Vestibule ceiling above it. New paintings were purchased for the castle, and collections from other royal palaces moved there by the king. The cost of the work came to over £150,000 (£100 million in 2008 terms). The king undertook extensive work in the castle's Great Park as well, laying out the new Norfolk and Flemish farms, creating two dairies and restoring
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North Wharf into a permanent, huge stone terrace, complete with statues, carvings and an octagonal, outdoor banqueting house, raising the western end of the terrace to provide more privacy. The chapel was refitted with stalls, a gallery and a new ceiling. A bridge was built over the ditch to the south of the castle to enable easier access to the park. Elizabeth built a gallery range of buildings on the west end of the Upper Ward, alongside Henry VII's tower. Elizabeth increasingly used the castle for diplomatic engagements, but space continued to prove a challenge as the property was simply not as large as the more modern royal palaces. This flow of foreign visitors was captured for the queen's entertainment in
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91:
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repairing the castle so as to incorporate modern designs. The decision was taken to largely follow the pre-fire architecture with some changes to reflect modern tastes and cost, but fresh questions emerged over whether the restoration should be undertaken to "authentic" or "equivalent" restoration standards. Modern methods were used at
Windsor to reproduce the equivalent pre-fire appearance, partially due to the cost. The restoration programme was completed in 1997 at a total cost of £37 million (£67 million in 2015 terms).
2666:
that one of the spotlights being used in the work set fire to a curtain by the altar during the morning. The fire spread quickly and destroyed nine of the principal state rooms and severely damaged more than 100 others. Fire-fighters applied water to contain the blaze, while castle staff attempted to rescue the precious artworks from the castle. Many of the rooms closest to the fire had been emptied as part of the renovation work, and this contributed to the successful evacuation of most of the collection.
1555:. As part of this process Edward decided to rebuild Windsor Castle, in particular Henry III's palace, in an attempt to construct a castle that would be symbolic of royal power and chivalry. Edward was influenced both by the military successes of his grandfather, Edward I, and by the decline of royal authority under his father, Edward II, and aimed to produce an innovative, "self-consciously aesthetic, muscled, martial architecture".
2876:
2727:. In terms of population, Windsor Castle is the largest inhabited castle in the world and the longest-occupied palace in Europe, but it also remains a functioning royal home. As of 2006, around 500 people were living and working in the castle. Elizabeth II had increasingly used the castle as a royal palace as well as her weekend home before her death. In recent years, Windsor Castle has hosted visits from
1523:"one of the high-water marks of English medieval art". The conversion cost more than £10,000. The result was to create a division in the castle between a more private Upper Ward and a Lower Ward devoted to the public face of the monarchy. Little further building was carried out at the castle during the 13th century; the Great Hall in the Lower Ward was destroyed by fire in 1296, but it was not rebuilt.
117:
1506:, who further strengthened the defences. The walls of the Lower Ward were rebuilt in stone, complete with a gatehouse in the location of the future Henry VIII Gate, between 1224 and 1230. Three new towers, the Curfew, Garter and the Salisbury towers, were constructed. The Middle Ward was heavily reinforced with a southern stone wall, protected by the new Edward III and Henry III towers at each end.
2628:
decorated", a "gradual attrition of the original vibrancy of effect, as each change repeated a more faded version of the last". A programme of repair work to replace the heating and the wiring of the Upper Ward began in 1988. Work was also undertaken to underpin the motte of the Round Tower after fresh subsidence was detected in 1988, threatening the collapse of the tower.
2286:, have criticised Wyatville's work as representing an act of vandalism of May's earlier designs. The work was unfinished at the time of George IV's death in 1830, but was broadly completed by Wyatville's death in 1840. The total expenditure on the castle had soared to the colossal sum of over one million pounds (£817 million in 2008 terms) by the end of the project.
1687:, born at Windsor Castle and known as Henry of Windsor, became king at the young age of nine months. His long period of minority, coupled with the increasing tensions between Henry's Lancastrian supporters and the Yorkists, distracted attention from Windsor. The Garter Feasts and other ceremonial activities at the castle became more infrequent and less well attended.
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beginning to appear in the stonework of the south side. Henry replaced the keep with another stone shell keep and chemise wall, but moved the walls in from the edge of the motte to relieve the pressure on the mound, and added massive foundations along the south side to provide additional support. Inside the castle Henry remodelled the royal accommodation.
1514:, Henry built a luxurious palace in 1240–1263, based around a court along the north side of the Upper Ward. This was intended primarily for the queen and Henry's children. In the Lower Ward, the king ordered the construction of a range of buildings for his own use along the south wall, including a 70 ft (21 m) long chapel, later called the
1943:, a prominent Royalist general, attempted to relieve Windsor Castle that November. Rupert's small force of cavalry was able to take the town of Windsor, but was unable to overcome the walls at Windsor Castle – in due course, Rupert was forced to retreat. Over the winter of 1642–1643, Windsor Castle was converted into the headquarters for the
2516:, who had a strong interest in furniture and decoration. Mary sought out and re-acquired items of furniture that had been lost or sold from the castle, including many dispersed by Edward VII, and also acquired many new works of art to furnish the state rooms. Queen Mary was also a lover of all things miniature, and a famous
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declared extinguished the next morning. Along with the fire and smoke damage, one of the unintended effects of the fire-fighting was the considerable water damage to the castle; more than 1.5 million gallons of water were used to extinguish it, which in many ways caused more complex restoration problems than the fire.
1009:. The style comprises "the rather stripped, cool and systematic coherence of modernism sewn into a reinterpretation of the Gothic tradition". Downes argues that the style avoids "florid decoration", emphasising an organic, flowing Gothic structure. Three new rooms were built or remodelled by Downes at Windsor. Downes' new
1386:, or bluff, rising 100 ft (30 m) above the river. A second wooden bailey was constructed to the east of the keep, forming the later Upper Ward. By the end of the century, another bailey had been constructed to the west, creating the basic shape of the modern castle. In design, Windsor most closely resembled
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room, restored after the fire, includes a huge French Rococo ceiling, characterised by Ian
Constantinides, the lead restorer, as possessing a "coarseness of form and crudeness of hand ... completely overshadowed by the sheer spectacular effect when you are at a distance". The room is set off by a set of restored
1021:, and is where the pre-fire chapel built for Queen Victoria was located. The new Private Chapel is relatively intimate, only able to fit thirty worshippers, but combines architectural elements of the St George's Hall roof with the Lantern Lobby and the stepped arch structure of the Henry VIII chapel vaulting at
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create a more dramatic appearance; many of the rooms in the State
Apartments were rebuilt or remodelled; numerous new towers were created, much higher than the older versions. The south range of the ward was rebuilt to provide private accommodation for the king, away from the state rooms. The statue of
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style to
England at Carlton House, preferred a blend of periods and styles, and applied this taste to Windsor. The terraces were closed off to visitors for greater privacy and the exterior of the Upper Ward was completely remodelled into its current appearance. The Round Tower was raised in height to
2011:
During the
Interregnum, however, squatters had occupied Windsor Castle. As a result, the "King's house was a wreck; the fanatic, the pilferer, and the squatter, having been at work ... Paupers had squatted in many of the towers and cabinets". Shortly after returning to England, Charles appointed
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into a proposed shrine to Henry VI, whose canonisation was then considered imminent. In the event, Henry VI was not canonised and the project was abandoned, although the shrine continued to attract a flood of pilgrims. Henry VII appears to have remodelled the King's
Chamber in the palace, and had the
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Edward built further luxurious, self-contained lodgings for his court around the east and south edges of the Upper Ward, creating the modern shape of the quadrangle. The Norman gate was built to secure the west entrance to the Ward. In the Lower Ward, the chapel was enlarged and remodelled with grand
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in Paris in size and quality. Henry repaired the Great Hall that lay along the north side of the Lower Ward, and enlarged it with a new kitchen and built a covered walkway between the Hall and the kitchen. Henry's work was characterised by the religious overtones of the rich decorations, which formed
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The ground floor of the State
Apartments retains various famous medieval features. The 14th-century Great Undercroft still survives, some 193 feet (59 m) long by 31 feet (9.4 m) wide, divided into 13 bays. At the time of the 1992 fire, the Undercroft had been divided into smaller rooms; the
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A handful of rooms in the modern State
Apartments reflect either 18th-century or Victorian Gothic design. The State Dining Room, for example, whose current design originates from the 1850s but which was badly damaged during the 1992 fire, is restored to its appearance in the 1920s, before the removal
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lived for safety in the castle, with the roof above their rooms specially strengthened in case of attack. The king and queen drove daily to London, returning to
Windsor to sleep, although at the time this was a well-kept secret, as for propaganda and morale purposes it was reported that the king was
2007:
had caused extensive damage to the royal palaces in England. At the same time the shifting "functional requirements, patterns of movement, modes of transport, aesthetic taste and standards of comfort" among royal circles was changing the qualities being sought in a successful palace. Windsor was the
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Henry rebuilt the principal castle gateway in about 1510 and constructed a tennis court at the base of the motte in the Upper Ward. He also built a long terrace, called the North Wharf, along the outside wall of the Upper Ward; constructed of wood, it was designed to provide a commanding view of the
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Windsor Castle's position on top of steep ground has meant that the castle's gardens are limited in scale. The castle gardens stretch east from the Upper Ward across a 19th-century terrace. Windsor Castle is surrounded by extensive parkland. The immediate area stretching to the east of the castle is
798:
The Upper Ward of Windsor Castle comprises a number of major buildings enclosed by the upper bailey wall, forming a central quadrangle. The State Apartments run along the north of the ward, with a range of buildings along the east wall, and the private royal apartments and the King George IV Gate to
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On the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 the castle was readied for war-time conditions. Many of the staff from Buckingham Palace were moved to Windsor for safety, security was tightened and windows were blacked-out. There was significant concern that the castle might be damaged or destroyed
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came to the throne in 1901 and immediately set about modernising Windsor Castle with "enthusiasm and zest". Many of the rooms in the Upper Ward were de-cluttered and redecorated for the first time in many years, with Edward "peering into cabinets; ransacking drawers; clearing rooms formerly used by
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of the period. Indeed, it has been argued that Windsor reached its social peak during the Victorian era, seeing the introduction of invitations to numerous prominent figures to "dine and sleep" at the castle. Victoria took a close interest in the details of how Windsor Castle was run, including the
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to expand out into the North Terrace, rebuilding and widening it in the process. This new building was called the Star Building, because Charles II placed a huge gilt Garter star on the side of it. May took down and rebuilt the walls of Edward III's hall and chapel, incorporating larger windows but
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meanings. Restored or replaced after the fire, these trophies are famous for their "vitality, precision and three-dimensional quality", and were originally brought from Carlton House in 1826, some being originally imported from France and others carved by Edward Wyatt. The soft furnishings of these
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On 20 November 1992, a major fire occurred at Windsor Castle, lasting for 15 hours and causing widespread damage to the Upper Ward. The Private Chapel in the north-east corner of the State Apartments was being renovated as part of a long term programme of work within the castle, and it is believed
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and furnished by leading craftsmen and designers of the 1930s. George V was committed to maintaining a high standard of court life at Windsor Castle, adopting the motto that everything was to be "of the best". A large staff was still kept at the castle, with around 660 servants working in the
2024:
court. Charles attempted to restock Windsor Great Park with deer brought over from Germany, but the herds never recovered their pre-war size. Rupert created apartments for himself in the Round Tower, decorated with an "extraordinary" number of weapons and armour, with his inner chambers "hung with
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converted much of this into an Italian Renaissance design, before Wolsey's fall from power brought an end to the project, with contemporaries estimating that around £60,000 (£295 million in 2008 terms) had been spent on the work. Henry continued the project, but it remained unfinished when he
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in 1475, resulting in the dismantling of several of the older buildings in the Lower Ward. By building the grand chapel Edward was seeking to show that his new dynasty were the permanent rulers of England, and may also have been attempting to deliberately rival the similar chapel that Henry VI had
1578:
Edward's new palace consisted of three courts along the north side of the Upper Ward, called Little Cloister, King's Cloister and the Kitchen Court. At the front of the palace lay the St George's Hall range, which combined a new hall and a new chapel. This range had two symmetrical gatehouses, the
737:
and Gothic design generating "a sense that a theatrical performance is being put on here", despite late 20th century efforts to expose more of the older structures to increase the sense of authenticity. Although there has been some criticism, the castle's architecture and history lends it a "place
1932:
in style. Looting began immediately: Edward IV's bejewelled coat of mail was stolen; the chapel's organs, windows and books destroyed; the Lady Chapel was emptied of valuables, including the component parts of Henry VIII's unfinished tomb. By the end of the war, some 3,580 ounces (101 kg) of
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cannons were purchased for the castle's defence. It became one of her favourite locations and she spent more money on the property than on any of her other palaces. She conducted some modest building works at Windsor, including a wide range of repairs to the existing structures. She converted the
1758:
enjoyed Windsor Castle, as a young man "exercising himself daily in shooting, singing, dancing, wrestling, casting of the bar, playing at the recorders, flute, virginals, in setting of songs and making of ballads". The tradition of the Garter Feasts was maintained and became more extravagant; the
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was born at Windsor Castle and used it extensively throughout his reign. In 1344 the king announced the foundation of the new Order of the Round Table at the castle. Edward began to construct a new building in the castle to host this order, but it was never finished. Chroniclers described it as a
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The Queen's Drawing Room, Queen's Ballroom, Queen's Audience Chamber, Queen's Presence Chamber, Queen's Guard Chamber, King's Presence Chamber, King's Audience Room, King's Drawing Chamber and King's Dining Chamber residing in May's 17th-century structure; Wyatville transformed the layout of the
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to the public at selected times of the year, and by introducing new charges for public access to the parkland surrounding Windsor. The second major issue concerned how to repair the castle. Some suggested that the damaged rooms should be restored to their original appearance, but others favoured
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assisted in the design of the Queen's Private Audience Chamber in the south range. Blore and Salvin also did extensive work in the Lower Ward, under the direction of Prince Albert, including the Hundred Steps leading down into Windsor town, rebuilding the Garter, Curfew and Salisbury towers, the
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in overall charge of the rebuilding and design of the new castle and while work was ongoing Edward stayed in temporary accommodation in the Round Tower. Between 1350 and 1377 Edward spent £51,000 on renovating Windsor Castle; this was the largest amount spent by any English medieval monarch on a
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or France, are in fact 19th-century imitations in plasterwork and wood, designed to blend with original elements. The Grand Reception Room is the most prominent of these Rococo designs, 100 feet (30 m) long and 40 feet (12 m) tall and occupying the site of Edward III's great hall. This
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and their two children took up residence. By the early 1990s, however, there had been a marked deterioration in the quality of the Upper Ward, in particular the State Apartments. Generations of repairs and replacements had resulted in a "diminution of the richness with which they had first been
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after Albert's death and instead used Windsor Castle as her residence when conducting official business near London. Towards the end of her reign, plays, operas, and other entertainments slowly began to be held at the castle again, accommodating both the Queen's desire for entertainment and her
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was already living in it and refused to move out. Instead, George had to move into the Upper Lodge, later called the Queen's Lodge, and started the long process of renovating the castle and the surrounding parks. Initially the atmosphere at the castle remained very informal, with local children
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came to the throne in 1154 and built extensively at Windsor between 1165 and 1179. Henry replaced the wooden palisade surrounding the upper ward with a stone wall interspersed with square towers and built the first King's Gate. The first stone keep was suffering from subsidence, and cracks were
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movement of the late 18th century. Archaeological and restoration work following the 1992 fire has shown the extent to which the current structure represents a survival of elements from the original 12th-century stone walls onwards, presented within the context of Wyatville's final remodelling.
