Robert Falcon Scott

4269: 813:, Scott seemed to take offence with a map that was published that had shown how far south Scott and Shackleton had travelled during the Discovery Expedition. Scott implied in this letter, dated in 1907 and discovered in the shop archives in 2018, that having the two men's names together on this map indicated that there was "dual leadership" between Scott and Shackleton which was "not in accordance with fact." After the owner replied with an apology over the issue, Scott expressed his regret at the nature of the previous letter and stated, "I tried to be impartial in giving credit to my companions who one and all laboured honestly and well as I have endeavoured to record....I understand now of course that you had no personal knowledge of the wording and I must express regret that I failed to realise your identity when I first wrote." 992: 1133: 1063:, 200 miles (320 km) to their east. Scott conceded that his ponies would not be able to start early enough in the season to compete with Amundsen's cold-tolerant dog teams for the pole and also acknowledged that the Norwegian's base was closer to the pole by 69 miles (111 km). Wilson was more hopeful, whereas Gran shared Scott's concern. Shortly afterwards, the death toll among the ponies increased to six, three drowning when sea-ice unexpectedly disintegrated, casting in doubt the possibility of reaching the pole at all. However, during the 1911 winter, Scott's confidence increased: on 2 August, after the return of a three-man party from their winter journey to 1168: 924: 1331: 673: 585:. A long-cherished dream of Markham's, it required all of his skills and cunning to bring the expedition to fruition, under naval command and largely staffed by naval personnel. Scott may not have been Markham's first choice as leader but, having decided on him, the older man remained a constant supporter. There were committee battles over the scope of Scott's responsibilities, with the Royal Society pressing to put a scientist in charge of the expedition's programme while Scott merely commanded the ship. Eventually, however, Markham's view prevailed; Scott was given overall command, and was promoted to the rank of commander before 1233: 1164:, three days ahead of schedule, noting in his diary for 27 February 1912, "We are naturally always discussing possibility of meeting dogs, where and when, etc. It is a critical position. We may find ourselves in safety at the next depot, but there is a horrid element of doubt." On 2 March, Oates began to suffer from the effects of frostbite and the party's progress slowed as he was increasingly unable to assist in the workload, eventually only able to drag himself alongside the men pulling the sledge. By 10 March the temperature had dropped unexpectedly to below −40 °C (−40 °F). 4558: 615: 1190:, dated 16 March, Scott wondered whether he had overshot the meeting point and fought the growing suspicion that he had in fact been abandoned by the dog teams: "We very nearly came through, and it's a pity to have missed it, but lately I have felt that we have overshot our mark. No-one is to blame and I hope no attempt will be made to suggest that we had lacked support." On the same day, Oates, whose toes had become frostbitten, voluntarily left the tent and walked to his death. Scott wrote that Oates' last words were "I am just going outside and may be some time". 1366:, reporting on the glowing tributes paid to Scott in the New York press, claimed that both Amundsen and Shackleton were " to hear that such a disaster could overtake a well-organized expedition". On learning the details of Scott's death, Amundsen is reported to have said, "I would gladly forgo any honour or money if thereby I could have saved Scott his terrible death". Scott was the better wordsmith of the two, and the story that spread throughout the world was largely that told by him, with Amundsen's victory reduced in the eyes of many to an unsporting stratagem. 652:, a merchant officer, was offered the chance to go home on compassionate grounds, but interpreted the offer as a personal slight, and refused. Armitage also promoted the idea that the decision to send Shackleton home on the relief ship arose from Scott's animosity rather than Shackleton's physical breakdown. Although there was later tension between Scott and Shackleton, when their polar ambitions directly clashed, mutual civilities were preserved in public; Scott joined in the official receptions that greeted Shackleton on his return in 1909 after the 487:. According to Huntford, Scott "disappears from naval records" for eight months, from mid-August 1889 until 26 March 1890. Huntford hints at involvement with a married American woman, a cover-up, and protection by senior officers. Biographer David Crane reduces the missing period to eleven weeks, but is unable to clarify further. He rejects the notion of protection by senior officers on the grounds that Scott was not important or well-connected enough to warrant this. Documents that may have offered explanations are missing from Admiralty records. 4255: 4226: 382: 281: 491: 1157:("Teddy") Evans who needed urgent medical attention. Atkinson therefore tried to send the experienced navigator Wright south to meet Scott, but chief meteorologist Simpson declared he needed Wright for scientific work. Atkinson then decided to send the short-sighted Cherry-Garrard on 25 February, who was not able to navigate, only as far as One Ton depot (which is within sight of Mount Erebus), effectively cancelling Scott's orders for meeting him at latitude 82 or 82.30 on 1 March. 86: 4798: 462:, then Secretary of the Royal Geographical Society, who would loom large in Scott's later career. On this occasion, 1 March 1887, Markham observed Midshipman Scott's cutter winning that morning's race across the bay. Markham's habit was to "collect" likely young naval officers with a view to their undertaking polar exploration work in the future. He was impressed by Scott's intelligence, enthusiasm and charm, and the 18-year-old midshipman was duly noted. 1464: 2922:"My right foot has gone, nearly all the toes—two days ago I was proud possessor of best feet. These are the steps of my downfall. Like an ass I mixed a small spoonful of curry powder with my melted pemmican—it gave me violent indigestion. I lay awake and in pain all night; woke and felt done on the march; foot went and I didn't know it. A very small measure of neglect and have a foot which is not pleasant to contemplate." Scott's diary 18 March 1912 1047: 4241: 1393: 556: 4808: 1194:

nine days, as their supplies ran out, and with storms still raging outside the tent, Scott and his companions wrote their farewell letters. Scott gave up his diary after 23 March, save for a final entry on 29 March, with its concluding words: "Last entry. For God's sake look after our people". He left letters to Wilson's mother, Bowers' mother, a string of notables including his former commander, Sir

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performance impressed Scott, and, despite moral qualms, he implemented the principle of slaughtering dogs for dog food to increase the others' range. During an early attempt at ice travel, a blizzard trapped expedition members in their tent and their decision to leave it resulted in the death of George Vince, who slipped over a precipice on 11 March 1902. The expedition also experienced problems with

2889:"Oates disclosed his feet, the toes showing very bad indeed, evidently bitten by the late temperatures" Scott diary entry, 2 March 1912. "The result is telling on ... Oates, whose feet are in a wretched condition. One swelled up tremendously last night and he is very lame this morning" Scott diary entry 5 March 1912. "Titus Oates is very near the end" – Scott diary entry, 17 March 1912. 538:, under the auspices of the RGS. It was the opportunity for early command and a chance to distinguish himself, rather than any predilection for polar exploration which motivated Scott, according to Crane. What passed between them on this occasion is not recorded, but a few days later, on 11 June, Scott appeared at the Markham residence and volunteered to lead the expedition. 850: 1501:, was released in 1977. In Thomson's view, Scott was not a great man, "at least, not until near the end"; his planning is described as "haphazard" and "flawed", his leadership characterised by lack of foresight. Thus by the late 1970s, biographer Max Jones stated, "Scott's complex personality had been revealed and his methods questioned". 636:, took them to a latitude of 82°17′S, about 530 miles (850 km) from the pole. A harrowing return journey brought about Shackleton's physical collapse and his early departure from the expedition. The second year showed improvements in technique and achievement, culminating in Scott's western journey which led to the discovery of the 1043:, in charge of the ponies, advised Scott to kill ponies for food and advance the depot to 80°S, which Scott refused to do. Oates is reported as saying to Scott, "Sir, I'm afraid you'll come to regret not taking my advice." Four ponies died during this journey, either from the cold or because they slowed the team down and were shot. 524:, John Scott died of heart disease, creating a fresh family crisis. Hannah Scott and her two unmarried daughters now relied entirely on the service pay of Scott and the salary of younger brother Archie, who had left the army for a higher-paid post in the colonial service. Archie's own death in the autumn of 1898, after contracting 509:, Scott learned of the financial calamity that had overtaken his family. John Scott, having sold the brewery and invested the proceeds unwisely, had lost all his capital and was now virtually bankrupt. At the age of 63, and in poor health, he was forced to take a job as a brewery manager and move his family to 1145:, the physical condition of Edgar Evans, which Scott had noted with concern as early as 23 January, declined sharply. A fall on 4 February had left Evans "dull and incapable," and on 17 February, after another fall, he died near the glacier foot. Still needing to travel 400 miles (640 km) across the 1546:

interpretations". What has happened to Scott's reputation, Crane argues, derives from the way the world has changed since the "hopeless heroism and obscene waste" of the First World War. At the time of Scott's death, people clutched at the proof he gave that the qualities that made Britain, indeed the

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ties the fate of Scott's party to the extraordinarily adverse Barrier weather conditions of February and March 1912 rather than to personal or organisational failings and, while not entirely questioning any criticism of Scott, Solomon principally characterises the criticism as the "Myth of Scott as a

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The deflated party began the 862 miles (1,387 km) return journey on 19 January. "I'm afraid the return journey is going to be dreadfully tiring and monotonous", wrote Scott on that day. The party made good progress despite poor weather, and had completed the Polar Plateau stage of their journey,

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Experience of Antarctic or Arctic waters was almost entirely lacking within the 50-strong party and there was very little special training in equipment or techniques before the ship set sail. Dogs were taken, as were skis, but the dogs succumbed to disease in the first season. Nevertheless, the dogs'

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Scott's diary, 22 February 1911: "The proper, as well as wiser, course for us is to proceed exactly as though this had not happened. To go forward and do our best for the honour of the country without fear or panic. There is no doubt that Amundsen's plan is a serious menace to ours. He has a shorter

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In 2012, Karen May published her discovery that Scott had issued written orders, before his march to the Pole, for Meares to meet the returning party with dog-teams, in contrast to Huntford's assertion in 1979 that Scott issued those vital instructions only as a casual oral order to Evans during the

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About the first week of February I should like you to start your third journey to the South, the object being to hasten the return of the third Southern unit and give it a chance to catch the ship. The date of your departure must depend on news received from returning units, the extent of the depot

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The march south began on 1 November 1911, a caravan of mixed transport groups (motors, dogs, horses), with loaded sledges, travelling at different rates, all designed to support a final group of four men who would make a dash for the Pole. The southbound party steadily reduced in size as successive

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for 20 days, far longer than other ships had experienced, which meant a late-season arrival and less time for preparatory work before the Antarctic winter. At Cape Evans, Antarctica, one of the motor sledges was lost during its unloading from the ship, breaking through the sea ice and sinking.

