Presidency of Ronald Reagan

4714: 3580: 2143: 1046: 2257: 3361: 3221: 3967: 4010: 1137: 3779:(INF Treaty), which committed both signatories to the total abolition of their respective short-range and medium-range missile stockpiles. The agreement marked the first time that the United States and the Soviet Union had committed to the elimination of a type of nuclear weapon, though it provided for the dismantlement of only about one-twentieth of the worldwide nuclear weapon arsenal. The treaty also established an inspections regime designed to ensure that both parties honored the agreement. In addition to the INF Treaty, Reagan and Gorbachev discussed a potential strategic arms treaty, known as START, but SDI continued to be a major point of contention. In May 1988, the Senate voted 93-to-5 in favor of ratifying the INF Treaty. 954:. Meanwhile, it became socially acceptable for conservative Southern whites, especially well-educated suburbanites, to vote Republican. Though the civil rights legislation of the 1960s had been a triumphal issue for liberalism and had created a new, pro-Democratic black electorate, it had also destroyed the argument that whites had to vote Democratic to protect segregation in the South. Responding to these various trends, Reagan and other conservatives successfully presented conservative ideas as an alternative to a public that had grown disillusioned with New Deal liberalism and the Democratic Party. Reagan's charisma and speaking skills helped him frame conservatism as an optimistic, forward-looking vision for the country. 3472: 3783: 2321:(TEFRA). Many of Reagan's conservative supporters condemned TEFRA, but Reagan argued that his administration would be unable to win further budget cuts without the tax hike. Among other provisions, TEFRA doubled the federal cigarette tax and rescinded a portion of the corporate tax cuts from the 1981 tax bill. By 1983, the amount of federal tax had fallen for all or almost all American taxpayers, but most strongly affected the wealthy; the proportion of income paid in taxes by the richest one percent fell from 29.8 percent to 24.8 percent. Partly due to the poor economy, Reagan's legislative momentum dissipated after his first year in office, and his party lost several seats in the House in the 2906: 652: 12320: 184: 2747: 44: 12327: 148: 919: 3048:, which stated: "Nothing in this Constitution shall be construed to prohibit individual or group prayer in public schools or other public institutions. No person shall be required by the United States or by any state to participate in prayer." In 1984, he again raised the issue to Congress. In 1985, he expressed his disappointment that the Supreme Court ruling still banned a moment of silence for public schools, and said that efforts to reinstitute prayer in public schools were "an uphill battle". In 1987, he renewed his call for Congress to support voluntary prayer in schools. 4809: 3662:, released a report in February 1987 that confirmed that the administration had traded arms for hostages and sent the proceeds of the weapons sales to the Contras. The report laid most of the blame for the operation on North, Poindexter, and McFarlane, but it was also critical of Regan and other White House staffers. In response to the Tower Commission report, Reagan stated, "Its findings are honest, convincing and highly critical...As angry as I may be about activities undertaken without my knowledge, I am still accountable for those activities." The 3666:, as it became known, did serious damage to the Reagan presidency, raising questions about Reagan's competency and the wisdom of conservative policies. A poll taken in March 1987 showed that 85 percent of respondents believed that the Reagan administration had engaged in an organized cover-up, and half of the respondents believed that Reagan had been personally involved. The administration's credibility was also badly damaged on the international stage, as it had violated its own arms embargo on Iran. Congressional Democrats considered 4052: 3865:, Reagan's Director of Communications, argued that the president did not equate the SS members with the actual Holocaust, but as victims of the ideology of Nazism. Now strongly urged to cancel the visit, the president responded that it would be wrong to back down on a promise he had made to Chancellor Kohl. On May 5, 1985, President Reagan and Chancellor Kohl first visited the site of the former Nazi Bergen-Belsen concentration camp and then the Bitburg cemetery where, along with two military generals, they did place a wreath. 645: 3210: 2897:, Reagan said, "The legalization provisions in this act will go far to improve the lives of a class of individuals who now must hide in the shadows, without access to many of the benefits of a free and open society. Very soon many of these men and women will be able to step into the sunlight and, ultimately, if they choose, they may become Americans." The bill was largely unsuccessful at halting illegal immigration, and the population of illegal immigrants rose from 5 million in 1986 to 11.1 million in 2013. 658: 2922: 3689: 3874: 4905: 4933: 1030:. After Bush won the Iowa caucuses, he became Reagan's primary challenger, but Reagan won the New Hampshire primary and most of the following primaries, gaining an insurmountable delegate lead by the end of March 1980. Ford was Reagan's first choice for his running mate, but Reagan backed away from the idea out of the fear of a "co-presidency" in which Ford would exercise an unusual degree of power. Reagan instead chose Bush, and the Reagan-Bush ticket was nominated at the 2677:, which cut into federal revenue. Unable to win further domestic spending cuts, and pressured to address the deficit, Reagan was forced to raise taxes after 1981. Nonetheless, the national debt more than tripled between fiscal year 1980 and fiscal year 1989, going from $ 914 billion to $ 2.7 trillion, while national debt as a percentage of GDP rose from 33 percent in 1981 to 53 percent in 1989. Reagan never submitted a balanced budget during his time in office. 4698: 4350: 987: 4919: 13503: 12839: 4891: 3789: 3787: 3784: 13513: 3788: 1125: 4183:. She said that on her last day on the beat, Reagan spoke to her for a few moments and did not seem to know who she was before returning to his normal behavior. However, Reagan's primary physician, John Hutton, has said that Reagan "absolutely" did not "show any signs of dementia or Alzheimer's" during his presidency. His doctors have noted that he began exhibiting Alzheimer's symptoms only after he left the White House. 3786: 2999: 4860:

dedicated patriotism, and pragmatic compromising. Since he left office, historians have reached a consensus, as summarized by British historian M. J. Heale, who finds that scholars now concur that Reagan rehabilitated conservatism, turned the nation to the right, practiced a considerably pragmatic conservatism that balanced ideology and the constraints of politics, revived faith in the presidency and in

3740:, where they issued a joint statement indicating that neither the U.S. nor the Soviet Union would "seek to achieve military superiority." The two leaders began a private correspondence after the summit, and each became increasingly optimistic about arms control negotiations. Reagan's willingness to negotiate with the Soviets was opposed by many conservatives, including Weinberger; conservative columnist 4090:, aimed at moving individuals and institutions to sell their holdings in companies doing business in South Africa. By late 1985, facing escalating public and congressional opposition to his administration's tolerant attitude toward the South African government's policy of apartheid, Reagan made an "abrupt reversal" on the issue and proposed sanctions on the South African government, including an 2763:

while approximately 40 percent of the union members returned to work. Reagan's handling of the strike was strongly criticized by union leaders, but it won the approval of his conservative base of voters and others in the public. The breaking of the PATCO strike demoralized organized labor, and the number of strikes fell dramatically in the 1980s. Many of the strikes that did occur, including the

2713:. But Reagan himself never criticized Volcker. Volcker sought to fight inflation by pursuing a policy of "tight money" in which interest rates were set at a high level. High interest rates would restrict lending and investment, which would in turn lower inflation, raise unemployment and, at least in the short term, reduce economic growth. Unemployment reached a high of nearly 11% in 1982, 4075:" with the apartheid government of South Africa. In opposition to the condemnations issued by the U.S. Congress and public demands for diplomatic or economic sanctions, Reagan made relatively minor criticisms of the regime, which was otherwise internationally isolated, and the U.S. granted recognition to the government. South Africa's military was then engaged in an occupation of 4769:, Dukakis led the polls by seventeen points, but Bush, aided by the INF Treaty and the strong economy, closed the gap as the election neared. Democrats tried to link Bush to the Iran–Contra Scandal, but Bush claimed that he had not been involved. The GOP effectively cast Dukakis as "soft" on crime and foreign policy issues, seizing on Dukakis's pardon of 2345:. The act simplified the tax code by reducing the number of tax brackets to four and slashing a number of tax breaks. The top rate was dropped to 28%, but capital gains taxes were increased on those with the highest incomes from 20% to 28%. The increase of the lowest tax bracket from 11% to 15% was more than offset by expansion of the personal exemption, 2971:. Critics charged that Reagan's policies promoted significant racial disparities in the prison population, were ineffective in reducing the availability of drugs or crime on the street, and came at a great financial and human cost for American society. Supporters argued that the numbers for adolescent drug users declined during Reagan's years in office. 3643:, an aide on the National Security Council, the Reagan administration redirected the proceeds from the missile sales to the Contras. The transactions became public knowledge by early November 1986. Reagan initially denied any wrongdoing, but on November 25 he announced that Poindexter and North had left the administration and that he would form the 4665:

However, Senate Republicans faced a difficult map that year, as they had to defend 22 of the 34 seats up for election. Republican losses in the Senate were concentrated in the South and in the farm states. The Republican loss of the Senate precluded the possibility of further major conservative legislation during the Reagan administration.

4405:. Reagan's ability to perform the duties of president for another term was questioned by some observers, especially after a weak performance in the first presidential debate. His apparent confused and forgetful behavior was evident to his supporters; they had previously known him clever and witty. Rumors began to circulate that he had 10037: 2705:, a phenomenon in which both inflation and unemployment were high. The economy experienced a brief period of growth early in Reagan's first year in office, but plunged into a recession in July 1981. As the recession continued in the first two years of Reagan's presidency, many within Reagan's administration blamed the policies of 4172:, which he specifically avoided invoking. The surgery lasted just under three hours and was successful. Reagan resumed the powers of the presidency later that day. In August of that year, he underwent an operation to remove skin cancer cells from his nose. In October, more skin cancer cells were detected on his nose and removed. 3952:," which stated that the U.S. should intervene militarily as a last resort and should set clear and limited goals in such interventions. Though termed the Powell doctrine, the policy was originally developed by Secretary of Defense Weinberger, who was influenced not only by Lebanon but also by the experience of the Vietnam War. 2253:. Reagan relied on Laffer and other economists to argue that tax cuts would reduce inflation, which went against the prevailing Keynesian view. Supply-side advocates also asserted that cutting taxes would ultimately lead to higher government revenue due to economic growth, a proposition that was challenged by many economists. 2889:, required employers to attest to their employees' immigration status, and granted amnesty to approximately three million illegal immigrants who had entered the United States before January 1, 1982, and had lived in the country continuously. The bill was also contained provisions designed to enhance security measures at the 4394:

rights, and other issues, stating that the Reagan administration was "of the rich, by the rich, and for the rich." He also criticized the federal debt accumulated under Reagan, stating, "...The budget will be squeezed. Taxes will go up. And anyone who says they won't is not telling the truth to the American people."

4002:, resulting in the injury of 63 American military personnel and death of one serviceman. Stating that there was "irrefutable proof" that Libya had directed the "terrorist bombing," Reagan authorized the use of force against the country. In the late evening of April 15, 1986, the United States launched a series of 1956:, and CIA Director Casey had established themselves as the major figures in the formulation of the administration's foreign policy. Shultz eventually emerged as the administration's most influential foreign policy figure, moving the administration towards a less confrontational policy with the Soviet Union. 4413:

votes, and received 59% of the popular vote to Mondale's 41%. Compared to 1980, Reagan's strongest gains came among white Southern voters, and he also performed particularly well among Catholic voters, voters between the ages of eighteen and twenty-nine, and voters over the age of sixty. In the concurrent

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The politics of the Reagan years and the Bush years probably made it somewhat harder to get treatment expanded, but at the same time, it probably had a good effect in terms of decreasing initiation and use. For example, marijuana went from thirty-three percent of high-school seniors in 1980 to twelve

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In the 1986 mid-term elections, Democrats retained a majority of the House and won control of the Senate for the first time since the 1980 elections. Reagan campaigned hard for congressional Republicans, and an October 1986 New York Times/CBS News Poll had found that Reagan had a 67% approval rating.

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and other indigenous groups. Reagan had said that Montt was getting a "bum rap", and described him as "a man of great personal integrity". Previous human rights violations had prompted the United States to cut off aid to the Guatemalan government, but the Reagan administration unsuccessfully appealed

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Reagan's strong preferences for limited federal involvement and deregulation extended to the environment. His main goal was to lessen the burden of regulation on businesses to promote more economic activity in the United States. Because of this policy, Reagan refused to renew the Clean Air Act during

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appointees, many companies also won wage and benefit cutbacks from unions, especially in the manufacturing sector. During Reagan's time in office, the share of employees who were part of a labor union dropped from approximately one-fourth of the total workforce to approximately one-sixth of the total

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in hopes of receiving better pay and benefits. After the vote, Reagan announced that the strikers would be fired if they did not return to work within forty-eight hours. Federal law forbid government employees from striking. After the deadline passed, Reagan fired over 10,000 air traffic controllers,

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individuals both increased during the 1980s. Fearful of damaging confidence in the economic recovery, Reagan nominated Volcker to a second term in 1983, and Volcker remained in office until 1987. Inflation dropped to approximately 3.5% in 1985, while the unemployment rate fell to about 5% in 1988. In

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to make recommendations to secure the long-term integrity of Social Security. The commission rejected Social Security privatization and other major changes to the program, but recommended expanding the Social Security base (by including exempt federal and nonprofit employees), raising Social Security

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Though the race had been widely regarded as a close contest, Reagan won over the large majority of undecided voters. Reagan took 50.7% of the popular vote and 489 of the 538 electoral votes. Carter won 41% of the popular vote and 49 electoral votes, while Anderson won 6.6% of the popular vote. In the

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as his running mate in hopes of galvanizing support for his campaign, thus making Ferraro the first female major party vice presidential nominee in U.S. history. In accepting the Democratic nomination, Mondale attacked Reagan's policies regarding the environment, Social Security, nuclear arms, civil

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Since Reagan left office in 1989, substantial debate has occurred among scholars, historians, and the general public surrounding his legacy. Supporters have pointed to a more efficient and prosperous economy as a result of Reagan's economic policies, foreign policy triumphs including a peaceful end

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In the 1982 mid-term elections, Democrats retained a majority of the House while Republicans retained control of the Senate. Democratic gains in the House put a check on Reagan's policies, as the incoming Congress was significantly less open to Reagan's conservative policies. Despite the Democratic

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of Texas (who later became a Republican) were eager to back some of Reagan's conservative policies. Throughout 1981, Reagan frequently met with members of Congress, focusing especially on winning support from conservative Southern Democrats. Reagan also benefited from a conservative majority in the

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had nearly won passage of a major tax cut during Carter's presidency, but Carter had prevented passage of the bill due to concerns about the deficit. Reagan made passage of the Kemp–Roth bill his top domestic priority upon taking office. As Democrats controlled the House of Representatives, passage

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in 2024. The failed assassination attempt had great influence on Reagan's popularity; polls indicated his approval rating to be around 73%. Many pundits and journalists later described the failed assassination as a critical moment in Reagan's presidency, as his newfound popularity provided critical

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after the attacks had commenced, stating, "When our citizens are attacked or abused anywhere in the world on the direct orders of hostile regimes, we will respond so long as I'm in this office." The attack was condemned by many countries. By a vote of 79 in favor to 28 against with 33 abstentions,

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Even prior to becoming president, Reagan was the leader of a dramatic conservative shift that undercut many of the domestic and foreign policies that had dominated the national agenda for decades. A major factor in the rise of conservatism was the growing distrust of government in the aftermath of

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Despite the continuing debate surrounding his legacy, many conservative and liberal scholars agree that Reagan has been one of the most influential presidents since Franklin Roosevelt, leaving his imprint on American politics, diplomacy, culture, and economics through his effective communication,

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Public opinion polling consistently showed a Reagan lead in the 1984 campaign, and Mondale was unable to shake up the race. In the end, Reagan won re-election, winning 49 of 50 states. Mondale carried only his home state of Minnesota and the District of Columbia. Reagan won a record 525 electoral

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Though it was attacked by conservatives like Jesse Helms, the INF Treaty provided a major boost to Reagan's popularity in the aftermath of the Iran–Contra Affair. A new era of trade and openness between the two powers commenced, and the U.S. and the Soviet Union cooperated on international issues

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As his influence on domestic affairs waned during his second term, Reagan increasingly focused on relations with the Soviet Union. Reagan recognized the change in the direction of the Soviet leadership under Gorbachev, and shifted to diplomacy, with a view to encourage the Soviet leader to pursue

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nine days after. After two days of fighting that resulted in the deaths of 19 Americans, 45 Grenadans, and 24 Cubans, Austin's government was overthrown. Reagan then declared, "Our days of weakness are over. Our military forces are back on their feet and standing tall." While the invasion enjoyed

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Reagan and Carter met in one presidential debate, held just one week before election day. Reagan delivered an effective performance, asking voters, "Are you better off today than you were four years ago?" In response to a characterization by Carter of his record regarding Medicare, Reagan replied

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The investigations into the Iran–Contra scandal continued after Reagan left office, but were effectively halted when President George H. W. Bush pardoned Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger before his trial began. Investigators did not find conclusive proof that Reagan had known about the aid

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The 1980s saw the highest rate of immigration to the United States since the 1910s, and the proportion of the foreign-born population reached its highest level since the 1940s. Reagan did not make immigration a focus of his administration, but he came to support a package of reforms sponsored by

3612:, prohibiting the CIA and Defense Department from using their budgets to provide aid to the Contras. Still intent on supporting the Contras, the Reagan administration raised funds for the Contras from private donors and foreign governments. When Congress learned that the CIA had secretly placed 1887:

formed the "troika," the key White House staffers early in Reagan's presidency. Baker quickly established himself as the most powerful member of the troika and the overseer of day-to-day operations, while Meese had nominal leadership of policy development and Deaver orchestrated Reagan's public

883:. Supporters of Reagan's presidency have pointed to his contributions to the economic recovery of the 1980s, the peaceful end of the Cold War, and a broader restoration of American confidence. However, Reagan's presidency has received criticism from some Democrats for rising budget deficits and 4409:. Reagan rebounded in the second debate, and confronted questions about his age, quipping, "I will not make age an issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit, for political purposes, my opponent's youth and inexperience," which generated applause and laughter, even from Mondale himself. 3806:

with Gorbachev in 1988, he was viewed as a celebrity by the Soviets. A journalist asked the president if he still considered the Soviet Union the evil empire. "No," he replied, "I was talking about another time, another era." At Gorbachev's request, Reagan gave a speech on free markets at the

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Various issues, including intelligence operations performed by both countries and tensions in Germany and Afghanistan, threatened to forestall the possibility of an agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union. Nonetheless, both Gorbachev and Reagan agreed to continue arms control

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When Reagan took office in 1981, he "attempted to reduce" money that was directed towards studying the burgeoning field of global warming and human-driven climate change. In the early 1980s, the study of the intersection between human activity and climate change was still in its infancy and

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wrote at the time, "The theft from the taxpayer by the community that fattened on the growth of the savings and loan (S&L) industry in the 1980s is the worst public scandal in American history...Measuring by money, by the misallocation of national resources...the S&L outrage makes

10048: 4067:, in which the minority of white South Africans exerted nearly complete legal control over the lives of the non-white majority of the citizens. In the early 1980s the issue had moved to the center of international attention as a result of events in the townships and outcry at the death of 2301:. Reagan's success in passing a major tax bill and cutting the federal budget was hailed as the "Reagan Revolution" by some reporters; one columnist wrote that the Reagan's legislative success represented the "most formidable domestic initiative any president has driven through since the 3947:

began to take American hostages, holding eight Americans by the middle of 1985. The Reagan administration's attempts to release these hostages would be a major component of the Iran-Contra Scandal. In response to the U.S. intervention in Lebanon, the Defense Department developed the

3184:; mandated rules for spying on United States citizens, permanent residents, and on anyone within the United States; and also directed the Attorney General and others to create further policies and procedures for what information intelligence agencies can collect, retain, and share. 3752:. At the summit, Gorbachev and Reagan closed in on an agreement to greatly reduce or eliminate the nuclear stockpiles of both the U.S. and the Soviet Union over a ten-year period, but the deal collapsed due to disagreements regarding SDI development. Reagan attacked Gorbachev in a 3419:

Although leading conservatives argued that Reagan's foreign policy strategy was essential to protecting their security interests, critics labeled the initiatives as aggressive and imperialistic, and chided them as "warmongering". Reagan was also heavily criticized for backing

3248:. Reagan feared that the Soviet Union had gained a military advantage over the United States, and the Reagan administration hoped that heightened military spending would grant the U.S. military superiority and weaken the Soviet economy. Reagan ordered a massive buildup of the 3853:. What neither Deaver nor other administration officials initially realized was that many Germans distinguished the regular SS, who typically were composed of Nazi true believers, and the Waffen-SS which were attached to military units and composed of conscripted soldiers. 3316:. Ultimately, the SDI would be canceled in 1993 due to concerns about its cost and effectiveness as well as a changing international situation. However, the Soviets became concerned about the possible effects SDI would have and viewed its development as a violation of the 3785: 4872:, but that he contributed to a shift in attitudes that led to the defeat of efforts to further expand the welfare state. Heclo further argues that Reagan's presidency made American voters and political leaders more tolerant of deficits and more opposed to taxation. 931:. While distrust of high officials had been an American characteristic for two centuries, Watergate engendered heightened levels of suspicion and encouraged the media to engage in a vigorous search for scandals. An unexpected new factor was the emergence of the 4821:

to the Cold War, and a restoration of American pride and morale. Proponents also argue Reagan restored faith in the American Dream after a decline in American confidence and self-respect under Jimmy Carter's perceived weak leadership, particularly during the

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98 (1999): 15+. Reports that "many articles in the top journals have been fair, as have a number of influential books...from respected historians, presidential scholars, and political scientists – people who were not Reagan supporters and are certainly not

2353:. The net result was the removal of six million poor Americans from the income tax roll and a reduction of income tax liability at all income levels. The net effect of Reagan's tax bills was that overall tax burden held steady at roughly 19 percent of 1959:

Baker and Treasury Secretary Regan switched positions at the beginning of Reagan's second term. Regan centralized power within his office, and he took on the responsibilities that had been held by Baker, Deaver, and Meese, the latter of whom succeeded

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of any bill would require the support of some House Democrats in addition to the support of congressional Republicans. Reagan's victory in the 1980 presidential campaign had united Republicans around his leadership, while conservative Democrats like

3728:, which would change the political and economic conditions of the Soviet Union. Seeking to reduce military expenditures and minimize the possibility of nuclear war, he also sought to re-open negotiations with the United States over arms control. 3404:. By 1987, the United States was sending over $ 600 million a year, as well as weapons, intelligence, and combat expertise to Afghanistan. The Soviet Union announced it would withdraw from Afghanistan in 1987, but the U.S. was subjected to 2282:

House during his first two years as president, with an estimated 230 votes during the 97th Congress, although this changed after the Democratic gains in the 1982 election, with House control switching to liberals within the Democratic caucus.

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adopted resolution 41/38 which "condemns the military attack perpetrated against the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya on April 15, 1986, which constitutes a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and of international law."