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The fire spread through the roof voids and efforts continued through the night to contain the blaze, at great risk to the 200 fire-fighters involved. It was not until late afternoon that the blaze began to come under control, although the fire continued during the night before being officially
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when he was staying at the castle. The result became an "exemplar" for royal buildings for the next twenty-five years. The result of May's work showed a medievalist leaning; although sometimes criticised for its "dullness", May's reconstruction was both sympathetic to the existing castle and a
1808:
disliked Windsor Castle. Edward's Protestant beliefs led him to simplify the Garter ceremonies, to discontinue the annual Feast of the Garter at Windsor and to remove any signs of Catholic practices with the Order. During the rebellions and political strife of 1549, Windsor was again used as a
852:, originally started at the castle in the 17th century to give stonework from disparate periods a similar appearance. The skyline of the Upper Ward is designed to be dramatic when seen from a distance or silhouetted against the horizon, an image of tall towers and battlements influenced by the
2384:, preferring candles; electric lighting was only installed in limited parts of the castle at the end of her reign. Indeed, the castle was famously cold and draughty in Victoria's reign, but it was connected to a nearby reservoir, with water reliably piped into the interior for the first time.
1575:. Windsor Castle was already a substantial building before Edward began expanding it, making the investment all the more impressive, and much of the expenditure was lavished on rich furnishings. The castle was "the most expensive secular building project of the entire Middle Ages in England".
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at the end of the 18th century, and are decorated with a unique set of brass plates showing the arms of the Knights of the Garter over the last six centuries. On the west side, the chapel has a grand Victorian door and staircase, used on ceremonial occasions. The east stained glass window is
884:
The interior of the State Apartments was mostly designed by Wyatville in the early 19th century. Wyatville intended each room to illustrate a particular architectural style and to display the matching furnishings and fine arts of the period. With some alterations over the years, this concept
901:
in places. Many of the rooms on the eastern end of the castle had to be restored following the 1992 fire, using "equivalent restoration" methods – the rooms were restored so as to appear similar to their original appearance, but using modern materials and concealing modern structural
1966:
moved into Windsor in November and decided to try Charles for treason. Charles was held at Windsor again for the last three weeks of his reign; after his execution in January 1649, his body was taken back to Windsor that night through a snowstorm, to be interred without ceremony in the
1927:
took control of Windsor Castle with twelve companies of foot soldiers to protect the route along the Thames river, becoming the governor of the castle for the duration of the war. The contents of St George's Chapel were both valuable and, to many Parliamentary forces, inappropriately
1763:, a huge uprising in the north of England against Henry's rule in 1536, the king used Windsor as a secure base in the south from which to manage his military response. Throughout the Tudor period, Windsor was also used as a safe retreat in the event of plagues occurring in London.
793:
The South Wing of the Upper Ward; the Official Entrance to the State Apartments is on the left, the monarch's entrance to private apartments is left-centre in the corner, and the gateway near centre leads to the Long Walk in the Home Park. A statue of Charles II on horseback is at
2407:. These changes allowed the royal family to undertake the enclosure of a large area of parkland to form the private "Home Park" with no public roads passing through it. The Queen granted additional rights for public access to the remainder of the park as part of this arrangement.
1817:, some limited building work continued at the castle, in many cases using resources recovered from the English abbeys. Water was piped into the Upper Ward to create a fountain. Mary also expanded the buildings used by the Knights of Windsor in the Lower Ward, using stone from
2056:. At Windsor, Charles created "the most extravagantly Baroque interiors ever executed in England". Much of the building work was paid for out of increased royal revenues from Ireland during the 1670s. French court etiquette at the time required a substantial number of
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on grounds of economy. At the time of the fire, however, the British press strongly argued in favour of the Queen herself being required to pay for the repairs from her private income. A solution was found in which the restoration work would be paid for by opening
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features reinvented in a modern style. Since the 14th century, architecture at the castle has attempted to produce a contemporary reinterpretation of older fashions and traditions, repeatedly imitating outmoded or even antiquated styles. As a result, architect Sir
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has continued, following on from limited investigations in the 1970s, the work on the Round Tower from 1988 to 1992 and the investigations following the 1992 fire. During 2007, 993,000 tourists visited the castle. This has had to be achieved in co-ordination with
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styles, but the king came to favour a more Gothic style, both as a consequence of the Palladian style becoming overused and poorly implemented, and because the Gothic form had come to be seen as a more honest, national style of English design in the light of the
770:, due to the shape and structure of the motte beneath it. The current height of the tower has been criticised as being disproportionate to its width; archaeologist Tim Tatton-Brown, for example, has described it as a mutilation of the earlier medieval structure.
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On Christmas Day 2021, while Queen Elizabeth was staying at Windsor Castle, 19-year-old Jaswant Singh Chail broke into the gardens using a rope ladder and carrying a crossbow. Before he could enter any buildings Chail was arrested and later sectioned under the
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Traditionally the Upper Ward was judged to be "to all intents and purposes a nineteenth century creation ... the image of what the early nineteenth-century thought a castle should be", as a result of the extensive redesign of the castle by Wyatville under
711:
Windsor Castle grounds cover 13 acres (5.3 hectares) and combines the features of a fortification, a palace, and a small town. The present-day castle was created during a sequence of phased building projects, culminating in the reconstruction work after a
959:. The Queen's Presence Chamber, the Queen's Audience Chamber and the King's Dining Room are designed in a Baroque, Franco-Italian style, characterised by "gilded interiors enriched with florid murals", first introduced to England between 1648 and 1650 at
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This resulted in a change to the official distance to the race; the previous length of a marathon had been around 24 miles; since 1908, the distance has been set at 26 miles and 385 yards, the distance between Windsor Castle and the main
2928:"Authentic restoration" involves using original materials and methods; "equivalent restoration", as at Windsor, can integrate modern "fire compartmentation, service ducting, hygienic materials and strengthened floors", provided they cannot be seen.
1041:, although the floor remains artificially raised for convenience of use. The "beautifully vaulted" 14th-century Larderie passage runs alongside the Kitchen Courtyard and is decorated with carved royal roses, marking its construction by Edward III.
2210:
at Kew, where he temporarily recovered. After relapses in 1801 and 1804, his condition became enduring from 1810 onwards and he was confined in the State Apartments of Windsor Castle, with building work on the castle ceasing the following year.
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with a small staff in what became known as 'HMS Bubble' – a jocular reference to the UK Government's rules on household support 'bubbles' during the pandemic. The pandemic also meant that they celebrated Christmas at Windsor Castle rather than
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roof of the Great Kitchen rebuilt in 1489. He also built a three-storied tower on the west end of the palace, which he used for his personal apartments. Windsor began to be used for international diplomatic events, including the grand visit of
877:, with the ground floor comprising service chambers and cellars, and the much grander first floor forming the main part of the palace. On the first floor, the layout of the western end of the State Apartments is primarily the work of architect
1981:
1721:
Henry VII made more use of Windsor. In 1488, shortly after succeeding to the throne, he held a massive feast for the Order of the Garter at the castle. He completed the roof of St George's Chapel, and set about converting the older eastern
2616:. After the war the king revived the "dine and sleep" events at Windsor, following comments that the castle had become "almost like a vast, empty museum"; nonetheless, it took many years to restore Windsor Castle to its pre-war condition.
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announced a £27m project to reinstate the original entrance hall of the castle to visitors, as well as a new café in the 14th-century undercroft. The new entrance was opened at the end of 2019. From March 2020, the Queen and her husband,
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below. The design included an outside staircase into the king's apartments, which made the monarch's life more comfortable at the expense of considerably weakening the castle's defences. Early in his reign, Henry had given the eastern
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in 1606 that became infamous across Europe for the resulting drunken behaviour of the two kings. The absence of space at Windsor continued to prove problematic, with James' English and Scottish retinues often quarrelling over rooms.
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1222:. These buildings originate from the 16th century and are still used by the Knights, who represent the Order of the Garter each Sunday. On the south side of the Ward is King Henry VIII's gateway, which bears the coat of arms of
963:. Verrio's paintings are "drenched in medievalist allusion" and classical images. These rooms were intended to show an innovative English "baroque fusion" of the hitherto separate arts of architecture, painting and carving.
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The Lower Ward lies below and to the west of the Round Tower, reached through the Norman Gate. Originally largely of medieval design, most of the Lower Ward was renovated or reconstructed during the mid-Victorian period by
1017:; the design attempts to create an illusion of additional height through the gothic woodwork along the ceiling. The Lantern Lobby used to welcome guests features flowing oak columns forming a vaulted ceiling, imitating an
781:, traditional symbols of majesty, to form an impressive entrance to the Upper Ward. Wyatville redesigned the exterior of the gatehouse, and the interior was later heavily converted in the 19th century for residential use.
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went further, rebuilding the palace to make an even grander set of buildings in what would become "the most expensive secular building project of the entire Middle Ages in England". Edward's core design lasted through the
930:, but project them on a "vastly inflated" scale. Investigations after the 1992 fire have shown though that many Rococo features of the modern castle, originally thought to have been 18th-century fittings transferred from
2205:
At the end of this period Windsor Castle became a place of royal confinement. In 1788 the king first became ill during a dinner at Windsor Castle; diagnosed as suffering from madness, he was removed for a period to the
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single building operation, and over one and a half times Edward's typical annual income of £30,000. Some of the costs of the castle were paid from the results of ransoms following Edward's victories at the battles of
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has praised the State Apartments as "a superb and unrivalled sequence of rooms widely regarded as the finest and most complete expression of later Georgian taste." Others, such as architect Robin Nicolson and critic
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reversed this trend when he came to the throne in 1760. George disliked Hampton Court and was attracted by the park at Windsor Castle. George wanted to move into the Ranger's House by the castle, but his brother,
1547:
round building, 200 ft (61 m) across, and it was probably in the centre of the Upper Ward. Shortly afterwards, Edward abandoned the new order for reasons that remain unclear, and instead established the
1194:
Behind the Horseshoe Cloister is the Curfew Tower, one of the oldest surviving parts of the Lower Ward and dating from the 13th century. The interior of the tower contains a former dungeon, and the remnants of a
1509:
Windsor Castle was one of Henry III's three favourite residences and he invested heavily in the royal accommodation, spending more money at Windsor than in any other of his properties. Following his marriage to
1243:
estate. The Long Walk, a double lined avenue of trees, runs for 2.65 miles (4.26 km) south of the castle, and is 240 ft (73 m) wide. The original 17th century elms were replaced with alternating
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retaining the height and dimensions of the medieval building. Although Windsor Castle was now big enough to hold the entire court, it was not built with chambers for the King's Council, as would be found in
3112:
831:
production during World War II, tended in part by Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret. In 2020 it was announced that for a limited time the garden would be open to the public for the first time in 40 years.
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in the 17th century. The East Terrace has a private formal rose garden, first laid out by George IV in the 1820s. The present garden was updated by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, after it was used for
939:. Although decorated with less gold leaf than in the 1820s, the result remains "one of the greatest set-pieces of Regency decoration". The White, Green and Crimson Drawing Rooms include a total of 62
2919:
eastern end of the State Apartments, forming the Grand Reception Room, White Drawing Room, Green Drawing Room, Crimson Drawing Room, the Waterloo Chamber, State Dining Room and Octagonal Dining Room.
1025:. The result is an "extraordinary, continuous and closely moulded net of tracery", complementing the new stained glass windows commemorating the fire, designed by Joseph Nuttgen, based on an idea of
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during the war; the more important art works were removed from the castle for safe-keeping, the valuable chandeliers were lowered to the floor in case of bomb damage, and a sequence of paintings by
1029:'s. The Great Kitchen, with its newly exposed 14th-century roof lantern sitting alongside Wyatville's fireplaces, chimneys and Gothic tables, is also a product of the reconstruction after the fire.
1813:. Edward famously commented while staying at Windsor Castle during this period that "Methink I am in a prison, here are no galleries, nor no gardens to walk in". Under both Edward and his sister,
926:
Wyatville's most famous work are those rooms designed in a Rococo style. These rooms take the fluid, playful aspects of this mid-18th century artistic movement, including many original pieces of
1697:, she was brought back to be detained at the castle. Edward began to revive the Order of the Garter, and held a particularly lavish feast in 1472. Edward began the construction of the present
1354:
and from the next castle, allowing for easy reinforcements in a crisis. Windsor Castle, one of this ring of fortifications, was strategically important because of its proximity to both the
773:
The western entrance to the Middle Ward is now open, and a gateway leads north from the ward onto the North Terrace. The eastern exit from the ward is guarded by the Norman Gatehouse. This
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playing games inside the Upper and Lower Wards, and the royal family frequently seen as they walked around the grounds. As time went by, however, access for visitors became more limited.