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regards Shackleton's actions as a technical breach of honour, but adds: "My personal belief is that Shackleton was basically honest but circumstances forced his McMurdo landing, much to his distress." The polar historian Beau Riffenburgh states that the promise to Scott "should never ethically have

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Promotion, and the extra income this would bring, now became a matter of considerable concern to Scott. In the Royal Navy however, opportunities for career advancement were both limited and keenly sought after by ambitious officers. Early in June 1899, while home on leave, he had a chance encounter

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was released in cinemas and was the third most popular film in Britain the following year. It portrays the team spirit of the expedition and the harsh Antarctic environment, but also includes critical scenes such as Scott regarding his broken down motors and ruefully remembering Nansen's advice to

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to select the dogs and Scott ordered that, while he was there, he should deal with the purchase of Manchurian ponies. Meares was not an experienced horse-dealer and the ponies he chose proved mostly of poor quality and ill-suited to prolonged Antarctic work. Meanwhile, Scott also recruited Bernard

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We took risks, we knew we took them; things have come out against us, and therefore we have no cause for complaint, but bow to the will of Providence, determined still to do our best to the last ... Had we lived, I should have had a tale to tell of the hardihood, endurance, and courage of my

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After walking 20 miles (32 km) farther despite Scott's toes now becoming frostbitten, the three remaining men made their final camp on 19 March, approximately 12.5 miles (20.1 km) short of One Ton Depot. The next day a fierce blizzard prevented their making any progress. During the next

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Scott outlined his plans for the southern journey to the entire shore party, leaving open who would form the final polar team, according to their performance during the polar travel. Eleven days before Scott's teams set off towards the pole, Scott gave the dog driver Meares the following written

640:. This has been described by one writer as "one of the great polar journeys". The scientific results of the expedition included important biological, zoological and geological findings. Some of the meteorological and magnetic readings, however, were later criticised as amateurish and inaccurate. 367:

Following the news of his death, Scott became a celebrated hero, a status reflected by memorials erected across the UK. However, in the last decades of the 20th century, questions were raised about his competence and character. Commentators in the 21st century have regarded Scott more positively

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arrived at the beginning of February, and Atkinson decided to unload the supplies from the ship with his own men rather than set out south with the dogs to meet Scott as ordered. When Atkinson finally did leave south for the planned rendezvous with Scott, he encountered the scurvy-ridden Edward

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base and launch a bid for the South Pole from there. Scott claimed, in the first of a series of letters to Shackleton, that the area around McMurdo was his own "field of work" to which he had prior rights until he chose to give them up, and that Shackleton should therefore work from an entirely

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developed the idea of a caterpillar track for snow surfaces. In the middle of 1909, Scott realised that motors were unlikely to get him all the way to the Pole and decided additionally to take horses (based on Shackleton's near success in attaining the Pole, using ponies), dogs and skis, after

959:, neither they nor the Royal Society were in charge this time. In his expedition prospectus, Scott stated that its main objective was "to reach the South Pole, and to secure for the British Empire the honour of this achievement". Scott had, as Markham observed, been "bitten by the Pole mania". 1521:

summarised Scott as "confused and demoralised ... an enigma to his men, unprepared and a bungler". This decline in Scott's reputation was accompanied by a corresponding rise in that of his erstwhile rival Shackleton, at first in the United States but eventually in Britain as well. A 2002

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In March 1888 Scott passed his examinations for sub-lieutenant, with four first class certificates out of five. His career progressed smoothly, with service on various ships and promotion to lieutenant in 1889. In 1891, after a long spell in foreign waters, he applied for the two-year torpedo

2004:"The dog-team is invested with a capacity of work which is beyond the emulation of party of men ... This method of using dogs is one which can only be adopted with reluctance. One cannot calmly contemplate the murder of animals which possess such intelligence and individuality" RF Scott 1545:

published a new Scott biography in which he comes to the conclusion that Scott is possibly the only figure in polar history except Lawrence Oates "so wholly obscured by legend". According to Barczewski, he goes some way towards an assessment of Scott "free from the baggage of earlier

1493:, the first biographer given access to Scott's original sledging journal, revealed personal failings which cast a new light on Scott, although Pound continued to endorse his heroism, writing of "a splendid sanity that would not be subdued". Another book critical of Scott, 1253:] ... the frost had made the skin yellow & transparent & I’ve never seen anything worse in my life." Their final camp became their tomb; their records and personal belongings were retrieved before the tent roof was lowered over the bodies and a high 473:, an important career step. He graduated with first class certificates in both the theory and practical examinations. A small blot occurred in the summer of 1893 when, while commanding a torpedo boat, Scott ran it aground, a mishap which earned him a mild rebuke. 931:

Shackleton returned from the Antarctic having narrowly failed to reach the Pole and this gave Scott the impetus to proceed with plans for his second Antarctic expedition. On 24 March 1909, he took the Admiralty-based appointment of naval assistant to the

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distance to the Pole by 60 miles (100 km)—I never thought he could have got so many dogs safely to the ice. His plan for running them seems excellent. But above all he can start his journey early in the season — an impossible condition with ponies."

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Wilson's diary "As for Amundsen's prospects of reaching the Pole, I don't think they are very good ... I don't think he knows how bad an effect the monotony and the hard travelling surface of the Barrier is to animals," cited from Ranulph Fiennes

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Tryggve Gran's diary "If we reach the Pole, then Amundsen will reach the Pole, and weeks earlier. Our prospects are thus not exactly promising. The only thing that can save Scott is if an accident happens to Amundsen." cited from Ranulph Fiennes

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companions which would have stirred the heart of every Englishman. These rough notes and our dead bodies must tell the tale, but surely, surely, a great rich country like ours will see that those who are dependent on us are properly provided for.

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He also wrote his "Message to the Public", primarily a vindication of the expedition's organisation and conduct in which the party's failure is attributed to weather and other misfortunes, but ending on an inspirational note, with these words:

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Deteriorating weather conditions and weak, unacclimatised, ponies affected the initial depot-laying journey, so that the expedition's main supply point, One Ton Depot, was laid 35 miles (56 km) north of its planned location at 80°S.

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brewery which he had inherited from his father and subsequently sold. Scott's early childhood years were spent in comfort, but some years later, when he was establishing his naval career, the family suffered serious financial misfortune.

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from the ice. Scott's insistence during the expedition on Royal Navy formalities had made for uneasy relations with the merchant navy contingent, many of whom departed for home with the first relief ship in March 1903. Second-in-command

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after assessing the temperature drop below −40 °C (−40 °F) in March 1912, and after re-discovering Scott's written orders of October 1911, in which he had instructed the dog teams to meet and assist him on the return trip.

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returned to Britain in September 1904. The expedition had caught the public imagination, and Scott became a popular hero. He was awarded a cluster of honours and medals, including many from overseas, and was promoted to the rank of

364:, and learned of a planned Antarctic expedition, which he soon volunteered to lead. His name became inseparably associated with the Antarctic, the field of work to which he remained committed during the final 12 years of his life. 1090:

of the order "to take the two dog-teams south in the event of Meares having to return home, as seemed likely". By 4 January 1912, the last two four-man groups had reached 87°34′S. Scott announced his decision: five men — himself,

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in which Scott is depicted as a "heroic bungler". Huntford's thesis had an immediate impact, becoming the contemporary orthodoxy. After Huntford's book, several other mostly negative books about Captain Scott were published;

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columnist Jasper Rees, likening the changes in explorers' reputations to climatic variations, suggests that "in the current Antarctic weather report, Scott is enjoying his first spell in the sun for twenty-five years". The

335:. On the return journey from the Pole, a planned meeting with supporting dog teams from the base camp failed, despite Scott's written instructions, and at a distance of 162 miles (261 km) from their base camp at 885:. Her initial meeting with Scott was brief, but when they met again later that year, the mutual attraction was obvious. A stormy courtship followed; Scott was not her only suitor—his main rival was would-be novelist 1123:

left in place by Amundsen, in it containing a letter dated 18 December. Scott's anguish is indicated in his diary: "The worst has happened All the day dreams must go Great God! This is an awful place".

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Scott is presumed to have died on 29 March 1912, or possibly one day later. The positions of the bodies in the tent when it was discovered eight months later suggested that Scott was the last of the three to die.

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from the pack ice, and concluded that "For all the many attractions of his book, David Crane offers no answers that convincingly exonerate Scott from a significant share of responsibility for his own demise."

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ground. In the end it was a promise that he was unable to keep after his search for alternative landing grounds proved fruitless. With his only other option being to return home, he set up his headquarters at

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for his New Zealand base in Christchurch. A number of institutions have relics and personal belongings from the expedition. Scott's snow shoes, sledging goggles and the book bag for his diary are held in the

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consultation with Nansen during trials of the motors in Norway in March 1910. Man-hauling would still be needed on the Polar Plateau, on the assumption that motors and animals could not ascend the crevassed

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of dog food you have been able to leave at One Ton Camp, the state of the dogs, etc ... It looks at present as though you should aim at meeting the returning party about March 1 in Latitude 82 or 82.30

1517:, in a 1996 history not wholly antagonistic to Scott, refers to "devastating evidence of bungling", concluding that "Scott doomed his companions, then covered his tracks with rhetoric". Travel writer 405:

In accordance with the family's tradition, Scott and his younger brother Archie were predestined for careers in the armed services. Scott spent four years at a local day school before being sent to

397:. There were also naval and military traditions in the family, Scott's grandfather and four uncles all having served in the army or navy. John Scott's prosperity came from the ownership of a small 962:

In a memorandum of 1908, Scott presented his view that man-hauling to the South Pole was impossible and that motor traction was needed. Snow vehicles did not yet exist however and so his engineer

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and approximately 12.5 miles (20.1 km) from the next depot, Scott and his companions died. When Scott and his party's bodies were discovered, they had in their possession the first Antarctic

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The expedition suffered a series of early misfortunes which hampered the first season's work and impaired preparations for the main polar march. On its journey from New Zealand to the Antarctic,

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in a London street with Clements Markham, who was now knighted and President of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), and learned for the first time of an impending Antarctic expedition with

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tree fossils which they had dragged on hand sledges. These were the first ever discovered Antarctic fossils and proved that Antarctica had once been warm and connected to other continents.

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and promotions for the naval personnel. In place of the knighthood that might have been her husband's had he survived, Kathleen Scott was granted the rank and precedence of a widow of a

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take only dogs. Evans and Cherry-Garrard were the only surviving expedition members to refuse participation in the film, but both re-published their respective books in its wake.

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years later, the ideals of unquestionable duty, self-sacrifice, discipline, patriotism and hierarchy associated with his tragedy take on a different and more sinister colouring.

936:, which placed him conveniently in London. In December, he was released on half-pay to take up the full-time command of the British Antarctic Expedition 1910, to be known as the 1567:

Crane's main achievement, according to Barczewski, is the restoration of Scott's humanity, "far more effectively than either Fiennes's stridency or Solomon's scientific data."

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The expedition had both scientific and exploration objectives; the latter included a long journey south, in the direction of the South Pole. This march, undertaken by Scott,

1327:, asked: "Are Britons going downhill? No! ... There is plenty of pluck and spirit left in the British after all. Captain Scott and Captain Oates have shown us that". 1529:

The 21st century has seen a shift of opinion in Scott's favour, in what cultural historian Stephanie Barczewski calls "a revision of the revisionist view". Meteorologist

1149:, the prospects of Scott's party steadily worsened as they struggled northward with deteriorating weather, a puzzling lack of fuel in the depots, hunger, and exhaustion. 816:

Finally, to end the impasse, Shackleton agreed, in a letter to Scott dated 17 May 1907, to work to the east of the 170°W meridian and therefore to avoid all the familiar

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march to the Pole. According to May, "Huntford's scenario was pure invention based on an error; it has led a number of polar historians down a regrettable false trail".

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The response to Scott's final plea on behalf of the dependents of the dead was enormous by the standards of the day. The Mansion House Scott Memorial Fund closed at

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Playwright and screenwriter. Tally gained early recognition with his ambitious first play Terra Nova (1977), which dramatized Scott's ill-fated 1912 expedition

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It was the expressed hope of the RGS that this expedition would be "scientific primarily, with exploration and the Pole as secondary objects" but, unlike the

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I do not think we can hope for any better things now. We shall stick it out to the end, but we are getting weaker, of course, and the end cannot be far.

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Scott's next few years were crowded. For more than a year he was occupied with public receptions, lectures and the writing of the expedition record,

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Scott was born on 6 June 1868, the third of six children and elder son of John Edward, a brewer and magistrate, and Hannah (née Cuming) Scott of

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of snow was erected over it, topped by a roughly fashioned cross, erected using Gran's skis. Next to their bodies lay 35 pounds (16 kg) of

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By early 1906, Scott queried the RGS about the possible funding of a future Antarctic expedition. It was therefore unwelcome news to him that

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In the dozen years following the tragedy, more than 30 monuments and memorials were set up in Britain alone, including the foundation of the

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approximately 300 miles (480 km), by 7 February. In the following days, as the party made the 100 miles (160 km) descent of the

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On its return to base, the expedition learned of the presence of Amundsen, camped with his crew and a large contingent of dogs in the

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been demanded," and compares Scott's intransigence on this matter unfavourably with the generous attitudes of the Norwegian explorer

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also gives a fictionalised account of the expedition, with monologues from the five men who died on the return from the pole.