2329:, the losses were relatively small for the party holding the presidency, but conservative Democrats were less open to Reagan's initiatives after 1982. As deficits continued to be an issue, Reagan signed another bill that raised taxes, the 3856:

As the controversy brewed in April 1985, Reagan issued a statement that called the Nazi soldiers buried in that cemetery as themselves "victims", a designation which ignited a stir over whether Reagan had equated the SS men to victims of

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Reagan came under much criticism in 1985 when he was accused of honoring Nazi war criminals at a cemetery in West Germany. In February 1985, the administration accepted an invitation for Reagan to visit a German military cemetery in

4879:'s presidents and Executive Politics section also ranked Reagan as the ninth greatest president. In terms of the worst mistake made by a sitting president, a 2006 poll of historians ranked the Iran-Contra affair as the ninth worst. 15369: 15364: 11016: 3129:

his administration. Reagan lessened existing regulations on pollution, cut funding to government environmental agencies, and appointed known anti-environmentalist individuals to key positions presiding over these organizations.

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in an attempt to end the Cold War. Under his doctrine, the Reagan administration initiated a massive buildup of the United States military; promoted new technologies such as missile defense systems; and, in 1983, undertook an

3320:. In protest of SDI, the Soviet Union broke off arms control talks, and U.S.-Soviet relations descended to their lowest point since the early 1960s. The Cold War tensions influenced works of popular culture such as the films 3938:

in Beirut killed 241 American Marines and 58 French soldiers. The international peacekeeping force was withdrawn from Lebanon in 1984. In reaction to the role Israel and the United States played in the Lebanese Civil War, a

946:, involving such issues as individual freedom, divorce, sexual freedom, abortion, and homosexuality. A mass movement of population from the cities to the suburbs led to the creation of a new group of voters less attached to 3736:, Reagan's ambassador to Moscow, he regarded as "totally irrational, totally inhumane, good for nothing but killing, possibly destructive of life on earth and civilization." Gorbachev and Reagan agreed to meet at the 1985 2030:, fulfilling a campaign promise to name the first woman to the Supreme Court. Democrats, who had planned to vigorously oppose Reagan's nominations to the Supreme Court, approved of the nomination of O'Connor. However, the 3603:

as the country's leader. Fearing that Communists would take over Nicaragua if it remained under the leadership of the Sandinistas, the Reagan administration authorized CIA Director William J. Casey to arm the right-wing

1081:. He instead sought to focus the race on Carter's handling of the economy. Mired with an approval rating in the low 30s, Carter also waged a negative campaign, focusing on the supposed risk of war if Reagan took office. 10237:

Henry, David (December 2009). "Ronald Reagan and the 1980s: Perceptions, Policies, Legacies. Ed. by Cheryl Hudson and Gareth Davies. (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. xiv, 268 pp. $ 84.95, ISBN 978-0-230-60302-8.)".

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provided to the Contras, but Walsh's report noted that Reagan had "created the conditions which made possible the crimes committed by others" and had "knowingly participated or acquiesced in covering up the scandal."

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if Congress was unable to eliminate deficits through the regular budget-making process. However, Congress found ways around the automatic cuts and deficits continued to rise, ultimately leading to the passage of the

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After the passage of the Garn–St. Germain Depository Institutions Act, savings and loans associations engaged in riskier activities, and the leaders of some institutions embezzled funds. In what became known as the

4836:. Liberals especially disapproved of Reagan's simultaneous tax cuts for the wealthy and benefit cuts for the poor. Some critics assert that the Iran–Contra affair lowered American credibility. In his popular book, 3308:(SDI), a defense project that would have used ground- and space-based systems to protect the United States from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles. Reagan believed that this defense shield could make 3631:, in hopes that Iran would pressure Hezbollah to release the hostages. Secretary of Defense Weinberger and Secretary of State Shultz both opposed the arrangement, so it was handled by National Security Advisor 2591:

Reagan prioritized tax cuts over spending cuts, arguing that lower revenue would eventually require lower spending. Nonetheless, Reagan was determined to decrease government spending and roll back or dismantle

4098:, which included tougher sanctions. Reagan vetoed the act, but this was overridden by a bipartisan effort in Congress. By 1990, under Reagan's successor George H. W. Bush, the new South African government of 3670:, but decided that it would be an unwise use of political capital against a weakened president; Democrats were also somewhat mollified by Reagan's decision to replace Chief of Staff Regan with Howard Baker. 3037:

blocked passage of Helms' bill. Reagan campaigned vigorously to restore organized prayer to the schools, first as a moment of prayer and later as a moment of silence. His election reflected an opposition to

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With Donald Regan taking over as Chief of Staff in 1985, the Reagan administration made simplification of the tax code the central focus of its second term domestic agenda. Working with Speaker of the House

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17 days of the 97th Congress (January 3, 1981 – January 19, 1981) took place under President Carter, and 17 days of the 101st Congress (January 3, 1989 – January 19, 1989) took place during Reagan's second

4094:. However, these sanctions were seen as weak by anti-apartheid activists, and as insufficient by the president's opponents in Congress, including 81 House Republicans. In August 1986, Congress approved the 2660:

for most individuals, his administration attempted to purge many people from the Social Security disability rolls. Reagan's inability to implement major cuts to Social Security solidified its status as the

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Reagan experienced several legislative successes in his first year in office, but his attempts to cut federal domestic spending after 1981 met increasing congressional resistance. Spending on programs like

4848:. Reagan's leadership and understanding of issues has also been questioned, and even some members of the administration criticized Reagan's passive demeanor during meetings with staff and cabinet members. 3115:. By 1989, approximately 60,000 Americans had died of AIDS, and liberals strongly criticized Reagan's response to the HIV/AIDS crisis. On the 1980 campaign trail, Reagan spoke of the gay rights movement: 15742: 4190:

that caused further worries about his health. No cancerous growths were found, and he was not sedated during the operation. In July of that year, he underwent a third skin cancer operation on his nose.

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arranged a cease-fire in which Israel, Syria, and the PLO, all agreed to evacuate their forces from Lebanon. As Israel delayed a full withdrawal and violence continued in Lebanon, Reagan arranged for a

4796:. In large part due to his handling of relations with the Soviet Union, Reagan left office with an approval rating of sixty-eight percent, matching the approval ratings of Franklin Roosevelt and later 3522:, to minimize Cuban and Soviet influence in the region. The administration provided support to right-wing governments throughout Latin America, disregarding humans rights abuses in countries like 3998:, part of a group known as the "unholy trinity" and was also labeled as "our international public enemy number one" by a CIA official. These tensions were later revived in early April 1986, when 2200:

Reagan used his White House staff to shape major domestic policies. His Chief of Staff made heavy use of the Office of Policy Development in supervising cabinet action on the Reagan initiatives.

1069:. After winning the Republican nomination, Reagan pivoted to the center. Though he continued to champion a major tax cut, Reagan backed off of his support for free trade and the privatization of 11062: 4713: 3720:. Gorbachev was less ideologically rigid than his predecessors, and he believed that the Soviet Union urgently needed economic and political reforms. In 1986, he introduced his twin reforms of 3101:, a personal friend of President Reagan, was receiving treatment for AIDS. As public anxiety over AIDS rose, the Supreme Court upheld a state law that criminalized homosexuality in the case of 887:

during and after his presidency, as well as for his leadership of the executive branch, particularly during the Iran–Contra affair. Due to Reagan's impact on public discourse and advocacy of

7708: 4033:. The attack was designed to halt Gaddafi's "ability to export terrorism," offering him "incentives and reasons to alter his criminal behavior." The president addressed the nation from the 4780:, Bush soundly defeated Dukakis, taking 53.4 percent of the popular vote and 426 electoral votes. The election saw the lowest turnout of eligible voters in any presidential election since 11715: 4358: 6942: 3639:. The Reagan administration sold over 2000 missiles to Iran without informing Congress; Hezbollah released four hostages but captured an additional six Americans. On the initiative of 3913:, Reagan faced domestic and international pressure to oppose the Israeli invasion, but Reagan was reluctant to openly break Israel. Reagan sympathized with Israeli's desire to defeat 3119:

My criticism is that isn't just asking for civil rights; it's asking for recognition and acceptance of an alternative lifestyle which I do not believe society can condone, nor can I.

4029:, allowed the U.S. Air Force to use Britain's air bases to launch the attack, on the justification that the UK was supporting America's right to self-defense under Article 51 of the 2128:. Partly because Congress passed a law creating new federal judicial positions in 1984, Reagan had appointed nearly half of the federal judiciary by the time he left office in 1989. 11258: 1014:, Reagan immediately became the front-runner for the 1980 Republican presidential nomination. A darling of the conservative movement, Reagan faced more moderate Republicans such as 657: 7524: 3055:

for 25 years after a grass-roots lobbying and legislative campaign forced him to abandon his plan to ease that law's restrictions. He also reluctantly accepted the continuation of

4825:. Reagan remains an important symbol of American conservatism, much in the same way that Franklin Roosevelt continued to serve as a symbol of liberalism long after his own death. 3849:. Deaver was given assurances by a German head of protocol that no war criminals were buried there. It was later determined that the cemetery held the graves of 49 members of the 3312:

impossible. Many scientists and national security experts criticized the project as costly and technologically infeasible, and critics dubbed SDI as "Star Wars" in reference to a

3044:, which prohibited state officials from composing an official state prayer and requiring that it be recited in the public schools. In 1981, he proposed a constitutional amendment 2986:. In 1989, Reagan said "I do not believe in taking away the right of the citizen to own guns for sporting, for hunting and so forth, or for home defense; but I do believe that an 2121: 4369:

Reagan's approval ratings fell after his first year in office, but they bounced back when the United States began to emerge from recession in 1983. The leading candidates in the

3018:. Despite the lack of major social policy legislation, Reagan was able to influence social policy through regulations and the appointment of conservative Supreme Court Justices. 3111:

advocated for a public health campaign designed to reduce the spread of AIDS by raising awareness and promoting the use of condoms, Reagan rejected Koop's proposals in favor of

14753: 11450: 3296:" treaties of the 1970s, which set upper limits on the size of nuclear arsenals, the proposed START treaty would require both sides to reduce their existing nuclear arsenals. 3213: 1808: 453: 11220: 15393: 12531: 2044:

as protected from government interference via the Constitution. O'Connor served on the Supreme Court until 2006, and was generally considered to be a centrist conservative.

4161:, first in his right ear and later in his left ear as well. His decision to go public in 1983 regarding his wearing the small, audio-amplifying device boosted their sales. 3708:

came to power in 1985. Although the Soviet Union had not accelerated military spending during Reagan's military buildup, their large military expenses, in combination with

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As Reagan was unwilling to match his tax cuts with cuts to defense spending or Social Security, rising deficits became an issue. These deficits were exacerbated by the

2094:, who won Senate confirmation in February 1988. Along with O'Connor, Kennedy served as the key swing vote on the Supreme Court in the decades after Reagan left office. 13549: 10320: 1934:

emerged as an important figure in the administration, as the CIA would figure prominently into Reagan's Cold War initiatives. Reagan downgraded the importance of the

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forces that had struck Israel from Lebanon, but he pressured Israel to end its invasion as casualties mounted and Israeli forces approached the Lebanese capital of

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to succeed Volcker, and Greenspan would lead the Federal Reserve until 2006. Greenspan raised interest rates in another attempt to curb inflation, setting off a

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Haig left the cabinet in 1982 after clashing with other members of the Reagan administration, and was replaced by another former Nixon administration official,

11900: 9842:"ELECTIONS; DEMOCRATS GAIN CONTROL OF SENATE, DRAWING VOTES OF REAGAN'S BACKERS; CUOMO AND D'AMATO ARE EASY VICTORS; WHAT AWAITS CONGRESS; BROAD G.O.P. LOSSES" 4083:

in several neighboring countries, in alliance with Savimbi's UNITA. Reagan administration officials saw the apartheid government as a key anti-communist ally.

876: 9713: 2845:, a total of 747 financial institutions failed and needed to be rescued with $ 160 billion in taxpayer dollars. As an indication of this scandal's size, 2636:

all increased after 1982. The number of federal civilian employees rose during Reagan's tenure, from 2.9 million to 3.1 million. Reagan's policy of

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chose to retire. Rehnquist, a member of the conservative wing of the Court, was the third sitting associate justice to be elevated to chief justice, after

1506: 11213: 7431:"The executive order that led to mass spying, as told by NSA alumni: Feds call it "twelve triple three"; whistleblower says it's the heart of the problem" 6010:

All figures, except for debt percentage, are presented in billions of dollars. The receipt, outlay, deficit, GDP, and debt figures are calculated for the

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In July 1981, the Senate voted 89–11 in favor of the tax cut bill favored by Reagan, and the House subsequently approved the bill in a 238–195 vote. The

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G. Thomas Goodnight, "Ronald Reagan's re‐formulation of the rhetoric of war: Analysis of the 'zero option,' 'evil empire,' and 'star wars' addresses."

6675: 3760:, but negotiations continued. Gorbachev and Reagan broke the impasse by agreeing to negotiate separate treaties on intermediate nuclear forces (such as 2963:, the latter of which granted $ 1.7 billion to fight drugs and established a mandatory minimum penalties for drug offenses. Reagan also signed the 11979: 11692: 11323: 7430: 4397:

Reagan, meanwhile, generally declined to offer new legislative proposals for his re-election campaign, instead focusing on events like the U.S.-hosted

3454: 3193: 812: 443: 9392: 4852:, a member of the National Security Council, criticized Reagan as "really lost, out of his depth, uncomfortable" at NSC meetings. Another NSC member, 3384:" Soviet-backed communist governments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In Eastern Europe, the CIA provided support to the Polish opposition group, 2178:. Reagan was released from the hospital on April 11, becoming the first serving president to survive being wounded in an assassination attempt before 16050: 11155: 9451: 7991: 5271:

David B. Cohen, "From the fabulous baker boys to the master of disaster: The White House chief of staff in the Reagan and GHW Bush administrations."

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led to the conviction or resignation of several administration officials. During Reagan's second term, he sought closer relations with Soviet leader

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Reagan sought to loosen federal regulation of economic activities, and he appointed key officials who shared this agenda. According to historian

2256: 477: 13117: 7014: 3093:, were hostile to the gay community, as were many religious leaders who were important allies to the administration. Gay rights and the growing 2717:

rate rose from 11.7 percent to 15 percent. The country emerged from recession in 1983, but not all shared equally in the economic recovery, and

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During Ronald Reagan's presidency South Africa continued to use a non-democratic system of government based on racial discrimination, known as

3498:, which it saw as a key front in the Cold War. Reagan and his foreign policy team were particularly concerned about the potential influence of 1950: 682: 15269: 13388: 11552: 11545: 11466: 9802: 9683: 9001: 8984: 7528: 6705: 6240: 4135: 4127: 2825: 8848: 7126: 6355: 3518:, an economic program designed to aid countries opposed to Communism. He also authorized covert measures, such as the arming of Nicaragua's 14393: 14373: 14353: 14333: 14313: 14293: 14273: 14253: 14233: 14213: 14193: 14173: 14153: 14133: 14113: 14093: 14073: 14053: 14033: 14013: 13993: 13973: 13953: 13933: 13913: 13893: 13873: 13853: 13833: 13463: 13438: 13403: 13378: 12472: 12430: 12403: 11185: 11178: 4946: 4746: 4692: 4680: 4370: 4340: 1027: 999: 977: 585: 558: 536: 519: 372: 9027: 8923: 5473: 15801: 15689: 13383: 11822: 10211: 4207: 3284:

in West Germany. The president also strongly denounced the Soviet Union and Communism in moral terms, describing the Soviet Union as an "

1928: 841: 7340:

Playing President: My Close Ecounters with Nixon, Carter, Bush I, Reagan, and Clinton—and How They Did Not Prepare Me for George W. Bush

4086:

Finding the Reagan Administration unresponsive to its calls for more stringent economic sanctions, anti-apartheid activists undertook a

3627:, a Lebanese paramilitary group supported by Iran. The Reagan administration decided to sell American arms to Iran, then engaged in the 3071:

and the Justice Department both prosecuted far fewer civil rights cases per year than they had under Carter. In 1988, Reagan vetoed the

2936:". He promised a "planned, concerted campaign" against all drugs, in hopes of decreasing drug use, particularly among adolescents. The " 2616:, which had provided for the employment of 300,000 workers in 1980, was also repealed, and the administration tightened eligibility for 16015: 15891: 13433: 13423: 13408: 12304: 11757: 11501: 11206: 9739: 7940: 7151: 7053: 4684: 2882: 793: 482: 154: 10915:(2015) on p. 743 says "she wrote one of the most candid and at times self-critical memoirs in recent American political history." 9046: 7165: 3542:

and the U.S. because Cuban construction workers were building an airfield on the island. On October 16, 1983, pro-Communist forces of

2341:, a Democrat who also favored tax reform, Reagan overcame significant opposition from members of Congress in both parties to pass the 2142: 14549: 13535: 13473: 13413: 13398: 12240: 12053: 11988: 11972: 11884: 11082: 4466: 4461: 3466: 2690: 2613: 2609: 1935: 1572: 2750:

Income inequality and union participation have had a distinctly inverse relationship, with the disparity increasing since the 1980s.

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to fill Rehnquist's position as an associate justice of the Supreme Court. Scalia became a member of the Court's conservative wing.

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was introducing widespread reforms, though the Bush administration argued that this was not a result of the tougher sanctions.

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led a coup against Bishop, who was subsequently arrested and executed. Reagan dispatched approximately 5,000 U.S. soldiers to

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The Presidents Vs. the Press: The Endless Battle Between the White House and the Media—from the Founding Fathers to Fake News

10733: 10691: 10670: 10536: 8350: 8108: 7348: 7085: 3288:." Despite this heavy rhetoric, the Reagan administration continued arms control talks with the Soviet Union in the form of " 3064: 2171: 776:, sought to cut non-military spending, and eliminated federal regulations. The administration's economic policies, known as " 266: 10478:

Ronald Reagan: The Presidential Portfolio: A History Illustrated from the Collection of the Ronald Reagan Library and Museum

7886: 2855: 2640:, which sought to shift the responsibility for most social programs to state governments, found little support in Congress. 16010: 13576: 13488: 12503: 12225: 11921: 11632: 11134: 11075: 11057: 9201: 3966: 3761: 3709: 3220: 3181: 2083: 1658: 627: 492: 424: 6506: 3732:

substantial arms agreements. Reagan's personal mission was to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons, which according to

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to Congress to restart military aid. However, the administration successfully provided nonmilitary assistance such as the

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The 1980 general campaign between Reagan and Carter was conducted amid a multitude of domestic concerns and the ongoing

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Relations between Libya and the United States under President Reagan were continually contentious, beginning with the

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in Nicaraguan harbors, Congress passed a second Boland Amendment that barred granting any assistance to the Contras.

3547: 2793: 2792:, by 1986, the Reagan administration eliminated almost half of the federal regulations that had existed in 1981. The 2722: 2286: 1874: 1615: 909: 888: 773: 754: 17: 9717: 6401: 3471: 3240:

Reagan escalated the Cold War, accelerating a reversal from the policy of détente which had begun in 1979 after the

1038:. Polls taken after the party conventions showed a tied race between Reagan and Carter, while independent candidate 15821: 14836: 14472: 13558: 13157: 12654: 11914: 11863: 11708: 11473: 11458: 11192: 10919: 9122: 6625:

Timothy Curry and Lynn Shibut, The Cost of the Savings and Loan Crisis: Truth and Consequences FDIC, December 2000.

4951: 4314: 4095: 3815:, paving the way for democratization in Eastern Europe. In November 1989, ten months after Reagan left office, the 2867: 2074:

Reagan faced greater difficulties in filling the final Supreme Court vacancy, which arose due to the retirement of

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Reagan in the upper tier of American presidents, and consider him to be one of the most important presidents since

718: 710: 83: 43: 15694: 15608: 15573: 14526: 14484: 14460: 14454: 13307: 13257: 13187: 13127: 13107: 12987: 12957: 12907: 12205: 12106: 11870: 11308: 11301: 11294: 11287: 11280: 11273: 11266: 10240: 7127:"Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union | The American Presidency Project" 4362: 4087: 4039: 3999: 3552: 3385: 3293: 2945: 2890: 2644: 2294: 2113: 1924: 1701: 1070: 132: 7199: 6893: 4179:

later wrote that in 1986, she and other reporters noticed what might have been early symptoms of Reagan's later

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Prudence Flowers, "'A Prolife Disaster': The Reagan Administration and the Nomination of Sandra Day O'Connor."

5174: 3927: 3574: 3011: 2905: 2776: 2601: 2326: 1315: 1172: 702: 7475: 6789: 4761:, which nominated Bush for president, also acted as a celebration of Reagan's presidency. Democrats nominated 2034:

was astonished and dismayed with O'Connor, who they feared would not overturn the Supreme Court's decision in

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Sorensen, Robert H.; Farnsworth, G. Strider; Roberts, Jared E.; Welling, David R.; Rich, Norman M. (2014).

9255: 9150:"The Reagan Presidency | Ronald Reagan Presidential Library – National Archives and Records Administration" 5595: 4785: 4674: 4627: 4591: 4434: 4414: 4336: 4310: 4303: 4283: 4270: 4115: 3416:, two groups that arose out of the Mujahideen and that would oppose the United States in future conflicts. 3305: 3072: 2805: 2714: 2625: 2117: 1973: 1094: 973: 9176:"Joe Biden will become the oldest president in American history, a title previously held by Ronald Reagan" 5447: 4844:

argued that Reagan's high level of defense would eventually lead to the decline of the United States as a

2665:" of U.S. politics, and future administrations would be reluctant to propose cuts to the popular program. 15861: 15776: 15730: 15558: 15453: 15433: 14760: 14508: 14416: 13267: 13007: 12937: 12869: 12190: 12134: 11750: 11602: 11595: 8675: 7817: 4555: 4519: 4483: 4255: 4240: 4225: 4150:

At the time, Reagan was the oldest person to have served as U.S. president, a record that is now held by

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public support in the United States and Grenada, it was criticized by the United Kingdom, Canada and the

3393: 3257: 2964: 2960: 239: 10767: 9590: 4130:, the first bilateral free trade agreement in U.S. history. In 1988, Reagan and Canadian Prime Minister 3647:

to investigate the transactions. A few weeks later, Reagan asked a panel of federal judges to appoint a

16030: 15781: 15618: 14538: 13347: 13337: 13317: 13287: 13097: 12947: 12200: 12097: 11743: 9587:"Statement by Assistant to the President for Press Relations Fitzwater on the President's Hand Surgery" 6722: 5045:

Paul Boyer, "The Evangelical Resurgence in 1970s American Protestantism" in Schulman and Zelizer, eds.