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heavily restored the building in 1871 and little of the original structure remains. Other ranges originally built by Edward III sit alongside the Horseshoe, featuring stone perpendicular
2619:
In February 1952, Elizabeth II came to the throne and decided to make Windsor her principal weekend retreat. The private apartments which had not been properly occupied since the era of
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came to the throne in 1820 intending to create a set of royal palaces that reflected his wealth and influence as the ruler of an increasingly powerful Britain. George's previous houses,
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5888:
2154:. By the 1740s, Windsor Castle had become an early tourist attraction; wealthier visitors who could afford to pay the castle keeper could enter, see curiosities such as the castle's
1888:
was a connoisseur of art, and paid greater attention to the aesthetic aspects of Windsor Castle than his predecessors. Charles had the castle completely surveyed by a team including
2673:
Two major issues for Windsor Castle emerged following the fire. The first was a political debate in Britain as to who should pay for the repairs. Traditionally, as the property of
2343:. The prince's rooms were maintained exactly as they had been at the moment of his death and Victoria kept the castle in a state of mourning for many years, becoming known as the "
1955:. Looting by the underpaid garrison continued to be a problem; 500 royal deer were killed across the Windsor Great Park during the winter, and fences were burned as firewood.
762:
by 30 feet (9.1 m) to produce a more imposing height and silhouette. The interior of the Round Tower was further redesigned in 1991–1993 to provide additional space for the
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2486:
the Prince Consort and not touched since his death; dispatching case-loads of relics and ornaments to a special room in the Round Tower ... destroying statues and busts of
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minutiae of the social events. Few visitors found these occasions comfortable, both due to the design of the castle and the excessive royal formality. Prince Albert died in the
1904:
gold service for the St George's Chapel altar. In the final years of peace, Charles demolished the fountain in the Upper Ward, intending to replace it with a classical statue.
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2314:
made Windsor Castle their principal royal residence, despite Victoria complaining early in her reign that the castle was "dull and tiresome" and "prison-like", and preferring
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as "a superb and unrivalled sequence of rooms widely regarded as the finest and most complete expression of later Georgian taste". Inside the castle walls is the 15th-century
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The State Apartments form the major part of the Upper Ward and lie along the north side of the quadrangle. The modern building follows the medieval foundations laid down by
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of St George's Hall is the largest green-oak structure built since the Middle Ages, and is decorated with brightly coloured shields celebrating the heraldic element of the
1425:, took place in the castle in 1121. During this period the keep suffered a substantial collapse – archaeological evidence shows that the southern side of the motte
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Some parts of the State Apartments were completely destroyed in the 1992 fire and this area was rebuilt in a style called "Downesian Gothic", named after the architect,
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in 1753 and Joseph Pote in 1755. As the condition of the State Apartments continued to deteriorate, even the general public were able to regularly visit the property.
5902:
1199:, a secret exit for the occupants in a time of siege. The upper storey contains the castle bells placed there in 1478, and the castle clock of 1689. The French-style
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The rooms completely or largely destroyed in the fire were St George's Hall, the Lantern Lobby, the Octagonal Dining Room, the Private Chapel, and the Great Kitchen.
1873:
used Windsor Castle primarily as a base for hunting, one of his favourite pursuits, and for socialising with his friends. Many of these occasions involved extensive
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captured contemporary views when he noted that the work showed "a great deal of taste and feeling for the Gothic architecture"; many modern commentators, including
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style in 1859; the Georgian Flemish Farm rebuilt, and the Norfolk Farm renovated. The Long Walk was planted with fresh trees to replace the diseased stock. The
1167:
At the west end of the Lower Ward is the Horseshoe Cloister, originally built in 1480, near to the chapel to house its clergy. It houses the vicars-choral, or
2490: ... throwing out hundreds of 'rubbishy old coloured photographs' ... rearranging pictures". Electric lighting was added to more rooms, along with
3278:
758:, called the Round Tower, on the top of the motte is based on an original 12th-century building, extended upwards in the early 19th century under architect
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was selected, and work commenced in 1824. Wyatville's own preference ran to Gothic architecture, but George, who had led the reintroduction of the French
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1307:: the Lower Ward and St George's Chapel, the Middle Ward and Round Tower, the Upper Ward and East Terrace garden, with the Long Walk, lower right. The
454:(who reigned 1100–1135), it has been used by the reigning monarch and is the longest-occupied palace in Europe. The castle's lavish early 19th-century
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During Elizabeth II's reign much was done, not only to restore and maintain the fabric of the building, but also to transform it into a major British
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The State Apartments in the Upper Ward – (l to r) King's Audience and Presence Chambers, the Official Entrance, St George's Hall, the Guest's Entrance
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Tim Tatton-Brown argues that only the initial, middle bailey was built by William I, suggesting a later construction date for the two larger baileys.
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buried nearby. The chapel is considered by historian John Robinson to be "one of the supreme achievements of English Perpendicular Gothic" design.
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Maintaining the Occupied Royal Palaces: Twenty-fourth Report of Session 2008–09, Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence
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1988:
1735:, one of the surviving Yorkist claimants to the throne, was imprisoned at Windsor Castle during Henry's reign, before his execution in 1513.
146:
2813:. He had posted a video on the internet threatening to assassinate the Queen. Chail later admitted that his aim was to take revenge for the
2399:, passed by Parliament in 1848, permitted the closing and re-routing of the old roads which previously ran through the park from Windsor to
17:
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constructing a new private chapel within the State Apartments. Salvin also rebuilt the State Dining Room following a serious fire in 1853.
1475:
undertook some building works at Windsor, but primarily to the accommodation rather than the defences. The castle played a role during the
986:'s Grand Staircase is also of mid-Victorian design in the Gothic style, rising to a double-height hall lit by an older 18th-century Gothic
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and Victoria's close dynastic ties to Europe made Windsor the hub for many diplomatic and state visits, assisted by the new railways and
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The damage done to the castle during the second siege was immediately repaired in 1216 and 1221 by Cigogné on behalf of John's successor
1219:
1062:
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2003:
of the monarchy in 1660 saw the first period of significant change to Windsor Castle for many years. The civil war and the years of the
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at the castle on Smith's Lawn, now used as a golf-course. Edward's reign was short-lived and he broadcast his abdication speech to the
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in the castle park while he was Prince Regent, and then began a programme of work to modernise the castle itself once he became king.
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by over 6 ft (2 m). Timber piles were driven in to support the motte and the old wooden keep was replaced with a new stone
777:, which, despite its name, dates from the 14th century, is heavily vaulted and decorated with carvings, including surviving medieval
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The Queen spent 10 more nights at Windsor Castle than Buckingham Palace in 2011, 35 in 2012, 59 in 2013, 52 in 2014, and 71 in 2015
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Windsor Castle, seen from the north; (l to r) Upper Ward, Middle Ward, Round Tower, St George's Chapel, Lower Ward and Curfew Tower
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spent much of her time at Windsor Castle and used it a safe haven in crises, "knowing it could stand a siege if need be". Ten new
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Many of the changes under Victoria were to the surrounding parklands and buildings. The Royal Dairy at Frogmore was rebuilt in a
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to begin work on the Maestricht Garden beneath the North Terrace, which was never completed. Anne also created the racecourse at
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style and to construct a gateway in the North Terrace. Christian van Vianen, a noted Dutch goldsmith, was employed to produce a
6319:
2724:
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to conduct a large, final classical remodelling of the Upper Ward, but the king's early death caused the plan to be cancelled.
1972:
1732:
1078:
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657:
215:
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2677:, Windsor Castle was maintained, and if necessary repaired, by the British government in exchange for the profits made by the
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still residing full-time at Buckingham Palace. The castle was also used as a storage facility; for example, the only purified
1239:. The Home Park includes parkland and two working farms, along with many estate cottages mainly occupied by employees and the
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1947:, a senior Parliamentary general. The Horseshoe Cloister was taken over as a prison for captured Royalists, and the resident
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improvements. These rooms were also partially redesigned at the same time to more closely match modern tastes. Art historian
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the south, with the Edward III Tower in the south-west corner. The motte and the Round Tower form the west edge of the ward.
766:, an additional room being built in the space left by Wyatville's originally hollow extension. The Round Tower is in reality
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renovated and rebuilt Charles II's palace at colossal expense, producing the current design of the state apartments, full of
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MacGregor, Arthur. (2009) "The Household Out of Doors: the Stuart Court and the Animal Kingdom", in Cruickshanks (ed) 2009.
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who had worked for George III; he changed his name to distinguish himself from his other relatives working in architecture.
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is carried out in the presence of the monarch each year, and the annual ceremony of the Order of the Garter takes place in
1958:
In 1647 Charles, then a prisoner of Parliament, was brought to the castle for a period under arrest, before being moved to
1810:
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made a few minor changes to the castle, which became the centre for royal entertainment for much of her reign. During the
42:
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Thurley, Simon. (2009) "A Country Seat Fit For a King: Charles II, Greenwich and Winchester", in Cruickshanks (ed) 2009.
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were commissioned from 1942 to 1944 to record the castle's appearance. The king and queen and their children Princesses
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1479:: the castle was besieged in 1214, and John used the castle as his base during the negotiations before the signing of
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2020:
in 1668. Rupert immediately began to reorder the castle's defences, repairing the Round Tower and reconstructing the
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Annals of Windsor, Being a History of the Castle and Town, with some Account of Eton and Places Adjacent, Volume II
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Barber, Richard (2007). "The Round Table Feast of 1344". In Munby, Julian; Barber, Richard; Brown, Richard (eds.).
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Wyatville's design retains three rooms originally built by May in the 17th century in partnership with the painter
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rooms, although luxurious, are more modest than the 1820s originals, both on the grounds of modern taste and cost.
416:
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2856:. The concert was attended by members of the royal family, alongside an audience of 20,000 members of the public.
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rarely used Windsor either, preferring Hampton Court. Many of the apartments in the Upper Ward were given out as "
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Windsor was not initially used as a royal residence. The early Norman kings preferred to use the former palace of
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2069:. Instead Charles took advantage of the good road links emerging around Windsor to hold his council meetings at
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Windsor Castle continued to be favoured by monarchs in the 15th century, despite increasing political violence.
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2380:. Windsor Castle did not benefit from many of the minor improvements of the era, however, as Victoria disliked
1383:
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The interiors were approximately 22 ft 11 in (7 m) in height, and 23 ft 7 in (7.2 m) wide.
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property during the period. Meanwhile, during the First World War, anti-German feeling led the members of the
1171:
of the chapel. This curved brick and timber building is said to have been designed to resemble the shape of a
1002:
as being a distinctly inferior design to the earlier staircases built on the same site by both Wyatt and May.
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2771:
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rebuilt the Horseshoe Cloister in the 1870s. The Norman Gatehouse was turned into a private dwelling for Sir
1665:
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730:
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Barnard, Toby. (2009) "The Viceregal Court in Later Seventeenth-Century Ireland", in Cruickshanks (ed) 2009.
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size of the royal retinue visiting Windsor had to be restricted because of the growing numbers. During the
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By the middle of the 15th century England was increasingly divided between the rival royal factions of the
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On the north side of the Lower Ward is St George's Chapel. This huge building is the spiritual home of the
903:
459:
2824:
On 7 May 2023, the lawn in the Home Park just beyond the East Terrace of the castle was the venue for the
2177:
George's architectural taste shifted over the years. As a young man, he favoured Classical, in particular
7009:
6620:
Domestic Memoirs of the Royal Family and of the Court of England, Chiefly at Shene and Richmond, Volume 2
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2045:
2017:
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848:. The buildings in the Upper Ward are characterised by the use of small bits of flint in the mortar for
822:, and the East Terrace, which overlooks the Home Park; both of the current terraces were constructed by
3133:
3113:"Buckingham Palace could become Queen's 'third home' as she opts for more time at Windsor and Balmoral"
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2332:
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2013:
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in England was installed by Edward III in the Round Tower in 1354. William of Wykeham went on to build
1343:
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in 1215. In 1216 the castle was besieged again by baronial and French troops under the command of the
6877:
3005:'s court for his unwillingness, or inability, to pay his bills and his constant attempts to join the
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886:
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in London, the statue was cast by Josias Ibach in 1679, with the marble plinth featuring carvings by
750:
or artificial hill in the centre of the ward. The motte is 50 feet (15 m) high and is made from
38:
6015:
Deliciæ Britannicæ; or, the Curiosities of Kensington, Hampton Court, and Windsor Castle, Delineated
1683:(1455–1485), which were fought primarily in the form of pitched battles between the rival factions.
1362:, a royal hunting preserve previously used by the Saxon kings. The nearby settlement of Clivore, or
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300,000 for restoration (£245 million in 2008 terms). Under the guidance of George's advisor,
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Edward III's Round Table at Windsor: The House of the Round Table and the Windsor Festival of 1344
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castles around London; each was a day's march – about 20 miles (32 km) – from the
436:
5903:"Man admits treason after breaking into grounds of Windsor Castle with crossbow 'to kill Queen'"
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The Windsor narwhal horn had been kept since medieval times, when it was first believed to be a
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deliberate attempt to create a slightly austere 17th-century version of a "neo-Norman" castle.
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1962:. In 1648 there was a Royalist plan, never enacted, to seize Windsor Castle. The Parliamentary
1824:
1797:
1707:
1568:
1164:. The east door of the chapel, covered in ornamental ironwork, is the original door from 1246.
1148:, the ornate chapel features lavish decoration and works in marble, glass mosaic and bronze by
1145:
940:
721:
515:
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Tatton-Brown, Tim. (2007) "Windsor Castle Before 1344", in Munby, Barber and Brown (eds) 2007.
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2755:. When the Queen was in residence, the Guard Mounting ceremony occurred on a daily basis. The
2008:
only royal palace to be successfully fully modernised by Charles II in the Restoration years.
1496:
1390:, another powerful early Norman fortification, but the double bailey design was also found at
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did not spend much of his reign at Windsor Castle. He continued to spend most of his time at
2494:; telephone lines were installed, along with garages for the newly invented automobiles. The
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2004:
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in 1417, a massive diplomatic event that stretched the castle's accommodation to its limits.