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the day before the ship left British shores in August 1901, and during the visit appointed Scott a Member Fourth Class of the

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investigated a possible scandal in Scott's early naval career, related to the period 1889–1890 when Scott was a lieutenant on

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On the return journey from the Pole, Scott reached the 82°S meeting point for the dog teams, 300 miles (480 km) from

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was more critical, pointing out Crane's support for Scott's account regarding the circumstances of the freeing of the

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left for home, a large wooden cross was made by the ship's carpenters, inscribed with the names of the lost party and

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called for the story to be read to schoolchildren throughout the land, to coincide with the memorial service at

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early in 1907 at a private luncheon party. She was a sculptor, socialite and cosmopolitan who had studied under

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At the end of the expedition it took the combined efforts of two relief ships and the use of explosives to free

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Unattributed (11 February 1913). "The Polar Disaster. Captain Scott's Career, Naval Officer And Explorer".

1662: 991: 7501: 7123: 6957: 6898: 6852: 5081: 4970: 4811: 4599: 4531: 4420: 1494: 1471:, Warwickshire, one of four panels. This one depicts the cairn erected over the site of Scott's last tent 1436: 495: 327:, on which the South Pole is located. On the second venture, Scott led a party of five which reached the 1330: 672: 8010: 7861: 6586: 6560: 6553: 6004: 5905: 5897: 5880: 5498: 5044: 4896: 4835: 4681: 4666: 4625: 4589: 4286: 1076:

orders at Cape Evans, dated 20 October 1911, to secure Scott's speedy return from the pole using dogs:

1019:, Australia in October 1910, Scott received a telegram from Amundsen stating: "Beg leave to inform you 898: 436:

as a midshipman, seventh overall in a class of 26. By October, he was en route to South Africa to join

414: 361: 6293: 2342:"Antarctic explorer Scott's letter of complaint about rival Shackleton to go on display in exhibition" 2043: 323:

On the first expedition, he set a new southern record by marching to latitude 82°S and discovered the

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expedition, Scott had a career as a Royal Navy officer. In 1899, he had a chance encounter with Sir

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May, K. (January 2013). "Could Captain Scott have been saved? Revisiting Scott's last expedition".

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tin gifted to Scott by an Oxford businessman which was recovered from the site of his death. The

1167: 923: 841:, who gave freely of his advice and expertise to all, whether they were potential rivals or not. 1439:, England, has the pocket watch which was found with his body. Scott's sledging flag is held in 7839: 7405: 5337: 4706: 4526: 1324: 1316: 1179: 1096: 731: 6672: 4134: 1280:: "To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield", and was erected as a permanent memorial on 1243:

The bodies of Scott and his companions were discovered by a search party on 12 November 1912.

7844: 7813: 7618: 7571: 7470: 7274: 7193: 7136: 6885: 6879: 6729: 6687: 6649: 6629: 6224: 5999: 5835: 5745: 5727: 5644: 5615: 5605: 5493: 5430: 5204: 4726: 4676: 4671: 4566: 4408: 4352: 4330: 4035: 3758: 3440:, wrote: "Huntford's assault on Scott was so extreme it plainly toppled over into absurdity". 1271: 1232: 1119:) - would return. The chosen group marched on, reaching the Pole on 17 January, only to find 937: 913: 724: 701: 677: 600: 314: 206: 187: 5885: 2248: 1973: 711:. In January 1906, he resumed his full-time naval career, first as an assistant director of 7970: 7965: 7698: 7690: 7633: 7221: 7085: 7011: 7003: 6803: 6743: 6702: 6315: 6306: 6177: 6172: 6076: 5940: 5697: 5659: 5266: 5036: 5004: 4948: 4928: 4162: 3300: 1523: 1175: 1116: 1092: 953: 890: 795: 750: 743: 689: 633: 567: 563: 550: 307: 179: 166: 7066: 5471: 5454: 1385: (equivalent to £563,000 in 2023). Edgar Evans's widow, children, and mother received 424:. Having passed these exams Scott began his naval career in 1881, as a 13-year-old cadet. 8: 7741: 7129: 7045: 6826: 6818: 6767: 6407: 6365: 5860: 5823: 5712: 5476: 5346: 5149: 4954: 4801: 4736: 4686: 4661: 4435: 4393: 1320: 1311: 1023:

proceeding Antarctic Amundsen," possibly indicating that Scott faced a race to the pole.

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base. For this he was roundly condemned by the British polar establishment at the time.

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During the research for his dual biography of Scott and Roald Amundsen, polar historian

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that prepared candidates for the entrance examinations to the naval training ship

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tree and proved that Antarctica was once forested and joined to other continents.

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Captain Scott: Icy Deceits and Untold Realities (Three Volumes Bound as One)

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Scott of the Antarctic: A Life of Courage, and Tragedy in the Extreme South

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support teams turned back. Scott reminded the returning Surgeon-Lieutenant

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Scott and Amundsen. Their Race to the South Pole. The Last Place on Earth.

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Scott and Amundsen. Their Race to the South Pole. The Last Place on Earth.

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The expedition's survivors were suitably honoured on their return, with

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Antarctic Destinies: Scott, Shackleton and the Changing Face of Heroism

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Scott's party at the South Pole: Oates, Bowers, Scott, Wilson and Evans

1000: 822: 697: 328: 299: 218: 148: 3301:"Museum of Oxford reopening: Century-old marmalade tin among exhibits" 1414:. Many more were established in other parts of the world, including a 7245: 6082: 5634: 5417: 4470: 1595: 1428: 1411: 1381: (equivalent to £1,063,000 in 2023) and Bowers's mother received 1362: 1285: 1161: 1016: 806: 622: 336: 303: 4827: 1046: 614: 7177: 4495: 4235: 2854:"Karen May & Peter Forster on Cherry-Garrard's 1948 postscript" 1031: 799: 444: 398: 108: 4231: 7804: 7184: 5449: 5425: 5413: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3391: 1377: (equivalent to £2,251,000 in 2023). Wilson's widow received 1120: 1012: 979: 513:, Somerset. Three years later, while Robert was serving with the 5971: 3043:"Antarctic diary records horror at finding Captain Scott's body" 756:, a battleship commanded by Scott, collided with the battleship 6050: 5375: 3330:(Paperback). London: Holder & Stoughton. pp. 134–137. 1392: 1306: 608: 555: 340: 3518: 2321: 1479:, beyond the 50th anniversary of his death. In 1948, the film 742:. The telegram related to a collision involving Scott's ship, 577:

The British National Antarctic Expedition, later known as the

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In 1894, while serving as torpedo officer on the depot ship

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A First Rate Tragedy: Captain Scott's Antarctic Expeditions

3535: 3060: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2397: 2118: 1831: 62:"Scott of the Antarctic" redirects here. For the film, see 3547: 3503: 3491: 2961: 2949: 2892: 2859: 2835: 2823: 2778: 2668: 2644: 2505: 2421: 2409: 2339: 1995:, vol 1, p. 170. "Our ignorance was deplorable." 798:, who asserted that Scott's rights extended to the entire 3914:

The Last Great Quest: Captain Scott's Antarctic Sacrifice

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The Sledging Problem in the Antarctic, Men versus Motors

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Day, from Shackleton's expedition, as his motor expert.

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nationwide poll in the United Kingdom to discover the "

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discovered. The fossils were determined to be from the

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Vol I, Smith Elder & Co, London 1905, p. 465.

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It seems a pity, but I do not think I can write more.

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different area. In this, he was strongly supported by

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Expedition, was a joint enterprise of the RGS and the

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The Coldest March: Scott's Fatal Antarctic Expedition

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In 1979 came the first extreme attack on Scott, from

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The Continuum Companion to Twentieth Century Theatre

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officer and explorer who led two expeditions to the

298:(6 June 1868 – c. 29 March 1912) was a British 4063:

I May Be Some Time: Ice and the English Imagination

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Their only child, 8041:Recipients of the Cullum Geographical Medal 8031:People educated at Stubbington House School 3972: 3436:, p. 386. Francis Spufford, author of 2715:Hodder and Stoughton, London 2003 pp. 219ff 2427: 2327: 1397:Statue of Robert Falcon Scott, Christchurch 1301:The world was informed of the tragedy when 897:, born 14 September 1909, was to found the 591:sailed for the Antarctic on 6 August 1901. 23: 4850: 4836: 4301: 4287: 4253: 4224: 3738: 3553: 3529: 3512: 3497: 3276:"Relics from Scott's Antarctic expedition" 2856:, The Telegraph, accessed 12 October 2014. 2403: 766: 84: 24: 3958:(paperback ed.). London: Constable. 3325: 1351:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath 1011:, an old converted whaler, set sail from 775:had announced his own plans to travel to 7908:Pole of Inaccessibility research station 4060: 4003: 3845: 3716: 3665: 3485: 3473: 3449: 3238: 3226: 3187: 3003: 2247: 2124: 1972: 1837: 1462: 1391: 1329: 1231: 1166: 1131: 1045: 990: 922: 848: 671: 613: 554: 489: 380: 32:This is an accepted version of this page 8021:Military personnel from Plymouth, Devon 7996:Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order 7483:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition 4079: 4022: 3953: 3892: 3875: 3819: 3565: 3541: 3433: 3421: 3409: 3397: 3199: 3175: 3163: 3127: 3103: 3083:. New York: Penguin Group. p. 99. 3066: 2979: 2967: 2955: 2943: 2931: 2910: 2898: 2865: 2841: 2829: 2817: 2805: 2784: 2772: 2736: 2724: 2674: 2650: 2638: 2614: 2577: 2523: 2511: 2451: 2415: 2300: 2267: 2235: 2211: 2160: 2148: 2112: 2088: 1933: 1885: 1873: 1861: 1789: 1174:over the tent containing the bodies of 1107:— would go forward; the other three - ( 802:sector. Shackleton refused to concede. 14: 7953: 4102: 2042:Armston-Sheret, Edward (1 July 2019). 1070: 723:to Rear-Admiral Sir George Egerton on 662: 59:British Antarctic explorer (1868–1912) 6627: 4869: 4857: 4831: 4282: 4270:Works by or about Robert Falcon Scott 3994: 3944: 3909: 3807: 3781: 3589: 3577: 3461: 3385: 3355: 3262: 3250: 3151: 3139: 3115: 3078: 2991: 2748: 2662: 2626: 2589: 2540: 2499: 2487: 2475: 2463: 2439: 2391: 2365: 2315: 2279: 2223: 2196: 2184: 2172: 2136: 2100: 2029: 2017: 1992: 1945: 1921: 1909: 1897: 1849: 1825: 1813: 1801: 1752: 1740: 1713: 1399:, New Zealand, sculpted by his widow 1228:For God’s sake look after our people. 1215:In his final journal entry he wrote: 1055:held up in pack ice, 13 December 1910 736:Luis Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal 427: 4807: 4189: 4132: 3613: 3601: 1657: 1655: 1598:(who later wrote the screenplay for 566:before their march south during the 7269:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition 5466:Norse colonization of North America 4152: 3625: 2877: 1728: 1630:Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration 1446: 1152:Meanwhile, back at Cape Evans, the 352:Before his appointment to lead the 56: 6798:United States Exploring Expedition 3895:Scott's Last Expedition, Volume II 3831:. London: Hodder & Stoughton. 3767:(1965 ed.). London: Penguin. 3724:. London: C. Hurst & Company. 1770:American Museum of Natural History 1590:The expedition was the subject of 458:, he had his first encounter with 432:In July 1883, Scott passed out of 57: 8077: 7981:20th-century Royal Navy personnel 7976:19th-century Royal Navy personnel 7872:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station 7240:Australasian Antarctic Expedition 4211: 3897:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 3880:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 3878:Scott's Last Expedition, Volume I 3637: 3040: 2366:Hoare, Callum (17 October 2019). 1663:"Antarctic Fossils | Expeditions" 1652: 1624:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station 805:According to a letter written to 700:promoted him to Commander of the 8026:Officers of the Legion of Honour 7766:Amundsen's South Pole expedition 7159:Amundsen's South Pole expedition 4806: 4797: 4796: 4556: 4239: 3949:. London: Cassell & Company. 3687: 3659: 3631: 3427: 3361: 3319: 3293: 3268: 3205: 3072: 3034: 3009: 2257:. 1 November 1904. p. 7023. 1416:statue sculpted by Scott's widow 899:World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) 853:Kathleen and Robert Falcon Scott 333:Amundsen's South Pole expedition 279: 8056:Scott family (conservationists) 3743:. London: Hembledon Continuum. 3709: 3568:, pp. xvi, xvii, 124, 129. 2916: 2883: 2847: 2790: 2704: 2690: 2680: 2595: 2558: 2546: 2359: 2333: 2285: 2241: 2048:Journal of Historical Geography 2035: 1998: 1982:. 16 August 1901. p. 5409. 1966: 1951: 1239:memorial cross, erected in 1913 1198:, his own mother and his wife. 1007:On 15 June 1910, Scott's ship, 986: 667: 255: 4308: 4110:. Melbourne: Text Publishing. 3764:The Worst Journey in the World 2796:Scott's diary, 19 January 1912 1758: 1680: 1408:Scott Polar Research Institute 1296: 918: 749:. Scott was cleared of blame. 13: 1: 8046:Recipients of the Polar Medal 7145:Japanese Antarctic Expedition 7080:Scottish Antarctic Expedition 6628: 4222:Biodiversity Heritage Library 4190:Rees, J. (19 December 2004). 4065:. London: Faber & Faber. 3666:Chambers, Colin, ed. (2006). 1640: 1427:contains among other items a 1291: 1127: 995:Scott writing his journal in 371: 7502:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions 7318:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition 7124:French Antarctic Expeditions 7054:Swedish Antarctic Expedition 6940:Belgian Antarctic Expedition 5058:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition 4261:Works by Robert Falcon Scott 4247:Works by Robert Falcon Scott 4232:Works by Robert Falcon Scott 4218:Works by Robert Falcon Scott 4133:Dore, J. (3 December 2006). 4004:Sienicki, Krzysztof (2016). 1645: 1626:, permanent base at the pole 1336:Portsmouth Historic Dockyard 832:Among modern polar writers, 385:Scott as a naval cadet, 1882 7: 8036:People of the Victorian era 7986:Antarctic expedition deaths 6587:Nuclear-powered icebreakers 6266:Austro-Hungarian Expedition 5131:Andrée's balloon expedition 4238:(public domain audiobooks) 3997:The Voyage of the Discovery 3326:Struthers, Rebecca (2023). 2006:The Voyage of the Discovery 1667:expeditions.fieldmuseum.org 1617: 1437:Upton Hall, Nottinghamshire 844: 709:The Voyage of the Discovery 90:Robert Falcon Scott in 1905 10: 8082: 5788:Franklin's lost expedition 5488:Christian IV's expeditions 4870: 1576:New York Times Book Review 1456: 1450: 911: 873:and whose circle included 857:Scott, who because of his 740:Prince Heinrich of Prussia 548: 362:Royal Geographical Society 61: 7605: 7336: 6923: 6663: 6640: 6636: 6623: 6142:Great Northern Expedition 6036: 5818:Rae–Richardson expedition 5567: 5412: 5018:British Arctic Expedition 4910: 4882: 4878: 4865: 4792: 4745: 4644: 4608: 4565: 4554: 4509: 4458: 4381: 4316: 4175:10.1017/S0032247411000751 4126: 3978:Nimrod: Ernest Shackleton 3893:Huxley, L., ed. (1913b). 3876:Huxley, L., ed. (1913a). 3645:Moorhead State University 2060:10.1016/j.jhg.2019.05.006 376: 275: 265: 240: 199: 172: 162: 154: 144: 136: 119: 95: 83: 76: 7426:British Antarctic Survey 7420:Captain Arturo Prat Base 6665:Antarctic/Southern Ocean 4466:Antarctic/Southern Ocean 1601:The Silence of the Lambs 1421:National Maritime Museum 1266:In January 1913, before 1186:In a farewell letter to 407:Stubbington House School 39:latest accepted revision 8016:Explorers of Antarctica 8006:Deaths from hypothermia 7902:Pole of inaccessibility 7565:Antarctic Treaty System 5906:2nd Grinnell expedition 4008:. Open Academic Press. 3920:Oxford University Press 3851:The Last Place on Earth 3739:Barczewski, S. (2007). 3373:www.screenonline.org.uk 3280:Royal Museums Greenwich 2605:Abacus, London, p. 262. 2601:Roland Huntford (2003) 2568:Abacus, London, p. 224. 2564:Roland Huntford (2003) 1353:. In 1922, she married 1182:and Robert Falcon Scott 767:Dispute with Shackleton 360:, the president of the 4088:. London: Allen Lane. 3980:. London: Bloomsbury. 3947:Scott of the Antarctic 1482:Scott of the Antarctic 1472: 1403: 1342: 1325:Boy Scouts Association 1274:'s line from his poem 1240: 1230: 1209: 1183: 1180:Henry Robertson Bowers 1137: 1083: 1056: 1004: 928: 854: 681: 625: 574: 499: 411:cramming establishment 386: 65:Scott of the Antarctic 8061:Terra Nova expedition 7572:Transglobe Expedition 7471:Operation Deep Freeze 6880:Challenger expedition 5746:Coppermine expedition 5267:Drifting ice stations 4061:Spufford, F. (1997). 4036:Yale University Press 3995:Scott, R. F. (1905). 3853:. London: Pan Books. 3081:Why Evolution is True 3079:Coyne, Jerry (2010). 1466: 1457:Further information: 1433:Museum of Timekeeping 1395: 1333: 1235: 1217: 1204: 1170: 1135: 1078: 1049: 994: 926: 914:Terra Nova Expedition 908:expedition, 1910–1913 852: 702:Royal Victorian Order 678:Daniel A. Wehrschmidt 675: 617: 603:, his personal gift. 601:Royal Victorian Order 558: 545:expedition, 1901–1904 494:Portrait of Scott by 493: 384: 207:Royal Victorian Order 155:Years of service 8001:Deaths by starvation 4080:Thomson, D. (1977). 3954:Preston, D. (1999). 3670:. Oxford Reference. 3412:, pp. 153, 218. 2394:, pp. 335, 341. 1766:"Scott's Expedition" 1524:100 Greatest Britons 1176:Edward Adrian Wilson 891:Hampton Court Palace 794:s former zoologist, 692:. He was invited to 551:Discovery Expedition 8066:Royal Navy captains 8051:Royal Navy officers 7961:Robert Falcon Scott 7742:South magnetic pole 6408:Brusilov expedition 5517:Danish colonization 4955:North magnetic pole 4779:Robert Falcon Scott 4436:South magnetic pole 4394:Antarctic Peninsula 4389:Biogeographic realm 4196:The Daily Telegraph 4192:"Ice in our Hearts" 4167:2013PoRec..49...72M 3544:, pp. 309–327. 3532:, pp. 305–311. 3488:, pp. 104–105. 3388:, pp. 285–286. 3358:, pp. 287–289. 3265:, pp. 295–296. 3253:, pp. 106–108. 3241:, Publisher's note. 3142:, pp. 199–201. 3069:, pp. 345–347. 2970:, pp. 605–607. 2958:, pp. 597–604. 2901:, pp. 591–592. 2868:, pp. 292–294. 2844:, pp. 574–580. 2832:, pp. 572–573. 2787:, pp. 543–544. 2761:Cherry-Garrard 1970 2751:, pp. 187–188. 2677:, pp. 187–188. 2653:, pp. 106–107. 2629:, pp. 425–428. 2592:, pp. 432–433. 2543:, pp. 397–399. 2514:, pp. 100–101. 2490:, pp. 373–374. 2478:, pp. 362–366. 2418:, pp. 144–145. 2330:, pp. 113–114. 2199:, pp. 396–397. 2175:, pp. 240–241. 2139:, pp. 392–393. 2127:, pp. 229–230. 2032:, pp. 161–167. 2020:, pp. 211–227. 1840:, pp. 121–123. 1467:Memorial window in 1355:Edward Hilton Young 1321:Robert Baden-Powell 1317:St Paul's Cathedral 1312:London Evening News 1071:Journey to the Pole 895:Peter Markham Scott 865:society, first met 825:, close to the old 719:and, in August, as 663:Between expeditions 466:training course on 313:of 1901–04 and the 291:Robert Falcon Scott 78:Robert Falcon Scott 29:Page version status 7433:Operation Windmill 7414:Operation Highjump 6389:Rusanov expedition 6294:A. E. Nordenskiöld 6038:North East Passage 5842:McClure expedition 4717:Telecommunications 4631:Territorial claims 4139:The New York Times 3945:Pound, R. (1966). 3910:Jones, M. (2003). 3815:. London: Collins. 3809:Evans, E. R. G. R. 3759:Cherry-Garrard, A. 3695:"Antarctic Antics" 3438:I May Be Some Time 3021:www.spri.cam.ac.uk 2291:Burt 1988, p. 211. 