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In 2017, a C-SPAN survey of scholars ranked Reagan as the ninth greatest president. A 2018 poll of the

4385:. Though Hart won several primaries, Mondale ultimately won the nomination. Down in the polls, Mondale 4195: 3931: 3515: 3249: 3060: 3010:

Reagan was largely unable to enact his ambitious social policy agenda, which included a federal ban on

3002:

The Reagan administration has been criticized both contemporaneously, as seen in this 1988 poster from

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rebels in Nicaragua that were fighting to overthrow their nation's socialist government. The resulting

244: 127: 13017: 8734: 7839: 15919: 15623: 15588: 15543: 15533: 15518: 15508: 15473: 15438: 14514: 13277: 12252: 12220: 11928: 11653: 11568: 11480: 7966:"Allan Nairn: After Ríos Montt Verdict, Time for U.S. to Account for Its Role in Guatemalan Genocide" 2772: 2620:. Notably absent from the budget cuts was the Department of Defense, which saw its budget bolstered. 288: 221: 183: 8575: 8082: 7840:"From U.S. Ally to Convicted War Criminal: Inside Chad's Hissène Habré's Close Ties to Reagan Admin" 2832:, the EPA's budget was dramatically reduced and the EPA loosely enforced environmental regulations. 15684: 15658: 15633: 15538: 15483: 15478: 15458: 15423: 15413: 12997: 12917: 12523: 12420: 11771: 11699: 11383: 11353: 11346: 5058:

Stephen D. Johnson and Joseph B. Tamney, "The Christian Right and the 1980 presidential election."

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President Reagan's Trip to USSR, Walking in Red Square with Mikhail Gorbachev, Moscow, May 31, 1988

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in 1981, but this plan was poorly-received in Congress. In 1982, Reagan established the bipartisan

2629: 2350: 1732: 1492: 278: 9806: 9691: 9005: 8982: 6702: 6244: 2746: 784:. The combination of tax cuts and an increase in defense spending led to budget deficits, and the 15593: 15548: 15488: 15463: 15418: 15185: 15080: 13357: 12597: 12569: 12561: 11778: 11531: 11415: 11406: 9149: 8858: 5908:"Presidential Politics And Deficit Reduction: The Landscape Of Tax Policy In The 1980S And 1990S" 5791:

Movers & Shakers: Congressional Leaders in the 1980, John B. Shlaes, Eric M. Licht, 1985 P.17

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capabilities had been weakened by presidents Carter and Ford. On December 4, 1981, Reagan signed

3165: 2979: 2842: 9621: 8316: 5975: 5969: 1907:, as his first secretary of state. Other major Cabinet appointees included Secretary of Defense 16020: 15771: 15503: 15468: 15060: 15030: 13828: 12983: 12862: 12842: 12744: 12677: 12518: 12127: 12030: 11588: 11429: 6819: 5550: 5076:

Culture wars: The struggle to control the family, art, education, law, and politics in America

4406: 4180: 4030: 3620: 3588: 3568: 3437: 3433: 3177: 3075:, but his veto was overridden by Congress. Reagan had argued that the legislation infringed on 2710: 2662: 2387: 2354: 2342: 2317:

Faced with concerns about the mounting federal debt, Reagan agreed to raise taxes, signing the

2020: 1969: 995: 857: 789: 632: 409: 404: 11009:(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015). xiv, 682 pp.; topical essays by scholars emphasizing historiography; 10215: 10141: 8663: 8391: 7338: 5692: 3396:

to Afghanistan and Pakistan, and the CIA was instrumental in training, equipping, and leading

918: 796:, which enacted sweeping changes to U.S. immigration law and granted amnesty to three million 16035: 16025: 15856: 15628: 15583: 14068: 13213: 12645: 12590: 12326: 11965: 11660: 11494: 7502: 7263: 6858: 5527: 3401: 3389: 3355: 3241: 3173: 2674: 2617: 2306: 2224: 2060: 880: 781: 644: 147: 11010: 10943: 10336: 9780: 9743: 4828:

Critics contend that Reagan's economic policies resulted in rising budget deficits, a wider

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wrote that Reagan was "elevating wishful thinking to the status of a political philosophy."

2245:

in the 1920s. Reagan's team was also strongly influenced by contemporary economists such as

1034:. Meanwhile, Carter won the Democratic nomination, defeating a primary challenge by Senator 15886: 15876: 15145: 15140: 15130: 14980: 14975: 14884: 14866: 14854: 14842: 14830: 14824: 14044: 14024: 13848: 13844: 13798: 13233: 11399: 11369: 11250: 10569: 6920: 4910: 4793: 4418: 4398: 3803: 3753: 3737: 3608:. Congress, which favored negotiations between the Contras and Sandinista, passed the 1982 3097:

emerged as an important matter of public concern in 1985 after it was disclosed that actor

3015: 2944:

and may have played a role in numerous murders, emerged as a major area of public concern.

2789: 2685: 2648: 1961: 1946: 1437: 1375: 1320: 1098: 293: 11067: 9421:"Happy Anniversary to the first scheduled presidential press conference – 93 years young!" 3340:, each of which exhibited the rising public anxiety for the possibility of a nuclear war. 8: 16065: 15839: 15050: 14788: 13820: 13807: 13703: 13586: 13163: 13083: 12794: 12727: 12270: 11127: 10101: 6767: 6680: 5640:

Shirley Anne Warshaw, "White House Control of Domestic Policy Making: The Reagan Years."

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led an effort to prevent the Supreme Court from reviewing state and local laws mandating

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On March 30, 1981, only 69 days into the new administration, Reagan, his press secretary

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Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History

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American Civil Rights Policy from Truman to Clinton: The Role of Presidential Leadership

6014:, which ends on September 30. For example, fiscal year 2020 ended on September 30, 2020. 4157:

Early in his presidency, Reagan started wearing a custom-made, technologically advanced

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individuals passed during Reagan's tenure. Many in the Reagan administration, including

2701:

Reagan took office in the midst of poor economic conditions, as the country experienced

745:, to win re-election in a larger landslide. Reagan was succeeded by his vice president, 15871: 15736: 15165: 15105: 14995: 14890: 14872: 14848: 14770: 14615: 14597: 13794: 13785: 13707: 13596: 13591: 13581: 13153: 12669: 12621: 12544: 12462: 12425: 12351: 12210: 11242: 10592: 10513: 10368: 10257: 9846: 9614: 9564: 9536: 9510: 9470: 9397: 9369: 9206: 9127: 8927: 8051: 7795: 7204: 7019: 6898: 6744: 6272: 5663:

The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order: America and the World in the Free Market Era

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Not long after being sworn into office, Reagan declared more militant policies in the "

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seeking to overthrow leftist governments, particularly in war-torn Central America and

283: 254: 111: 13638: 9096: 5032:

J. Lull, and S. Hinerman, "The search for scandal' in J. Lull & S. Hinerman, eds.

2656:, which received bipartisan support. While Reagan avoided cuts to Social Security and 2174:, he underwent surgery and recovered quickly from a broken rib, a punctured lung, and 792:, simplifying the tax code by reducing rates and removing several tax breaks, and the 15881: 15215: 15190: 15170: 15120: 15095: 15075: 15065: 15025: 15000: 14902: 14800: 14663: 14651: 14639: 14621: 14585: 14448: 14224: 14204: 14188: 14168: 14088: 13968: 13864: 13755: 13742: 13720: 13716: 13642: 13303: 13253: 13183: 13123: 13103: 13093: 12953: 12903: 12828: 12717: 12703: 12583: 12537: 12467: 11487: 10984: 10966: 10929: 10923: 10887: 10881: 10874: 10860: 10792: 10785: 10758: 10729: 10687: 10681: 10666: 10647: 10628: 10598: 10577: 10555: 10548: 10532: 10526: 10509: 10482: 10476: 10458: 10452: 10434: 10427: 10342: 10279: 9305: 8961: 8397: 8346: 8104: 8096: 7791: 7758: 7752: 7344: 7269: 7173: 7081: 5979: 5698: 5671: 4750: 4722: 4702: 4402: 4390: 4165: 4026: 4021:. Habré was supported by the Reagan administration as an ally against Gaddafi's Libya 3971: 3812: 3799: 3705: 3628: 3556: 3377: 3153: 3137: 3076: 3052: 2894: 2797: 2175: 2167: 2163: 2048: 2004: 1953: 1908: 1825: 1813: 1513: 1289: 1270: 1196: 1015: 951: 928: 861: 746: 10760:

Ronald Reagan and the House Democrats: Gridlock, Partisanship, and the Fiscal Crisis

9910: 8700: 7992:"Ronald Reagan's genocidal secret: A true story of right-wing impunity in Guatemala" 6089: 6061: 6033: 4856:, criticized Reagan's "passive management style placed a tremendous burden on us." 4051: 1085:

with a phrase that helped define the election and endure in the political lexicon: "

15244: 15239: 15150: 15070: 15045: 15035: 14908: 14818: 14681: 14657: 14609: 14573: 13888: 13824: 13811: 13781: 13768: 13690: 13677: 13143: 13133: 13113: 13073: 13023: 12973: 12923: 12344: 12294: 12215: 11722: 10622: 10505: 10249: 9295: 7787: 5175:"Ronald Reagan v. Jimmy Carter: "Are You Better Off Than You Were Four Years Ago?"" 4813: 4656: 4620: 4584: 4548: 4512: 4164:

On July 13, 1985, Reagan underwent surgery to remove a section of his colon due to

3910: 3907: 3771:

With the framework for an agreement in place, Reagan and Gorbachev met at the 1987

3644: 3609: 3584: 3281: 3229: 2155: 1942: 1931: 1751: 1620: 1525: 1039: 891:, some historians have described the period during and after his presidency as the 730: 249: 12854: 7864: 6712:

Collected Speeches, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. Retrieved August 15, 2007.

3704:

died between 1982 and 1985, leaving the Soviets with an unstable leadership until

3160:

power early during Reagan's first term. Their recommendations were based upon the

2237:

fiscal policy. Reagan's taxation policies resembled those instituted by President

1888:

appearances. Aside from the troika, other important White House staffers included

15323: 15254: 15175: 15115: 15010: 15005: 14990: 14985: 14970: 14812: 14794: 14782: 14776: 14735: 14687: 14633: 14084: 14004: 13988: 13984: 13964: 13884: 13868: 13729: 13681: 13664: 13655: 13651: 13243: 13223: 13193: 13053: 13033: 12606: 12002: 11829: 11332: 10977: 10723: 9452:"Reagan's Twilight – A special report; A President Fades into a World Apart" 9428: 9284:"President Reagan's Life Saving Colectomy and Subsequent Historical Implications" 8988: 8853: 8570: 7713: 7365:

White House Politics and the Environment: Franklin D. Roosevelt to George W. Bush

7075: 6709: 4924: 4762: 4706: 3991: 3987: 3949: 3713: 3636: 3476: 3373: 3349: 3108: 3040: 3034: 2921: 2820:

implemented policies designed to open up federal territories to oil drilling and

2768: 2293:

from 28% to 20%, more than tripled the amount of inherited money exempt from the

2091: 2064: 2031: 1794: 1675: 1632: 1387: 1344: 932: 820: 448: 15294: 8124: 7778:

Pach, Chester (2006). "The Reagan Doctrine: Principle, Pragmatism, and Policy".

4357:

in the 1984 presidential election. President Reagan was reelected in one of the

3494:

The Reagan administration placed a high priority on the Central America and the

3209: 2775:, ended with dismissal of the strikers. With the assent of Reagan's sympathetic 2170:. Although Reagan was initially reported to be "close to death" upon arrival at 938:

Other factors in the rise of the conservative movement were the emergence of a "

769:

programs and priorities that had dominated the national agenda since the 1930s.

15934: 15929: 15766: 15318: 15313: 15308: 15160: 15110: 14938: 14920: 14878: 14675: 14669: 14627: 14284: 14264: 13928: 13924: 13908: 13904: 13746: 13668: 13323: 13203: 13173: 13063: 13043: 13013: 12963: 12770: 12764: 12722: 12638: 12551: 8676:

Reagan Defends Cemetery Visit : Says German Dead Are Also Victims of Nazis

6094: 6066: 6038: 6011: 4734: 4578: 4542: 4506: 4374: 4354: 4169: 4131: 4099: 3688: 3652: 3539: 3421: 3333: 3261: 3030: 2948:

Nancy Reagan made the War on Drugs her main cause as First Lady, founding the "

2937: 2878: 2821: 2727: 2637: 2338: 2068: 2027: 1938:, and six different individuals held that position during Reagan's presidency. 1916: 1900: 1889: 1877: 1708: 1589: 1301: 1215: 816: 742: 10550:

For the Soul of Mankind: the United States, the Soviet Union, and the Cold War

10253: 9300: 9283: 2967:, which further increased criminal penalties for drug use and established the 16004: 15939: 15264: 15205: 15090: 14914: 14645: 14184: 14164: 14124: 14104: 14064: 14048: 14028: 13772: 13759: 13733: 13293: 13263: 13003: 12933: 12150: 11052: 10908: 10725:

Almanac of American Military History [4 volumes]: [4 volumes]

7177: 6635:

The Greatest-Ever Bank Robbery: The Collapse of the Savings and Loan Industry

5411: 5021:

Reagan's victory: the presidential election of 1980 and the rise of the right

4869: 4849: 4770: 4382: 4111: 3858: 3600: 3543: 3514:. To counter the influence of Cuba and the Soviet Union, Reagan launched the 3495: 3322: 3269: 3083: 3026: 2941: 2817: 2759: 2652:

taxes, and reducing some payments. These recommendations were enacted in the

2593: 2246: 2242: 2229: 2056: 1904: 1687: 1558: 1406: 1363: 1227: 1177: 766: 695: 198: 11039: 10702: 9492:"The Doctors World; A Recollection of Early Questions About Reagan's Health" 7527:. The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. 2002. Archived from 3978:

in 1986) granted the U.S. use of British airbases to launch the Libya attack

3376:, the Reagan administration provided overt and covert aid to anti-communist 2990:, a machine gun, is not a sporting weapon or needed for defense of a home." 1101:

for the first time since the 1950s, while Democrats retained control of the

942:" as a triangular battle among conservatives, traditional liberals, and the 15284: 15279: 15200: 15180: 15135: 15085: 15055: 15020: 14944: 14926: 14711: 14699: 14591: 14579: 14567: 14384: 14364: 14344: 13694: 13343: 13333: 13313: 13283: 12943: 12821: 12758: 10900: 10097: 9309: 8924:"Enabling a Dictator: The United States and Chad's Hissène Habré 1982–1990" 8692: 5657: 4896: 4853: 4841: 4833: 4797: 4773:

and his dispassionate response to a question regarding the death penalty.

4726: 4718: 4530: 4494: 4176: 4091: 4068: 4056: 3995: 3922: 3862: 3823: 3640: 3619:

During his second term, Reagan sought to find a way procure the release of

3157: 3090: 2983: 2933: 2910: 2846: 2829: 2706: 2643:

In 1981, OMB Director David Stockman won Reagan's approval to seek cuts to

2273: 2179: 2159: 1977: 1965: 1912: 1893: 1418: 1246: 1078: 1074: 1054: 1050: 1019: 1007: 865: 828: 722: 10429:

Presidential Courage: Brave Leaders and How They Changed America 1789–1989

7378:

First Along the River : a Brief History of the U.S. Environmental Movement

5596:"Reagan's Ratings: 'Great Communicator's' Appeal Is Greater in Retrospect" 2955:

Concerns about drug use prompted Congress to pass legislation such as the

848:. Specifically, the Reagan administration engaged in covert arms sales to 15303: 15298: 15289: 15274: 15249: 15235: 15100: 14896: 14806: 14705: 14603: 14324: 14308: 14304: 14288: 14268: 14144: 14128: 14108: 14008: 13273: 12800: 12788: 12776: 12613: 11854: 7077:

The Law of Church and State: Developments in the Supreme Court Since 1980

4845: 4602: 4572: 4536: 4500: 4158: 4110:

During his 1980 presidential campaign, Reagan proposed the creation of a

4034: 4018: 3878: 3846: 3816: 3757: 3741: 3721: 3596: 3511: 3484: 3449: 3337: 3309: 3141: 3098: 3022: 2949: 2914: 2702: 2261: 2209: 2151: 2079: 2036: 1884: 1866: 1844: 1663: 1332: 1258: 1058: 1035: 1003: 939: 845: 837: 777: 436: 116: 10857:

International Trade under President Reagan: US Trade Policy in the 1980s

10517: 10261: 7799: 4918: 3873: 935:

as a cohesive political force that gave strong support to conservatism.

15225: 15195: 15155: 15040: 14729: 14723: 14693: 14368: 14348: 14228: 14208: 13948: 13944: 12993: 12913: 12782: 12752: 12629: 12289: 10845:

The Peacemaker: Ronald Reagan, the Cold War, and the World on the Brink

10472: 10448: 10106: 8942: 7935: 7933: 5259: 5063: 4865: 4730: 4697: 4650: 4614: 4349: 3975: 3940: 3693: 3659: 3613: 3365: 3253: 2893:. Upon signing the act at a ceremony held beside the newly refurbished 2885:

in November 1986. The act made it illegal to knowingly hire or recruit

2278: 2220: 1782: 1577: 1537: 1480: 986: 913: 892: 714: 382: 6023:

Represents the national debt held by the public as a percentage of GDP

5034:

Media scandals: Morality and desire in the popular culture marketplace

2086:

in October 1987. Later that month, Reagan announced the nomination of

1964:

as attorney general in 1985. Regan frequently clashed with First Lady

836:, the first major overseas action by U.S. troops since the end of the 14932: 14328: 14248: 13353: 11785: 11522: 11515: 9589:. Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. January 7, 1989. Archived from 9260: 7525:"Towards an International History of the War in Afghanistan, 1979–89" 4378: 4151: 4080: 4064: 4003: 3944: 3850: 3624: 3523: 3507: 3313: 2998: 2269: 2019:

during his eight years in office. In 1981, he successfully nominated

11716:

Federal Employees Liability Reform and Tort Compensation Act of 1988

11044: 10364:"How Does Trump Stack Up Against the Best — and Worst — Presidents?" 7930: 6703:

Statement on Signing the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.

4890: 4055:

President Reagan meeting with South African anti-apartheid activist

2796:

aggressively deregulated the broadcasting industry, eliminating the

2738:", but the markets stabilized and recovered in the following weeks. 1999: 15989: 15210: 14717: 14388: 14244: 14148: 13527: 11508: 11339: 10968:

Foreign policy in the Reagan presidency: nine intimate perspectives

10848: 6574: 6572: 4800:

as the highest rating for a departing president in the modern era.

4754: 4644: 4608: 4566: 4309:

electoral gains, the election represented the first time since the

4187: 4154:. Reagan's health became a concern at times during his presidency. 3725: 3480: 3413: 3381: 3328: 3094: 2597: 1920: 1023: 947: 943: 824: 762: 9323: 7454:"A Primer on Executive Order 12333: The Mass Surveillance Starlet" 7404:

Environmental Politics : Stakeholders, Interests, and Policymaking

6676:"Congress tried to fix immigration back in 1986. Why did it fail?" 5645: 3156:

concerns, the president's national security team pressed for more

1124: 788:

increased significantly during Reagan's tenure. Reagan signed the

10779:(University Press of Kentucky, 2017), 319 pp. essays by scholars 10777:

Reagan and the World: Leadership and National Security, 1981–1989

9664: 9640: 9393:"Balancing the Budget and Politics; More Cancer on Reagan's Nose" 5957:. Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press. pp. 172–173. 4076: 3895: 3842: 3605: 3535: 3519: 3503: 3488: 3409: 3289: 3161: 853: 165: 12119: 11034: 10594:

Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush v. Gore

9893: 9891: 9628: 9281: 8101:

The Age of Reagan: The Conservative Counterrevolution: 1980–1989

6569: 5955:

The Reagan Presidency: Pragmatic Conservatism & Its Legacies

4317:

successfully defended a majority in either chamber of Congress.

3881:

with Reagan in a joint press conference at the White House, 1981

3651:

who would conduct a separate investigation, and the panel chose

2758:(PATCO), which consisted of federal employees, voted to go on a 10078: 9391:

Herron, Caroline Rand & Michael Wright (October 13, 1987).

8172: 8170: 6311: 6197: 6173: 6122: 5877: 5875: 5711: 5622: 5610: 5474:"With Kennedy's Retirement, the Supreme Court Loses Its Center" 3918: 3906:

undertook military action within Lebanon in 1982. After Israel

3899: 3829: 3595:

In 1979, a group of left-wing rebels in Nicaragua known as the

3003: 10769:

The Reagan Presidency: Pragmatic Conservatism and Its Legacies

9558:

Herron, Caroline Rand & Martha A. Miles (August 2, 1987).

8315:

Lebow, Richard Ned & Stein, Janice Gross (February 1994).

8014: 7734: 7732: 6782: 5887: 2940:," which saw a large number of individuals become addicted to 2146:

Reagan (center) waves just before he is shot on March 30, 1981

709:

on January 20, 1981, and ended on January 20, 1989. Reagan, a

12044: 10362:

Rottinghaus, Brandon; Vaughn, Justin S. (February 19, 2018).

10168: 9888: 8828: 8434: 8345:(in Russian). Brookings Institution Press. pp. 190–205. 8279: 8194: 8182: 8155: 8131: 8026: 7318: 3903: 3273: 3006:, and retrospectively for its response to the AIDS epidemic. 2987: 2680:

In an effort to lower the national debt, Congress passed the

12068:

Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act

11684:

Emergency Food Assistance and Soup Kitchen-Food Bank Program

10574:

The American President: From Teddy Roosevelt to Bill Clinton

10528:

From Colony to Superpower; U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776

10276:

Ronald Reagan and the 1980s: Perceptions, Policies, Legacies

9821: 9652: 8497: 8475: 8473: 8446: 8410: 8371: 8254: 8230: 8167: 8143: 7688: 7306: 7294: 7231: 7015:"THE NATION; Reagan's Social Issues: Gone but Not Forgotten" 6834: 6813: 6811: 6640: 6488: 6486: 6459: 6449: 6447: 6335: 5971:

The Tax Decade: How Taxes Came to Dominate the Public Agenda

5872: 5799: 5797: 5735: 5254:

John H. Kessel, "The structures of the Reagan White House."

5200: 753:. Reagan's 1980 landslide election resulted from a dramatic 11097: 10496:

Heclo, Hugh (2008). "The Mixed Legacies of Ronald Reagan".