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1518:. This was the grandest of the numerous chapels built for his own use, and comparable to the
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2832:. It was the first open air concert to be staged at the castle and included performances by
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were too small for grand court events, even after expensive extensions. George expanded the
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was fond of the castle, and attempted to address the lack of a formal garden by instructing
518:
made increasing use of the castle as a royal court and centre for diplomatic entertainment.
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in 1629, but little of the recommended work was carried out. Nonetheless, Charles employed
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in the 13th century and converted into the Albert Memorial Chapel between 1863 and 1873 by
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dominance around the outskirts of London and oversee a strategically important part of the
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in 1940, and most of it was sent to the castle to be stored in the basement alongside the
2219:
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1626:. Richard conducted restoration work on St George's Chapel, the work being carried out by
1531:
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8:
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Sovereign Grant Act: Frequently Asked Questions Relating to the Act and on General Issues
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On the opposite side of the chapel is a range of buildings including the lodgings of the
1110:
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589:. An extensive restoration of several state rooms took place after the castle survived a
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427:, about 25 miles (40 km) west of central London. It is strongly associated with the
1788:
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roof is a 19th-century attempt by Anthony Salvin to remodel the tower in the fashion of
733:
has pointed to Windsor Castle's architecture as having "a certain fictive quality", the
6843:
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6351:
Newman, John. (1993) "Hugh May, Clarendon and Cornbury", in Bold and Chaney (eds) 1993.
5929:
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2763:
2548:
2533:; George decided to take the new name from the castle, and the royal family became the
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1934:
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built a luxurious royal palace within the castle during the middle of the century, and
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The Society of the Friends of St George's and Descendants of the Knights of the Garter
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Les Delices de Windsore: or, a Description of Windsor Castle and the Country Adjacent
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5826:"Queen and Prince Philip to skip Christmas in Sandringham for first time in 33 years"
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for the first time since 1987. Prince Philip died at Windsor Castle on 9 April 2021.
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1187:. As of 2011, they are used as offices, a library and as the houses for the Dean and
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area is now opened up to form a single space in an effort to echo the undercrofts at
943:: carved, gilded wooden panels illustrating weapons and the spoils of war, many with
522:
267:
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Cythera Regained?: the Rococo Revival in European Literature and the Arts, 1830–1910
5880:"Windsor Castle: Video emerges of masked man threatening to 'assassinate the Queen'"
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at the castle in 1110 during a period of heightened insecurity. Henry's marriage to
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Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300–1500: Volume 3, Southern England
3022:'s horn. It narrowly escaped being lost during the Interregnum after the Civil War.
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1590:: (l to r) the Spicerie Gatehouse, the chapel, the hall, and the Kitchen Gatehouse
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in Europe. In the Home Park, to the north of the castle, stands a private school,
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3009:. Various parts of the park surrounding Windsor are also represented in the play.
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881:, whereas the structure on the eastern side represents Jeffry Wyatville's plans.
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704:*to the right of "D" (not shown) is the East Terrace created in the 17th century
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at Windsor Castle in 1861 and was buried in the Royal Mausoleum built at nearby
2146:" privileges for the use of prominent widows or other friends of the Crown. The
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buildings for the canons built alongside. The earliest weight-driven mechanical
1128:
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3556:"Private chapel for Archie's christening was rebuilt after Windsor Castle fire"
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of the United States. The castle remains an important ceremonial location. The
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at Windsor, drawing on the accounts of the 17th-century ceremonies recorded by
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in the 16th century and the steep, protective ground to the north of the castle
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Portraiture, Dynasty and Power: Art Patronage in Hanoverian Britain, 1714–1759
6270:
Hoak, Dale. (1995) "The Iconography of the Crown Imperial", in Hoak (ed) 1995
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1923:
in October, Parliament became concerned that Charles might advance on London.
1263:, occupying some 5,000 acres (2,020 ha) and including some of the oldest
1136:
At the east end of St George's Chapel is the Lady Chapel, originally built by
746:
At the heart of Windsor Castle is the Middle Ward, a bailey formed around the
489:, with three wards surrounding a central mound. Gradually replaced with stone
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p. 5, the Institute for Sport, Parks and Leisure. Retrieved 21 December 2010.
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1959:
1818:
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1551:, again with Windsor Castle as its headquarters, complete with the attendant
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1022:
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248:
161:
148:
6002:
1679:. Castles such as Windsor did not play a decisive role during the resulting
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stone faced on the inside with regular bricks, the gothic details in yellow
62:
This article is about the castle in Windsor, Berkshire. For other uses, see
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in Surrey to the castle to allow it to be visited by pilgrims more easily.
1703:
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The Horseshoe Cloister, built in 1480 and reconstructed in the 19th century
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was moved from the centre of the Upper Ward to the base of the motte. Sir
1995:; (l to r) the Lower Ward, the Middle Ward and Round Tower, the Upper Ward
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6161:
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5690:
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continued a process of more gradual modernisation, assisted by his wife,
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1929:
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1113:. The vault in front of the altar houses the remains of Henry VIII,
1097:
991:
944:
853:
767:
734:
594:
201:
6628:
6577:
6374:
The Medieval Castle in England and Wales: a social and political history
2779:
and the castle's role as a working royal palace. In late 2011 two large
2699:
2158:
horn, and by the 1750s buy the first guidebooks to Windsor, produced by
2126:
took little interest in Windsor Castle, preferring his other palaces at
6865:
6848:
6223:
The Civilian Bomb Disposing Earl: Jack Howard and Bomb Disposal in WW2.
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5787:
Windsor Castle's Inner Hall closed by Queen Victoria opens after revamp
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rooms to satisfy court protocol; the demand for space forced architect
1916:
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Several minor alterations were made to the Upper Ward under Victoria.
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were installed upstream of the castle on the River Thames to provide
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seized the castle during his coup in 1399, although failing to catch
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and dates from the late 15th and early 16th century, designed in the
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2036:'s reconstruction work. May's new East Terrace is in the foreground.
1433:, with a probable gateway to the north-east and a new stone well. A
1077:, to form a "consistently Gothic composition". The Lower Ward holds
609:
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power to the castle and the surrounding estate. In April 2016, the
2551:, where he had lived while Prince of Wales. Edward created a small
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2336:
2061:
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1912:
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himself was buried in the chapel, in an elaborate funeral in 1547.
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and most of the buildings associated with the Order of the Garter.
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interiors. After a period of neglect during the 18th century,
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The original castle was built in the 11th century, after the
6050:
English Architecture, Public and Private: essays for Kerry Downes
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3019:
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was created for her at Windsor Castle, designed by the architect
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1951:
were expelled from the castle. The Lady Chapel was turned into a
1901:
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made only a brief use of Windsor Castle before his defeat at the
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are of 15th century design, having been restored and extended by
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continues to dominate the apartments. Different rooms follow the
546:
6334:
Munby, Julian; Barber, Richard and Brown, Richard. (eds) (2007)
2608:
at the time was rescued from France in the face of the imminent
818:. The Upper Ward adjoins the North Terrace, which overlooks the
5930:"Katy Perry and Lionel Richie to perform at Coronation concert"
2817:
of 1919. He pleaded guilty to charges under section two of the
2571:
in the Great Park, but moved into Windsor Castle with his wife
2270:
2195:
1363:
894:
6496:
Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother : the Official Biography
6462:
The Hollow Crown: a History of Britain in the Late Middle Ages
5960:"BBC announces more world-famous names for Coronation Concert"
4813:
2372:
houses of the Military Knights and creating a new Guardhouse.
1610:
The new castle was used to hold French prisoners taken at the
1437:, or low protective wall, was subsequently added to the keep.
1259:
The Home Park adjoins the northern edge of the more extensive
541:
rebuilt much of Windsor Castle with the help of the architect
5852:"Prince Philip has died aged 99, Buckingham Palace announces"
2681:. Furthermore, like other occupied royal palaces, it was not
2199:
1828:
1272:
751:
1607:, where the influence of Windsor Castle can easily be seen.
1968:
1371:
755:
321:
Windsor Castle Including All The Buildings Within The Walls
186:
5775:
Queen's official residences to undergo £37m tourism revamp
4990:
Financial comparison based on average earnings; using the
1630:, who served as a diplomat and Clerk of The King's Works.
1622:. Later in the century, the castle also found favour with
1409:. The first king to use Windsor Castle as a residence was
593:. It is a popular tourist attraction, a venue for hosting
5092:
Robinson, p. 92; Prince Charles, quoted Nicolson, p. 126.
4016:
4014:
4012:
1693:
seized power in 1461. When Edward captured Henry's wife,
1279:
is located about half a mile from the castle, across the
581:, it was used as a refuge by the royal family during the
6067:
Windsor Revealed: New Light on the History of the Castle
5800:"The Queen and Prince Philip: An enduring royal romance"
5101:
Robinson, p. 117; Rowse, p. 207; Mackworth-Young, p. 75.
4333:
Rowse, p. 43; Knox and Leslie pp. 3–7, cited Hoak p. 72.
2964:
The other two residences favoured by Henry III were the
2559:
from the castle in December 1936, adopting the title of
1991:
Windsor Castle in 1658, as seen from the south-east, by
1586:
A reconstruction of the St George's Hall range built by
1283:, reflecting the fact that it was a royal foundation of
1057:, the Lady Chapel, the Round Tower, the lodgings of the
911:, have described them as "bland" and "distinctly dull".
95:
Round Tower and Upper Ward viewed from the Long Walk in
2759:
leaves the castle each year during the annual meeting.
974:
for the new Private Chapel, showing a Gothic design by
806:
on horseback sits beneath the Round Tower. Inspired by
573:, the historic estate inspired the naming of the royal
370:
The Royal Estate, Windsor: Windsor Castle and Home Park
6960:
Buildings and structures completed in the 11th century
6566:
Tighe, Robert Richard and Davis, James Edward. (1858)
5952:
5763:
Windsor Castle water turbine installed on River Thames
5416:
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5347:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5337:
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3279:"Windsor Castle's East Terrace Garden opens to public"
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and Ray Gonzalez to replace carvings destroyed in the
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were renovated and further modernised, and the Queen,
2016:, one of his few surviving close relatives, to be the
1464:
The Curfew Tower, part of the Lower Ward, built under
990:
lantern tower called the Grand Vestibule, designed by
7050:
Burned buildings and structures in the United Kingdom
6153:
The History of the King's Works, Volume VI, 1782–1851
3697:
3695:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3661:
2506:
landed an aircraft at the castle for the first time.
2300:
in the Queen's Sitting Room in 1895, photographed by
2150:
made the most use of the property in his role as the
754:
originally excavated from the surrounding ditch. The
521:
Windsor Castle survived the tumultuous period of the
5789:, BBC News, 16 October 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
5632:
5630:
4986:
4984:
4982:
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Emery, p. 193; Tatton-Brown, p. 18; Robinson, p. 11.
3874:
3872:
3134:"Royal Collection Trust – Windsor Castle Fact Sheet"
3063:
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2871:
2766:
attraction, containing a significant portion of the
1448:
stone was used for most of the work, and stone from
1370:
residence. The initial wooden castle consisted of a
493:, the castle withstood a prolonged siege during the
6288:House of Commons Public Accounts Committee. (2009)
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2418:Changing style of St George's Hall since the 1600s
470:to be "one of the supreme achievements of English
6698:"Details from listed building database (1117776)"
5636:House of Commons Public Accounts Committee, p. 3.
5627:
5386:
5384:
4977:
3977:
3975:
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3971:
3869:
3174:
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3058:
2900:Windsor Festival International String Competition
1714:in 1485, but had the body of Henry VI moved from
1346:of 1066. William established a defensive ring of
998:. The staircase has been criticised by historian
982:of some of the gilded features on the pilasters.
525:, when it was used as a military headquarters by
6941:
6546:The Archaeology of the Medieval English Monarchy
6425:Windsor Castle: the Official Illustrated History
6139:. Berkeley, US: University of California Press.
5533:
5531:
5475:
5473:
5471:
5318:
5316:
5136:
5134:
4451:
4123:
4116:
4114:
3409:
3407:
3401:Nicolson, pp. 123, 174; Brindle and Kerr, p. 28.
3220:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3079:
3077:
3001:; the duke became an unpopular figure of fun at
1226:and forms the secondary entrance to the castle.
918:The Crimson Drawing Room in 2007, following the
6655:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
6133:Clarke, John and Ridley, Jasper Godwin. (2000)
5227:
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3204:
3202:
2391:style in 1853; George III's Dairy rebuilt in a
360:National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens
5381:
3968:
3721:
3719:
3311:
3309:
3255:
3253:
3169:
2529:to change their dynastic name from the German
2347:", a phrase popularised in the famous poem by
2025:tapisserie, curious and effeminate pictures".
6733:
6357:Restoration: The Rebuilding of Windsor Castle
6305:Knox, Ronald and Leslie, Shane. (eds) (1923)
6047:Bold, John and Chaney, Edwards. (eds) (1993)
5528:
5468:
5313:
5220:
5218:
5131:
4884:Tite, p. 110; Robinson, p. 60; Bickham; Pote.
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4111:
4086:
4084:
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1535:The Norman Gate in the Middle Ward, built by
1330:The Round Tower in the Middle Ward, built by
1311:can be seen in the upper left of the picture.
59:Official country residence of British monarch
6747:
5673:The Official Website of the British Monarchy
5074:
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3199:
1796:, showing the North Terrace (left) built by
1792:Windsor Castle in the 1670s from across the
6445:Windsor Castle in the History of the Nation
6320:The History and Treasures of Windsor Castle
6242:. Cranbury, US: Fairleigh Dickinson Press.
6156:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
6136:The Houses of Hanover and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
6119:The Changing English Countryside, 1400–1700
6084:The Architecture of Castles: A Visual Guide
3716:
3479:Nicolson, p. 191.; Brindle and Kerr, p. 56.
3306:
3303:Colvin, p. 392, cited Brown (1984), p. 230.
3250:
840:. The walls of the Upper Ward are built of
724:design based on a medieval structure, with
23:
6740:
6726:
5876:
5215:
5021:Clarke and Ridley, p. 48; Robinson, p. 71.
4558:Brindle and Kerr, p. 47; Rowse, pp. 64–65.