2254:The London Gazette 1979:The London Gazette 1510:Scott and Amundsen 1508:'s dual biography 1473: 1423:at Greenwich. The 1404: 1343: 1241: 1184: 1138: 1057: 1005: 929: 855: 713:Naval Intelligence 682: 676:Scott pictured by 626: 575: 500: 428:Early naval career 387: 35: 8011:English explorers 7946: 7945: 7942: 7941: 7938: 7937: 7400:Operation Tabarin 7262:Far Eastern Party 7108:Nimrod Expedition 6619: 6618: 6615: 6614: 6178:M. Pronchishcheva 6100:Siberian Cossacks 5569:Northwest Passage 4902:Research stations 4859:Polar exploration 4825: 4824: 4784:Ernest Shackleton 4712:Research stations 4657:Antarctic English 4626:National programs 4621:Military activity 4595:COVID-19 pandemic 4552: 4551: 4421:Floristic Kingdom 4326:Antarctic sea ice 4265:Project Gutenberg 4135:"Crucible of Ice" 3999:. London: Nelson. 3628:, pp. 72–90. 3307:. 11 October 2021 2641:, pp. 30–71. 2406:, pp. 52–53. 2238:, pp. 83–84. 2163:, pp. 67–68. 2151:, pp. 78–79. 2091:, pp. 60–67. 1936:, pp. 28–29. 1852:, pp. 39–40. 1743:, pp. 14–15. 1611:The Birthday Boys 1594:, a 1977 play by 1535:The Coldest March 1323:, founder of the 1143:Beardmore Glacier 969:Beardmore Glacier 861:fame had entered 773:Ernest Shackleton 732:Amélie of Orléans 630:Ernest Shackleton 573:, 2 November 1902 325:Antarctic Plateau 287: 286: 26: 16:(Redirected from 8073: 7447:Ronne Expedition 6932: 6926: 6790:Dumont d'Urville 6638: 6637: 6625: 6624: 6173:V. Pronchishchev 4880: 4879: 4867: 4866: 4852: 4845: 4838: 4829: 4828: 4810: 4809: 4800: 4799: 4774:James Clark Ross 4746:Famous explorers 4560: 4379: 4378: 4303: 4296: 4289: 4280: 4279: 4274:Internet Archive 4257: 4243: 4242: 4228: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4186: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4121: 4099: 4087: 4076: 4057: 4033: 4019: 4000: 3991: 3969: 3950: 3941: 3917: 3906: 3889: 3872: 3842: 3830: 3816: 3813:South with Scott 3804: 3778: 3754: 3735: 3703: 3702: 3701:. 17 April 1994. 3691: 3685: 3684: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3638:Biggs, Octavia. 3635: 3629: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3593: 3587: 3581: 3575: 3569: 3563: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3516: 3510: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3477: 3471: 3465: 3459: 3453: 3447: 3441: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3413: 3407: 3401: 3400:, preface, xiii. 3395: 3389: 3383: 3377: 3376: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3342: 3341: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3254: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3230: 3224: 3218: 3217: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3131: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3094: 3076: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3041:Flood, Alisonn. 3038: 3032: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3013: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2923: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2890: 2887: 2881: 2880:, pp. 1–19. 2875: 2869: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2845: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2797: 2794: 2788: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2764: 2758: 2752: 2746: 2740: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2716: 2708: 2702: 2694: 2688: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2648: 2642: 2636: 2630: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2599: 2593: 2587: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2562: 2556: 2552:RF Scott (1908) 2550: 2544: 2538: 2527: 2521: 2515: 2509: 2503: 2497: 2491: 2485: 2479: 2473: 2467: 2461: 2455: 2449: 2443: 2437: 2431: 2428:Riffenburgh 2005 2425: 2419: 2413: 2407: 2401: 2395: 2389: 2383: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2346:Evening Standard 2337: 2331: 2328:Riffenburgh 2005 2325: 2319: 2313: 2304: 2298: 2292: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2245: 2239: 2233: 2227: 2221: 2215: 2209: 2200: 2194: 2188: 2182: 2176: 2170: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2134: 2128: 2122: 2116: 2110: 2104: 2098: 2092: 2086: 2080: 2079: 2039: 2033: 2027: 2021: 2015: 2009: 2002: 1996: 1990: 1984: 1983: 1970: 1964: 1963: 1955: 1949: 1943: 1937: 1931: 1925: 1919: 1913: 1907: 1901: 1895: 1889: 1883: 1877: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1847: 1841: 1835: 1829: 1823: 1817: 1811: 1805: 1799: 1793: 1787: 1781: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1762: 1756: 1750: 1744: 1738: 1732: 1726: 1717: 1711: 1700: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1684: 1678: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1659: 1606:Beryl Bainbridge 1563: 1562: 1558: 1555: 1533:'s 2001 account 1515:Francis Spufford 1447:Modern reactions 1441:Exeter Cathedral 1425:Museum of Oxford 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1334:Scott statue at 1319:on 14 February. 1282:Observation Hill 1237:Observation Hill 1188:Sir Edgar Speyer 1003:, 7 October 1911 964:Reginald Skelton 883:Aleister Crowley 793: 781: 515:Channel Squadron 460:Clements Markham 409:in Hampshire, a 358:Clements Markham 297: 283: 259: 257: 126: 123:c. 29 March 1912 105: 103: 88: 74: 73: 21: 8081: 8080: 8076: 8075: 8074: 8072: 8071: 8070: 7951: 7950: 7947: 7934: 7609: 7601: 7477:McMurdo Station 7346:Modern research 7344: 7332: 7067:O. Nordenskjöld 6930: 6924: 6919: 6835:Ross expedition 6659: 6632: 6611: 6040: 6032: 5573:Northern Canada 5571: 5563: 5416: 5408: 4914: 4906: 4874: 4861: 4856: 4826: 4821: 4788: 4758:Richard E. Byrd 4741: 4702:Protected areas 4640: 4604: 4561: 4548: 4505: 4459:Bodies of Water 4454: 4443:West Antarctica 4399:East Antarctica 4377: 4312: 4307: 4240: 4214: 4201: 4199: 4143: 4141: 4129: 4124: 4118: 4096: 4073: 4046: 4016: 3988: 3974:Riffenburgh, B. 3966: 3930: 3861: 3839: 3801: 3775: 3751: 3732: 3712: 3707: 3706: 3693: 3692: 3688: 3678: 3664: 3660: 3650: 3648: 3636: 3632: 3624: 3620: 3612: 3608: 3600: 3596: 3588: 3584: 3576: 3572: 3564: 3560: 3554:Barczewski 2007 3552: 3548: 3540: 3536: 3530:Barczewski 2007 3528: 3519: 3513:Barczewski 2007 3511: 3504: 3498:Barczewski 2007 3496: 3492: 3484: 3480: 3472: 3468: 3460: 3456: 3448: 3444: 3432: 3428: 3420: 3416: 3408: 3404: 3396: 3392: 3384: 3380: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3354: 3345: 3338: 3324: 3320: 3310: 3308: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3284: 3282: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3261: 3257: 3249: 3245: 3237: 3233: 3225: 3221: 3210: 3206: 3198: 3194: 3186: 3182: 3174: 3170: 3162: 3158: 3150: 3146: 3138: 3134: 3126: 3122: 3118:, pp. 1–2. 3114: 3110: 3102: 3098: 3091: 3077: 3073: 3065: 3061: 3051: 3049: 3039: 3035: 3025: 3023: 3015: 3014: 3010: 3002: 2998: 2990: 2986: 2978: 2974: 2966: 2962: 2954: 2950: 2942: 2938: 2930: 2926: 2921: 2917: 2909: 2905: 2897: 2893: 2888: 2884: 2876: 2872: 2864: 2860: 2852: 2848: 2840: 2836: 2828: 2824: 2816: 2812: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2783: 2779: 2771: 2767: 2759: 2755: 2747: 2743: 2735: 2731: 2723: 2719: 2709: 2705: 2695: 2691: 2685: 2681: 2673: 2669: 2661: 2657: 2649: 2645: 2637: 2633: 2625: 2621: 2613: 2609: 2600: 2596: 2588: 2584: 2576: 2572: 2563: 2559: 2551: 2547: 2539: 2530: 2522: 2518: 2510: 2506: 2498: 2494: 2486: 2482: 2474: 2470: 2462: 2458: 2450: 2446: 2438: 2434: 2426: 2422: 2414: 2410: 2404:Barczewski 2007 2402: 2398: 2390: 2386: 2376: 2374: 2364: 2360: 2350: 2348: 2338: 2334: 2326: 2322: 2314: 2307: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2286: 2278: 2274: 2266: 2262: 2246: 2242: 2234: 2230: 2222: 2218: 2210: 2203: 2195: 2191: 2183: 2179: 2171: 2167: 2159: 2155: 2147: 2143: 2135: 2131: 2123: 2119: 2111: 2107: 2099: 2095: 2087: 2083: 2040: 2036: 2028: 2024: 2016: 2012: 2003: 1999: 1991: 1987: 1971: 1967: 1957: 1956: 1952: 1944: 1940: 1932: 1928: 1920: 1916: 1908: 1904: 1896: 1892: 1884: 1880: 1872: 1868: 1860: 1856: 1848: 1844: 1836: 1832: 1824: 1820: 1812: 1808: 1800: 1796: 1788: 1784: 1774: 1772: 1764: 1763: 1759: 1751: 1747: 1739: 1735: 1727: 1720: 1712: 1703: 1693: 1691: 1686: 1685: 1681: 1671: 1669: 1661: 1660: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1620: 1570:Daily Telegraph 1560: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1506:Roland Huntford 1461: 1455: 1449: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1299: 1294: 1130: 1073: 989: 943:from its ship, 934:Second Sea Lord 921: 916: 910: 847: 839:Fridtjof Nansen 834:Ranulph Fiennes 811:Edward Stanford 809:bookshop owner 791: 779: 769: 694:Balmoral Castle 670: 665: 650:Albert Armitage 593:King Edward VII 553: 547: 478:Roland Huntford 430: 379: 374: 293: 270:Sir Peter Scott 261: 258: 1908) 253: 249: 236: 195: 128: 124: 107: 101: 99: 91: 79: 70: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 18:Robert F. Scott 15: 12: 11: 5: 8079: 8069: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7944: 7943: 7940: 7939: 7936: 7935: 7933: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7916: 7915: 7910: 7898: 7897: 7896: 7894:Vostok Station 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7848: 7847: 7845:Cherry-Garrard 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7810: 7809: 7808: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7762: 7761: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7738: 7737: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7709: 7708: 7707: 7695: 7694: 7693: 7685:Southern Cross 7681: 7680: 7679: 7666: 7665: 7664: 7651: 7646: 7645: 7644: 7631: 7630: 7629: 7615: 7613: 7607:Farthest South 7603: 7602: 7600: 7599: 7594: 7587: 7586: 7585: 7580: 7568: 7561: 7560: 7559: 7558: 7557: 7545: 7544: 7543: 7531: 7530: 7529: 7522: 7517: 7498: 7497: 7496: 7491: 7479: 7474: 7467: 7466: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7443: 7442: 7441: 7429: 7422: 7417: 7410: 7409: 7408: 7396: 7395: 7394: 7382: 7381: 7380: 7368: 7361: 7356: 7350: 7348: 7334: 7333: 7331: 7330: 7329: 7328: 7314: 7313: 7312: 7304:Ross Sea party 7300: 7291: 7290: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7265: 7258: 7257: 7256: 7251: 7236: 7231: 7230: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7190: 7189: 7188: 7181: 7174: 7169: 7155: 7154: 7153: 7141: 7140: 7139: 7134: 7120: 7119: 7118: 7104: 7097: 7096: 7095: 7088: 7076: 7075: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7050: 7049: 7048: 7043: 7029: 7028: 7027: 7022: 7008: 7007: 7006: 7001: 6998:Southern Cross 6991:Southern Cross 6987: 6986: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6935: 6933: 6921: 6920: 6918: 6917: 6916: 6915: 6903: 6902: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6876: 6871: 6870: 6869: 6856: 6850: 6831: 6830: 6829: 6816: 6815: 6814: 6809: 6794: 6793: 6792: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6754: 6753: 6741: 6740: 6739: 6737:Bellingshausen 6727: 6720: 6715: 6714: 6713: 6700: 6699: 6698: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6669: 6667: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6634: 6633: 6621: 6620: 6617: 6616: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6609: 6608: 6607: 6596: 6584: 6579: 6572: 6565: 6564: 6563: 6551: 6550: 6549: 6537: 6536: 6535: 6523: 6522: 6521: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6498: 