9972: 9911:"National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789–Present" 8602: 8545: 8422: 8242: 7729: 7676: 7640: 7616: 7456:. San Francisco, California: Electronic Frontier Foundation 7282: 7152:

Reagan Sees An "Uphill Battle" For Prayer In Public Schools

7069: 7067: 6988: 5814: 5812: 5493: 5326: 3658:

The Tower Commission, chaired by former Republican Senator

3499: 3277: 2289:

cut the top marginal tax rate from 70% to 50%, lowered the

849: 9876: 9324:"What is the 25th Amendment and When Has It Been Invoked?" 8804: 8792: 8780: 8768: 8756: 8521: 8485: 8458: 8359: 8298: 8296: 8294: 8218: 8206: 8125:"United Nations General Assembly resolution 38/7, page 19" 8002: 7664: 7652: 7591: 7543: 7380:. 4th ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 7243: 7034: 6652: 6545: 6533: 6287: 5836: 5510: 5508: 5387: 5350: 5290: 5118: 4186:

In January 1987, Reagan underwent surgery for an enlarged

2260:

Outlining his plan for tax reduction legislation from the

840:. The administration also created controversy by granting 11040:

in-depth coverage by Miller Center at University Virginia

10614:

Exit with Honor: The Life and Presidency of Ronald Reagan

10301: 10289: 10192: 10156: 10121: 9984: 9925: 8533: 8470: 7628: 7567: 7555: 7219: 6808: 6607: 6557: 6483: 6444: 6432: 6382: 6370: 6323: 6299: 6221: 6209: 6161: 6151: 6149: 6134: 6110: 5934: 5922: 5848: 5824: 5794: 5773: 5723: 5362: 5338: 5314: 5302: 5278: 5224: 5212: 5188: 5154: 5142: 5130: 5008:

Rightward Bound: Making America Conservative in the 1970s

4201: 4194:

On January 7, 1989, Reagan underwent surgery to repair a

11816:

Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act

11047:

study guide, timeline, quotes, trivia, teacher resources

11017:"Reagan Among the Professors: His Surprising Reputation" 10066: 9758: 9365:"'Irritated Skin' is Removed from Side of Reagan's Nose" 8509: 7064: 6873: 6268:"U.S. to Reconsider Denial of Benefits to Many Disabled" 6185: 5992: 5809: 5528:"Remembering the Assassination Attempt on Ronald Reagan" 4381:

of Colorado, and African-American civil rights activist

4359:

largest landslide election victories in American history

3990:

was considered by the CIA to be, along with USSR leader

3934:, to serve as peacekeepers in Lebanon. In October 1983, 3811:. In December 1988, Gorbachev effectively renounced the 3224:

As the first U.S. president invited to speak before the

757:

in American politics, including a loss of confidence in

10787:

Ronald Reagan: Fate, Freedom, and the Making of History

10180: 9805:. Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. Archived from 9047:"House overrides Reagan apartheid veto, Sept. 29, 1986" 8873: 8816: 8291: 7579: 6471: 5505: 5416:"Rehnquist left Supreme Court with conservative legacy" 5236: 5081: 4765:, the liberal Governor of Massachusetts. Following the 4668: 4365:

victory, winning 525 electoral votes to 13 for Mondale.

3845:

and to place a wreath alongside West German Chancellor

3021:

With Reagan's support, conservative Republican Senator

2203: 2112:

Reagan appointed a combined total of 368 judges to the

1903:, a former general who had served as chief of staff to 11901:

Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985

9996: 8744: 8715: 8590: 8393:

Ronald Reagan And His Quest to Abolish Nuclear Weapons

7166:"High Court Accepts Appeal of 'Moment of Silence' Law" 6146: 5974:. Washington D.C.: The Urban Institute Press. p. 5860: 5747: 5448:"U.S. Senate: Supreme Court Nominations: 1789–Present" 1976:. Regan was replaced by former Senate Majority Leader 10830:(Palgrave Macmillan, 1990) essays by scholars; 252pp. 10700: 10274:

Heale, M.J. in Cheryl Hudson and Gareth Davies, eds.

9557: 8948: 8735:

Reagan Joins Kohl in Brief Memorial at Bitburg Graves

8697:"Pat Buchanan's Response to Norman Podhoretz's OP-ED" 5472:

Parlapiano, Alicia; Patel, Jugal K. (June 27, 2018).

5106: 3822:. The Cold War was unofficially declared over at the 12264:

Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine

11786:

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986

10038:"The Decline of Confidence in American Institutions" 9532:"President is Well after Operation to Ease Prostate" 9390: 7706: 7478:. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. 6765: 6356:"What Happened Last Time We Had a Budget Sequester?" 4886: 4114:

in North America. Once in office, Reagan signed the

3460: 2366:

Federal finances and GDP during Reagan's presidency

2214: 1968:, and he left the administration in the wake of the 922:

Ronald Reagan with a cowboy hat at Rancho Del Cielo.

12884: 11809:

Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act

10945:

Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State

10821:

On Bended Knee: The Press and the Reagan Presidency

9872:. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 126–135. 8389: 6947:

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

6526: 6524: 5548: 4868:argues that Reagan himself failed to roll back the 3599:overthrew the president of Nicaragua and installed 3133:scientists were far from a consensus on the topic. 2993: 2196:

Domestic policy of the Ronald Reagan administration

717:, took office following his landslide victory over 11980:Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services Waivers 11693:Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act 11050: 10976: 10784: 10547: 10426: 9613: 8047:"Military of U.S. 'Standing Tall,' Reagan Asserts" 6913: 3455:United States Agency for International Development 3194:Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration 772:Domestically, the Reagan administration enacted a 27:U.S. presidential administration from 1981 to 1989 10361: 6969:Gun Violence in America: The Struggle for Control 6853: 6851: 6849: 6820:"The Decline of Substance Use in Young Adulthood" 3140:in an effort to reduce emissions that damage the 2756:Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization 2104:List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan 1869:, who had run Bush's 1980 campaign, as his first 903: 16002: 12017:Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 11959:Interest and Dividend Tax Compliance Act of 1983 10766:Brownlee, W. Elliot and Hugh Davis Graham, eds. 10321:"S-SPAN 2017 Survey of Presidential Leadership" 8343:Collapse of an Empire: Lessons for Modern Russia 6521: 6498: 6243:. Reagan Presidential Foundation. Archived from 3216:to 26 different countries during his presidency. 3079:and the rights of churches and business owners. 2900: 2319:Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 2108:Ronald Reagan judicial appointment controversies 2015:Reagan made four successful appointments to the 1053:and President-elect Ronald Reagan with his wife 12075:Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988 11793:Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 10823:. New York, New York: Farrar Straus and Giroux. 10471: 10334: 10084: 9202:"Reagan Begins to Wear a Hearing Aid in Public" 9070:"Analysts differ on sanctions tie to apartheid" 9028:"The Deseret News – Google News Archive Search" 8117: 7500: 7367:. College Station: Texas A & M Univ. Press. 6425: 6423: 5471: 4717:Outgoing President Ronald Reagan with his wife 3299: 741:, he defeated former Democratic vice president 9775: 9773: 7008: 7006: 6846: 6817: 6745:"NIDA InfoFacts: High School and Youth Trends" 5952: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5690: 5520: 5006:Bruce J. Schulman and Julian E. Zelizer, eds. 4864:, and contributed to victory in the Cold War. 3136:In 1987, the Reagan administration signed the 2726:1987, Reagan appointed conservative economist 2162:were struck by gunfire from would-be assassin 875:Historians and political scientists generally 13543: 12870: 12135: 11467:Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act of 1983 11083: 10775:Coleman, Bradley Lynn and Kyle Longley, eds. 10705:(Report). Homeland Security Digital Library. 9833: 9450:Altman, Lawrence K., M.D. (October 5, 1997). 8691: 7887:"What Guilt Does the U.S. Bear in Guatemala?" 7777: 7503:"Ronald Reagan Address to British Parliament" 6971:. Northeastern University Press. p. 238. 6759: 6737: 6715: 5953:Brownlee, Elliot; Graham, Hugh Davis (2003). 4142:among the United States, Canada, and Mexico. 3198: 2974:On May 19, 1986, President Reagan signed the 2649:National Commission on Social Security Reform 676: 11952:Garn–St. Germain Depository Institutions Act 10925:President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination 10883:Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War Ended 10568: 10036:Lipset, Seymour Martin; Schneider, William. 9634: 9515:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 9475:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 9235:. United Press International. March 21, 1985 9090: 9088: 6695: 6669: 6667: 6578: 6420: 6402:"Commanding Heights, Paul Volcker Interview" 6317: 6265: 6203: 6179: 6128: 6098:. Office of Management and Budget. Table 7.1 6070:. Office of Management and Budget. Table 1.2 6042:. Office of Management and Budget. Table 1.1 5717: 5628: 5616: 5593: 5060:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 4977: 4975: 4973: 4693:Presidential transition of George H. W. Bush 4681:George H. W. Bush 1988 presidential campaign 4341:1984 Republican Party presidential primaries 4320: 4000:a bomb exploded in a West Berlin discothèque 3830:Honoring German war dead at Bitburg, Germany 3372:Under a policy that came to be known as the 3051:In 1982, Reagan signed a bill extending the 2982:, prohibiting the transfer or possession of 2802:Garn–St. Germain Depository Institutions Act 978:1980 Republican Party presidential primaries 63:January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989 16056:1989 disestablishments in the United States 15802:National Republican Congressional Committee 10983:. New York: Random House Value Publishing. 10826:Hill, Dilys M. and Raymond A. Moore, eds. 10807:The Eighties: America in the Age of Reagan. 10035: 9770: 9620:. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 9560:"The Nation; Cancer Found on Reagan's Nose" 9490:Altman, Lawrence K., M.D. (June 15, 2004). 7941:"Did Reagan Finance Genocide in Guatemala?" 7744: 7003: 6822:. The Regents of the University of Michigan 5759: 4071:. Reagan administration policy called for " 2047:In 1986, Reagan elevated Associate Justice 15892:High School Republican National Federation 13550: 13536: 13512: 12877: 12863: 12305:Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute 12142: 12128: 11779:Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986 11758:National Appliance Energy Conservation Act 11502:Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 11090: 11076: 10701:Joint Chiefs of Staff (January 17, 2017). 9229:"Reagan Begins Using A Second Hearing Aid" 9114: 8314: 6984:"The Record: President Reagan on Gun Bans" 6885: 6584: 4685:Michael Dukakis 1988 presidential campaign 4428: 4297: 3388:, ensuring that it stayed afloat during a 3272:. In response to Soviet deployment of the 2835: 2249:, who rejected the then-dominant views of 2011:in 1986; he served until his death in 2005 794:Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 683: 669: 42: 12054:Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act 11989:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 11973:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 11885:Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation 11553:Israel–United States Free Trade Agreement 11546:Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement 10611: 10590: 10424: 10391:"Scholars rate worst presidential errors" 10198: 10174: 10162: 10127: 10016:"Ronald Reagan restored faith in America" 9990: 9931: 9897: 9714:"Reaction to first Mondale/Reagan debate" 9299: 9085: 8834: 8539: 8479: 8440: 8285: 8200: 8188: 8161: 8137: 8066: 8032: 7989: 7634: 7573: 7561: 7363:Daynes, B. W., & Sussman, G. (2010). 7324: 7225: 7054:"Reagan Urges School 'Moment of Silence'" 7013:Roberts, Steven V. (September 11, 1988). 6664: 6613: 6563: 6504: 6465: 6341: 6191: 5998: 5881: 5818: 5741: 5442: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5206: 4970: 4749:, but privately supported Vice President 4136:Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement 4128:Israel–United States Free Trade Agreement 2691:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 2682:Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act 2614:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act 2186:momentum in passing his domestic agenda. 804:than any other president, including four 16051:1981 establishments in the United States 15985:Timeline of modern American conservatism 15817:Republican Attorneys General Association 15812:National Republican Senatorial Committee 11996:Railroad Retirement Solvency Act of 1983 11765:National Fishing Enhancement Act of 1984 11061:) is being considered for deletion. See 10722:Tucker, Spencer C. (November 21, 2012). 10660: 10641: 10454:President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime 10072: 9827: 9764: 9670: 9658: 9646: 9200:Weisman, Steven R. (September 8, 1983). 9000:Smith, William E. (September 16, 1985). 8892: 8890: 8888: 8515: 8503: 8452: 8416: 8396:. Random House Publishing. p. 133. 8377: 8260: 8236: 8176: 8149: 8072: 8045:Clines, Francis X. (December 13, 1983). 8020: 7694: 7585: 7549: 7417:White House Politics and the Environment 7391:White House Politics and the Environment 7312: 7300: 7249: 7237: 7073: 7040: 6879: 6840: 6770:. The University of Dayton School of Law 6646: 6590: 6551: 6539: 6477: 6438: 6388: 6305: 6155: 6140: 5967: 5899: 5893: 5866: 5854: 5803: 5779: 5753: 5694:Ronald Reagan and Conservative Reformism 5514: 5499: 5410: 5332: 5320: 5242: 5230: 5194: 5160: 5148: 5136: 4947:History of the United States (1980–1991) 4807: 4803: 4745:Reagan remained publicly neutral in the 4712: 4696: 4689:1988 United States presidential election 4348: 4331:1984 United States presidential election 4327:Ronald Reagan 1984 presidential campaign 4050: 4008: 3965: 3872: 3781: 3777:Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty 3687: 3578: 3470: 3359: 3219: 3208: 2997: 2920: 2904: 2745: 2255: 2141: 2138:Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan 2131: 1998: 1983: 1142:President Reagan and his cabinet in 1989 1130:President Reagan and his cabinet in 1981 1115:Presidential transition of Ronald Reagan 1044: 985: 968:1980 United States presidential election 964:Ronald Reagan 1980 presidential campaign 917: 415:Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty 32:Timeline of the Ronald Reagan presidency 15807:National Republican Redistricting Trust 11894:Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984 11844:Water Resources Development Act of 1988 11837:Water Resources Development Act of 1986 11647:Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 11232: 10879: 10782: 10683:The Age of Reagan: A History, 1974-2008 10679: 10545: 10524: 10186: 9978: 9530:Altman, Lawrence K. (January 6, 1987). 9199: 9120: 9002:"South Africa Reagan's Abrupt Reversal" 8846: 8822: 8650:(Texas A&M University Press, 2007). 8608: 8563: 8551: 8428: 8334: 8302: 8095: 7738: 7709:"The Reagan Doctrine: The Guns of July" 7682: 7646: 7622: 7428: 7288: 7164:Taylor, Stuart Jr. (January 28, 1987). 7012: 6966: 6891: 6766:Randall, Vernellia R (April 18, 2006). 6747:. National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH 6347: 6293: 5905: 5842: 5656: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5393: 5356: 5296: 5124: 5112: 5087: 3974:(here walking with President Reagan at 3123: 3069:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 2957:Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 2634:Aid to Families with Dependent Children 14: 16003: 15925:Republican National Coalition for Life 11619:Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act 11610:Office of National Drug Control Policy 10918: 10721: 10644:The Reagan Era: A History of the 1980s 10620: 10447: 10415: 10096: 10002: 9882: 9839: 9716:. PBS. October 8, 1984. Archived from 9529: 9489: 9449: 9253: 8898:"1986:US Launches air-strike on Libya" 8879: 8840: 8810: 8798: 8786: 8774: 8762: 8750: 8721: 8699:. The Internet Brigade. Archived from 8659: 8596: 8527: 8491: 8464: 8365: 8340: 8248: 8224: 8212: 8044: 8008: 7670: 7658: 7597: 7451: 7336: 7197: 7163: 6673: 6658: 6492: 6453: 6376: 6329: 6227: 6215: 6167: 6116: 5940: 5928: 5830: 5729: 5433: 5368: 5344: 5308: 5284: 5218: 4877:American Political Science Association 4812:Graph of Reagan's approval ratings in 4747:1988 Republican presidential primaries 4421:and Democrats retained control of the 4417:, Republicans retained control of the 4371:1984 Democratic presidential primaries 4202:Elections during the Reagan presidency 3677: 3529: 3400:forces against the Soviet Army in the 2969:Office of National Drug Control Policy 2814:Employment and Training Administration 2360: 1995:Ronald Reagan Supreme Court candidates 1028:1980 Republican presidential primaries 1006:. With the defeat of Ford by Democrat 1000:1976 Republican presidential primaries 16061:Cold War history of the United States 15867:Republican National Hispanic Assembly 13531: 12858: 12123: 12061:Surface Transportation Assistance Act 11800:The Emergency Food Assistance Program 11677:Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 11562:Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act 11071: 10974: 10871:Encyclopedia of the Reagan-Bush years 10763:(University of Missouri Press, 2009). 10495: 10307: 10295: 10236: 9867: 9795: 9611: 9418: 9173: 9044: 8999: 8885: 7750: 7261: 6353: 5906:Shapiro, Bernard M. (March 1, 1993). 5256:American Journal of Political Science 4838:The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers 4721:, Vice President and President-elect 4198:of the ring finger of his left hand. 3762:intermediate-range ballistic missiles 3562: 3467:Latin America–United States relations 3304:In March 1983, Reagan introduced the 2172:George Washington University Hospital 2082:in July 1987, but the nomination was 1945:. By 1982, National Security Advisor 998:from 1967 to 1975, narrowly lost the 864:, and the two leaders signed a major 13557: 11922:Extra-Long Staple Cotton Act of 1983 11633:Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 10905:My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan 9781:"1984 Presidential Election Results" 9362: 9045:Glass, Andrew (September 27, 2017). 7806: 7707:Stephen S. Rosenfeld (Spring 1986). 7482:from the original on August 15, 2023 7476:"Travels of President Ronald Reagan" 7200:"Voting Rights Act Signed by Reagan" 7157: 6894:"REAGAN SIGNS BILL TO CURB DRUG USE" 6892:Johnson, Julie (November 19, 1988). 6859:"Thirty Years of America's Drug War" 5577:"Donald Trump assassination attempt" 5574: 5399: 4963: 4788:, Democrats retained control of the 4669:1988 elections and transition period 3534:Tensions rose between the left-wing 3314:popular film series of the same name 3147: 1915:, a bank executive. Reagan selected 12163:40th President of the United States 11668:United States Sentencing Commission 11148: 10814:The presidents: A Reference History 9123:"U.S. Signs Trade Pact With Israel" 8849:"Libya: Fury in the Isolation Ward" 8847:Talbott, Strobe (August 23, 1982). 8648:Reagan at Bergen-Belsen and Bitburg 8127:. United Nations. November 2, 1983. 7990:Culpepper, Miles (March 24, 2015). 6981: 6923:. stopthedrugwar.org. June 11, 2004 6701:Reagan, Ronald. (November 6, 1986) 5172: 4767:1988 Democratic National Convention 4759:1988 Republican National Convention 4353:President Reagan defeated Democrat 4345:1984 Republican National Convention 4140:North American Free Trade Agreement 3962:1986 United States bombing of Libya 3802:. When Reagan visited Moscow for a 3766:intercontinental ballistic missiles 3364:Meeting with leaders of the Afghan 3182:government's intelligence community 2189: 1042:had the support of many moderates. 1032:1980 Republican National Convention 990:1980 Electoral College vote results 982:1980 Republican National Convention 819:. Its plan of action, known as the 340:40th President of the United States 72: 24: 15910:Republican Main Street Partnership 10962:(2018), 880pp; detailed biography. 10953:The End of the Cold War: 1985–1991 10928:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 10849:two scholarly book reviews online 10744: 10709:from the original on March 8, 2022 10393:. USA Today. AP. February 18, 2006 10139: 9363:Boyd, Gerald M. (August 2, 1985). 9121:Tolchin, Martin (April 23, 1985). 9097:"History of NAFTA and Its Purpose" 9094: 8622:"1989: Malta summit ends Cold War" 8564:Talbott, Strobe (August 5, 1991). 8274:American History: A Survey Vol. II 8073:Magnuson, Ed (November 21, 1983). 7429:Farivar, Cyrus (August 27, 2014). 6517:from the original on July 8, 2023. 4957:Ronald Reagan Presidential Library 4709:in the 1988 presidential election. 3343: 3214:Reagan made 24 international trips 3187: 3059:programs and the establishment of 2883:Immigration Reform and Control Act 2881:, which he signed into law as the 2765:Arizona copper mine strike of 1983 2654:Social Security Amendments of 1983 2053:Chief Justice of the United States 1778:United States Trade Representative 1097:, Republicans took control of the 25: 16077: 16016:Presidencies of the United States 15852:Congressional Hispanic Conference 12149: 12010:Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 11065:to help reach a consensus. › 11028: 10999: 10837:(Dutton, 2020) pp. 304–325. 9913:. United States Elections Project 9690:. October 4, 2004. Archived from 6674:Plumer, Brad (January 30, 2013). 6505:Leonhardt, David (July 7, 2023). 5101:Politics and Society in the South 4175:Former White House correspondent 4145: 3748:negotiations at the October 1986 3475:Reagan meets with Prime Minister 3461:Central America and the Caribbean 3228:(June 8, 1982), Reagan predicted 2925:Graph demonstrating increases in 2800:and other restrictions. The 1982 2794:Federal Communications Commission 2312: 2287:Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 2264:in a televised address, July 1981 2215:Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 1108: 910:Conservatism in the United States 15822:Republican Governors Association 14361:2020 (Charlotte/other locations) 13511: 13502: 13501: 12838: 12837: 12655:Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War 12421:"Let's make America great again" 12325: 12318: 11915:Expedited Funds Availability Act 11864:Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 11709:Emergency Wetlands Resources Act 11474:Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act 11459:We begin bombing in five minutes 10627:. New York: Simon and Schuster. 10510:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2008.02664.x 10383: 10355: 10328: 10313: 10268: 10230: 10204: 10133: 10090: 10029: 10008: 9959: 9937: 9903: 9861: 9732: 9706: 9684:"The Debate: Mondale vs. Reagan" 9676: 9605: 9579: 9551: 9523: 9483: 9443: 9419:Rouse, Robert (March 15, 2006). 9412: 9384: 9356: 9347: 9338: 9316: 9275: 9254:Friess, Steve (August 9, 2006). 9247: 9221: 9193: 9174:Peter, Josh (November 5, 2020). 9167: 9142: 9061: 9038: 9020: 8993: 8976: 8954: 8916: 8741:, Bernard Weinraub, May 6, 1985. 8727: 8685: 8668: 8653: 8640: 8614: 8557: 8383: 8308: 8266: 8089: 8038: 7983: 7958: 7912:"Gen Efraín Ríos Montt obituary" 7904: 7879: 7865:"Critics question Reagan legacy" 7857: 7832: 7814:"Foreign Affairs: Ronald Reagan" 7792:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2006.00288.x 7771: 7700: 7603: 7517: 7501:Reagan, Ronald. (June 8, 1982). 7494: 7468: 7445: 7422: 7409: 7396: 7383: 7370: 7357: 7330: 7255: 7198:Raines, Howell (June 30, 1982). 7191: 7154:. June 7, 1985, Chicago Tribune. 7144: 7119: 7094: 7046: 6975: 6960: 6935: 6921:"The Reagan-Era Drug War Legacy" 6818:Bachman, Gerald G.; et al. 6628: 6619: 5697:. Lexington Books. p. 113. 5575:Chen, Michelle (July 14, 2024). 5549:D'Souza, Dinesh (June 8, 2004). 4952:Premiership of Margaret Thatcher 4931: 4917: 4903: 4889: 4401:and the 40th anniversary of the 4096:Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act 3986:in 1981; by 1982, Libyan leader 3955: 3936:two nearly-simultaneous bombings 3448:for massacres of members of the 3082:No civil rights legislation for 2994:Social policies and civil rights 2868:Immigration to the United States 2067:. Reagan successfully nominated 1988: 1951:Ambassador to the United Nations 1809:Ambassador to the United Nations 1747:Director of Central Intelligence 1135: 1123: 957: 656: 650: 643: 182: 146: 12886:Presidents of the United States 12285:Presidential Library and Museum 12206:General Electric Showcase House 11871:Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 11011:contents free at many libraries 10241:The Journal of American History 8962:"A/RES/41/38 November 20, 1986" 8276:, p. 887, New York: McGraw-Hill 6790:"Interview: Dr. Herbert Kleber" 6394: 6266:Pear, Robert (April 19, 1992). 6259: 6233: 6082: 6054: 6026: 6017: 6004: 5961: 5946: 5785: 5684: 5650: 5634: 5587: 5568: 5542: 5465: 5382:Journal of Contemporary History 5374: 5265: 5248: 5166: 4118:, which granted the president " 4046: 4040:United Nations General Assembly 3553:United Nations General Assembly 3029:, but Republican senators like 2783: 2114:United States courts of appeals 2097: 1925:Office of Management and Budget 755:conservative shift to the right 30:For a chronological guide, see 15915:Republican Majority for Choice 15743:Steering and Policy Committees 11943:Dairy Export Incentive Program 10783:Diggins, John Patrick (2007). 10612:Pemberton, William E. (1997). 10498:Presidential Studies Quarterly 10408: 8682:, Don Shannon, April 19, 1985. 7780:Presidential Studies Quarterly 7406:. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge. 7343:. Akashic Books. p. 154. 6507:"How Elba Makes a Living Wage" 6358:. U.S. News & World Report 5273:Presidential Studies Quarterly 5093: 5068: 5052: 5039: 5026: 5013: 5000: 4438: 4205: 3868: 3764:) and strategic arms (such as 3716:, were a heavy burden for the 3692:Gorbachev and Reagan sign the 3575:Reagan administration scandals 3164:that the federal government's 2861: 2777:National Labor Relations Board 2602:Office of Economic Opportunity 904:Conservative shift in politics 703:president of the United States 13: 1: 15980:International Democracy Union 12038:Low-Income Housing Tax Credit 12024:Katie Beckett Medicaid waiver 11966:Internal Revenue Code of 1986 11908:Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 11878:Agriculture Mediation Program 11730:Hunger Prevention Act of 1988 11640:Coastal Barrier Resources Act 10847:(Penguin Random House, 2022) 10751:Bibliography of Ronald Reagan 10728:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 10646:. Columbia University Press. 10642:Rossinow, Douglas C. (2015). 10475:; Beschloss, Michael (2001). 10335:Andrew L. Johns, ed. (2015). 7452:Jaycox, Mark (June 2, 2014). 6354:Cline, Seth (March 1, 2013). 5912:Washington and Lee Law Review 5670:. pp. 106–108, 121–128. 5594:Langer, Gary (June 7, 2004). 4989: 4126:. In 1985, Reagan signed the 4105: 3318:Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 3113:abstinence-only sex education 2976:Firearm Owners Protection Act 2901:Criminal and anti-drug policy 2808:and allowed banks to provide 2806:savings and loan associations 2331:Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 2122:more than any other president 2118:United States district courts 1972:and Republican losses in the 898: 800:. Reagan also appointed more 12082:Video Privacy Protection Act 11936:Conservation Reserve Program 11539:Trade and Tariff Act of 1984 11444:Strategic Defense Initiative 11007:A Companion to Ronald Reagan 10457:. New York: Public Affairs. 10338:A Companion to Ronald Reagan 9967:A Companion to Ronald Reagan 8390:Paul Vorbeck Lettow (2006). 6637:by Martin Mayer (Scribner's) 5968:Steuerle, C. Eugene (1992). 5642:Public Administration Review 5099:Earl Black and Merle Black, 4994: 4675:1988 United States elections 4440:Congressional party leaders 4435:1986 United States elections 4337:1984 United States elections 4304:1982 United States elections 4208:Republican seats in Congress 4116:Trade and Tariff Act of 1984 4006:on ground targets in Libya. 