4146:
4071:
3598:Nicolson, p. 146; Brindle and Kerr, p. 26.
3422:Brindle and Kerr, p. 28; Nicolson, p. 184.
2890:Constables and Governors of Windsor Castle
2567:also preferred his own original home, the
2363:rebuilt Wyatville's grand staircase, with
1321:
1303:Aerial view of the castle from the south,
1256:led to large-scale replanting after 1945.
24:
6428:. London: Royal Collection Publications.
6377:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6210:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5691:"Queen meets Joe Biden at Windsor Castle"
5378:Robinson, pp. 138–139; Shawcross, p. 487.
5053:Ireland, p. 92; Nicolson, p. 79, 172–173.
4677:
4648:
4621:
4612:
4591:
4570:
4508:
4313:
4263:
4224:
4182:Nicolson, p.120; Brindle and Ward, p. 40.
4029:Brindle and Kerr, p. 34; Robinson, p. 15.
3899:
2322:as holiday residences. The growth of the
2116:The North Terrace at sunset, c. 1790, by
2032:The Upper Ward seen from the east, after
1911:broke out, dividing the country into the
6311:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6064:Brindle, Steven and Kerr, Brian. (1997)
4822:Robinson, p. 55; Mackworth-Young, p. 45.
3187:Nicolson, p.78; Brindle and Kerr, p. 61.
2997:, for example, is believed to represent
2858:
2698:
2641:
2288:
2218:
2111:
2027:
1849:
1787:
1742:
1637:
1581:
1530:
1459:
1358:, a key medieval route into London, and
1325:
1127:
1048:
965:
913:
864:
788:
738:amongst the greatest European palaces".
608:
32:This is an accepted version of this page
6277:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6105:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5927:
5765:, BBC News. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
5677:President Obama touches down in Windsor
5645:Robinson, p. 7; Mackworth-Young, p. 88.
5274:Robinson, p. 135; Hibbert, pp. 191–192.
4191:Steven Brindle, cited Nicolson, p. 125.
3846:"The Crown Estate – Windsor Great Park"
1338:Windsor Castle was originally built by
497:at the start of the 13th century.
14:
7040:11th-century establishments in England
6965:Art museums and galleries in Berkshire
6942:
6479:Power, Politics, and the Olympic Games
5992:
5688:
5456:Emery, p. 193; Brindle and Kerr, p. 5.
5176:Rowse, p. 237; Mackworth-Young, p. 75.
4412:Brindle and Kerr, p. 46; Rowse, p. 47.
4358:Brindle and Kerr, p. 46; Rowse, p. 43.
4143:Brown (1984), p. 91; Nicolson, p. 122.
3938:Brown (1989), p. 227; Robinson, p. 11.
3550:
3548:
2723:, and day-to-day management is by the
2397:Windsor Castle and Town Approaches Act
2100:and began the tradition of the annual
435:, and embodies almost a millennium of
116:
6985:Grade I listed buildings in Berkshire
6721:
6371:Pounds, Norman John Greville. (1990)
5891:from the original on 10 January 2022.
5552:, HM Treasury. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
5310:Robinson, pp. 136–137; Rowse, p. 247.
3866:Brown (1989), p. 230; Cantor, p. 105.
3689:Mackworth-Young, p. 22; Rowse, p. 37.
2830:coronation of Charles III and Camilla
2575:. As king, George revived the annual
2502:, and in 1911 the pioneering aviator
1896:to improve the chapel gallery in the
1664:, the castle hosted a visit from the
1235:a 19th-century creation known as the
1229:
1105:to the north side of it was built by
6617:Williams, Robert Folkestone. (1860)
6150:Colvin, Howard Montagu. (ed) (1973)
5751:ISPAL Information Hub Fact Sheet B24
4994:website. Retrieved 15 November 2010.
4810:Nicolson, pp. 128–129; Rowse, p. 95.
2231:attending chapel on a Sunday morning
1702:ordered to be constructed at nearby
897:styles, together with an element of
458:were described by the art historian
6995:Historic house museums in Berkshire
6337:Edward III's Round Table at Windsor
6256:Edward VII: The Last Victorian King
6167:Cruickshanks, Eveline. (ed) (2009)
5777:, BBC News. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
5438:Nicolson, p. 183; Robinson, p. 151.
4099:Tatton-Brown, p. 23; Barber, p. 41.
3950:
3545:
3031:Jeffry Wyatville was the nephew of
2705:Britain's major tourist attractions
2498:was run from Windsor Castle at the
1866:'s reconstruction of the Upper Ward
1660:, who had escaped to London. Under
1144:. Built to commemorate the life of
860:
56:
6703:National Heritage List for England
5970:from the original on 28 April 2023
5940:from the original on 14 April 2023
5928:Rackham, Annabel (14 April 2023).
5679:, BBC News. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
5588:Robinson, p. 145; Nicolson, p. 71.
5465:Robinson, p. 143; Nicolson, p. 30.
5283:Robinson, p. 135; Hibbert, p. 192.
5265:Robinson, p. 135; Hibbert, p. 191.
3111:Gordon Rayner (26 December 2015).
2475:reconstruction after the 1992 fire
2044:and imitated French design at his
2040:Charles was heavily influenced by
1539:and remodelled in the 19th century
1468:and remodelled in the 19th century
1334:and remodelled in the 19th century
1086:Order of the Knights of the Garter
57:
7061:
6668:
6603:A History of Western Architecture
6482:. Champaign, US: Human Kinetics.
6294:. London: The Stationery Office.
6173:. Stroud, UK: The History Press.
6036:Oxford: Oxford University Press.
6032:The Monarchy and the Constitution
3383:Ireland, p. 93; Nicolson, p. 191.
3069:Options Report for Windsor Castle
2796:, shielded at Windsor during the
2772:Archaeological work at the castle
2356:reluctance to be seen in public.
1378:, or mound, protected by a small
7020:Tourist attractions in Berkshire
6640:. Cambridge: Lutterworth Press.
6530:Prince Rupert: The Last Cavalier
6516:. Chesham, UK: Barracuda Books.
6448:. London: Book Club Associates.
6408:Windsor Castle, and Its Environs
6394:. Eton: Joseph and Thomas Pote.
6259:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
5921:
5895:
5870:
5844:
5818:
5792:
5780:
5768:
5756:
5744:
5735:
5726:
5717:
5708:
5682:
5666:
5657:
5648:
5639:
5609:
5600:
5591:
5582:
5573:
5555:
5540:
5509:
5500:
5491:
5482:
5459:
5450:
5441:
5432:
5423:
5402:
5393:
5372:
5363:
5354:
5325:
5304:
5295:
5286:
5277:
5268:
5259:
5250:
5241:
5206:
5197:
5179:
5170:
5161:
5152:
5143:
5122:
5113:
5104:
5095:
5086:
5065:
5056:
5047:
5038:
5015:
5006:
4997:
4968:
4959:
4950:
4929:
4920:
4887:
4878:
4869:
4846:
4825:
4804:
4795:
4760:
4730:
4721:
4712:
4689:
4668:
4639:
4603:
4582:
4561:
4552:
4529:
4520:
4499:
4490:
4481:
4472:
4463:
4442:
4433:
4424:
4415:
4406:
4397:
4388:
4379:
4370:
4361:
4352:
4327:
4304:
4295:
4286:
4277:
4254:
4245:
4236:
4215:
4206:
4185:
4176:
4167:
4164:Nicolson, p. 121; Emery, p. 196.
4158:
4137:
4038:Nicolson, p. 123; Emery, p. 193.
3038:
3025:
3012:
2984:
2975:
2946:"Larderie" means "meat passage".
2874:
2794:Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
2465:
2444:
2424:
1980:
1809:safe-haven for the king and the
1292:
1220:Governor of the Military Knights
1063:Governor of the Military Knights
626:: The Upper Ward, The Quadrangle
597:, and was the main residence of
545:, creating a set of extravagant
485:, Windsor Castle was built as a
115:
108:
89:
6317:Mackworth-Young, Robin. (1992)
6116:Cantor, Leonard Martin. (1987)
5985:
5877:Steve Bird (27 December 2021).
4645:Rowse, pp. 56, 79; Hoak, p. 98.
4588:Rowse, p. 74; MacGregor, p. 86.
4093:
4062:
4053:
4032:
4023:
3984:
3959:
3941:
3932:
3923:
3890:
3881:
3860:
3838:
3829:
3820:
3794:
3773:
3764:
3755:
3746:
3737:
3728:
3683:
3674:
3649:
3640:
3619:
3610:
3601:
3592:
3583:
3574:
3536:
3527:
3518:
3509:
3500:
3491:
3482:
3473:
3464:
3455:
3446:
3437:
3416:
3395:
3386:
3377:
3368:
3345:
3336:
3327:
3318:
3297:
3271:
3262:
3241:
3232:
3211:
3190:
2958:
2949:
2940:
2931:
2922:
2912:
2694:
2451:Gothic alterations made by Sir
2410:
2351:. The Queen shunned the use of
2214:
2107:
1915:supporters of Charles, and the
1845:
1780:for Wolsey's future mausoleum.
1738:
1633:
1526:
1455:
604:
477:Originally designed to project
64:Windsor Castle (disambiguation)
6623:. London: Hurst and Blackett.
6589:. Amherst, US: Cambria Press.
6422:Robinson, John Martin. (2010)
6193:. London: Hurst and Blackett.
6098:Brown, Reginald Allen. (1989)
6081:Brown, Reginald Allen. (1984)
5689:Morton, Becky (13 June 2021).
5675:. Retrieved 28 November 2010;
3887:Rowse, p. 12; Robinson, p. 13.
3181:
3160:
3151:
3126:
3104:
2531:House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1858:of Windsor Castle in 1658, by
741:
466:, considered by the historian
18:St George's Hall, Windsor
13:
1:
6683:at the Royal Collection Trust
6308:The Miracles of King Henry VI
6253:Hibbert, Christopher. (2007)
4852:Tite, p. 24; Robinson, p. 57.
3052:
2713:Occupied Royal Palaces Estate
2186:. Working with the architect
1877:sessions, including one with
1044:
784:
7000:History museums in Berkshire
6689:, home to St George's Chapel
6070:. London: English Heritage.
5408:Shawcross, pp. 604–605, 594.
4526:Brindle and Kerr, pp. 46–47.
4310:Rowse, p. 41; Rubin, p. 284.
3965:Brindle and Kerr, pp. 32–33.
3533:Nicolson, pp. 211, 214, 218.
2711:Windsor Castle, part of the
2631:
2152:Ranger of Windsor Great Park
1879:Christian IV of Denmark
1499:, successfully defended it.
1477:revolt of the English barons
1452:for the internal buildings.
7:
7015:Royal residences in England
6975:Country houses in Berkshire
6955:11th-century fortifications
6677:at the Royal Family website
6493:Shawcross, William. (2009)
6476:Senn, Alfred Erich. (1999)
6340:. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell.
6053:. London: Hambledon Press.
5292:Senn, p. 24; Rowse, p. 247.
4439:Rowse, p. 55; Hoak, p. 101.
2867:
2223:The Lower Ward in 1840, by
2018:Constable of Windsor Castle
1218:, and the residence of the
1061:, and the residence of the
583:Luftwaffe bombing campaigns
240:Late 11th century – present
10:
7066:
7005:Jeffry Wyatville buildings
6634:Williams, Neville. (1971)
6360:. London: Michael Joseph.
5525:. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
3351:Nicolson, pp. 79, 172–173.
2995:The Merry Wives of Windsor
2635:
2583:, but moving the event to
1941:Prince Rupert of the Rhine
1919:. In the aftermath of the
1839:The Merry Wives of Windsor
1316:
937:Gobelins French tapestries
922:and subsequent remodelling
444:Norman invasion of England
61:
6916:
6801:
6755:
6606:. London: Laurence King.
6527:Spencer, Charles. (2007)
6465:. London: Penguin Books.
6225:Barnsley: Pen and Sword.
6029:Bogdanor, Vernon. (1997)
5624:. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
5518:Windsor Castle Fact Sheet
5012:Clarke and Ridley, p. 46.
2735:of Jordan and presidents
2703:Windsor Castle is one of
1751:gateway in the Lower Ward
1374:on the top of a man-made
1092:style. The ornate wooden
1053:The Lower Ward, (l to r)
565:and Baroque furnishings.
537:of the monarchy in 1660,
423:in the English county of
406:
402:
392:
374:
366:
357:
353:
343:
325:
317:
307:
303:
293:
285:
276:
255:
244:
236:
231:
221:
211:
197:
192:
177:
140:
103:
88:
78:
73:
7035:Motte-and-bailey castles
6749:British royal residences
6651:Wolffe, Bertram. (2001)
6583:Tite, Catherine. (2010)
6405:Ritchie, Leitch. (1840)
6190:Royal Windsor, Volume IV
6012:Bickham, George. (1753)
5570:. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
5256:Tighe and Davis, p. 655.
5238:Tighe and Davis, p. 656.
5194:Brindle and Kerr, p. 56.
4780:Brindle and Kerr, p. 50.
4549:Brindle and Kerr, p. 47.
4349:Brindle and Kerr, p. 46.
4203:Brindle and Kerr, p. 44.
4020:Brindle and Kerr, p. 34.
3981:Brindle and Kerr, p. 33.
3947:Brindle and Kerr, p. 32.
3848:. The Crown Estate. 2015
3324:Brindle and Kerr, p. 61.
3268:Brindle and Kerr, p. 31.
3247:Mackworth-Young, p. 234.
3139:. Royal Collection Trust
3101:Brindle and Kerr, p. 39.
3071:, cited Nicolson, p. 79.
2905:
2828:, in celebration of the
2638:1992 Windsor Castle fire
1729:Philip I of Castile
1712:Battle of Bosworth Field
1382:wall, occupying a chalk
1342:in the decade after the
613:Plan of Windsor Castle:
529:forces and a prison for
39:latest accepted revision
6924:Former royal residences
6510:South, Raymond. (1977)
6354:Nicolson, Adam. (1997)
6323:. Andover, UK: Pitkin.
6273:Tudor Political Culture
6221:Freeman, Kerin. (2015)
6204:Emery, Anthony. (2006)
6185:Dixon, William Hepworth
5741:Brindle and Kerr, p. 4.