6497: 6485: 6484: 6483: 6469: 6468: 6467: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6434: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6404: 6403: 6402: 6397: 6385: 6380: 6379: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6349: 6348: 6347: 6333: 6332: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6303: 6302: 6301: 6296: 6281: 6280: 6279: 6274: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6196: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6046: 6044: 6042:Russian Arctic 6034: 6033: 6031: 6030: 6025: 6024: 6023: 6009: 6008: 6007: 6002: 5988: 5983: 5982: 5981: 5967: 5966: 5965: 5953: 5952: 5951: 5938: 5937: 5936: 5924: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5902: 5901: 5900: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5872: 5871: 5866: 5858: 5853: 5838: 5833: 5832: 5831: 5826: 5814: 5809: 5808: 5807: 5799: 5784: 5783: 5782: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5731: 5730: 5717: 5716: 5715: 5702: 5701: 5700: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5671: 5670: 5657: 5656: 5655: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5631: 5630: 5625: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5577: 5575: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5550: 5549: 5544: 5532: 5527: 5526: 5525: 5513: 5512: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5484: 5479: 5477:Snæbjörn galti 5474: 5469: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5440: 5433: 5428: 5422: 5420: 5410: 5409: 5407: 5406: 5405: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5379: 5372: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5344: 5334: 5333: 5332: 5327: 5313: 5306: 5299: 5298: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5270: 5263: 5262: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5239: 5238: 5237: 5223: 5214: 5213: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5167: 5166: 5161: 5146: 5141: 5140: 5139: 5127: 5126: 5125: 5113: 5112: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5078: 5077: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5054: 5053: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5034: 5029: 5014: 5013: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4985: 4984: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4920: 4918: 4912:Farthest North 4908: 4907: 4905: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4876: 4875: 4863: 4862: 4855: 4854: 4847: 4840: 4832: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4819: 4814: 4804: 4793: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4768:Ui-te-Rangiora 4765: 4763:Douglas Mawson 4760: 4755: 4753:Roald Amundsen 4749: 4747: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4692:Gateway cities 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4652:Antarctica Day 4648: 4646: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4612: 4610: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4571: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4546: 4545: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4524: 4522:Microorganisms 4519: 4513: 4511: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4486:List of rivers 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4462: 4460: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4452: 4451: 4450: 4440: 4439: 4438: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4416:Extreme points 4413: 4412: 4411: 4406: 4396: 4391: 4385: 4383: 4376: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4344: 4343: 4338: 4336:Climate change 4328: 4322: 4320: 4314: 4313: 4306: 4305: 4298: 4291: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4267: 4258: 4244: 4229: 4213: 4212:External links 4210: 4209: 4208: 4187: 4150: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4122: 4116: 4100: 4094: 4077: 4071: 4058: 4044: 4020: 4014: 4001: 3992: 3986: 3970: 3964: 3951: 3942: 3928: 3907: 3890: 3873: 3859: 3843: 3837: 3817: 3805: 3799: 3779: 3773: 3755: 3749: 3736: 3730: 3722:The South Pole 3713: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3699:New York Times 3686: 3676: 3658: 3630: 3618: 3606: 3594: 3582: 3580:, p. 373. 3570: 3558: 3556:, p. 306. 3546: 3534: 3517: 3515:, p. 283. 3502: 3500:, p. 260. 3490: 3478: 3466: 3454: 3452:, p. 527. 3442: 3426: 3424:, p. 233. 3414: 3402: 3390: 3378: 3360: 3343: 3336: 3318: 3292: 3267: 3255: 3243: 3231: 3229:, p. 525. 3219: 3204: 3202:, p. 232. 3192: 3190:, p. 523. 3180: 3178:, p. 383. 3168: 3166:, p. 231. 3156: 3154:, p. 204. 3144: 3132: 3130:, p. 230. 3120: 3108: 3106:, p. 398. 3096: 3090:978-0143116646 3089: 3071: 3059: 3033: 3008: 3006:, p. 509. 2996: 2994:, p. 126. 2984: 2982:, p. 596. 2972: 2960: 2948: 2946:, p. 595. 2936: 2934:, p. 594. 2924: 2915: 2913:, p. 592. 2903: 2891: 2882: 2870: 2858: 2846: 2834: 2822: 2820:, p. 560. 2810: 2808:, p. 551. 2798: 2789: 2777: 2775:, p. 528. 2765: 2763:, p. 424. 2753: 2741: 2739:, p. 407. 2729: 2727:, p. 369. 2717: 2703: 2689: 2679: 2667: 2665:, p. 466. 2655: 2643: 2631: 2619: 2617:, p. 112. 2607: 2594: 2582: 2580:, p. 107. 2570: 2557: 2545: 2528: 2526:, p. 161. 2516: 2504: 2502:, p. 387. 2492: 2480: 2468: 2466:, p. 350. 2456: 2444: 2442:, p. 344. 2432: 2430:, p. 118. 2420: 2408: 2396: 2384: 2358: 2332: 2320: 2318:, p. 335. 2305: 2293: 2284: 2282:, p. 334. 2272: 2260: 2240: 2228: 2226:, p. 309. 2216: 2214:, p. 113. 2201: 2189: 2187:, p. 310. 2177: 2165: 2153: 2141: 2129: 2117: 2115:, p. 148. 2105: 2103:, p. 270. 2093: 2081: 2034: 2022: 2010: 1997: 1985: 1965: 1950: 1938: 1926: 1914: 1902: 1890: 1878: 1866: 1854: 1842: 1830: 1818: 1806: 1794: 1782: 1757: 1745: 1733: 1718: 1701: 1679: 1650: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1619: 1616: 1608:'s 1991 novel 1548:British Empire 1491:Reginald Pound 1451:Main article: 1448: 1445: 1401:Kathleen Scott 1360:An article in 1340:Kathleen Scott 1338:, sculpted by 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1284:, overlooking 1196:George Egerton 1147:Ross Ice Shelf 1129: 1126: 1113:William Lashly 1072: 1069: 1041:Lawrence Oates 988: 985: 920: 917: 912:Main article: 909: 903: 887:Gilbert Cannan 875:Isadora Duncan 867:Kathleen Bruce 846: 843: 768: 765: 669: 666: 664: 661: 549:Main article: 546: 540: 511:Shepton Mallet 429: 426: 378: 375: 373: 370: 285: 284: 277: 273: 272: 267: 263: 262: 251: 247:Kathleen Bruce 245: 244: 242: 238: 237: 235: 234: 228: 222: 216: 213:Patron's Medal 210: 203: 201: 197: 196: 194: 193: 185: 176: 174: 170: 169: 164: 160: 159: 156: 152: 151: 146: 142: 141: 140:United Kingdom 138: 134: 133: 130:Ross Ice Shelf 127:(aged 43) 121: 117: 116: 97: 93: 92: 89: 81: 80: 77: 58: 47:26 August 2024 36: 30: 27: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8078: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7949: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7905: 7904: 7903: 7899: 7895: 7892: 7891: 7890: 7889: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7817: 7816: 7815: 7811: 7807: 7806: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7774: 7770: 7769: 7768: 7767: 7763: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7745: 7744: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7716: 7715: 7714: 7710: 7706: 7703: 7702: 7701: 7700: 7696: 7692: 7689: 7688: 7687: 7686: 7682: 7678: 7675: 7674: 7673: 7672: 7667: 7663: 7660: 7659: 7658: 7657: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7643: 7640: 7639: 7638: 7637: 7632: 7628: 7625: 7624: 7623: 7622: 7617: 7616: 7614: 7612: 7608: 7604: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7575: 7574: 7573: 7569: 7567: 7566: 7562: 7556: 7553: 7552: 7551: 7550: 7546: 7542: 7539: 7538: 7537: 7536: 7532: 7528: 7527: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7512: 7511: 7510: 7506: 7505: 7504: 7503: 7499: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7485: 7484: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7450: 7449: 7448: 7444: 7440: 7437: 7436: 7435: 7434: 7430: 7428: 7427: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7415: 7411: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7402: 7401: 7397: 7393: 7390: 7389: 7388: 7387: 7383: 7379: 7376: 7375: 7374: 7373: 7369: 7367: 7366: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7351: 7349: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7335: 7327: 7326: 7322: 7321: 7320: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7308: 7307: 7306: 7305: 7301: 7299: 7298: 7297: 7292: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7277: 7273: 7272: 7271: 7270: 7266: 7264: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7249: 7244: 7243: 7242: 7241: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7202: 7198: 7197: 7196: 7195: 7191: 7187: 7186: 7182: 7180: 7179: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7167: 7163: 7162: 7161: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7149: 7148: 7147: 7146: 7142: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7132: 7128: 7127: 7126: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7116: 7112: 7111: 7110: 7109: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7093: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7083: 7082: 7081: 7077: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7062: 7058: 7057: 7056: 7055: 7051: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7041: 7037: 7036: 7035: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7025:Discovery Hut 7023: 7021: 7020: 7016: 7015: 7014: 7013: 7009: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6999: 6995: 6994: 6993: 6992: 6988: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6948: 6944: 6943: 6942: 6941: 6937: 6936: 6934: 6929: 6922: 6914: 6911: 6910: 6909: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6889: 6884: 6883: 6882: 6881: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6867: 6863: 6862: 6857: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6845: 6844: 6839: 6838: 6837: 6836: 6832: 6828: 6825: 6824: 6823: 6822: 6817: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6807: 6802: 6801: 6800: 6799: 6795: 6791: 6788: 6787: 6786: 6785: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6752: 6749: 6748: 6747: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6735: 6734: 6733: 6732: 6728: 6726: 6725: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6712: 6709: 6708: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6692: 6691: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6662: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6642: 6639: 6635: 6631: 6626: 6622: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6597: 6595: 6594: 6590: 6589: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6577: 6573: 6571: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6557: 6556: 6555:A. Sibiryakov 6552: 6548: 6545: 6544: 6543: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6528: 6527:Glavsevmorput 6524: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6515: 6514: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6491: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6477: 6476: 6475: 6470: 6466: 6463: 6462: 6461: 6460: 6459: 6453: 6452: 6451: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6416: 6412: 6411: 6410: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6392: 