3555:as "a flagrant violation of 3392:. Reagan deployed the CIA's 3306:Strategic Defense Initiative 3300:Strategic Defense Initiative 3073:Civil Rights Restoration Act 2816:. Secretary of the Interior 2626:Supplemental Security Income 2323:1982 congressional elections 2154:, Washington police officer 974:1980 United States elections 827:the global influence of the 7: 16011:Presidency of Ronald Reagan 15862:Republican Jewish Coalition 15777:Republican Governance Group 12171:33rd Governor of California 11751:Minerals Management Service 11603:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 11596:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 11099:Presidency of Ronald Reagan 11058:Presidency of Ronald Reagan 10960:Reagan: An American Journey 10597:. Oxford University Press. 10576:. Oxford University Press. 10546:Leffler, Melvyn P. (2007). 10531:. Oxford University Press. 10525:Herring, George C. (2008). 10425:Beschloss, Michael (2007). 10085:Cannon & Beschloss 2001 10045:Political Science Quarterly 9740:"1984 Presidential Debates" 9256:"He amplifies hearing aids" 7611:Quarterly Journal of Speech 7268:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 94. 7074:Ackerman, David M. (2001). 6967:DeConde, Alexander (2003). 6593:"Broadcasting Deregulation" 5010:(Harvard UP, 2008) pp 1–10. 4882: 4729:, and Vice President-elect 4373:were former Vice President 4122:" authority in negotiating 3635:and McFarlane's successor, 3394:Special Activities Division 3332:(both 1983), and the song " 3252:, directing funding to the 3180:broadened the power of the 2965:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 2961:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 2952:" drug awareness campaign. 2891:Mexico–United States border 2877:and Democratic Congressman 2771:bus driver strike, and the 2668: 2223:economic policies based on 2158:, and Secret Service agent 1919:, a young congressman from 1573:Secretary of Transportation 1073:, and promised to consider 737:. Four years later, in the 303:33rd Governor of California 240:Birthplace of Ronald Reagan 58:Presidency of Ronald Reagan 10: 16082: 16046:1980s in American politics 16041:1980s in the United States 15782:Republican Study Committee 12236:1969 People's Park protest 12231:Governorship of California 11744:Medical Waste Tracking Act 11737:Martin Luther King Jr. Day 11221:Presidential proclamations 10965:Thompson, Kenneth W., ed. 10886:. New York: Random House. 10791:. New York: W. W. Norton. 10748: 10703:"JP 3-0, Joint Operations" 10278:(2008) Palgrave Macmillan 9945:"A Look Back At The Polls" 8949:Joint Chiefs of Staff 2017 7757:. Atlantic Monthly Press. 6768:"The Drug War as Race War" 6708:December 31, 2006, at the 4778:1988 presidential election 4678: 4672: 4432: 4334: 4324: 4301: 4025:Britain's prime minister, 3959: 3885: 3833: 3681: 3572: 3566: 3516:Caribbean Basin Initiative 3464: 3424:leaders accused of severe 3353: 3347: 3250:United States Armed Forces 3202: 3199:Escalation of the Cold War 3191: 3061:Martin Luther King Jr. Day 2865: 2734:in October 1987 known as " 2696: 2207: 2204:"Reaganomics" and taxation 2193: 2135: 2101: 1992: 1840:Counselor to the President 1112: 994:Reagan, who had served as 971: 961: 907: 842:aid to paramilitary forces 751:1988 presidential election 739:1984 presidential election 735:1980 presidential election 329:1969 People's Park protest 245:Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home 29: 15957: 15920:Republican Liberty Caucus 15900: 15830: 15792: 15723: 15712: 15667: 15406: 15392: 15332: 14963: 14954: 14745: 14548: 14411: 13607: 13567: 13497: 13369: 12892: 12829:George H. W. Bush → 12816: 12743: 12686: 12502: 12391: 12370: 12361: 12334: 12316: 12258:Pre-presidential speeches 12253:Citizens for the Republic 12181: 12157: 12091: 11929:Food Security Act of 1985 11853: 11830:Water Quality Act of 1987 11654:Armed Career Criminal Act 11578: 11322: 11259:Joint session of Congress 11106: 10948:(1993), covers 1982–1989. 10819:Hertsgaard, Mark. (1988) 10591:Patterson, James (2005). 9840:Dionne, E.J. Jr. (1986). 9301:10.7205/milmed-d-14-00034 8317:"Reagan and the Russians" 7376:Kline, Benjamin. (2011). 7262:Shull, Steven A. (1999). 5770:Leuchtenburg, pp. 599–601 5644:55#3 (1995), pp. 247–53. 4959:, Simi Valley, California 4449: 4446: 4444: 4321:1984 re-election campaign 3710:collectivized agriculture 3107:. Though Surgeon General 2810:adjustable-rate mortgages 2581: 1936:national security advisor 1923:, as the Director of the 1838: 1834: 1807: 1803: 1776: 1772: 1745: 1741: 1702:Director of the Office of 1700: 1696: 1657: 1653: 1614: 1610: 1571: 1567: 1546: 1505: 1501: 1462: 1458: 1431: 1427: 1400: 1396: 1359:Secretary of the Interior 1357: 1353: 1314: 1310: 1283: 1279: 1242:Secretary of the Treasury 1240: 1236: 1209: 1205: 1186: 1167: 1151: 289:The boys of Pointe du Hoc 162: 142: 122: 110: 89: 79: 67: 54: 50: 41: 15690:Northern Mariana Islands 12524:Let Them Eat Jellybeans! 11772:Nuclear Waste Policy Act 11700:Toxics Release Inventory 11063:templates for discussion 10661:Weisberg, Jacob (2016). 10570:Leuchtenburg, William E. 10433:. Simon & Schuster. 9969:(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015). 9947:. CBS News. June 7, 2004 9673:, pp. 169–170, 176. 9649:, pp. 166–169, 173. 8075:"Getting Back to Normal" 7402:Miller, Norman. (2009). 6725:. pbs. org. May 10, 2001 4790:House of Representatives 4423:House of Representatives 3943:militant group known as 3696:at the White House, 1987 3487:about ongoing events in 3368:in the Oval Office, 1983 2917:rally at the White House 2741: 2630:earned income tax credit 2351:earned income tax credit 2040:, which had established 1552:Secretary of Housing and 1402:Secretary of Agriculture 1103:House of Representatives 473:Supreme Court candidates 191:This article is part of 12694:Namesakes and memorials 12678:"What would Reagan do?" 12599:The Day Reagan Was Shot 12570:The Dark Knight Returns 12562:A Mind Forever Voyaging 12310:Death and state funeral 12098:← Carter administration 11532:American Homecoming Act 11416:Constructive engagement 11179:Administration scandals 10975:Walsh, Kenneth (1997). 10621:Reagan, Ronald (1990). 10341:. Wiley. pp. 1–2. 10254:10.1093/jahist/96.3.933 9803:"The Reagan Presidency" 8566:"The Summit Goodfellas" 7337:Scheer, Robert (2006). 6943:"National Firearms Act" 6241:"The Reagan Presidency" 5691:Karaagac, John (2000). 5668:Oxford University Press 4862:American exceptionalism 4786:congressional elections 4739:White House Rose Garden 4429:1986 mid-term elections 4415:congressional elections 4298:1982 mid-term elections 4196:Dupuytren's contracture 4073:constructive engagement 3970:British Prime Minister 3809:Moscow State University 3621:seven American hostages 3426:human rights violations 3088:Communications Director 2980:Gun Control Act of 1968 2927:U.S. incarceration rate 2843:Savings and loan crisis 2836:Savings and loan crisis 2686:automatic spending cuts 2272:and Republican Senator 2268:Republican Congressman 2241:and Treasury Secretary 2168:Washington Hilton Hotel 1974:1986 mid-term elections 1507:Secretary of Health and 1095:congressional elections 1002:to incumbent President 868:agreement known as the 15772:Problem Solvers Caucus 12984:William Henry Harrison 12713:Ronald Reagan Building 12436:running mate selection 12248:Rockefeller Commission 12031:Tax Reform Act of 1986 11251:"Tear down this wall!" 11005:Johns, Andrew L., ed. 10880:Matlock, Jack (2004). 10680:Wilentz, Sean (2008). 10420:. New York: Doubleday. 10102:"Reagan's Real Legacy" 9965:Andrew L. Johns, ed., 9868:Busch, Andrew (1999). 9612:Busch, Andrew (1999). 9326:. History News Network 9004:. TIME. Archived from 8341:Gaidar, Yegor (2007). 7751:Crile, George (2003). 7725:on September 30, 2007. 7106:, 370 U.S. 421 (1962)" 6530:Patterson, pp. 157–158 5896:, pp. 97–98, 164. 5074:James Davison Hunter, 5062:(1982) 21#2: 123–131. 4817: 4742: 4710: 4366: 4060: 4031:United Nations Charter 4022: 3984:Gulf of Sidra incident 3979: 3882: 3794: 3697: 3592: 3491: 3438:president of Guatemala 3369: 3237: 3217: 3178:presidential directive 3121: 3007: 2929: 2918: 2858:seem minor episodes." 2751: 2355:gross national product 2343:Tax Reform Act of 1986 2265: 2147: 2084:rejected by the Senate 2012: 1659:Secretary of Education 1062: 996:Governor of California 991: 950:economic policies and 923: 815:stance was resolutely 790:Tax Reform Act of 1986 707:his first inauguration 510:Presidential campaigns 15857:Log Cabin Republicans 13214:Franklin D. Roosevelt 12277:States' rights speech 12271:"A Time for Choosing" 12107:Bush administration → 11661:Sentencing Reform Act 11569:Exon–Florio Amendment 11495:Executive Order 12333 11481:Goldwater–Nichols Act 11156:Judicial appointments 11142:Assassination attempt 10828:The Reagan Presidency 10812:Graff, Henry F., ed. 10757:Brandt, Karl Gerard. 10416:Brands, H.W. (2015). 9742:. CNN. Archived from 9154:www.reaganlibrary.gov 8987:July 1, 2009, at the 8703:on September 27, 2007 8272:Brinkley, A. (2009). 8085:on February 14, 2008. 8023:, pp. 73, 77–79. 7816:. PBS. Archived from 7613:72.4 (1986): 390–414. 7102:"U.S. Supreme Court: 6591:Donnelly, H. (1987). 5530:. CNN. March 30, 2001 5414:(September 4, 2005). 5275:32.3 (2002): 463–482. 5023:(UP of Kansas, 2005). 4832:, and an increase in 4811: 4804:Evaluation and legacy 4716: 4700: 4679:Further information: 4352: 4335:Further information: 4124:free trade agreements 4054: 4012: 3969: 3876: 3826:the following month. 3792: 3714:planned manufacturing 3691: 3583:Reagan receiving the 3582: 3502:on countries such as 3474: 3390:period of martial law 3363: 3280:'s deployment of the 3232:would end up on the " 3223: 3212: 3174:Executive Order 12333 3117: 3001: 2924: 2908: 2773:1985–86 Hormel strike 2749: 2675:early 1980s recession 2618:unemployment benefits 2610:school lunch programs 2259: 2225:supply-side economics 2183:assassination attempt 2145: 2132:Assassination attempt 2102:Further information: 2061:Edward Douglass White 2002: 1984:Judicial appointments 1875:Deputy Chief of Staff 1704:Management and Budget 1433:Secretary of Commerce 1048: 989: 972:Further information: 921: 908:Further information: 889:American conservatism 881:Franklin D. Roosevelt 782:supply-side economics 466:Judicial appointments 390:Assassination attempt 155:Seal of the president 15887:Republicans Overseas 15877:Teen Age Republicans 15680:District of Columbia 14081:1964 (San Francisco) 14041:1956 (San Francisco) 13577:National Union Party 13234:Dwight D. Eisenhower 12822:← Jimmy Carter 12463:"Morning in America" 12426:"There you go again" 11589:AIDS crisis response 11363:Soviet Union summits 10859:(Bloomsbury, 2023). 10855:La Barca, Giuseppe. 10212:"American President" 10142:"Iran-Contra Affair" 10100:(February 4, 2011). 9720:on February 18, 2001 9431:on November 23, 2012 8695:(November 5, 1999). 8578:on February 17, 2010 8251:, pp. 653, 674. 6408:. September 26, 2000 5384:53.2 (2018): 391–414 4911:United States portal 4784:. In the concurrent 4399:1984 Summer Olympics 3921:. American diplomat 3684:Cold War (1985–1991) 3378:resistance movements 3205:Cold War (1979–1985) 3124:Environmental policy 3016:desegregation busing 2978:, which amended the 2790:William Leuchtenburg 2754:In August 1981, the 2612:, and Medicaid. The 2325:. Compared to other 2251:Keynesian economists 1962:William French Smith 1947:William P. Clark Jr. 1438:Malcolm Baldrige Jr. 1376:William P. Clark Jr. 1321:William French Smith 1285:Secretary of Defense 1061:on November 20, 1980 780:", were inspired by 721:incumbent president 294:Tear down this wall! 15840:College Republicans 14261:2000 (Philadelphia) 14001:1948 (Philadelphia) 13961:1940 (Philadelphia) 13778:1900 (Philadelphia) 13687:1872 (Philadelphia) 13635:1856 (Philadelphia) 13587:Fourth Party System 13164:William Howard Taft 13084:Rutherford B. Hayes 12795:Nelle Wilson Reagan 12728:Ronald Reagan Trail 12699:U.S. Capitol statue 12548:(1983 comic series) 12532:U.S. Postage stamps 12468:"Bear in the woods" 12226:Political positions 11823:1982 VRA Amendments 11451:International trips 11423:Invasion of Grenada 11193:Impeachment efforts 11135:Second inauguration 11128:Release of hostages 10310:, pp. 562–563. 10298:, pp. 558–560. 10218:on October 11, 2014 10177:, pp. 160–161. 9981:, pp. 635–638. 9900:, pp. 220–225. 9885:, pp. 697–698. 9870:Horses in Midstream 9830:, pp. 173–174. 9661:, pp. 171–172. 9637:, pp. 620–621. 9616:Horses in Midstream 9080:The Free Lance-Star 8861:on November 7, 2012 8837:, pp. 200–201. 8813:, pp. 488–491. 8801:, pp. 394–395. 8789:, pp. 386–389. 8777:, pp. 382–385. 8765:, pp. 366–367. 8646:Richard J. Jensen, 8611:, pp. 898–899. 8554:, pp. 897–898. 8530:, pp. 682–685. 8506:, pp. 234–235. 8494:, pp. 676–677. 8467:, pp. 596–604. 8455:, pp. 228–230. 8443:, pp. 214–215. 8431:, pp. 895–896. 8419:, pp. 225–227. 8380:, pp. 225–226. 8368:, pp. 675–676. 8288:, pp. 211–212. 8263:, pp. 216–217. 8239:, pp. 202–204. 8227:, pp. 650–653. 8215:, pp. 646–649. 8203:, pp. 210–211. 8191:, pp. 209–210. 8179:, pp. 129–134. 8164:, pp. 208–209. 8152:, pp. 128–129. 8140:, pp. 207–208. 8035:, pp. 205–206. 8011:, pp. 350–357. 7741:, pp. 883–884. 7721:(4). Archived from 7697:, pp. 116–117. 7685:, pp. 869–870. 7673:, pp. 581–585. 7661:, pp. 725–726. 7649:, pp. 870–871. 7625:, pp. 868–869. 7600:, pp. 314–317. 7531:on October 11, 2007 7505:. The History Place 7327:, pp. 179–182. 7315:, pp. 212–214. 7303:, pp. 132–134. 7291:, pp. 185–186. 7240:, pp. 163–164. 7131:presidency.ucsb.edu 7080:. Nova Publishers. 6843:, pp. 122–124. 6681:The Washington Post 6661:, pp. 544–545. 6649:, pp. 158–159. 6581:, pp. 601–604. 6495:, pp. 668–671. 6468:, pp. 166–167. 6456:, pp. 452–453. 6429:Brands, pp. 317–319 6379:, pp. 221–222. 6344:, pp. 158–159. 6332:, pp. 346–347. 6320:, pp. 605–606. 6296:, pp. 149–150. 6230:, pp. 425–427. 6218:, pp. 300–303. 6206:, pp. 618–619. 6182:, pp. 615–616. 6170:, pp. 266–267. 6131:, pp. 594–595. 6119:, pp. 263–264. 6090:"Historical Tables" 6062:"Historical Tables" 6034:"Historical Tables" 5943:, pp. 542–544. 5931:, pp. 540–541. 5884:, pp. 162–163. 5845:, pp. 148–149. 5833:, pp. 346–349. 5744:, pp. 154–155. 5732:, pp. 271–272. 5720:, pp. 595–596. 5631:, pp. 598–599. 5619:, pp. 597–598. 5502:, pp. 116–117. 5396:, pp. 189–190. 5371:, pp. 645–649. 5359:, pp. 178–180. 5347:, pp. 472–474. 5335:, pp. 103–104. 5311:, pp. 376–381. 5299:, pp. 864–866. 5287:, pp. 246–248. 5221:, pp. 241–246. 5209:, pp. 149–151. 5127:, pp. 137–138. 4939:Conservatism portal 4823:Iran hostage crisis 4741:on November 9, 1988 4441: 4407:Alzheimer's disease 4210: 4181:Alzheimer's disease 4088:divestment campaign 3928:multinational force 3877:Egyptian President 3836:Bitburg controversy 3734:Jack F. Matlock Jr. 3678:End of the Cold War 3664:Iran–Contra scandal 3530:Invasion of Grenada 3442:Guatemalan military 3408:in the form of the 3234:ash heap of history 3170:counterintelligence 2873:Republican Senator 2719:economic inequality 2709:, the Chair of the 2684:, which called for 2367: 2361:Government spending 2219:Reagan implemented 2088:Douglas H. Ginsburg 2076:Lewis F. Powell Jr. 2051:to the position of 2021:Sandra Day O'Connor 1721:James C. Miller III 1616:Secretary of Energy 1602:James H. Burnley IV 1493:Ann Dore McLaughlin 1067:Iran hostage crisis 1049:Outgoing President 834:invasion of Grenada 454:international trips 395:Invasion of Grenada 274:A Time for Choosing 15872:Republicans Abroad 15737:Legislative Digest 14201:1988 (New Orleans) 14141:1976 (Kansas City) 14121:1972 (Miami Beach) 14101:1968 (Miami Beach) 13901:1928 (Kansas City) 13765:1896 (Saint Louis) 13752:1892 (Minneapolis) 13597:Sixth Party System 13592:Fifth Party System 13582:Third Party System 13154:Theodore Roosevelt 12626:(2011 documentary) 12545:Ed the Happy Clown 12352:The Reagan Diaries 12300:1989 trip to Japan 12211:668 St. Cloud Road 11430:Iran–Contra affair 11124:First inauguration 10942:Shultz, George P. 10911:. H. W. Brands in 10843:Inboden, William. 10369:The New York Times 10054:on August 22, 2016 9847:The New York Times 9593:on August 18, 2016 9565:The New York Times 9537:The New York Times 9496:The New York Times 9456:The New York Times 9425:American Chronicle 9398:The New York Times 9370:The New York Times 9233:The New York Times 9207:The New York Times 9128:The New York Times 9095:Amadeo, Kimberly. 8928:Human Rights Watch 8628:. December 3, 1984 8097:Hayward, Steven F. 8052:The New York Times 7891:The New York Times 7205:The New York Times 7170:The New York Times 7058:Lodi News-Sentinel 7020:The New York Times 6899:The New York Times 6723:"The War on Drugs" 6511:The New York Times 6273:The New York Times 5479:The New York Times 4818: 4743: 4711: 4705:defeated Democrat 4439: 4367: 4206: 4061: 4023: 4013:Chadian president 3980: 3898:in 1975, and both 3894:had broken out in 3883: 3795: 3775:. They signed the 3698: 3649:special prosecutor 3593: 3589:Iran–Contra affair 3569:Iran–Contra affair 3563:Iran–Contra affair 3492: 3370: 3238: 3226:British Parliament 3218: 3104:Bowers v. Hardwick 3057:affirmative action 3008: 2930: 2919: 2887:illegal immigrants 2752: 2732:stock market crash 2721:and the number of 2365: 2347:standard deduction 2307:Franklin Roosevelt 2266: 2148: 2126:Federalist Society 2013: 1970:Iran–Contra affair 1764:William H. Webster 1645:John S. Herrington 1469:Raymond J. Donovan 1464:Secretary of Labor 1450:William Verity Jr. 1211:Secretary of State 1152:The Reagan cabinet 1087:There you go again 1077:treaties with the 1063: 992: 924: 858:Iran–Contra affair 798:illegal immigrants 405:Iran–Contra affair 255:668 St. Cloud Road 16031:George H. W. Bush 15998: 15997: 15953: 15952: 15882:Young Republicans 15750:Senate Conference 15708: 15707: 15388: 15387: 13700:1876 (Cincinnati) 13525: 13524: 13304:George H. W. Bush 13254:Lyndon B. Johnson 13184:Warren G. Harding 13124:Benjamin Harrison 13104:Chester A. Arthur 13094:James A. Garfield 12954:John Quincy Adams 12904:George Washington 12852: 12851: 12723:Reagan Day Dinner 12718:Ronald Reagan Day 12666:(2020 miniseries) 12584:Land of Confusion 12538:Rap Master Ronnie 12498: 12497: 12117: 12116: 11488:Montreal Protocol 11318: 11317: 11309:1988 SOTU Address 11302:1987 SOTU Address 11295:1986 SOTU Address 11288:1985 SOTU Address 11281:1984 SOTU Address 11274:1983 SOTU Address 11267:1982 SOTU Address 11207:Executive actions 10951:Service, Robert. 10869:Levy, Peter, ed. 10865:978-1-350-27141-8 10735:978-1-59884-531-0 10693:978-0-06-074480-9 10686:. HarperCollins. 10672:978-0-8050-9728-3 10554:. Hill and Wang. 10538:978-0-19-507822-0 10481:. PublicAffairs. 9694:on April 16, 2007 9635:Leuchtenburg 2015 9353:Bumgarner, p. 204 9344:Bumgarner, p. 285 9288:Military Medicine 9008:on April 28, 2010 8680:Los Angeles Times 8352:978-5-8243-0759-7 8110:978-1-4000-5357-5 7552:, pp. 66–67. 7350:978-1-933354-01-9 7252:, pp. 42–43. 7087:978-1-59033-122-4 7043:, pp. 95–96. 6579:Leuchtenburg 2015 6542:, pp. 86–87. 6441:, pp. 88–90. 6391:, pp. 90–91. 6318:Leuchtenburg 2015 6308:, pp. 75–76. 6204:Leuchtenburg 2015 6180:Leuchtenburg 2015 6143:, pp. 58–60. 6129:Leuchtenburg 2015 5857:, pp. 62–63. 5806:, pp. 61–62. 5782:, pp. 48–49. 5718:Leuchtenburg 2015 5629:Leuchtenburg 2015 5617:Leuchtenburg 2015 5323:, pp. 81–82. 5233:, pp. 51–52. 5197:, pp. 27–28. 5163:, pp. 23–27. 5151:, pp. 61–63. 5139:, pp. 56–57. 5090:, pp. 23–24. 4964:Explanatory notes 4751:George H. W. Bush 4723:George H. W. Bush 4703:George H. W. Bush 4662: 4661: 4634: 4598: 4562: 4526: 4490: 4403:Normandy landings 4391:Geraldine Ferraro 4363:Electoral College 4295: 4294: 4166:colorectal cancer 4027:Margaret Thatcher 3994:and Cuban leader 3972:Margaret Thatcher 3813:Brezhnev Doctrine 3790: 3773:Washington Summit 3706:Mikhail Gorbachev 3557:international law 3526:and El Salvador. 3434:Efraín Ríos Montt 3402:Soviet–Afghan War 3380:in an effort to " 3356:Soviet–Afghan War 3276:, Reagan oversaw 3258:B-2 Spirit bomber 3154:national security 3148:Mass surveillance 3138:Montreal Protocol 3053:Voting Rights Act 2895:Statue of Liberty 2798:Fairness Doctrine 2596:programs such as 2589: 2588: 2327:midterm elections 2291:capital gains tax 2176:internal bleeding 2164:John Hinckley Jr. 2078:Reagan nominated 2049:William Rehnquist 2025:Associate Justice 2007:to the office of 2005:William Rehnquist 2003:Reagan appointed 1954:Jeane Kirkpatrick 1909:Caspar Weinberger 1863: 1862: 1826:Vernon A. Walters 1814:Jeane Kirkpatrick 1554:Urban Development 1514:Richard Schweiker 1290:Caspar Weinberger 1271:Nicholas F. Brady 1197:George H. W. Bush 1016:George H. W. Bush 929:Watergate scandal 885:wealth inequality 862:Mikhail Gorbachev 747:George H. W. Bush 698:'s tenure as the 693: 692: 208: 207: 173: 172: 133:George H. W. Bush 18:Reagan Revolution 16:(Redirected from 16073: 15755:Policy Committee 15731:House Conference 15721: 15720: 15404: 15403: 14961: 14960: 14381:2024 (Milwaukee) 14341:2016 (Cleveland) 14241:1996 (San Diego) 13941:1936 (Cleveland) 13881:1924 (Cleveland) 13661:1864 (Baltimore) 13561: 13560:Republican Party 13552: 13545: 13538: 13529: 13528: 13515: 13514: 13505: 13504: 13144:William McKinley 13134:Grover Cleveland 13114:Grover Cleveland 13074:Ulysses S. Grant 13024:Millard Fillmore 12974:Martin Van Buren 12924:Thomas Jefferson 12879: 12872: 12865: 12856: 12855: 12841: 12840: 12368: 12367: 12345:An American Life 12329: 12322: 12321: 12295:Reagan coalition 12216:Rancho del Cielo 12174: 12166: 12144: 12137: 12130: 12121: 12120: 12110: 12101: 12084: 12077: 12070: 12063: 12056: 12047: 12040: 12033: 12026: 12019: 12012: 12005: 11998: 11991: 11982: 11975: 11968: 11961: 11954: 11945: 11938: 11931: 11924: 11917: 11910: 11903: 11896: 11887: 11880: 11873: 11866: 11846: 11839: 11832: 11825: 11818: 11811: 11802: 11795: 11788: 11781: 11774: 11767: 11760: 11753: 11746: 11739: 11732: 11725: 11723:Grace Commission 11718: 11711: 11702: 11695: 11686: 11679: 11670: 11663: 11656: 11649: 11642: 11635: 11628: 11621: 11612: 11605: 11598: 11591: 11571: 11564: 11555: 11548: 11541: 11534: 11525: 11518: 11511: 11504: 11497: 11490: 11483: 11476: 11469: 11462: 11453: 11446: 11439: 11432: 11425: 11418: 11409: 11407:Governors Island 11402: 11393: 11386: 11379: 11372: 11365: 11356: 11349: 11342: 11335: 11311: 11304: 11297: 11290: 11283: 11276: 11269: 11262: 11254: 11246: 11230: 11229: 11223: 11216: 11214:Executive orders 11209: 11202: 11195: 11188: 11181: 11172: 11165: 11158: 11151: 11144: 11137: 11130: 11119: 11092: 11085: 11078: 11069: 11068: 10994: 10982: 10939: 10913:Reagan: The Life 10897: 10833:Holzer, Harold. 10802: 10790: 10739: 10718: 10716: 10714: 10697: 10676: 10657: 10638: 10624:An American Life 10617: 10608: 10587: 10565: 10553: 10542: 10521: 10492: 10468: 10444: 10432: 10421: 10418:Reagan: The Life 10403: 10402: 10400: 10398: 10387: 10381: 10380: 10378: 10376: 10359: 10353: 10352: 10332: 10326: 10317: 10311: 10305: 10299: 10293: 10287: 10272: 10266: 10265: 10234: 10228: 10227: 10225: 10223: 10214:. 