5732:Mackworth-Young, p. 95.
5723:Mackworth-Young, p. 90.
5714:Mackworth-Young, p. 92.
5420:Mackworth-Young, p. 88.
5351:Mackworth-Young, p. 85.
5167:Mackworth-Young, p. 75.
5110:Robinson, pp. 117, 126.
4831:Mackworth-Young, p. 45.
4674:Mackworth-Young, p. 36.
4496:Williams (1971), p. 25.
4460:Williams (1860), p. 69.
4421:Mackworth-Young, p. 25.
3779:Mackworth-Young, p. 72.
3770:Mackworth-Young, p. 42.
3761:Mackworth-Young, p. 27.
3734:Mackworth-Young, p. 81.
3680:Mackworth-Young, p. 22.
3671:Mackworth-Young, p. 80.
3646:Mackworth-Young, p. 20.
3625:Nicolson, pp. 125, 152.
3589:Nicolson, pp. 246, 264.
1804:By contrast, the young
1553:Poor Knights of Windsor
1322:11th and 12th centuries
464:St George's Chapel
7030:Grade I listed palaces
6990:Grade I listed castles
6980:Edward Blore buildings
6929:Historic Royal Palaces
6600:Watkin, David. (2005)
5523:Royal Collection Trust
5360:Robinson, pp. 139–140.
5247:Robinson, pp. 122–123.
5212:Robinson, pp. 119–121.
5185:Robinson, pp. 118–119.
4108:Nicolson, pp. 118–119.
3878:Mackworth-Young, p. 6.
3835:Robinson, pp. 55, 122.
3743:Robinson, pp. 14, 121.
3713:Robinson, pp. 26, 121.
3616:Nicolson, pp. 166–167.
3580:Nicolson, pp. 244–246.
3443:Nicolson, pp. 206–207.
3434:Nicolson, pp. 197–198.
3229:Mackworth-Young, p. 1.
2864:
2789:Royal Collection Trust
2757:Royal Ascot procession
2708:
2662:
2304:
2232:
2120:
2102:Royal Ascot procession
2037:
1867:
1801:
1752:
1649:
1591:
1540:
1469:
1335:
1133:
1065:
978:
923:
870:
795:
708:
671:: King Henry VIII Gate
632:: The State Apartments
380:; 25 years ago
331:; 48 years ago
7025:William the Conqueror
6549:. London: Routledge.
6543:Steane, John. (1999)
6499:. London: Macmillan.
6388:Pote, Joseph. (1755)
6236:Ireland, Ken. (2006)
6122:. London: Routledge.
5497:Nicolson, pp. 23, 25.
5071:Robinson, pp. 91, 93.
4736:Spencer, pp. 327–329.
4212:Brown (1989), p. 230.
3655:Robinson, pp. 18, 28.
3157:Robinson, pp. 7, 156.
2966:Palace of Westminster
2862:
2733:King Abdullah II
2702:
2645:
2292:
2222:
2115:
2031:
1853:
1791:
1746:
1641:
1618:, who was held for a
1585:
1534:
1463:
1340:William the Conqueror
1329:
1265:broadleaved woodlands
1252:trees. The impact of
1205:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
1131:
1052:
969:
917:
868:
792:
716:. It is in essence a
638:: Private Apartments*
612:
448:William the Conqueror
437:architectural history
6970:Castles in Berkshire
6883:Thatched House Lodge
6687:College of St George
6459:Rubin, Miri. (2006)
6101:Castles From the Air
6087:. London: Batsford.
5597:Nicolson, pp. 78–79.
5003:Robinson, pp. 60–62.
4956:Robinson, pp. 74–75.
4875:Robinson, pp. 57–58.
4050:Tatton-Brown, p. 25.
4006:Tatton-Brown, p. 24.
3929:Tatton-Brown, p. 18.
3806:Windsor Berkshire UK
3701:Tatton-Brown, p. 26.
3217:Tatton-Brown, p. 14.
2374:George Gilbert Scott
2046:palace at Winchester
1403:Edward the Confessor
1181:George Gilbert Scott
1142:George Gilbert Scott
1090:Perpendicular Gothic
972:presentation drawing
768:far from cylindrical
665:: Horseshoe Cloister
472:Perpendicular Gothic
468:John Martin Robinson
450:. Since the time of
433:British royal family
162:51.48333°N 0.60417°W
6773:Hillsborough Castle
6572:. London: Longman.
6533:. London: Phoenix.
6513:The Book of Windsor
6411:. London: Longman.
3007:Order of the Garter
2192:Virginia Water Lake
1834:William Shakespeare
1761:Pilgrimage of Grace
1699:St. George's Chapel
1645:, begun in 1475 by
1620:considerable ransom
1614:in 1357, including
1601:New College, Oxford
1549:Order of the Garter
1512:Eleanor of Provence
1497:Engelard de Cigogné
1224:Catherine of Aragon
1179:used by Edward IV.
1111:Catherine of Aragon
1101:Victorian, and the
1015:Order of the Garter
601:from 2011 to 2022.
378:31 August 1999
329:2 October 1975
185:wards with a round
158: /
29:Page version status
7010:Palaces in England
6844:Nottingham Cottage
6835:Kensington Palace
5606:Nicholson, p. 260.
5546:Bogdanor, p. 190;
5515:Nicolson, p. 110;
5390:Shawcross, p. 527.
5369:Shawcross, p. 487.
4535:Rowse, pp. 64, 66.
3166:Nicolson, pp. 3–4.
2865:
2826:Coronation Concert
2753:St George's Chapel
2709:
2663:
2305:
2233:
2148:Duke of Cumberland
2121:
2082:Nicholas Hawksmoor
2038:
1973:St George's Chapel
1921:battle of Edgehill
1868:
1802:
1782:Benedetto Grazzini
1753:
1733:William de la Pole
1666:Holy Roman Emperor
1650:
1643:St George's Chapel
1612:Battle of Poitiers
1605:Winchester College
1592:
1560:William of Wykeham
1541:
1470:
1423:Godfrey of Louvain
1421:, the daughter of
1405:in the village of
1336:
1305:from left to right
1261:Windsor Great Park
1230:Park and landscape
1134:
1079:St George's Chapel
1066:
1055:St George's Chapel
996:Francis Bernasconi
979:
924:
871:
801:A bronze statue of
796:
709:
701:: The Curfew Tower
695:: Edward III Tower
658:St George's Chapel
577:. In the reign of
393:Reference no.
344:Reference no.
294:Reference no.
279:Scheduled monument
167:51.48333; -0.60417
97:Windsor Great Park
81:Windsor, Berkshire
35:
6937:
6936:
6861:Sandringham House
6788:St James's Palace
6783:Kensington Palace
6763:Buckingham Palace
6661:978-0-300-08926-4
6646:978-0-7188-0803-7
6612:978-1-85669-459-9
6595:978-1-60497-678-6
6555:978-0-415-19788-5
6539:978-0-297-84610-9
6522:978-0-86023-038-0
6505:978-1-4050-4859-0
6488:978-0-88011-958-0
6471:978-0-14-014825-1
6454:978-1-902163-21-5
6434:978-1-902163-21-5
6383:978-0-521-45828-3
6366:978-0-7181-4192-9
6346:978-1-84383-391-8
6329:978-0-85372-338-7
6300:978-0-215-53049-3
6283:978-0-521-52014-0
6265:978-1-4039-8377-0
6248:978-0-8386-4078-4
6216:978-0-521-58132-5
6179:978-0-7524-5206-7
6170:The Stuart Courts
6145:978-0-520-22801-6
6128:978-0-7102-0501-8
6111:978-0-521-32932-3
6093:978-0-7134-4089-8
6076:978-1-85074-688-1
6059:978-1-85285-095-1
6042:978-0-19-829334-7
5966:. 28 April 2023.
5909:. 3 February 2023
5832:. 2 December 2020
5479:Robinson, p. 144.
5429:Robinson, p. 151.
5331:Robinson, p. 137.
5322:Robinson, p. 138.
5301:Robinson, p. 136.
5203:Robinson, p. 124.
5158:Robinson, p. 129.
5140:Robinson, p. 126.
4478:Rowse, pp. 57–60.
4394:Rowse, pp. 52–53.
4260:Wolffe, pp. 27–28
4173:Nicolson, p. 124.
4134:Nicolson, p. 106.
4120:Nicolson, p. 121.
3791:Robinson, p. 122.
3637:Robinson, p. 121.
3542:Nicolson, p. 235.
3524:Nicolson, p. 234.
3515:Nicolson, p. 233.
3506:Nicolson, p. 212.
3497:Robinson, p. 118.
3461:Nicolson, p. 128.
3413:Nicolson, p. 190.
3392:Nicolson, p. 176.
3238:Nicolson, p. 120.
3208:Robinson, p. 142.
3196:Robinson, p. 156.
3178:Nicolson, p. 123.
2815:Amritsar massacre
2811:Mental Health Act
2803:Sandringham House
2798:COVID-19 pandemic
2749:Waterloo ceremony
2731:of South Africa,
2688:Buckingham Palace
2563:. His successor,
2353:Buckingham Palace
2298:Princess Beatrice
2253:George persuaded
2244:Brighton Pavilion
2184:French Revolution
2104:from the castle.
1937:had been looted.
1909:English Civil War
1695:Margaret of Anjou
1681:Wars of the Roses
1616:King John II
1413:, who celebrated
1271:, which provides
1254:Dutch elm disease
1207:'s recreation of
1150:Henri de Triqueti
731:William Whitfield
620:: The Round Tower
523:English Civil War
495:First Barons' War
410:
409:
268:English Civil War
263:First Barons' War
83:, in England
26:
16:(Redirected from
7057:
6901:Frogmore Cottage
6891:Adelaide Cottage
6742:
6735:
6728:
6719:
6718:
6714:
6712:
6710:
6694:Historic England
6018:. London: Owen.
6006:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5975:
5964:BBC Media Centre
5956:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5925:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5914:
5899:
5893:
5892:
5882:
5874:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5848:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5837:
5822:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5811:
5796:
5790:
5784:
5778:
5772:
5766:
5760:
5754:
5748:
5742:
5739:
5733:
5730:
5724:
5721:
5715:
5712:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5686:
5680:
5670:
5664:
5661:
5655:
5652:
5646:
5643:
5637:
5634:
5625:
5613:
5607:
5604:
5598:
5595:
5589:
5586:
5580:
5579:Nicolson, p. 58.
5577:
5571:
5559:
5553:
5544:
5538:
5537:Nicolson, p. 55.
5535:
5526:
5513:
5507:
5506:Nicolson, p. 30.
5504:
5498:
5495:
5489:
5488:Nicolson, p. 11.
5486:
5480:
5477:
5466:
5463:
5457:
5454:
5448:
5445:
5439:
5436:
5430:
5427:
5421:
5418:
5409:
5406:
5400:
5399:Freeman, p. 145.
5397:
5391:
5388:
5379:
5376:
5370:
5367:
5361:
5358:
5352:
5349:
5332:
5329:
5323:
5320:
5311:
5308:
5302:
5299:
5293:
5290:
5284:
5281:
5275:
5272:
5266:
5263:
5257:
5254:
5248:
5245:
5239:
5236:
5225:
5222:
5213:
5210:
5204:
5201:
5195:
5192:
5186:
5183:
5177:
5174:
5168:
5165:
5159:
5156:
5150:
5147:
5141:
5138:
5129:
5126:
5120:
5117:
5111:
5108:
5102:
5099:
5093:
5090:
5084:
5083:Robinson, p. 96.
5081:
5072:
5069:
5063:
5062:Robinson, p. 89.
5060:
5054:
5051:
5045:
5044:Robinson, p. 90.
5042:
5036:
5033:
5022:
5019:
5013:
5010:
5004:
5001:
4995:
4988:
4975:
4974:Robinson, p. 75.
4972:
4966:
4965:Robinson, p. 81.
4963:
4957:
4954:
4948:
4947:Robinson, p. 76.
4945:
4936:
4935:Robinson, p. 72.
4933:
4927:
4926:Robinson, p. 71.
4924:
4918:
4917:Robinson, p. 58.
4915:
4906:
4905:Robinson, p. 59.
4903:
4894:
4891:
4885:
4882:
4876:
4873:
4867:
4866:Robinson, p. 57.
4864:
4853:
4850:
4844:
4841:
4832:
4829:
4823:
4820:
4811:
4808:
4802:
4799:
4793:
4792:Thurley, p. 229.
4790:
4781:
4778:
4767:
4766:Barnard, p. 257.
4764:
4758:
4755:
4746:
4745:Spencer, p. 331.
4743:
4737:
4734:
4728:
4727:Spencer, p. 326.
4725:
4719:
4716:
4710:
4709:Thurley, p. 214.
4707:
4696:
4693:
4687:
4684:
4675:
4672:
4666:
4663:
4646:
4643:
4637:
4634:
4619:
4616:
4610:
4607:
4601:
4598:
4589:
4586:
4580:
4577:
4568:
4565:
4559:
4556:
4550:
4547:
4536:
4533:
4527:
4524:
4518:
4515:
4506:
4503:
4497:
4494:
4488:
4485:
4479:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4461:
4458:
4449:
4446:
4440:
4437:
4431:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4413:
4410:
4404:
4401:
4395:
4392:
4386:
4383:
4377:
4374:
4368:
4365:
4359:
4356:
4350:
4347:
4334:
4331:
4325:
4322:
4311:
4308:
4302:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4284:
4281:
4275:
4272:
4261:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4243:
4240:
4234:
4231:
4222:
4221:Ritchie, p. 100.
4219:
4213:
4210:
4204:
4201:
4192:
4189:
4183:
4180:
4174:
4171:
4165:
4162:
4156:
4153:
4144:
4141:
4135:
4132:
4121:
4118:
4109:
4106:
4100:
4097:
4091:
4088:
4069:
4068:Robinson, p. 17.
4066:
4060:
4059:Robinson, p. 15.
4057:
4051:
4048:
4039:
4036:
4030:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4007:
4004:
3991:
3990:Robinson, p. 14.