6391: 6390: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6358: 6357: 6356: 6355: 6350: 6346: 6343: 6342: 6341: 6340: 6339: 6334: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6319: 6314: 6313: 6312: 6311: 6309: 6304: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6291: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6282: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6269: 6268: 6267: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6145: 6144: 6143: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6101: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6084: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6052: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6029: 6026: 6022: 6019: 6018: 6017: 6016: 6015: 6010: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5997: 5996: 5995: 5994: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5980: 5977: 5976: 5975: 5974: 5973: 5968: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5959: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5947: 5946: 5945: 5944: 5939: 5935: 5932: 5931: 5930: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5915: 5910: 5909: 5908: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5896: 5895: 5894: 5893: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5864: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5851: 5846: 5845: 5844: 5843: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5830: 5829:J. Richardson 5827: 5825: 5822: 5821: 5820: 5819: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5806: 5805: 5800: 5798: 5797: 5792: 5791: 5790: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5778: 5777: 5776: 5775: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5747: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5724: 5723: 5718: 5714: 5711: 5710: 5709: 5708: 5703: 5699: 5696: 5695: 5694: 5693: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5669: 5666: 5665: 5664: 5663: 5658: 5654: 5651: 5650: 5649: 5648: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5620: 5619: 5618: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5591:M. Corte-Real 5589: 5587: 5586:G. Corte-Real 5584: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5539: 5538: 5537: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5524: 5521: 5520: 5519: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5509:C. Richardson 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5467: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5445: 5441: 5439: 5438: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5387: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5380: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5371: 5370: 5369: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5345: 5343: 5342: 5341: 5335: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5322: 5321: 5320: 5319: 5318:Georgiy Sedov 5314: 5312: 5311: 5307: 5305: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5277: 5276: 5275: 5271: 5269: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5246: 5245: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5233: 5232: 5231: 5230: 5229: 5224: 5222: 5221: 5220: 5215: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5205:Riiser-Larsen 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5187: 5186: 5185: 5184: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5155: 5154: 5153: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5133: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5119: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5089: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5079: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5060: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5040: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5027: 5022: 5021: 5020: 5019: 5015: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 5000: 4996: 4995: 4994: 4993: 4991: 4986: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4958: 4957: 4956: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4884: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4853: 4848: 4846: 4841: 4839: 4834: 4833: 4830: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4805: 4803: 4795: 4794: 4791: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4750: 4748: 4744: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4697:Midwinter Day 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4643: 4637: 4636:Treaty System 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4607: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4564: 4559: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4529: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4491:McMurdo Sound 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4457: 4449: 4446: 4445: 4444: 4441: 4437: 4434: 4433: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4401: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4380: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4333: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4304: 4299: 4297: 4292: 4290: 4285: 4284: 4281: 4275: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4245: 4237: 4233: 4230: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4216: 4215: 4197: 4193: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4151: 4140: 4136: 4131: 4130: 4119: 4117:9781921922725 4113: 4109: 4105: 4104:Turney, Chris 4101: 4097: 4095:9780713910346 4091: 4086: 4085: 4078: 4074: 4072:9780571179510 4068: 4064: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4045:9780300089677 4041: 4037: 4032: 4031: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4015:9788394452001 4011: 4007: 4002: 3998: 3993: 3989: 3987:9780747572534 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3965:9780094795303 3961: 3957: 3952: 3948: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3929:9780192804839 3925: 3921: 3916: 3915: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3860:9780330288163 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3838:9780340826973 3834: 3829: 3828: 3827:Captain Scott 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3800:9780007150687 3796: 3792: 3791:HarperCollins 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3774:9780140095012 3770: 3766: 3765: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3750:9781847251923 3746: 3742: 3737: 3733: 3731:9780903983471 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3714: 3700: 3696: 3690: 3683: 3679: 3677:9780199754724 3673: 3669: 3662: 3647: 3646: 3641: 3634: 3627: 3622: 3615: 3610: 3603: 3598: 3592:, p. 12. 3591: 3586: 3579: 3574: 3567: 3562: 3555: 3550: 3543: 3538: 3531: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3514: 3509: 3507: 3499: 3494: 3487: 3486:Spufford 1997 3482: 3475: 3474:Spufford 1997 3470: 3463: 3458: 3451: 3450:Huntford 1985 3446: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3423: 3418: 3411: 3406: 3399: 3394: 3387: 3382: 3374: 3370: 3364: 3357: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3339: 3337:9781529339000 3333: 3329: 3322: 3306: 3302: 3296: 3281: 3277: 3271: 3264: 3259: 3252: 3247: 3240: 3239:Amundsen 1976 3235: 3228: 3227:Huntford 1985 3223: 3216:. p. 10. 3215: 3208: 3201: 3196: 3189: 3188:Huntford 1985 3184: 3177: 3172: 3165: 3160: 3153: 3148: 3141: 3136: 3129: 3124: 3117: 3112: 3105: 3100: 3092: 3086: 3082: 3075: 3068: 3063: 3048: 3044: 3037: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3005: 3004:Huntford 1985 3000: 2993: 2988: 2981: 2976: 2969: 2964: 2957: 2952: 2945: 2940: 2933: 2928: 2919: 2912: 2907: 2900: 2895: 2886: 2879: 2874: 2867: 2862: 2855: 2850: 2843: 2838: 2831: 2826: 2819: 2814: 2807: 2802: 2793: 2786: 2781: 2774: 2769: 2762: 2757: 2750: 2745: 2738: 2733: 2726: 2721: 2714: 2713:Captain Scott 2707: 2700: 2699:Captain Scott 2693: 2683: 2676: 2671: 2664: 2659: 2652: 2647: 2640: 2635: 2628: 2623: 2616: 2611: 2604: 2598: 2591: 2586: 2579: 2574: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2542: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2525: 2520: 2513: 2508: 2501: 2496: 2489: 2484: 2477: 2472: 2465: 2460: 2454:, p. 94. 2453: 2448: 2441: 2436: 2429: 2424: 2417: 2412: 2405: 2400: 2393: 2388: 2373: 2369: 2362: 2347: 2343: 2336: 2329: 2324: 2317: 2312: 2310: 2303:, p. 87. 2302: 2297: 2288: 2281: 2276: 2270:, p. 86. 2269: 2264: 2256: 2255: 2250: 2244: 2237: 2232: 2225: 2220: 2213: 2208: 2206: 2198: 2193: 2186: 2181: 2174: 2169: 2162: 2157: 2150: 2145: 2138: 2133: 2126: 2125:Huntford 1985 2121: 2114: 2109: 2102: 2097: 2090: 2085: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2038: 2031: 2026: 2019: 2014: 2007: 2001: 1994: 1989: 1981: 1980: 1975: 1969: 1961: 1954: 1948:, p. 63. 1947: 1942: 1935: 1930: 1924:, p. 90. 1923: 1918: 1912:, p. 84. 1911: 1906: 1900:, p. 59. 1899: 1894: 1888:, p. 23. 1887: 1882: 1876:, p. 22. 1875: 1870: 1864:, p. 21. 1863: 1858: 1851: 1846: 1839: 1838:Huntford 1985 1834: 1828:, p. 50. 1827: 1822: 1816:, p. 34. 1815: 1810: 1804:, p. 23. 1803: 1798: 1792:, p. 17. 1791: 1786: 1771: 1767: 1761: 1755:, p. 22. 1754: 1749: 1742: 1737: 1730: 1725: 1723: 1716:, p. 82. 1715: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1689: 1683: 1668: 1664: 1658: 1656: 1651: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1615: 1613: 1612: 1607: 1603: 1602: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1584: 1581: 1577: 1572: 1571: 1565: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1531:Susan Solomon 1527: 1525: 1520: 1516: 1511: 1507: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1495:David Thomson 1492: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1478: 1470: 1469:Binton Church 1465: 1460: 1454: 1444: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1367: 1365: 1364: 1358: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1341: 1337: 1332: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1318: 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A. Larsen 7060: 7052: 7038: 7031: 7018: 7010: 7004:Borchgrevink 6997: 6989: 6946: 6938: 6913:C. A. Larsen 6906: 6887: 6878: 6860: 6842: 6833: 6820: 6805: 6796: 6783: 6744: 6730: 6723: 6704: 6689: 6599: 6592: 6575: 6568: 6554: 6539: 6525: 6512: 6487: 6473: 6471: 6457: 6455: 6449: 6447: 6413: 6406: 6387: 6353: 6351: 6337: 6335: 6317: 6307: 6305: 6285: 6283: 6264: 6140: 6098: 6081: 6049: 6013: 6011: 5991: 5990: 5970: 5969: 5955: 5942: 5927: 5913: 5904: 5891: 5862: 5850:Investigator 5849: 5840: 5816: 5803: 5795: 5786: 5773: 5744: 5721: 5706: 5691: 5661: 5646: 5616: 5535: 5515: 5486: 5482:Erik the Red 5464: 5442: 5435: 5392:submersibles 5389: 5383:Arktika 2007 5381: 5374: 5367: 5364: 5348: 5339: 5336: 5317: 5315: 5308: 5301: 5272: 5265: 5241: 5227: 5226: 5218: 5216: 5182: 5180: 5151: 5148: 5137:S. A. Andrée 5129: 5116: 5091: 5083: 5080: 5056: 5038: 5025: 5016: 4998: 4989: 4987: 4953: 4778: 4682:Firefighting 4667:Demographics 4590:Colonization 4585:World War II 4251:Open Library 4200:. Retrieved 4195: 4161:(1): 72–90. 4158: 4155:Polar Record 4154: 4142:. Retrieved 4138: 4107: 4083: 4062: 4029: 4005: 3996: 3977: 3955: 3946: 3913: 3894: 3877: 3850: 3847:Huntford, R. 3826: 3812: 3786: 3763: 3740: 3721: 3718:Amundsen, R. 3710:Bibliography 3698: 3689: 3681: 3667: 3661: 3649:. Retrieved 3643: 3640:"Terra Nova" 3633: 3621: 3609: 3597: 3585: 3573: 3566:Solomon 2001 3561: 3549: 3542:Solomon 2001 3537: 3493: 3481: 3476:, p. 5. 