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Archived from 8561: 8555: 8549: 8543: 8537: 8531: 8525: 8519: 8513: 8507: 8501: 8495: 8489: 8483: 8477: 8468: 8462: 8456: 8450: 8444: 8438: 8432: 8426: 8420: 8414: 8408: 8407: 8387: 8381: 8375: 8369: 8363: 8357: 8356: 8338: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8327: 8312: 8306: 8300: 8289: 8283: 8277: 8270: 8264: 8258: 8252: 8246: 8240: 8234: 8228: 8222: 8216: 8210: 8204: 8198: 8192: 8186: 8180: 8174: 8165: 8159: 8153: 8147: 8141: 8135: 8129: 8128: 8121: 8115: 8114: 8093: 8087: 8086: 8081:. Archived from 8070: 8064: 8063: 8061: 8059: 8042: 8036: 8030: 8024: 8018: 8012: 8006: 8000: 7999: 7987: 7981: 7980: 7978: 7976: 7962: 7956: 7955: 7953: 7951: 7937: 7928: 7927: 7925: 7923: 7908: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7883: 7877: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7861: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7850: 7836: 7830: 7829: 7827: 7825: 7820:on June 16, 2007 7810: 7804: 7803: 7775: 7769: 7768: 7748: 7742: 7736: 7727: 7726: 7704: 7698: 7692: 7686: 7680: 7674: 7668: 7662: 7656: 7650: 7644: 7638: 7632: 7626: 7620: 7614: 7607: 7601: 7595: 7589: 7583: 7577: 7571: 7565: 7559: 7553: 7547: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7521: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7498: 7492: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7472: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7461: 7449: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7426: 7420: 7413: 7407: 7400: 7394: 7387: 7381: 7374: 7368: 7361: 7355: 7354: 7334: 7328: 7322: 7316: 7310: 7304: 7298: 7292: 7286: 7280: 7279: 7259: 7253: 7247: 7241: 7235: 7229: 7223: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7212: 7195: 7189: 7188: 7186: 7184: 7161: 7155: 7150:George de Lama, 7148: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7123: 7117: 7116: 7114: 7112: 7098: 7092: 7091: 7071: 7062: 7061: 7060:. July 12, 1984. 7050: 7044: 7038: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7027: 7010: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6979: 6973: 6972: 6964: 6958: 6957: 6955: 6953: 6939: 6933: 6932: 6930: 6928: 6917: 6911: 6910: 6908: 6906: 6889: 6883: 6877: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6866: 6855: 6844: 6838: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6827: 6815: 6806: 6805: 6803:percent in 1991. 6799: 6797: 6786: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6763: 6757: 6756: 6754: 6752: 6741: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6730: 6719: 6713: 6699: 6693: 6692: 6690: 6688: 6671: 6662: 6656: 6650: 6644: 6638: 6632: 6626: 6623: 6617: 6611: 6605: 6604: 6602: 6600: 6588: 6582: 6576: 6567: 6561: 6555: 6554:, p. 87–88. 6549: 6543: 6537: 6531: 6528: 6519: 6518: 6502: 6496: 6490: 6481: 6475: 6469: 6463: 6457: 6451: 6442: 6436: 6430: 6427: 6418: 6417: 6415: 6413: 6398: 6392: 6386: 6380: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6351: 6345: 6339: 6333: 6327: 6321: 6315: 6309: 6303: 6297: 6291: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6263: 6257: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6237: 6231: 6225: 6219: 6213: 6207: 6201: 6195: 6189: 6183: 6177: 6171: 6165: 6159: 6153: 6144: 6138: 6132: 6126: 6120: 6114: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6103: 6086: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6075: 6058: 6052: 6051: 6049: 6047: 6030: 6024: 6021: 6015: 6008: 6002: 5996: 5990: 5989: 5965: 5959: 5958: 5950: 5944: 5938: 5932: 5926: 5920: 5919: 5903: 5897: 5891: 5885: 5879: 5870: 5864: 5858: 5852: 5846: 5840: 5834: 5828: 5822: 5816: 5807: 5801: 5792: 5789: 5783: 5777: 5771: 5768: 5757: 5751: 5745: 5739: 5733: 5727: 5721: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5688: 5682: 5681: 5654: 5648: 5638: 5632: 5626: 5620: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5591: 5585: 5584: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5546: 5540: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5524: 5518: 5512: 5503: 5497: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5486: 5469: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5444: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5408: 5397: 5391: 5385: 5378: 5372: 5366: 5360: 5354: 5348: 5342: 5336: 5330: 5324: 5318: 5312: 5306: 5300: 5294: 5288: 5282: 5276: 5269: 5263: 5258:(1984): 231–258 5252: 5246: 5245:, pp. 52, . 5240: 5234: 5228: 5222: 5216: 5210: 5204: 5198: 5192: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5170: 5164: 5158: 5152: 5146: 5140: 5134: 5128: 5122: 5116: 5110: 5104: 5097: 5091: 5085: 5079: 5072: 5066: 5056: 5050: 5043: 5037: 5036:(1997) pp. 1–33. 5030: 5024: 5017: 5011: 5004: 4983: 4979: 4941: 4936: 4935: 4934: 4927: 4922: 4921: 4913: 4908: 4907: 4906: 4899: 4894: 4893: 4632: 4596: 4560: 4524: 4488: 4442: 4315:Republican Party 4211: 3911:Southern Lebanon 3791: 3750:Reykjavík Summit 3712:and inefficient 3700:Three different 3645:Tower Commission 3633:Robert McFarlane 3610:Boland Amendment 3585:Tower Commission 3436:. Montt was the 3282:Pershing missile 3230:Marxism-Leninism 3046:on school prayer 2628:, Medicaid, the 2392:Debt as a % 2368: 2364: 2190:Domestic affairs 2156:Thomas Delahanty 1943:George P. Shultz 1932:William J. Casey 1752:William J. Casey 1621:James B. Edwards 1526:Margaret Heckler 1316:Attorney General 1149: 1148: 1139: 1127: 1040:John B. Anderson 952:machine politics 731:John B. Anderson 685: 678: 671: 660: 654: 653: 647: 400:Bombing of Libya 250:Rancho del Cielo 204: 203: 201: 194: 186: 179: 178: 175: 174: 169: 168: 150: 61: 59: 46: 39: 38: 21: 16081: 16080: 16076: 16075: 16074: 16072: 16071: 16070: 16001: 16000: 15999: 15994: 15949: 15902: 15896: 15832: 15826: 15794: 15788: 15715: 15704: 15663: 15399: 15397: 15384: 15333:Chair elections 15328: 14950: 14849:D. B. Henderson 14837:T. J. Henderson 14762: 14759: 14757: 14752: 14748: 14741: 14559: 14556: 14554: 14551: 14544: 14417:administrations 14415: 14407: 14301:2008 (St. Paul) 14281:2004 (New York) 13626: 13623: 13621: 13617: 13614: 13610: 13603: 13563: 13559: 13556: 13526: 13521: 13493: 13419:F. D. Roosevelt 13371: 13365: 13364: 13363: 13244:John F. Kennedy 13224:Harry S. Truman 13194:Calvin Coolidge 13054:Abraham Lincoln 13034:Franklin Pierce 12894: 12888: 12883: 12853: 12848: 12812: 12739: 12682: 12577:film adaptation 12505: 12494: 12387: 12357: 12330: 12324: 12323: 12319: 12314: 12183: 12177: 12169: 12161: 12153: 12148: 12118: 12113: 12104: 12095: 12087: 12080: 12073: 12066: 12059: 12052: 12043: 12036: 12029: 12022: 12015: 12008: 12003:Reagan tax cuts 12001: 11994: 11987: 11978: 11971: 11964: 11957: 11950: 11941: 11934: 11927: 11920: 11913: 11906: 11899: 11892: 11883: 11876: 11869: 11862: 11855:Economic policy 11849: 11842: 11835: 11828: 11821: 11814: 11807: 11798: 11791: 11784: 11777: 11770: 11763: 11756: 11749: 11742: 11735: 11728: 11721: 11714: 11707: 11698: 11691: 11682: 11675: 11666: 11659: 11652: 11645: 11638: 11631: 11626:Cannabis policy 11624: 11617: 11608: 11601: 11594: 11587: 11580:Domestic policy 11574: 11567: 11560: 11551: 11544: 11537: 11530: 11521: 11514: 11507: 11500: 11493: 11486: 11479: 11472: 11465: 11456: 11449: 11442: 11435: 11428: 11421: 11414: 11405: 11398: 11389: 11382: 11375: 11368: 11361: 11352: 11345: 11338: 11333:Reagan Doctrine 11331: 11314: 11307: 11300: 11293: 11286: 11279: 11272: 11265: 11257: 11249: 11241: 11228: 11219: 11212: 11205: 11200:Opinion polling 11198: 11191: 11186:Bush transition 11184: 11177: 11168: 11161: 11154: 11147: 11140: 11133: 11122: 11115: 11102: 11096: 11066: 11031: 11024:right-wingers." 11002: 10997: 10991: 10936: 10920:Reeves, Richard 10894: 10799: 10753: 10747: 10745:Further reading 10742: 10736: 10712: 10710: 10694: 10673: 10665:. Times Books. 10654: 10635: 10605: 10584: 10562: 10539: 10489: 10465: 10441: 10411: 10406: 10396: 10394: 10389: 10388: 10384: 10374: 10372: 10360: 10356: 10349: 10333: 10329: 10318: 10314: 10306: 10302: 10294: 10290: 10273: 10269: 10235: 10231: 10221: 10219: 10210: 10209: 10205: 10197: 10193: 10185: 10181: 10173: 10169: 10161: 10157: 10147: 10145: 10140:Gilman, Larry. 10138: 10134: 10126: 10122: 10112: 10110: 10095: 10091: 10083: 10079: 10071: 10067: 10057: 10055: 10051: 10040: 10034: 10030: 10020: 10018: 10014: 10013: 10009: 10001: 9997: 9989: 9985: 9977: 9973: 9964: 9960: 9950: 9948: 9943: 9942: 9938: 9930: 9926: 9916: 9914: 9909: 9908: 9904: 9896: 9889: 9881: 9877: 9866: 9862: 9852: 9850: 9838: 9834: 9826: 9822: 9812: 9810: 9809:on May 17, 2008 9801: 9800: 9796: 9786: 9784: 9779: 9778: 9771: 9763: 9759: 9749: 9747: 9738: 9737: 9733: 9723: 9721: 9712: 9711: 9707: 9697: 9695: 9688:National Review 9682: 9681: 9677: 9669: 9665: 9657: 9653: 9645: 9641: 9633: 9629: 9610: 9606: 9596: 9594: 9585: 9584: 9580: 9570: 9568: 9556: 9552: 9542: 9540: 9528: 9524: 9508: 9507: 9500: 9498: 9488: 9484: 9468: 9467: 9460: 9458: 9448: 9444: 9434: 9432: 9417: 9413: 9403: 9401: 9389: 9385: 9375: 9373: 9361: 9357: 9352: 9348: 9343: 9339: 9329: 9327: 9322: 9321: 9317: 9280: 9276: 9266: 9264: 9252: 9248: 9238: 9236: 9227: 9226: 9222: 9212: 9210: 9198: 9194: 9184: 9182: 9172: 9168: 9158: 9156: 9148: 9147: 9143: 9133: 9131: 9119: 9115: 9105: 9103: 9093: 9086: 9082:(July 11, 1991) 9074:news.google.com 9068: 9066: 9062: 9052: 9050: 9043: 9039: 9032:news.google.com 9026: 9025: 9021: 9011: 9009: 8998: 8994: 8989:Wayback Machine 8981: 8977: 8967: 8965: 8960: 8959: 8955: 8947: 8943: 8933: 8931: 8930:. June 28, 2016 8922: 8921: 8917: 8907: 8905: 8896: 8895: 8886: 8882:, p. 2102. 8878: 8874: 8864: 8862: 8845: 8841: 8833: 8829: 8821: 8817: 8809: 8805: 8797: 8793: 8785: 8781: 8773: 8769: 8761: 8757: 8749: 8745: 8732: 8728: 8720: 8716: 8706: 8704: 8690: 8686: 8673: 8669: 8658: 8654: 8645: 8641: 8631: 8629: 8620: 8619: 8615: 8607: 8603: 8595: 8591: 8581: 8579: 8562: 8558: 8550: 8546: 8538: 8534: 8526: 8522: 8514: 8510: 8502: 8498: 8490: 8486: 8478: 8471: 8463: 8459: 8451: 8447: 8439: 8435: 8427: 8423: 8415: 8411: 8404: 8388: 8384: 8376: 8372: 8364: 8360: 8353: 8339: 8335: 8325: 8323: 8313: 8309: 8301: 8292: 8284: 8280: 8271: 8267: 8259: 8255: 8247: 8243: 8235: 8231: 8223: 8219: 8211: 8207: 8199: 8195: 8187: 8183: 8175: 8168: 8160: 8156: 8148: 8144: 8136: 8132: 8123: 8122: 8118: 8111: 8103:. Crown Forum. 8094: 8090: 8071: 8067: 8057: 8055: 8043: 8039: 8031: 8027: 8019: 8015: 8007: 8003: 7988: 7984: 7974: 7972: 7964: 7963: 7959: 7949: 7947: 7939: 7938: 7931: 7921: 7919: 7918:. April 2, 2018 7910: 7909: 7905: 7895: 7893: 7885: 7884: 7880: 7870: 7868: 7863: 7862: 7858: 7848: 7846: 7838: 7837: 7833: 7823: 7821: 7812: 7811: 7807: 7776: 7772: 7765: 7749: 7745: 7737: 7730: 7714:Foreign Affairs 7705: 7701: 7693: 7689: 7681: 7677: 7669: 7665: 7657: 7653: 7645: 7641: 7633: 7629: 7621: 7617: 7608: 7604: 7596: 7592: 7584: 7580: 7576:, pp. 205. 7572: 7568: 7560: 7556: 7548: 7544: 7534: 7532: 7523: 7522: 7518: 7508: 7506: 7499: 7495: 7485: 7483: 7474: 7473: 7469: 7459: 7457: 7450: 7446: 7436: 7434: 7427: 7423: 7414: 7410: 7401: 7397: 7388: 7384: 7375: 7371: 7362: 7358: 7351: 7335: 7331: 7323: 7319: 7311: 7307: 7299: 7295: 7287: 7283: 7276: 7260: 7256: 7248: 7244: 7236: 7232: 7224: 7220: 7210: 7208: 7196: 7192: 7182: 7180: 7162: 7158: 7149: 7145: 7135: 7133: 7125: 7124: 7120: 7110: 7108: 7104:Engel v. Vitale 7100: 7099: 7095: 7088: 7072: 7065: 7052: 7051: 7047: 7039: 7035: 7025: 7023: 7011: 7004: 6994: 6992: 6982:Maxwell, Mark. 6980: 6976: 6965: 6961: 6951: 6949: 6941: 6940: 6936: 6926: 6924: 6919: 6918: 6914: 6904: 6902: 6890: 6886: 6878: 6874: 6864: 6862: 6857: 6856: 6847: 6839: 6835: 6825: 6823: 6816: 6809: 6795: 6793: 6788: 6787: 6783: 6773: 6771: 6764: 6760: 6750: 6748: 6743: 6742: 6738: 6728: 6726: 6721: 6720: 6716: 6710:Wayback Machine 6700: 6696: 6686: 6684: 6672: 6665: 6657: 6653: 6645: 6641: 6633: 6629: 6624: 6620: 6612: 6608: 6598: 6596: 6589: 6585: 6577: 6570: 6562: 6558: 6550: 6546: 6538: 6534: 6529: 6522: 6503: 6499: 6491: 6484: 6476: 6472: 6464: 6460: 6452: 6445: 6437: 6433: 6428: 6421: 6411: 6409: 6400: 6399: 6395: 6387: 6383: 6375: 6371: 6361: 6359: 6352: 6348: 6340: 6336: 6328: 6324: 6316: 6312: 6304: 6300: 6292: 6288: 6278: 6276: 6264: 6260: 6250: 6248: 6247:on May 17, 2008 6239: 6238: 6234: 6226: 6222: 6214: 6210: 6202: 6198: 6190: 6186: 6178: 6174: 6166: 6162: 6154: 6147: 6139: 6135: 6127: 6123: 6115: 6111: 6101: 6099: 6088: 6087: 6083: 6073: 6071: 6060: 6059: 6055: 6045: 6043: 6032: 6031: 6027: 6022: 6018: 6009: 6005: 5997: 5993: 5986: 5966: 5962: 5951: 5947: 5939: 5935: 5927: 5923: 5904: 5900: 5892: 5888: 5880: 5873: 5865: 5861: 5853: 5849: 5841: 5837: 5829: 5825: 5817: 5810: 5802: 5795: 5790: 5786: 5778: 5774: 5769: 5760: 5752: 5748: 5740: 5736: 5728: 5724: 5716: 5712: 5705: 5689: 5685: 5678: 5655: 5651: 5639: 5635: 5627: 5623: 5615: 5611: 5601: 5599: 5592: 5588: 5573: 5569: 5559: 5557: 5555:National Review 5547: 5543: 5533: 5531: 5526: 5525: 5521: 5513: 5506: 5498: 5494: 5484: 5482: 5470: 5466: 5456: 5454: 5446: 5445: 5434: 5424: 5422: 5409: 5400: 5392: 5388: 5379: 5375: 5367: 5363: 5355: 5351: 5343: 5339: 5331: 5327: 5319: 5315: 5307: 5303: 5295: 5291: 5283: 5279: 5270: 5266: 5253: 5249: 5241: 5237: 5229: 5225: 5217: 5213: 5205: 5201: 5193: 5189: 5179: 5177: 5173:Schulte, Bret. 5171: 5167: 5159: 5155: 5147: 5143: 5135: 5131: 5123: 5119: 5115:, pp. 4–7. 5111: 5107: 5098: 5094: 5086: 5082: 5073: 5069: 5057: 5053: 5047:Rightward bound 5044: 5040: 5031: 5027: 5018: 5014: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4986: 4980: 4971: 4966: 4937: 4932: 4930: 4925:Politics portal 4923: 4916: 4909: 4904: 4902: 4895: 4888: 4885: 4806: 4763:Michael Dukakis 4707:Michael Dukakis 4695: 4677: 4671: 4447:Senate leaders 4437: 4431: 4347: 4333: 4325:Main articles: 4323: 4306: 4300: 4204: 4148: 4108: 4049: 3992:Leonid Brezhnev 3988:Muammar Gaddafi 3964: 3958: 3950:Powell Doctrine 3888: 3871: 3838: 3832: 3782: 3686: 3680: 3637:John Poindexter 3577: 3571: 3565: 3532: 3477:Eugenia Charles 3469: 3463: 3374:Reagan Doctrine 3358: 3352: 3350:Reagan Doctrine 3346: 3344:Reagan Doctrine 3302: 3292:". Unlike the " 3262:cruise missiles 3242:Soviet invasion 3207: 3201: 3196: 3190: 3188:Foreign affairs 3150: 3126: 3109:C. Everett Koop 3065:federal holiday 3041:Engel v. Vitale 3035:Barry Goldwater 2996: 2903: 2870: 2864: 2856:Credit Mobilier 2838: 2786: 2744: 2711:Federal Reserve 2699: 2671: 2645:Social Security 2393: 2383: 2372: 2363: 2315: 2239:Calvin Coolidge 2233:philosophy and 2227:, advocating a 2217: 2212: 2206: 2198: 2192: 2140: 2134: 2110: 2100: 2092:Anthony Kennedy 2065:Harlan F. Stone 2032:Christian right 1997: 1991: 1986: 1859:1985–1989 1849:1981–1985 1830:1985–1989 1818:1981–1985 1799:1985–1989 1795:Clayton Yeutter 1787:1981–1985 1768:1987–1989 1756:1981–1987 1737:1988–1989 1725:1985–1988 1713:1981–1985 1703: 1692:1988–1989 1680:1985–1988 1676:William Bennett 1668:1981–1984 1649:1985–1989 1637:1982–1985 1633:Donald P. Hodel 1625:1981–1982 1606:1987–1989 1594:1983–1987 1582:1981–1983 1563:1981–1989 1553: 1542:1985–1989 1530:1983–1985 1518:1981–1983 1508: 1497:1987–1989 1485:1985–1987 1473:1981–1985 1454:1987–1989 1442:1981–1987 1423:1986–1989 1411:1981–1986 1392:1985–1989 1388:Donald P. Hodel 1380:1983–1985 1368:1981–1983 1349:1988–1989 1345:Dick Thornburgh 1337:1985–1988 1325:1981–1985 1306:1987–1989 1294:1981–1987 1275:1988–1989 1263:1985–1988 1251:1981–1985 1232:1982–1989 1220:1981–1982 1201:1981–1989 1182:1981–1989 1147: 1146: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1140: 1132: 1131: 1128: 1117: 1111: 1071:Social Security 984: 970: 962:Main articles: 960: 933:religious right 916: 906: 901: 821:Reagan Doctrine 689: 651: 648: 641: 640: 639: 608: 604: 603: 602: 512: 506: 505: 504: 468: 462: 461: 460: 449:Reagan Doctrine 427: 421: 420: 419: 385: 379: 378: 377: 341: 337: 336: 335: 304: 300: 299: 298: 269: 263: 262: 261: 217: 213: 199: 197: 196: 195: 192: 190: 166:Library website 164: 163: 158: 157: 152: 151: 138: 137: 136: 130: 106: 62: 57: 55: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16079: 16069: 16068: 16063: 16058: 16053: 16048: 16043: 16038: 16033: 16028: 16023: 16018: 16013: 15996: 15995: 15993: 15992: 15987: 15982: 15977: 15972: 15967: 15961: 15959: 15955: 15954: 15951: 15950: 15948: 15947: 15942: 15937: 15935:Liberty Caucus 15932: 15930:ConservAmerica 15927: 15922: 15917: 15912: 15906: 15904: 15898: 15897: 15895: 15894: 15889: 15884: 15879: 15874: 15869: 15864: 15859: 15854: 15849: 15848: 15847: 15836: 15834: 15828: 15827: 15825: 15824: 15819: 15814: 15809: 15804: 15798: 15796: 15790: 15789: 15787: 15786: 15785: 15784: 15779: 15774: 15769: 15767:Freedom Caucus 15759: 15758: 15757: 15747: 15746: 15745: 15740: 15727: 15725: 15718: 15710: 15709: 15706: 15705: 15703: 15702: 15700:Virgin Islands 15697: 15692: 15687: 15682: 15677: 15675:American Samoa 15671: 15669: 15665: 15664: 15662: 15661: 15656: 15651: 15646: 15641: 15636: 15631: 15626: 15621: 15616: 15611: 15609:South Carolina 15606: 15601: 15596: 15591: 15586: 15581: 15576: 15574:North Carolina 15571: 15566: 15561: 15556: 15551: 15546: 15541: 15536: 15531: 15526: 15521: 15516: 15511: 15506: 15501: 15496: 15491: 15486: 15481: 15476: 15471: 15466: 15461: 15456: 15451: 15446: 15441: 15436: 15431: 15426: 15421: 15416: 15410: 15408: 15401: 15390: 15389: 15386: 15385: 15383: 15382: 15377: 15372: 15367: 15362: 15357: 15352: 15347: 15342: 15336: 15334: 15330: 15329: 15327: 15326: 15321: 15316: 15311: 15306: 15301: 15292: 15287: 15282: 15277: 15272: 15267: 15262: 15257: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15233: 15228: 15223: 15218: 15213: 15208: 15203: 15198: 15193: 15188: 15183: 15178: 15173: 15168: 15163: 15158: 15153: 15148: 15143: 15138: 15133: 15128: 15123: 15118: 15113: 15108: 15103: 15098: 15093: 15088: 15083: 15078: 15073: 15068: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15018: 15013: 15008: 15003: 14998: 14993: 14988: 14983: 14978: 14973: 14967: 14965: 14958: 14952: 14951: 14949: 14948: 14942: 14936: 14930: 14924: 14918: 14912: 14906: 14900: 14894: 14888: 14882: 14876: 14870: 14864: 14858: 14852: 14846: 14840: 14834: 14828: 14822: 14816: 14810: 14804: 14798: 14792: 14786: 14780: 14774: 14767: 14765: 14743: 14742: 14740: 14739: 14733: 14727: 14721: 14715: 14709: 14703: 14697: 14691: 14685: 14679: 14673: 14667: 14661: 14655: 14649: 14643: 14637: 14631: 14625: 14619: 14613: 14607: 14601: 14595: 14589: 14583: 14577: 14571: 14564: 14562: 14546: 14545: 14543: 14542: 14536: 14530: 14524: 14518: 14512: 14506: 14500: 14494: 14488: 14482: 14476: 14470: 14464: 14458: 14452: 14446: 14440: 14434: 14428: 14421: 14419: 14409: 14408: 14406: 14405: 14402:2028 (Houston) 14398: 14397: 14396: 14378: 14377: 14376: 14358: 14357: 14356: 14338: 14337: 14336: 14318: 14317: 14316: 14298: 14297: 14296: 14278: 14277: 14276: 14258: 14257: 14256: 14238: 14237: 14236: 14221:1992 (Houston) 14218: 14217: 14216: 14198: 14197: 14196: 14178: 14177: 14176: 14161:1980 (Detroit) 14158: 14157: 14156: 14138: 14137: 14136: 14118: 14117: 14116: 14098: 14097: 14096: 14078: 14077: 14076: 14061:1960 (Chicago) 14058: 14057: 14056: 14038: 14037: 14036: 14021:1952 (Chicago) 14018: 14017: 14016: 13998: 13997: 13996: 13981:1944 (Chicago) 13978: 13977: 13976: 13958: 13957: 13956: 13938: 13937: 13936: 13921:1932 (Chicago) 13918: 13917: 13916: 13898: 13897: 13896: 13878: 13877: 13876: 13861:1920 (Chicago) 13858: 13857: 13856: 13841:1916 (Chicago) 13838: 13837: 13836: 13817:1912 (Chicago) 13814: 13804:1908 (Chicago) 13801: 13791:1904 (Chicago) 13788: 13775: 13762: 13749: 13739:1888 (Chicago) 13736: 13726:1884 (Chicago) 13723: 13713:1880 (Chicago) 13710: 13697: 13684: 13674:1868 (Chicago) 13671: 13658: 13648:1860 (Chicago) 13645: 13631: 13629: 13605: 13604: 13602: 13601: 13600: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13568: 13565: 13564: 13555: 13554: 13547: 13540: 13532: 13523: 13522: 13520: 13519: 13509: 13498: 13495: 13494: 13492: 13491: 13486: 13481: 13476: 13471: 13466: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13381: 13375: 13373: 13367: 13366: 13362: 13361: 13351: 13341: 13331: 13324:George W. Bush 13321: 13311: 13301: 13291: 13281: 13271: 13261: 13251: 13241: 13231: 13221: 13211: 13204:Herbert Hoover 13201: 13191: 13181: 13174:Woodrow Wilson 13171: 13161: 13151: 13141: 13131: 13121: 13111: 13101: 13091: 13081: 13071: 13064:Andrew Johnson 13061: 13051: 13044:James Buchanan 13041: 13031: 13021: 13014:Zachary Taylor 13011: 13001: 12991: 12981: 12971: 12964:Andrew Jackson 12961: 12951: 12941: 12931: 12921: 12911: 12900: 12899: 12898: 12896: 12893:Presidents and 12890: 12889: 12882: 12881: 12874: 12867: 12859: 12850: 12849: 12847: 12846: 12833: 12832: 12825: 12817: 12814: 12813: 12811: 12810: 12804: 12798: 12792: 12786: 12780: 12774: 12771:Michael Reagan 12768: 12765:Maureen Reagan 12762: 12756: 12749: 12747: 12741: 12740: 12738: 12737: 12732: 12731: 12730: 12725: 12720: 12715: 12710: 12701: 12690: 12688: 12684: 12683: 12681: 12680: 12675: 12667: 12659: 12651: 12647:Killing Reagan 12643: 12639:Killing Reagan 12635: 12627: 12619: 12611: 12603: 12595: 12587: 12581: 12580: 12579: 12566: 12558: 12553:Spitting Image 12549: 12541: 12534: 12529: 12528: 12527: 12516: 12510: 12508: 12500: 12499: 12496: 12495: 12493: 12492: 12491: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12455: 12454: 12453: 12448: 12443: 12438: 12433: 12428: 12423: 12413: 12412: 12411: 12406: 12395: 12393: 12389: 12388: 12386: 12385: 12380: 12374: 12372: 12365: 12359: 12358: 12356: 12355: 12348: 12340: 12338: 12332: 12331: 12317: 12315: 12313: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12281: 12280: 12274: 12268: 12255: 12250: 12245: 12244: 12243: 12238: 12228: 12223: 12218: 12213: 12208: 12203: 12198: 12193: 12187: 12185: 12179: 12178: 12176: 12175: 12167: 12158: 12155: 12154: 12147: 12146: 12139: 12132: 12124: 12115: 12114: 12112: 12111: 12102: 12092: 12089: 12088: 12086: 12085: 12078: 12071: 12064: 12057: 12050: 12049: 12048: 12041: 12034: 12027: 12020: 12013: 11999: 11992: 11985: 11984: 11983: 11969: 11962: 11955: 11948: 11947: 11946: 11939: 11925: 11918: 11911: 11904: 11897: 11890: 11889: 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11042: 11037: 11035:Reagan Library 11030: 11029:External links 11027: 11026: 11025: 11015:Kengor, Paul. 11013: 11001: 11000:Historiography 10998: 10996: 10995: 10989: 10972: 10963: 10956: 10949: 10940: 10934: 10916: 10898: 10892: 10877: 10867: 10852: 10851: 10841: 10831: 10824: 10817: 10816:(3rd ed. 2002) 10810: 10805:Ehrman, John. 10803: 10797: 10780: 10773: 10764: 10754: 10749:Main article: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10740: 10734: 10719: 10698: 10692: 10677: 10671: 10658: 10652: 10639: 10633: 10618: 10609: 10604:978-0195122169 10603: 10588: 10582: 10566: 10560: 10543: 10537: 10522: 10504:(4): 555–574. 10493: 10487: 10469: 10463: 10445: 10439: 10422: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10404: 10382: 10354: 10347: 10327: 10312: 10300: 10288: 10267: 10248:(3): 933–934. 10229: 10203: 10201:, p. 151. 10199:Pemberton 1997 10191: 10189:, p. 349. 10179: 10175:Patterson 2005 10167: 10165:, p. 202. 10163:Patterson 2005 10155: 10132: 10130:, p. 158. 