3988:
3982:
3979:
3966:
3963:
3957:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3939:
3936:
3930:
3927:
3921:
3918:
3897:
3894:
3888:
3885:
3879:
3876:
3867:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3842:
3836:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3780:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3762:
3759:
3753:
3752:Robinson, p. 30.
3750:
3744:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3726:
3725:Robinson, p. 26.
3723:
3714:
3711:
3702:
3699:
3690:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3672:
3669:
3656:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3638:
3635:
3626:
3623:
3617:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3552:
3543:
3540:
3534:
3531:
3525:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3507:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3489:
3488:Robinson, p. 74.
3486:
3480:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3462:
3459:
3453:
3450:
3444:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3423:
3420:
3414:
3411:
3402:
3399:
3393:
3390:
3384:
3381:
3375:
3374:Nicolson, p. 70.
3372:
3366:
3365:Nicolson, p. 78.
3363:
3352:
3349:
3343:
3342:Nicolson, p. 79.
3340:
3334:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3316:
3315:Robinson, p. 92.
3313:
3304:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3283:Evening Standard
3275:
3269:
3266:
3260:
3259:Robinson, p. 55.
3257:
3248:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3218:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3197:
3194:
3188:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3167:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3138:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3084:
3083:Robinson, p. 27.
3081:
3072:
3065:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3029:
3023:
3016:
3010:
3003:Elizabeth I
2999:Frederick I
2988:
2982:
2979:
2973:
2970:Clarendon Palace
2962:
2956:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2920:
2916:
2884:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2819:Treason Act 1842
2768:Royal Collection
2717:Charles III
2541:Edward VIII
2535:House of Windsor
2473:Downesian Gothic
2469:
2453:Jeffry Wyatville
2448:
2428:
2345:Widow of Windsor
2267:Jeffry Wyatville
2265:, the architect
2229:Military Knights
2144:grace and favour
2086:Christopher Wren
2078:William III
1993:Wenceslas Hollar
1984:
1933:gold and silver
1917:Parliamentarians
1860:Wenceslas Hollar
1825:Elizabeth I
1811:Duke of Somerset
1798:Elizabeth I
1708:Richard III
1628:Geoffrey Chaucer
1348:motte and bailey
1296:
1216:Military Knights
1162:Antonio Salviati
1059:Military Knights
1011:hammer-beam roof
994:and executed by
957:Grinling Gibbons
861:State Apartments
816:Grinling Gibbons
760:Jeffry Wyatville
587:Second World War
575:House of Windsor
516:Elizabeth I
487:motte-and-bailey
456:state apartments
388:
386:
381:
339:
337:
332:
202:King Charles III
193:Site information
173:
172:
170:
169:
168:
163:
159:
156:
155:
154:
151:
129:Location within
119:
118:
112:
93:
84:
71:
70:
47:3 September 2024
21:
7065:
7064:
7060:
7059:
7058:
7056:
7055:
7054:
6940:
6939:
6938:
6933:
6912:
6831:Highgrove House
6819:Craigowan Lodge
6809:Balmoral Castle
6797:
6778:Holyrood Palace
6751:
6746:
6708:
6706:
6692:
6671:
6666:
5988:
5983:
5973:
5971:
5958:
5957:
5953:
5943:
5941:
5926:
5922:
5912:
5910:
5901:
5900:
5896:
5875:
5871:
5861:
5859:
5850:
5849:
5845:
5835:
5833:
5824:
5823:
5819:
5809:
5807:
5806:. 10 April 2021
5798:
5797:
5793:
5785:
5781:
5773:
5769:
5761:
5757:
5749:
5745:
5740:
5736:
5731:
5727:
5722:
5718:
5713:
5709:
5699:
5697:
5687:
5683:
5671:
5667:
5663:Robinson, p. 7.
5662:
5658:
5653:
5649:
5644:
5640:
5635:
5628:
5614:
5610:
5605:
5601:
5596:
5592:
5587:
5583:
5578:
5574:
5560:
5556:
5545:
5541:
5536:
5529:
5514:
5510:
5505:
5501:
5496:
5492:
5487:
5483:
5478:
5469:
5464:
5460:
5455:
5451:
5447:Nicolson, p. 4.
5446:
5442:
5437:
5433:
5428:
5424:
5419:
5412:
5407:
5403:
5398:
5394:
5389:
5382:
5377:
5373:
5368:
5364:
5359:
5355:
5350:
5335:
5330:
5326:
5321:
5314:
5309:
5305:
5300:
5296:
5291:
5287:
5282:
5278:
5273:
5269:
5264:
5260:
5255:
5251:
5246:
5242:
5237:
5228:
5223:
5216:
5211:
5207:
5202:
5198:
5193:
5189:
5184:
5180:
5175:
5171:
5166:
5162:
5157:
5153:
5148:
5144:
5139:
5132:
5127:
5123:
5118:
5114:
5109:
5105:
5100:
5096:
5091:
5087:
5082:
5075:
5070:
5066:
5061:
5057:
5052:
5048:
5043:
5039:
5035:Robinson, p.85.
5034:
5025:
5020:
5016:
5011:
5007:
5002:
4998:
4992:Measuring Worth
4989:
4978:
4973:
4969:
4964:
4960:
4955:
4951:
4946:
4939:
4934:
4930:
4925:
4921:
4916:
4909:
4904:
4897:
4892:
4888:
4883:
4879:
4874:
4870:
4865:
4856:
4851:
4847:
4842:
4835:
4830:
4826:
4821:
4814:
4809:
4805:
4800:
4796:
4791:
4784:
4779:
4770:
4765:
4761:
4757:Watkin, p. 335.
4756:
4749:
4744:
4740:
4735:
4731:
4726:
4722:
4717:
4713:
4708:
4699:
4694:
4690:
4685:
4678:
4673:
4669:
4664:
4649:
4644:
4640:
4635:
4622:
4617:
4613:
4608:
4604:
4599:
4592:
4587:
4583:
4578:
4571:
4566:
4562:
4557:
4553:
4548:
4539:
4534:
4530:
4525:
4521:
4516:
4509:
4504:
4500:
4495:
4491:
4486:
4482:
4477:
4473:
4468:
4464:
4459:
4452:
4447:
4443:
4438:
4434:
4429:
4425:
4420:
4416:
4411:
4407:
4402:
4398:
4393:
4389:
4384:
4380:
4375:
4371:
4366:
4362:
4357:
4353:
4348:
4337:
4332:
4328:
4323:
4314:
4309:
4305:
4300:
4296:
4291:
4287:
4282:
4278:
4273:
4264:
4259:
4255:
4251:Pounds, p. 249.
4250:
4246:
4241:
4237:
4232:
4225:
4220:
4216:
4211:
4207:
4202:
4195:
4190:
4186:
4181:
4177:
4172:
4168:
4163:
4159:
4154:
4147:
4142:
4138:
4133:
4124:
4119:
4112:
4107:
4103:
4098:
4094:
4090:Steane, p. 110.
4089:
4072:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4054:
4049:
4042:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4010:
4005:
3994:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3955:
3951:
3946:
3942:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3924:
3919:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3886:
3882:
3877:
3870:
3865:
3861:
3851:
3849:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3826:Cantor, p. 105.
3825:
3821:
3811:
3809:
3802:"The Long Walk"
3800:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3783:
3778:
3774:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3738:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3717:
3712:
3705:
3700:
3693:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3675:
3670:
3659:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3629:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3597:
3593:
3588:
3584:
3579:
3575:
3565:
3563:
3554:
3553:
3546:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3523:
3519:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3478:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3452:Watkin, p. 345.
3451:
3447:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3426:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3405:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3364:
3355:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3288:
3286:
3285:. 6 August 2020
3277:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3258:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3186:
3182:
3177:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3087:
3082:
3075:
3066:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3043:
3039:
3030:
3026:
3017:
3013:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2963:
2959:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2880:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2846:Sir Bryn Terfel
2777:security issues
2729:President Mbeki
2725:Royal Household
2697:
2640:
2634:
2561:Duke of Windsor
2492:central heating
2483:Edward VII
2480:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2470:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2449:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2436:Charles II
2429:
2420:
2419:
2413:
2349:Rudyard Kipling
2276:Charles II
2217:
2110:
2042:Louis XIV Style
2001:The Restoration
1998:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1985:
1862:, shown before
1856:bird's-eye view
1848:
1778:Cardinal Wolsey
1756:Henry VIII
1749:Henry VIII
1741:
1658:Richard II
1636:
1624:Richard II
1588:Edward III
1544:Edward III
1537:Edward III
1529:
1520:Sainte-Chapelle
1489:Count of Nevers
1458:
1344:Norman conquest
1324:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1302:
1297:
1275:to the chapel.
1232:
1107:Henry VIII
1047:
1039:Rievaulx Abbeys
875:Edward III
863:
808:Hubert Le Sueur
804:Charles II
787:
744:
707:
689:: North Terrace
677:: The Long Walk
607:
571:First World War
551:George III
539:Charles II
512:Henry VIII
510:, during which
503:Edward III
431:and succeeding
417:royal residence
384:
382:
379:
362:
335:
333:
330:
313:
310:Listed Building
281:
272:
224:the public
223:
216:Royal Household
166:
164:
160:
157:
152:
149:
147:
145:
144:
136:
135:
134:
133:
127:
126:
125:
124:
120:
99:
79:
67:
60:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
34:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7063:
7053:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6950:Windsor Castle
6935:
6934:
6932:
6931:
6926:
6920:
6918:
6914:
6913:
6911:
6910:
6909:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6874:
6873:
6868:
6858:
6853:
6852:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6822:
6821:
6816:
6805:
6803:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6795:
6793:Windsor Castle
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6768:Clarence House
6765:
6759:
6757:
6753:
6752:
6745:
6744:
6737:
6730:
6722:
6716:
6715:
6690:
6684:
6681:Windsor Castle
6678:
6675:Windsor Castle
6670:
6669:External links
6667:
6665:
6664:
6649:
6632:
6615:
6598:
6581:
6564:
6561:
6558:
6541:
6525:
6508:
6491:
6474:
6457:
6437:
6420:
6403:
6386:
6369:
6352:
6349:
6332:
6315:
6312:
6303:
6286:
6268:
6251:
6234:
6231:978-1473825604
6219:
6202:
6182:
6165:
6148:
6131:
6114:
6096:
6079:
6062:
6045:
6027:
6010:
6007:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5981:
5951:
5920:
5894:
5869:
5858:. 9 April 2021
5843:
5817:
5791:
5779:
5767:
5755:
5743:
5734:
5725:
5716:
5707:
5681:
5665:
5656:
5654:Emery, p. 192.
5647:
5638:
5626:
5617:Royal Property
5608:
5599:
5590:
5581:
5572:
5563:Windsor Castle
5554:
5539:
5527:
5508:
5499:
5490:
5481:
5467:
5458:
5449:
5440:
5431:
5422:
5410:
5401:
5392:
5380:
5371:
5362:
5353:
5333:
5324:
5312:
5303:
5294:
5285:
5276:
5267:
5258:
5249:
5240:
5226:
5224:Rowse, p. 234.
5214:
5205:
5196:
5187:
5178:
5169:
5160:
5151:
5149:Rowse, p. 221.
5142:
5130:
5128:Rowse, p. 209.
5121:
5119:Rowse, p. 207.
5112:
5103:
5094:
5085:
5073:
5064:
5055:
5046:
5037:
5023:
5014:
5005:
4996:
4976:
4967:
4958:
4949:
4937:
4928:
4919:
4907:
4895:
4886:
4877:
4868:
4854:
4845:
4833:
4824:
4812:
4803:
4801:Newman, p. 81.
4794:
4782:
4768:
4759:
4747:
4738:
4729:
4720:
4718:Dixon, p. 269.
4711:
4697:
4688:
4676:
4667:
4647:
4638:
4620:
4611:
4602:
4590:
4581:
4569:
4560:
4551:
4537:
4528:
4519:
4507:
4498:
4489:
4480:
4471:
4462:
4450:
4441:
4432:
4423:
4414:
4405:
4396:
4387:
4378:
4369:
4360:
4351:
4335:
4326:
4312:
4303:
4294:
4285:
4276:
4262:
4253:
4244:
4235:
4223:
4214:
4205:
4193:
4184:
4175:
4166:
4157:
4145:
4136:
4122:
4110:
4101:
4092:
4070:
4061:
4052:
4040:
4031:
4022:
4008:
3992:
3983:
3967:
3958:
3949:
3940:
3931:
3922:
3920:Emery, p. 193.
3898:
3889:
3880:
3868:
3859:
3837:
3828:
3819:
3793:
3781:
3772:
3763:
3754:
3745:
3736:
3727:
3715:
3703:
3691:
3682:
3673:
3657:
3648:
3639:
3627:
3618:
3609:
3607:Emery, p. 197.
3600:
3591:
3582:
3573:
3544:
3535:
3526:
3517:
3508:
3499:
3490:
3481:
3472:
3463:
3454:
3445:
3436:
3424:
3415:
3403:
3394:
3385:
3376:
3367:
3353:
3344:
3335:
3333:Emery, p. 200.