3469: 3464:, p. 8. 3457: 3445: 3437: 3434:Fiennes 2003 3429: 3422:Thomson 1977 3417: 3410:Thomson 1977 3405: 3398:Thomson 1977 3393: 3381: 3372: 3363: 3327: 3321: 3309:. Retrieved 3304: 3295: 3283:. Retrieved 3279: 3270: 3258: 3246: 3234: 3222: 3213: 3207: 3200:Preston 1999 3195: 3183: 3176:Fiennes 2003 3171: 3164:Preston 1999 3159: 3147: 3135: 3128:Preston 1999 3123: 3111: 3104:Huxley 1913b 3099: 3080: 3074: 3067:Huxley 1913b 3062: 3050:. Retrieved 3047:The Guardian 3046: 3036: 3024:. 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Retrieved 1666: 1609: 1599: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1579: 1575: 1568: 1566: 1540: 1534: 1528: 1519:Paul Theroux 1509: 1503: 1498: 1488: 1480: 1477:World War II 1474: 1405: 1368: 1361: 1359: 1347:polar medals 1344: 1310: 1302: 1300: 1276: 1267: 1265: 1260:Glossopteris 1258: 1248: 1245:Tryggve Gran 1242: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1192: 1185: 1159: 1153: 1151: 1139: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1065:Cape Crozier 1058: 1051: 1037: 1027: 1025: 1020: 1008: 1006: 987:First season 976:Cecil Meares 973: 961: 954: 951: 945: 938: 930: 905: 858: 856: 831: 826: 817: 815: 804: 788: 776: 770: 760:Commonwealth 759: 752: 745: 726: 721:flag-captain 708: 706: 684: 683: 668:Popular hero 654: 644: 642: 627: 618: 605: 596: 587: 578: 576: 568: 542: 534: 530: 520: 505: 501: 496:John Thomson 483: 475: 469: 464: 454: 439: 433: 431: 416: 404: 388: 366: 353: 351: 346:Glossopteris 344: 322: 320:of 1910–13. 315: 308: 290: 288: 233: (1913) 227: (1906) 225:Cullum Medal 221: (1905) 215: (1904) 209: (1901) 188: 180: 132:, Antarctica 125:(1912-03-29) 71: 64: 46: 37:This is the 31: 7971:1912 deaths 7966:1868 births 7591:Lake Vostok 7541:Tryoshnikov 7463:Schlossbach 7354:Christensen 7296:James Caird 7217:E. R. Evans 6983:Dobrowolski 6953:de Gerlache 6655:Expeditions 6541:Aviaarktika 6495:Samoylovich 6366:Kolomeitsev 6260:Middendorff 6220:Gedenshtrom 5640:I. Fyodorov 5402:Chilingarov 5290:E. Fyodorov 4897:Expeditions 4770:(legendary) 4677:Field camps 4575:Expeditions 4501:Weddell Sea 4481:Lake Vostok 4476:Lake Mercer 4348:Ice shelves 4084:Scott's Men 4024:Solomon, S. 3821:Fiennes, R. 3651:24 November 3285:10 December 3052:15 December 2249:"No. 27729" 1974:"No. 27346" 1543:David Crane 1499:Scott's Men 1297:Recognition 1109:Teddy Evans 997:Scott's Hut 974:Dog expert 919:Preparation 696:, and King 449:West Indies 231:Polar Medal 173:Expeditions 106:6 June 1868 7955:Categories 7814:Terra Nova 7719:Shackleton 7662:J. C. Ross 7621:Resolution 7611:South Pole 7386:New Swabia 7310:Mackintosh 7282:Shackleton 7201:Terra Nova 7194:Terra Nova 6928:Heroic Age 6888:Challenger 6848:J. C. Ross 6758:Bransfield 6690:Resolution 6605:icebreaker 6569:Chelyuskin 6310:expedition 6288:Expedition 6230:Matyushkin 6188:Kh. Laptev 6183:Chelyuskin 6077:Heemskerck 6067:Chancellor 6062:Willoughby 6057:Koch boats 6000:Stefansson 5934:McClintock 5898:Inglefield 5740:J. C. Ross 5647:Resolution 5499:Cunningham 5397:Sagalevich 5086:expedition 5045:Stephenson 5005:C. F. Hall 4992:expedition 4966:J. C. Ross 4929:Heemskerck 4916:North Pole 4580:Heroic Age 4431:South Pole 4341:Heat waves 4310:Antarctica 4202:14 October 4144:14 October 4034:. London: 3789:. London: 3590:Crane 2005 3578:Crane 2005 3462:Jones 2003 3386:Pound 1966 3356:Jones 2003 3311:5 November 3263:Jones 2003 3251:Jones 2003 3152:Jones 2003 3140:Jones 2003 3116:Crane 2005 2992:Jones 2003 2749:Evans 1949 2663:Crane 2005 2627:Crane 2005 2590:Crane 2005 2541:Crane 2005 2500:Crane 2005 2488:Crane 2005 2476:Crane 2005 2464:Crane 2005 2440:Crane 2005 2392:Crane 2005 2377:18 October 2351:18 October 2316:Crane 2005 2280:Crane 2005 2224:Crane 2005 2197:Crane 2005 2185:Crane 2005 2173:Crane 2005 2137:Crane 2005 2101:Crane 2005 2030:Crane 2005 2018:Scott 1905 1993:Scott 1905 1946:Crane 2005 1922:Crane 2005 1910:Crane 2005 1898:Crane 2005 1850:Crane 2005 1826:Crane 2005 1814:Crane 2005 1802:Crane 2005 1753:Crane 2005 1741:Crane 2005 1714:Crane 2005 1694:11 October 1641:References 1592:Terra Nova 1538:bungler". 1303:Terra Nova 1292:Reputation 1268:Terra Nova 1225:R. SCOTT. 1154:Terra Nova 1128:Last march 1052:Terra Nova 1028:Terra Nova 1009:Terra Nova 1001:Cape Evans 957:expedition 946:Terra Nova 941:expedition 939:Terra Nova 906:Terra Nova 823:Cape Royds 727:Victorious 698:Edward VII 657:Expedition 571:expedition 560:Shackleton 372:Early life 329:South Pole 318:expedition 316:Terra Nova 311:expedition 300:Royal Navy 219:Vega Medal 191:expedition 189:Terra Nova 183:expedition 149:Royal Navy 137:Allegiance 102:1868-06-06 7913:Tolstikov 7699:Discovery 7669:HMS 7654:HMS 7636:Adventure 7634:HMS 7619:HMS 7555:Tolstikov 7276:Endurance 7061:Antarctic 7046:Drygalski 7019:Discovery 7012:Discovery 6973:Arctowski 6886:HMS 6859:HMS 6853:Abernethy 6841:HMS 6819:USS 6806:Vincennes 6804:USS 6784:Astrolabe 6724:San Telmo 6705:Adventure 6703:HMS 6688:HMS 6683:Kerguelen 6645:Continent 6630:Antarctic 6507:Urvantsev 6465:Vilkitsky 6318:Jeannette 6316:USS 6308:Jeannette 6272:Weyprecht 6250:Pakhtusov 6200:Chichagov 6193:D. Laptev 6136:Permyakov 6111:Stadukhin 6106:Perfilyev 6083:Mangazeya 6021:H. Larsen 5986:Rasmussen 5941:HMS 5912:USS 5861:HMS 5848:HMS 5812:Collinson 5802:HMS 5794:HMS 5772:HMS 5720:HMS 5705:HMS 5690:HMS 5675:Mackenzie 5662:Discovery 5660:HMS 5645:HMS 5617:Discovery 5596:Frobisher 5559:Rasmussen 5472:Gunnbjörn 5418:Greenland 5347:USS 5338:USS 5210:Ellsworth 5152:Roosevelt 5082:Nansen's 5039:Discovery 5037:HMS 5024:HMS 4971:Abernethy 4939:Marmaduke 4732:Transport 4471:Lake CECs 4448:ice sheet 4404:ice sheet 4373:Volcanoes 4363:Mountains 4318:Geography 4183:145297104 3783:Crane, D. 3720:(1976) . 3614:Dore 2006 3602:Rees 2004 3214:The Times 2076:202357562 2068:0305-7488 2054:: 19–28. 1960:The Times 1672:8 January 1646:Footnotes 1596:Ted Tally 1580:Discovery 1489:In 1966, 1429:marmalade 1412:Cambridge 1363:The Times 1286:Hut Point 1162:Hut Point 1117:Tom Crean 1017:Melbourne 955:Discovery 863:Edwardian 859:Discovery 827:Discovery 818:Discovery 807:Stanfords 789:Discovery 777:Discovery 758:HMS 753:Albemarle 751:HMS 746:Albemarle 744:HMS 725:HMS 717:Admiralty 685:Discovery 645:Discovery 623:Hut Point 619:Discovery 597:Discovery 588:Discovery 579:Discovery 569:Discovery 543:Discovery 535:Discovery 519:HMS 517:flagship 504:HMS 498:, c. 1900 482:HMS 468:HMS 453:HMS 438:HMS 434:Britannia 422:Dartmouth 417:Britannia 415:HMS 395:Devonport 354:Discovery 337:Hut Point 309:Discovery 304:Antarctic 276:Signature 241:Spouse(s) 181:Discovery 158:1881–1912 115:, England 7925:A. Fuchs 7882:V. Fuchs 7862:McKinley 7825:E. Evans 7784:Bjaaland 7779:Amundsen 7729:Marshall 7642:Furneaux 7494:V. Fuchs 7458:E. Ronne 7453:F. Ronne 7392:Ritscher 7246:SY 7234:Filchner 7178:Framheim 7172:Amundsen 6978:Racoviță 6963:Amundsen 6958:Lecointe 6827:Ringgold 6821:Porpoise 6711:Furneaux 6547:Shevelev 6502:Begichev 6481:Amundsen 6443:Nagórski 6421:Brusilov 6415:Sv. Anna 6329:Melville 6299:Palander 6255:Tsivolko 6215:Sannikov 6210:Billings 6153:Chirikov 6072:Barentsz 6014:St. Roch 6005:Bartlett 5979:Amundsen 5963:Sverdrup 5863:Resolute 5752:Franklin 5680:Kotzebue 5547:Sverdrup 5530:Scoresby 5504:Lindenov 5355:Plaisted 5340:Nautilus 5285:Shirshov 5259:Belyakov 5254:Baydukov 5228:Nautilus 5190:Amundsen 5150:SS 5109:Sverdrup 5104:Johansen 5074:Brainard 5069:Lockwood 4924:Barentsz 4802:Category 4707:Religion 4609:Politics 4527:Wildlife 4496:Ross Sea 4358:Glaciers 4236:LibriVox 4198:. London 4106:(2012). 4054:45661501 4026:(2001). 3976:(2005). 3938:59303598 3869:12976972 3849:(1985). 3823:(2003). 3811:(1949). 3785:(2005). 3761:(1970). 3626:May 2013 3305:BBC News 2878:May 2013 1729:May 2013 1618:See also 1541:In 2005 1305:reached 1272:Tennyson 1105:E. Evans 1088:Atkinson 1032:pack ice 845:Marriage 800:Ross Sea 521:Majestic 445:St Kitts 440:Boadicea 399:Plymouth 289:Captain 266:Children 109:Plymouth 43:reviewed 7930:Messner 7877:Hillary 7857:Balchen 7805:Polheim 7799:Wisting 7677:Crozier 7649:Weddell 7627:J. Cook 7597:Kapitsa 7578:Fiennes 7520:Klenova 7489:Hillary 7439:Ketchum 7365:BANZARE 7340:· 7185:Polheim 7151:Shirase 7137:Charcot 6947:Belgica 6866:Crozier 6778:Morrell 6773:Weddell 6751:Lazarev 6696:J. Cook 6650:History 6600:Arktika 6576:Krassin 6561:Voronin 6533:Schmidt 6519:Ushakov 6458:Vaygach 6426:Albanov 6395:Rusanov 6376:Kolchak 6371:Matisen 6345:Makarov 6324:De Long 6225:Wrangel 6205:Lyakhov 6158:Malygin 6116:Dezhnev 5943:Pandora 5914:Advance 5881:Kennedy 5876:Belcher 5869:Kellett 5856:McClure 5780:Beechey 5774:Blossom 5767:Simpson 5735:Crozier 5728:Hoppner 5685:J. Ross 5653:J. Cook 5601:Gilbert 5494:J. Hall 5460:Ingólfr 5450:Naddodd 5444:Vikings 5431:Brendan 5426:Pytheas 5414:Iceland 5368:Arktika 5360:Herbert 5325:Badygin 5295:Krenkel 5280:Papanin 5249:Chkalov 5235:Wilkins 5200:Wisting 5144:F. Cook 5050:Markham 5010:Bessels 4999:Polaris 4990:Polaris 4961:J. Ross 4944:Carolus 4892:History 4812:Commons 4727:Tourism 4672:Economy 4645:Society 4567:History 4537:Mammals 4426:Islands 4382:Regions 4353:Geology 4331:Climate 4272:at the 4163:Bibcode 3903:1522514 3886:1522514 3026:25 June 2372:Express 1775:15 June 1559:⁄ 1375:£18,000 1371:£75,000 1277:Ulysses 1013:Cardiff 980:Siberia 715:at the 690:captain 621:hut at 484:Amphion 393:, near 341:fossils 260: 252: 167:Captain 7840:Bowers 7835:Wilson 7794:Hassel 7789:Helmer 7758:Mackay 7748:Mawson 7713:Nimrod 7671:Terror 7656:Erebus 7583:Burton 7378:Rymill 7254:Mawson 7248:Aurora 7227:Lashly 7212:Wilson 7115:Nimrod 7092:Scotia 6899:Murray 6874:Cooper 6861:Terror 6843:Erebus 6812:Wilkes 6763:Palmer 6731:Vostok 6678:Bouvet 6602:-class 6582:Gakkel 6450:Taymyr 6431:Konrad 6400:Kuchin 6338:Yermak 6245:Lavrov 6163:Ovtsyn 6148:Bering 6126:Ivanov 6089:Hudson 6051:Pomors 6028:Cowper 5993:Karluk 5892:Isabel 5886:Bellot 5836:Austin 5804:Terror 5796:Erebus 5692:Griper 5668:Clerke 5628:Baffin 5611:Hudson 5542:Nansen 5455:Garðar 5376:Barneo 5243:ANT-25 5219:Italia 5195:Nobile 5164:Henson 5123:Amedeo 5099:Nansen 5064:Greely 4934:Hudson 4872:Arctic 4409:shield 4368:Tundra 4181: 4127:Online 4114: 4092: 4069: 4052: 4042: 4012: 3984: 3962: 3936: 3926: 3901: 3884: 3867: 3857: 3835: 3797: 3771: 3747: 3728: 3674: 3334: 3087: 2074: 2066: 1387:£1,500 1383:£4,500 1379:£8,500 1307:Oamaru 1121:a tent 1097:Bowers 1093:Wilson 782:s old 680:, 1905 655:Nimrod 609:scurvy 564:Wilson 506:Vulcan 470:Vernon 377:Family 200:Awards 145:Branch 67:(film) 7920:Crary 7867:Dufek 7830:Oates 7820:Scott 7753:David 7734:Adams 7705:Barne 7526:Mirny 7515:Somov 7325:Quest 7222:Crean 7207:Scott 7086:Bruce 7040:Gauss 7033:Gauss 6907:Jason 6894:Nares 6768:Davis 6745:Mirny 6718:Smith 6673:Roché 6593:Lenin 6513:Sadko 6438:Wiese 6383:Sedov 6354:Zarya 6277:Payer 6240:Litke 6235:Anjou 6168:Minin 6131:Vagin 6121:Popov 6094:Poole 5949:Young 5762:Dease 5707:Hecla 5698:Parry 5623:Bylot 5606:Davis 5581:Cabot 5554:Peary 5536:Jason 5523:Egede 5437:Papar 5349:Skate 5330:Wiese 5310:NP-37 5303:NP-36 5183:Norge 5171:Sedov 5159:Peary 5117:Jason 5032:Nares 5026:Alert 4981:Hayes 4949:Parry 4887:Ocean 4817:Index 4737:Women 4687:Flags 4662:Crime 4600:Years 4542:Krill 4532:Birds 4517:Flora 4179:S2CID 2072:S2CID 1690:. 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