3326:
3317:
3305:
3296:
3270:
3261:
3249:
3240:
3231:
3219:
3210:
3198:
3189:
3180:
3168:
3159:
3150:
3125:
3103:
3085:
3073:
3067:Hugh Roberts,
3056:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3037:
3024:
3011:
2983:
2974:
2957:
2948:
2939:
2930:
2921:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2882:England portal
2869:
2866:
2842:Andrea Bocelli
2781:water turbines
2715:, is owned by
2696:
2693:
2652:Queen's Beasts
2650:, one of four
2636:Main article:
2633:
2630:
2577:Garter Service
2565:George VI
2557:British Empire
2545:Fort Belvedere
2504:Thomas Sopwith
2471:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2450:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2430:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2378:Henry Ponsonby
2361:Anthony Salvin
2324:British Empire
2308:Queen Victoria
2294:Queen Victoria
2284:Prince Charles
2227:, showing the
2216:
2213:
2160:George Bickham
2140:George II
2109:
2106:
2050:Royal Hospital
1987:
1986:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1894:Nicholas Stone
1886:Charles I
1847:
1844:
1806:Edward VI
1740:
1737:
1716:Chertsey Abbey
1691:Edward IV
1647:Edward IV
1635:
1632:
1558:Edward placed
1528:
1525:
1504:Henry III
1466:Henry III
1457:
1454:
1396:Alnwick Castle
1388:Arundel Castle
1360:Windsor Forest
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1231:
1228:
1158:Alfred Gilbert
1138:Henry III
1123:Edward IV
1119:Charles I
1071:Anthony Salvin
1046:
1043:
984:Anthony Salvin
953:Antonio Verrio
928:Louis XV style
862:
859:
829:victory garden
812:Charles I
786:
783:
764:Royal Archives
743:
740:
706:
705:
702:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
651:
645:
639:
633:
627:
621:
614:
606:
603:
567:Queen Victoria
555:George IV
531:Charles I
499:Henry III
491:fortifications
413:Windsor Castle
408:
407:
404:
403:
400:
399:
394:
390:
389:
376:
372:
371:
368:
364:
363:
358:
355:
354:
351:
350:
345:
341:
340:
327:
323:
322:
319:
315:
314:
308:
305:
304:
301:
300:
295:
291:
290:
289:Windsor Castle
287:
283:
282:
277:
274:
273:
271:
270:
265:
259:
257:
253:
252:
246:
242:
241:
238:
234:
233:
229:
228:
227:Limited access
225:
219:
218:
213:
209:
208:
199:
195:
194:
190:
189:
179:
175:
174:
142:
138:
137:
128:
123:Windsor Castle
122:
121:
114:
113:
107:
106:
105:
104:
101:
100:
94:
86:
85:
76:
75:
74:Windsor Castle
58:
36:
30:
27:
25:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7062:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7045:Former squats
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6947:
6945:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6915:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6888:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6863:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6836:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6826:Gatcombe Park
6824:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6811:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6800:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6760:
6758:
6754:
6750:
6743:
6738:
6736:
6731:
6729:
6724:
6723:
6720:
6705:
6704:
6699:
6695:
6691:
6688:
6685:
6682:
6679:
6676:
6673:
6672:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6647:
6643:
6639:
6638:
6633:
6630:
6626:
6622:
6621:
6616:
6613:
6609:
6605:
6604:
6599:
6596:
6592:
6588:
6587:
6582:
6579:
6575:
6571:
6570:
6565:
6562:
6559:
6556:
6552:
6548:
6547:
6542:
6540:
6536:
6532:
6531:
6526:
6523:
6519:
6515:
6514:
6509:
6506:
6502:
6498:
6497:
6492:
6489:
6485:
6481:
6480:
6475:
6472:
6468:
6464:
6463:
6458:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6438:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6426:
6421:
6418:
6414:
6410:
6409:
6404:
6401:
6397:
6393:
6392:
6387:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6375:
6370:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6358:
6353:
6350:
6347:
6343:
6339:
6338:
6333:
6330:
6326:
6322:
6321:
6316:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6304:
6301:
6297:
6293:
6292:
6287:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6274:
6269:
6266:
6262:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6240:
6235:
6232:
6228:
6224:
6220:
6217:
6213:
6209:
6208:
6203:
6200:
6196:
6192:
6191:
6186:
6183:
6180:
6176:
6172:
6171:
6166:
6163:
6159:
6155:
6154:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6138:
6137:
6132:
6129:
6125:
6121:
6120:
6115:
6112:
6108:
6104:
6102:
6097:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6085:
6080:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6068:
6063:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6051:
6046:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6033:
6028:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6016:
6011:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5991:
5990:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5955:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5924:
5908:
5904:
5898:
5890:
5886:
5885:The Telegraph
5881:
5873:
5857:
5853:
5847:
5831:
5827:
5821:
5805:
5801:
5795:
5788:
5783:
5776:
5771:
5764:
5759:
5752:
5747:
5738:
5729:
5720:
5711:
5696:
5692:
5685:
5678:
5674:
5669:
5660:
5651:
5642:
5633:
5631:
5623:
5619:
5618:
5612:
5603:
5594:
5585:
5576:
5569:
5565:
5564:
5558:
5551:
5550:
5543:
5534:
5532:
5524:
5520:
5519:
5512:
5503:
5494:
5485:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5462:
5453:
5444:
5435:
5426:
5417:
5415:
5405:
5396:
5387:
5385:
5375:
5366:
5357:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5328:
5319:
5317:
5307:
5298:
5289:
5280:
5271:
5262:
5253:
5244:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5221:
5219:
5209:
5200:
5191:
5182:
5173:
5164:
5155:
5146:
5137:
5135:
5125:
5116:
5107:
5098:
5089:
5080:
5078:
5068:
5059:
5050:
5041:
5032:
5030:
5028:
5018:
5009:
5000:
4993:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4971:
4962:
4953:
4944:
4942:
4932:
4923:
4914:
4912:
4902:
4900:
4893:Rowse, p. 86.
4890:
4881:
4872:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4849:
4843:Tite, p. 110.
4840:
4838:
4828:
4819:
4817:
4807:
4798:
4789:
4787:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4763:
4754:
4752:
4742:
4733:
4724:
4715:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4695:Rowse, p. 85.
4692:
4686:Rowse, p. 84.
4683:
4681:
4671:
4665:Rowse, p. 80.
4662:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4642:
4636:Rowse, p. 79.
4633:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4618:Rowse, p. 77.
4615:
4609:Rowse, p. 76.
4606:
4600:Rowse, p. 74.
4597:
4595:
4585:
4579:Rowse, p. 69.
4576:
4574:
4567:Rowse, p. 66.
4564:
4555:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4532:
4523:
4517:Rowse, p. 64.
4514:
4512:
4505:Rowse, p. 67.
4502:
4493:
4487:Rowse, p. 60.
4484:
4475:
4469:Rowse, p. 57.
4466:
4457:
4455:
4448:Rowse, p. 56.
4445:
4436:
4430:Rowse, p. 55.
4427:
4418:
4409:
4403:Rowse, p. 61.
4400:
4391:
4385:Rowse, p. 48.
4382:
4376:Rowse, p. 47.
4373:
4367:Rowse, p. 46.
4364:
4355:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4330:
4324:Rowse, p. 43.
4321:
4319:
4317:
4307:
4301:Rowse, p. 34.
4298:
4292:Rowse, p. 39.
4289:
4283:Rowse, p. 31.
4280:
4274:Rowse, p. 30.
4271:
4269:
4267:
4257:
4248:
4242:Rowse, p. 29.
4239:
4233:Rowse, p. 28.
4230:
4228:
4218:
4209:
4200:
4198:
4188:
4179:
4170:
4161:
4155:Emery, p.196.
4152:
4150:
4140:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4117:
4115:
4105:
4096:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4065:
4056:
4047:
4045:
4035:
4026:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3987:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3962:
3956:South, p. 35.
3953:
3944:
3935:
3926:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3893:
3884:
3875:
3873:
3863:
3847:
3841:
3832:
3823:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3788:
3786:
3776:
3767:
3758:
3749:
3740:
3731:
3722:
3720:
3710:
3708:
3698:
3696:
3686:
3677:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3652:
3643:
3634:
3632:
3622:
3613:
3604:
3595:
3586:
3577:
3562:. 6 July 2019
3561:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3539:
3530:
3521:
3512:
3503:
3494:
3485:
3476:
3470:Rowse, p. 95.
3467:
3458:
3449:
3440:
3431:
3429:
3419:
3410:
3408:
3398:
3389:
3380:
3371:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3348:
3339:
3330:
3321:
3312:
3310:
3300:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3265:
3256:
3254:
3244:
3235:
3226:
3224:
3214:
3205:
3203:
3193:
3184:
3175:
3173:
3163:
3154:
3135:
3129:
3122:
3118:
3117:The Telegraph
3114:
3107:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3080:
3078:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3057:
3041:
3034:
3028:
3021:
3015:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2987:
2978:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2952:
2943:
2934:
2925:
2915:
2911:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2872:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2834:Lionel Richie
2831:
2827:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2785:hydroelectric
2782:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2706:
2701:
2692:
2689:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2629:
2626:
2625:Prince Philip
2622:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2610:French defeat
2607:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2581:Elias Ashmole
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2522:Edwin Lutyens
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2500:1908 Olympics
2497:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2474:
2468:
2458:
2454:
2447:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2369:Ludwig Gruner
2366:
2362:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2339:, within the
2338:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2312:Prince Albert
2309:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2240:Carlton House
2237:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2212:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2132:Hampton Court
2129:
2125:
2124:George I
2119:
2114:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2080:commissioned
2079:
2075:
2072:
2071:Hampton Court
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2014:Prince Rupert
2009:
2006:
2002:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1960:Hampton Court
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1945:Earl of Essex
1942:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1819:Reading Abbey
1816:
1812:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1745:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1685:Henry VI
1682:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1654:Henry IV
1648:
1644:
1640:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1538:
1533:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1491:, but John's
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1462:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1446:Bagshot Heath
1442:
1441:Henry II
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1366:, was an old
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1332:Henry II
1328:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1288:
1286:
1285:Henry VI
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1175:, one of the
1174:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:Prince Albert
1143:
1139:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1027:Prince Philip
1024:
1023:Hampton Court
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
1000:John Robinson
997:
993:
989:
985:
977:
973:
968:
964:
962:
958:
954:
949:
946:
942:
938:
933:
932:Carlton House
929:
921:
916:
912:
910:
905:
900:
896:
892:
888:
882:
880:
876:
867:
858:
855:
851:
847:
843:
842:Bagshot Heath
839:
833:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
810:'s statue of
809:
805:
802:
791:
782:
780:
776:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
739:
736:
732:
727:
723:
719:
715:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
683:: Norman Gate
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
659:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
615:
611:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:Parliamentary
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
405:
401:
398:
395:
391:
377:
373:
369:
367:Official name
365:
361:
356:
352:
349:
346:
342:
328:
324:
320:
318:Official name
316:
311:
306:
302:
299:
296:
292:
288:
286:Official name
284:
280:
275:
269:
266:
264:
261:
260:
258:
254:
250:
249:Bagshot Heath
247:
243:
239:
235:
230:
226:
220:
217:
214:
210:
207:
203:
200:
196:
191:
188:
184:
180:
176:
171:
143:
139:
132:
111:
102:
98:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
69:
65:
48:
44:
40:
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2679:Crown Estate
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2614:Crown Jewels
2589:
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2527:royal family
2518:dolls' house
2514:Mary of Teck
2508:
2481:
2434:style under
2411:20th century
2386:
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2358:
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2263:Charles Long
2257:to vote him
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2108:18th century
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2010:
1999:
1964:Army Council
1957:
1939:
1907:In 1642 the
1906:
1884:
1871:James I
1869:
1846:17th century
1837:
1823:
1803:
1794:River Thames
1769:River Thames
1765:
1754:
1739:16th century
1720:
1704:Eton College
1689:
1673:Lancastrians
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1651:
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1450:Bedfordshire
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1411:Henry I
1400:
1356:River Thames
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1309:River Thames
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1281:River Thames
1277:Eton College
1258:
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1166:
1154:Susan Durant
1135:
1115:Jane Seymour
1103:oriel window
1094:choir stalls
1083:
1075:Edward Blore
1067:
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1004:
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976:Giles Downes
961:Wilton House
950:
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909:Hugh Pearman
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820:River Thames
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714:fire in 1992
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641:
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617:
605:Architecture
599:Elizabeth II
595:state visits
591:fire in 1992
520:
508:Tudor period
483:River Thames
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460:Hugh Roberts
452:Henry I
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232:Site history
222:Open to
204:in right of
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6839:Ivy Cottage
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3033:James Wyatt
2993:'s role in
2606:heavy water
2569:Royal Lodge
2405:Old Windsor
2393:Renaissance
2248:Royal Lodge
2225:Joseph Nash
2208:White House
2188:James Wyatt
2118:Paul Sandby
2022:real tennis
2005:Interregnum
1930:high church
1890:Inigo Jones
1815:Mary I
1774:Lady Chapel
1724:Lady Chapel
1516:Lady Chapel
1481:Magna Carta
1415:Whitsuntide
1407:Old Windsor
1269:St George's
1209:Carcassonne
1098:Henry Emlyn
992:James Wyatt
955:and carver
854:picturesque
742:Middle Ward
735:Picturesque
535:Restoration
237:In use
165: /
141:Coordinates
6944:Categories
6866:Anmer Hall
6849:Wren House
6709:5 December
5913:3 February
3143:10 January
3053:References
2838:Katy Perry
2654:carved by
2621:Queen Mary
2593:John Piper
2585:Ascot Week
2549:Great Park
2488:John Brown
2389:mock Tudor
2328:steamships
2302:Mary Steen
2255:Parliament
2194:, and its
2166:George III
2136:Kensington
2128:St James's
2094:Henry Wise
2090:Queen Anne
1483:at nearby
1431:shell keep
1392:Rockingham
1273:choristers
1197:sally port
1169:lay clerks
1045:Lower Ward
899:Jacobethan
850:galletting
846:Bath stone
785:Upper Ward
779:lion masks
474:" design.
385:1999-08-31
375:Designated
336:1975-10-02
326:Designated
153:00°36′15″W
6871:Wood Farm
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6199:455329771
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2721:the Crown
2675:the Crown
2660:1992 fire
2656:Ben Harms
2632:1992 fire
2597:Elizabeth
2587:in June.
2573:Elizabeth
2553:aerodrome
2537:in 1917.
2457:George IV
2341:Home Park
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2236:George IV
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1898:Mannerist
1836:'s play,
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1493:constable
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1473:King John
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920:1992 fire
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838:George IV
775:gatehouse
722:Victorian
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425:Berkshire
312:– Grade I
245:Materials
206:the Crown
150:51°29′0″N
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6653:Henry VI
6417:38518607
6162:77106638
5974:28 April
5968:Archived
5944:14 April
5938:Archived
5934:BBC News
5907:Sky News
5889:Archived
5862:13 April
5856:BBC News
5836:13 April
5830:Sky News
5810:14 April
5804:BBC News
5695:BBC News
3852:25 March
3812:25 March
3560:ITV News
3289:6 August
3045:stadium.
2991:Falstaff
2868:See also
2770:of art.
2601:Margaret
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2242:and the
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879:Hugh May
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1201:conical
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256:Events
183:bailey
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2171:Henry
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