10128:Patterson 2005 10120: 10089: 10087:, p. 128. 10077: 10075:, p. 293. 10065: 10028: 10007: 10005:, p. 746. 9995: 9993:, p. 324. 9991:Beschloss 2007 9983: 9971: 9958: 9936: 9934:, p. 217. 9932:Patterson 2005 9924: 9902: 9898:Patterson 2005 9887: 9875: 9860: 9832: 9820: 9794: 9769: 9767:, p. 173. 9757: 9731: 9705: 9675: 9663: 9651: 9639: 9627: 9604: 9578: 9550: 9522: 9482: 9442: 9411: 9383: 9355: 9346: 9337: 9315: 9294:(7): 704–707. 9274: 9246: 9220: 9192: 9166: 9141: 9113: 9084: 9067:George Gedda, 9060: 9037: 9019: 8992: 8975: 8953: 8941: 8915: 8884: 8872: 8839: 8835:Patterson 2005 8827: 8825:, p. 875. 8815: 8803: 8791: 8779: 8767: 8755: 8753:, p. 255. 8743: 8739:New York Times 8726: 8724:, p. 249. 8714: 8684: 8667: 8652: 8639: 8613: 8601: 8599:, p. 713. 8589: 8556: 8544: 8542:, p. 216. 8540:Patterson 2005 8532: 8520: 8518:, p. 236. 8508: 8496: 8484: 8482:, p. 215. 8480:Patterson 2005 8469: 8457: 8445: 8441:Patterson 2005 8433: 8421: 8409: 8402: 8382: 8370: 8358: 8351: 8333: 8307: 8305:, p. 894. 8290: 8286:Patterson 2005 8278: 8265: 8253: 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June 9, 2004 7856: 7844:Democracy Now! 7831: 7805: 7770: 7763: 7743: 7728: 7699: 7687: 7675: 7663: 7651: 7639: 7637:, p. 293. 7635:Beschloss 2007 7627: 7615: 7602: 7590: 7578: 7574:Patterson 2005 7566: 7564:, p. 200. 7562:Patterson 2005 7554: 7542: 7516: 7493: 7467: 7444: 7433:. Ars Technica 7421: 7415:Daynes, B. W. 7408: 7395: 7389:Daynes, B. W. 7382: 7369: 7356: 7349: 7329: 7325:Patterson 2005 7317: 7305: 7293: 7281: 7274: 7254: 7242: 7230: 7228:, p. 171. 7226:Patterson 2005 7218: 7190: 7156: 7143: 7118: 7093: 7086: 7063: 7045: 7033: 7002: 6974: 6959: 6934: 6912: 6884: 6882:, p. 124. 6872: 6845: 6833: 6807: 6781: 6758: 6736: 6714: 6694: 6663: 6651: 6639: 6627: 6618: 6616:, p. 175. 6614:Patterson 2005 6606: 6583: 6568: 6566:, p. 170. 6564:Patterson 2005 6556: 6544: 6532: 6520: 6497: 6482: 6480:, p. 145. 6470: 6466:Patterson 2005 6458: 6443: 6431: 6419: 6393: 6381: 6369: 6346: 6342:Patterson 2005 6334: 6322: 6310: 6298: 6286: 6258: 6232: 6220: 6208: 6196: 6194:, p. 165. 6192:Patterson 2005 6184: 6172: 6160: 6145: 6133: 6121: 6109: 6095:whitehouse.gov 6081: 6067:whitehouse.gov 6053: 6039:whitehouse.gov 6025: 6016: 6003: 6001:, p. 166. 5999:Patterson 2005 5991: 5984: 5960: 5945: 5933: 5921: 5898: 5886: 5882:Patterson 2005 5871: 5859: 5847: 5835: 5823: 5821:, p. 157. 5819:Patterson 2005 5808: 5793: 5784: 5772: 5758: 5746: 5742:Patterson 2005 5734: 5722: 5710: 5703: 5683: 5677:978-0197519646 5676: 5649: 5633: 5621: 5609: 5586: 5567: 5541: 5519: 5517:, p. 178. 5504: 5492: 5464: 5452:www.senate.gov 5432: 5412:Biskupic, Joan 5398: 5386: 5373: 5361: 5349: 5337: 5325: 5313: 5301: 5289: 5277: 5264: 5247: 5235: 5223: 5211: 5207:Patterson 2005 5199: 5187: 5165: 5153: 5141: 5129: 5117: 5105: 5092: 5080: 5067: 5051: 5038: 5025: 5019:Andrew Busch, 5012: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4968: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4961: 4960: 4954: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4928: 4914: 4900: 4884: 4881: 4805: 4802: 4733:with his wife 4725:with his wife 4673:Main article: 4670: 4667: 4660: 4659: 4654: 4647: 4642: 4635: 4630: 4624: 4623: 4618: 4611: 4606: 4599: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4582: 4575: 4570: 4563: 4558: 4552: 4551: 4546: 4539: 4534: 4527: 4522: 4516: 4515: 4510: 4503: 4498: 4491: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4456: 4452: 4451: 4450:House leaders 4448: 4445: 4433:Main article: 4430: 4427: 4389:Congresswoman 4375:Walter Mondale 4355:Walter Mondale 4322: 4319: 4311:1930 elections 4302:Main article: 4299: 4296: 4293: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4276: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4263: 4258: 4252: 4251: 4248: 4243: 4237: 4236: 4233: 4228: 4222: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4203: 4200: 4170:25th Amendment 4147: 4146:Age and health 4144: 4132:Brian Mulroney 4107: 4104: 4100:F. W. de Klerk 4048: 4045: 3960:Main article: 3957: 3954: 3887: 3884: 3870: 3867: 3834:Main article: 3831: 3828: 3718:Soviet economy 3702:Soviet leaders 3679: 3676: 3653:Lawrence Walsh 3567:Main article: 3564: 3561: 3548:invade Grenada 3540:Maurice Bishop 3538:government of 3531: 3528: 3462: 3459: 3422:anti-communist 3348:Main article: 3345: 3342: 3334:99 Luftballons 3301: 3298: 3200: 3197: 3192:Main article: 3189: 3186: 3149: 3146: 3125: 3122: 3077:states' rights 3031:Lowell Weicker 3014:and an end to 2995: 2992: 2938:crack epidemic 2902: 2899: 2879:Romano Mazzoli 2863: 2860: 2837: 2834: 2822:surface mining 2785: 2782: 2743: 2740: 2728:Alan Greenspan 2698: 2695: 2670: 2667: 2638:New Federalism 2587: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2576: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2556: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2516: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2496: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2476: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2456: 2455: 2452: 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1641: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1629: 1627: 1626: 1623: 1618: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1604: 1598: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1590:Elizabeth Dole 1586: 1584: 1583: 1580: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1556: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1540: 1534: 1532: 1531: 1528: 1522: 1520: 1519: 1516: 1511: 1509:Human Services 1503: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1495: 1489: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1477: 1475: 1474: 1471: 1466: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1452: 1446: 1444: 1443: 1440: 1435: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1415: 1413: 1412: 1409: 1404: 1398: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1390: 1384: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1372: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1361: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1347: 1341: 1339: 1338: 1335: 1329: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1318: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1307: 1304: 1302:Frank Carlucci 1298: 1296: 1295: 1292: 1287: 1281: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1273: 1267: 1265: 1264: 1261: 1255: 1253: 1252: 1249: 1244: 1238: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1230: 1224: 1222: 1221: 1218: 1216:Alexander Haig 1213: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1194: 1192:Vice President 1188: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1175: 1169: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1154: 1153: 1141: 1134: 1133: 1129: 1122: 1121: 1120: 1119: 1118: 1110: 1109:Administration 1107: 959: 956: 905: 902: 900: 897: 817:anti-communist 813:foreign policy 802:federal judges 749:, who won the 743:Walter Mondale 691: 690: 688: 687: 680: 673: 665: 662: 661: 642: 638: 637: 636: 635: 625: 620: 615: 609: 606: 605: 601: 600: 599: 598: 593: 588: 583: 573: 572: 571: 566: 561: 556: 546: 545: 544: 539: 529: 528: 527: 522: 513: 508: 507: 503: 502: 501: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 469: 464: 463: 459: 458: 457: 456: 451: 441: 440: 439: 428: 423: 422: 418: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 392: 386: 381: 380: 376: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 354: 353: 342: 339: 338: 334: 333: 332: 331: 321: 320: 319: 314: 305: 302: 301: 297: 296: 291: 286: 281: 279:States' rights 276: 270: 265: 264: 260: 259: 258: 257: 252: 247: 242: 234: 229: 224: 218: 215: 214: 210: 209: 206: 205: 193:a series about 189: 187: 171: 170: 160: 159: 153: 145: 144: 143: 140: 139: 131: 125: 124: 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15741: 15739: 15738: 15734: 15733: 15732: 15729: 15728: 15726: 15722: 15719: 15717: 15716:organizations 15711: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15691: 15688: 15686: 15683: 15681: 15678: 15676: 15673: 15672: 15670: 15666: 15660: 15657: 15655: 15652: 15650: 15649:West Virginia 15647: 15645: 15642: 15640: 15637: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15607: 15605: 15602: 15600: 15597: 15595: 15592: 15590: 15587: 15585: 15582: 15580: 15577: 15575: 15572: 15570: 15567: 15565: 15562: 15560: 15557: 15555: 15554:New Hampshire 15552: 15550: 15547: 15545: 15542: 15540: 15537: 15535: 15532: 15530: 15527: 15525: 15522: 15520: 15517: 15515: 15514:Massachusetts 15512: 15510: 15507: 15505: 15502: 15500: 15497: 15495: 15492: 15490: 15487: 15485: 15482: 15480: 15477: 15475: 15472: 15470: 15467: 15465: 15462: 15460: 15457: 15455: 15452: 15450: 15447: 15445: 15442: 15440: 15437: 15435: 15432: 15430: 15427: 15425: 15422: 15420: 15417: 15415: 15412: 15411: 15409: 15405: 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14593: 14590: 14587: 14584: 14581: 14578: 14575: 14572: 14569: 14566: 14565: 14563: 14561: 14553: 14547: 14540: 14537: 14534: 14531: 14528: 14527:G. H. W. Bush 14525: 14522: 14519: 14516: 14513: 14510: 14507: 14504: 14501: 14498: 14495: 14492: 14489: 14486: 14483: 14480: 14477: 14474: 14471: 14468: 14465: 14462: 14459: 14456: 14453: 14450: 14447: 14444: 14441: 14438: 14435: 14432: 14429: 14426: 14423: 14422: 14420: 14418: 14414: 14410: 14404: 14403: 14399: 14395: 14392: 14391: 14390: 14386: 14382: 14379: 14375: 14372: 14371: 14370: 14366: 14362: 14359: 14355: 14352: 14351: 14350: 14346: 14342: 14339: 14335: 14332: 14331: 14330: 14326: 14322: 14319: 14315: 14312: 14311: 14310: 14306: 14302: 14299: 14295: 14292: 14291: 14290: 14286: 14282: 14279: 14275: 14272: 14271: 14270: 14266: 14262: 14259: 14255: 14252: 14251: 14250: 14246: 14242: 14239: 14235: 14232: 14231: 14230: 14226: 14225:G. H. W. Bush 14222: 14219: 14215: 14212: 14211: 14210: 14206: 14205:G. H. W. Bush 14202: 14199: 14195: 14192: 14191: 14190: 14189:G. H. W. Bush 14186: 14182: 14181:1984 (Dallas) 14179: 14175: 14172: 14171: 14170: 14169:G. H. W. Bush 14166: 14162: 14159: 14155: 14152: 14151: 14150: 14146: 14142: 14139: 14135: 14132: 14131: 14130: 14126: 14122: 14119: 14115: 14112: 14111: 14110: 14106: 14102: 14099: 14095: 14092: 14091: 14090: 14086: 14082: 14079: 14075: 14072: 14071: 14070: 14066: 14062: 14059: 14055: 14052: 14051: 14050: 14046: 14042: 14039: 14035: 14032: 14031: 14030: 14026: 14022: 14019: 14015: 14012: 14011: 14010: 14006: 14002: 13999: 13995: 13992: 13991: 13990: 13986: 13982: 13979: 13975: 13972: 13971: 13970: 13966: 13962: 13959: 13955: 13952: 13951: 13950: 13946: 13942: 13939: 13935: 13932: 13931: 13930: 13926: 13922: 13919: 13915: 13912: 13911: 13910: 13906: 13902: 13899: 13895: 13892: 13891: 13890: 13886: 13882: 13879: 13875: 13872: 13871: 13870: 13866: 13862: 13859: 13855: 13852: 13851: 13850: 13846: 13842: 13839: 13835: 13832: 13831: 13830: 13826: 13822: 13818: 13815: 13813: 13809: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13796: 13792: 13789: 13787: 13783: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13770: 13766: 13763: 13761: 13757: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13744: 13740: 13737: 13735: 13731: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13718: 13714: 13711: 13709: 13705: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13692: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13679: 13675: 13672: 13670: 13666: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13653: 13649: 13646: 13644: 13640: 13636: 13633: 13632: 13630: 13628: 13619: 13612: 13606: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13574: 13573: 13570: 13569: 13566: 13562: 13553: 13548: 13546: 13541: 13539: 13534: 13533: 13530: 13518: 13510: 13508: 13500: 13499: 13496: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13465: 13464:G. H. W. Bush 13462: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13439:L. B. Johnson 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13376: 13374: 13368: 13359: 13355: 13352: 13349: 13345: 13342: 13339: 13335: 13332: 13329: 13325: 13322: 13319: 13315: 13312: 13309: 13305: 13302: 13299: 13295: 13294:Ronald Reagan 13292: 13289: 13285: 13282: 13279: 13275: 13272: 13269: 13265: 13264:Richard Nixon 13262: 13259: 13255: 13252: 13249: 13245: 13242: 13239: 13235: 13232: 13229: 13225: 13222: 13219: 13215: 13212: 13209: 13205: 13202: 13199: 13195: 13192: 13189: 13185: 13182: 13179: 13175: 13172: 13169: 13165: 13162: 13159: 13155: 13152: 13149: 13145: 13142: 13139: 13135: 13132: 13129: 13125: 13122: 13119: 13115: 13112: 13109: 13105: 13102: 13099: 13095: 13092: 13089: 13085: 13082: 13079: 13075: 13072: 13069: 13065: 13062: 13059: 13055: 13052: 13049: 13045: 13042: 13039: 13035: 13032: 13029: 13025: 13022: 13019: 13015: 13012: 13009: 13005: 13004:James K. Polk 13002: 12999: 12995: 12992: 12989: 12985: 12982: 12979: 12975: 12972: 12969: 12965: 12962: 12959: 12955: 12952: 12949: 12945: 12942: 12939: 12935: 12934:James Madison 12932: 12929: 12925: 12922: 12919: 12915: 12912: 12909: 12905: 12902: 12901: 12897: 12891: 12887: 12880: 12875: 12873: 12868: 12866: 12861: 12860: 12857: 12845: 12844: 12835: 12834: 12831: 12830: 12826: 12824: 12823: 12819: 12818: 12815: 12808: 12805: 12802: 12799: 12796: 12793: 12790: 12787: 12784: 12781: 12778: 12775: 12773:(adopted son) 12772: 12769: 12766: 12763: 12761:(second wife) 12760: 12757: 12754: 12751: 12750: 12748: 12746: 12742: 12736: 12733: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12707: 12706:Ronald Reagan 12702: 12700: 12697: 12696: 12695: 12692: 12691: 12689: 12685: 12679: 12676: 12673: 12672: 12668: 12665: 12664: 12660: 12657: 12656: 12652: 12649: 12648: 12644: 12641: 12640: 12636: 12633: 12632: 12628: 12625: 12624: 12620: 12617: 12616: 12612: 12609: 12608: 12604: 12601: 12600: 12596: 12593: 12592: 12588: 12585: 12582: 12578: 12575: 12574: 12572: 12571: 12567: 12564: 12563: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12550: 12547: 12546: 12542: 12540: 12539: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12525: 12522: 12521: 12520: 12517: 12515: 12512: 12511: 12509: 12507: 12501: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12460: 12459: 12458:1984 campaign 12456: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12444: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12434: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12419: 12418: 12417: 12416:1980 campaign 12414: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12402: 12401: 12400: 12399:1976 campaign 12397: 12396: 12394: 12390: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12375: 12373: 12371:Gubernatorial 12369: 12366: 12364: 12360: 12354: 12353: 12349: 12347: 12346: 12342: 12341: 12339: 12337: 12333: 12328: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12278: 12275: 12272: 12269: 12266: 12265: 12261: 12260: 12259: 12256: 12254: 12251: 12249: 12246: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12234: 12233: 12232: 12229: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12209: 12207: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12188: 12186: 12180: 12172: 12168: 12164: 12160: 12159: 12156: 12152: 12151:Ronald Reagan 12145: 12140: 12138: 12133: 12131: 12126: 12125: 12122: 12109: 12108: 12103: 12100: 12099: 12094: 12093: 12090: 12083: 12079: 12076: 12072: 12069: 12065: 12062: 12058: 12055: 12051: 12046: 12042: 12039: 12035: 12032: 12028: 12025: 12021: 12018: 12014: 12011: 12007: 12006: 12004: 12000: 11997: 11993: 11990: 11986: 11981: 11977: 11976: 11974: 11970: 11967: 11963: 11960: 11956: 11953: 11949: 11944: 11940: 11937: 11933: 11932: 11930: 11926: 11923: 11919: 11916: 11912: 11909: 11905: 11902: 11898: 11895: 11891: 11886: 11882: 11879: 11875: 11874: 11872: 11868: 11865: 11861: 11860: 11858: 11856: 11852: 11845: 11841: 11838: 11834: 11831: 11827: 11824: 11820: 11817: 11813: 11810: 11806: 11801: 11797: 11796: 11794: 11790: 11787: 11783: 11780: 11776: 11773: 11769: 11766: 11762: 11759: 11755: 11752: 11748: 11745: 11741: 11738: 11734: 11731: 11727: 11724: 11720: 11717: 11713: 11710: 11706: 11701: 11697: 11696: 11694: 11690: 11685: 11681: 11680: 11678: 11674: 11669: 11665: 11662: 11658: 11655: 11651: 11650: 11648: 11644: 11641: 11637: 11634: 11630: 11627: 11623: 11620: 11616: 11611: 11607: 11606: 11604: 11600: 11597: 11593: 11590: 11586: 11585: 11583: 11581: 11577: 11570: 11566: 11563: 11559: 11554: 11550: 11547: 11543: 11542: 11540: 11536: 11533: 11529: 11524: 11520: 11517: 11513: 11510: 11506: 11505: 11503: 11499: 11496: 11492: 11489: 11485: 11482: 11478: 11475: 11471: 11468: 11464: 11460: 11455: 11452: 11448: 11445: 11441: 11438: 11437:Libya bombing 11434: 11431: 11427: 11424: 11420: 11417: 11413: 11408: 11404: 11401: 11397: 11392: 11388: 11387: 11385: 11381: 11378: 11374: 11371: 11367: 11366: 11364: 11360: 11355: 11351: 11348: 11344: 11343: 11341: 11337: 11334: 11330: 11329: 11327: 11325: 11321: 11310: 11306: 11303: 11299: 11296: 11292: 11289: 11285: 11282: 11278: 11275: 11271: 11268: 11264: 11260: 11256: 11252: 11248: 11244: 11243:"Evil empire" 11240: 11239: 11237: 11235: 11231: 11222: 11218: 11215: 11211: 11210: 11208: 11204: 11201: 11197: 11194: 11190: 11187: 11183: 11180: 11176: 11171: 11170:controversies 11167: 11164: 11163:Supreme Court 11160: 11159: 11157: 11153: 11150: 11146: 11143: 11139: 11136: 11132: 11129: 11125: 11121: 11118: 11114: 11113: 11111: 11109: 11105: 11100: 11093: 11088: 11086: 11081: 11079: 11074: 11073: 11070: 11064: 11060: 11059: 11054: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11036: 11033: 11032: 11022: 11021:Policy Review 11018: 11014: 11012: 11008: 11004: 11003: 10992: 10990:0-517-20078-3 10986: 10981: 10980: 10979:Ronald Reagan 10973: 10970: 10969: 10964: 10961: 10957: 10954: 10950: 10947: 10946: 10941: 10937: 10935:0-7432-3022-1 10931: 10927: 10926: 10921: 10917: 10914: 10910: 10909:William Novak 10907:(1989), with 10906: 10902: 10901:Reagan, Nancy 10899: 10895: 10893:0-679-46323-2 10889: 10885: 10884: 10878: 10876: 10872: 10868: 10866: 10862: 10858: 10854: 10853: 10850: 10846: 10842: 10840: 10836: 10832: 10829: 10825: 10822: 10818: 10815: 10811: 10808: 10804: 10800: 10798:9780393060225 10794: 10789: 10788: 10781: 10778: 10774: 10771: 10770: 10765: 10762: 10761: 10756: 10755: 10752: 10737: 10731: 10727: 10726: 10720: 10713:September 27, 10708: 10704: 10699: 10695: 10689: 10685: 10684: 10678: 10674: 10668: 10664: 10663:Ronald Reagan 10659: 10655: 10653:9780231538657 10649: 10645: 10640: 10636: 10634:0-7434-0025-9 10630: 10626: 10625: 10619: 10615: 10610: 10606: 10600: 10596: 10595: 10589: 10585: 10583:9780195176162 10579: 10575: 10571: 10567: 10563: 10561:9780809097173 10557: 10552: 10551: 10544: 10540: 10534: 10530: 10529: 10523: 10519: 10515: 10511: 10507: 10503: 10499: 10494: 10490: 10488:1-891620-84-3 10484: 10480: 10479: 10474: 10470: 10466: 10464:1-891620-91-6 10460: 10456: 10455: 10450: 10446: 10442: 10440:9780684857053 10436: 10431: 10430: 10423: 10419: 10414: 10413: 10392: 10386: 10371: 10370: 10365: 10358: 10350: 10348:9781118607824 10344: 10340: 10339: 10331: 10325: 10324: 10316: 10309: 10304: 10297: 10292: 10285: 10284:0-230-60302-5 10281: 10277: 10271: 10263: 10259: 10255: 10251: 10247: 10243: 10242: 10233: 10217: 10213: 10207: 10200: 10195: 10188: 10183: 10176: 10171: 10164: 10159: 10143: 10136: 10129: 10124: 10109: 10108: 10103: 10099: 10098:Dreier, Peter 10093: 10086: 10081: 10074: 10073:Rossinow 2015 10069: 10050: 10046: 10039: 10032: 10017: 10011: 10004: 9999: 9992: 9987: 9980: 9975: 9968: 9962: 9946: 9940: 9933: 9928: 9912: 9906: 9899: 9894: 9892: 9884: 9879: 9871: 9864: 9849: 9848: 9843: 9836: 9829: 9828:Rossinow 2015 9824: 9808: 9804: 9798: 9782: 9776: 9774: 9766: 9765:Rossinow 2015 9761: 9745: 9741: 9735: 9719: 9715: 9709: 9693: 9689: 9685: 9679: 9672: 9671:Rossinow 2015 9667: 9660: 9659:Rossinow 2015 9655: 9648: 9647:Rossinow 2015 9643: 9636: 9631: 9623: 9618: 9617: 9608: 9592: 9588: 9582: 9567: 9566: 9561: 9554: 9539: 9538: 9533: 9526: 9518: 9512: 9497: 9493: 9486: 9478: 9472: 9457: 9453: 9446: 9430: 9426: 9422: 9415: 9400: 9399: 9394: 9387: 9372: 9371: 9366: 9359: 9350: 9341: 9325: 9319: 9311: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9293: 9289: 9285: 9278: 9263: 9262: 9257: 9250: 9234: 9230: 9224: 9209: 9208: 9203: 9196: 9181: 9177: 9170: 9155: 9151: 9145: 9130: 9129: 9124: 9117: 9102: 9098: 9091: 9089: 9081: 9075: 9071: 9064: 9048: 9041: 9033: 9029: 9023: 9007: 9003: 8996: 8990: 8986: 8983: 8979: 8963: 8957: 8950: 8945: 8929: 8925: 8919: 8903: 8899: 8893: 8891: 8889: 8881: 8876: 8860: 8856: 8855: 8850: 8843: 8836: 8831: 8824: 8819: 8812: 8807: 8800: 8795: 8788: 8783: 8776: 8771: 8764: 8759: 8752: 8747: 8740: 8736: 8730: 8723: 8718: 8702: 8698: 8694: 8693:Buchanan, Pat 8688: 8681: 8677: 8671: 8665: 8661: 8656: 8649: 8643: 8627: 8623: 8617: 8610: 8605: 8598: 8593: 8577: 8573: 8572: 8567: 8560: 8553: 8548: 8541: 8536: 8529: 8524: 8517: 8516:Rossinow 2015 8512: 8505: 8504:Rossinow 2015 8500: 8493: 8488: 8481: 8476: 8474: 8466: 8461: 8454: 8453:Rossinow 2015 8449: 8442: 8437: 8430: 8425: 8418: 8417:Rossinow 2015 8413: 8405: 8403:9780812973266 8399: 8395: 8394: 8386: 8379: 8378:Rossinow 2015 8374: 8367: 8362: 8354: 8348: 8344: 8337: 8322: 8318: 8311: 8304: 8299: 8297: 8295: 8287: 8282: 8275: 8269: 8262: 8261:Rossinow 2015 8257: 8250: 8245: 8238: 8237:Rossinow 2015 8233: 8226: 8221: 8214: 8209: 8202: 8197: 8190: 8185: 8178: 8177:Weisberg 2016 8173: 8171: 8163: 8158: 8151: 8150:Weisberg 2016 8146: 8139: 8134: 8126: 8120: 8112: 8106: 8102: 8098: 8092: 8084: 8080: 8076: 8069: 8054: 8053: 8048: 8041: 8034: 8029: 8022: 8021:Rossinow 2015 8017: 8010: 8005: 7997: 7993: 7986: 7971: 7967: 7961: 7946: 7942: 7936: 7934: 7917: 7913: 7907: 7892: 7888: 7882: 7866: 7860: 7845: 7841: 7835: 7819: 7815: 7809: 7801: 7797: 7793: 7789: 7785: 7781: 7774: 7766: 7764:0-87113-854-9 7760: 7756: 7755: 7747: 7740: 7735: 7733: 7724: 7720: 7716: 7715: 7710: 7703: 7696: 7695:Rossinow 2015 7691: 7684: 7679: 7672: 7667: 7660: 7655: 7648: 7643: 7636: 7631: 7624: 7619: 7612: 7606: 7599: 7594: 7588:, p. 67. 7587: 7586:Rossinow 2015 7582: 7575: 7570: 7563: 7558: 7551: 7550:Rossinow 2015 7546: 7530: 7526: 7520: 7504: 7497: 7481: 7477: 7471: 7455: 7448: 7432: 7425: 7418: 7412: 7405: 7399: 7392: 7386: 7379: 7373: 7366: 7360: 7352: 7346: 7342: 7341: 7333: 7326: 7321: 7314: 7313:Rossinow 2015 7309: 7302: 7301:Rossinow 2015 7297: 7290: 7285: 7277: 7275:9780765603944 7271: 7267: 7266: 7258: 7251: 7250:Rossinow 2015 7246: 7239: 7238:Rossinow 2015 7234: 7227: 7222: 7207: 7206: 7201: 7194: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7160: 7153: 7147: 7132: 7128: 7122: 7107: 7105: 7097: 7089: 7083: 7079: 7078: 7070: 7068: 7059: 7055: 7049: 7042: 7041:Rossinow 2015 7037: 7022: 7021: 7016: 7009: 7007: 6991: 6990: 6985: 6978: 6970: 6963: 6948: 6944: 6938: 6922: 6916: 6901: 6900: 6895: 6888: 6881: 6880:Rossinow 2015 6876: 6860: 6854: 6852: 6850: 6842: 6841:Rossinow 2015 6837: 6821: 6814: 6812: 6804: 6791: 6785: 6769: 6762: 6746: 6740: 6724: 6718: 6711: 6707: 6704: 6698: 6683: 6682: 6677: 6670: 6668: 6660: 6655: 6648: 6647:Rossinow 2015 6643: 6636: 6631: 6622: 6615: 6610: 6594: 6587: 6580: 6575: 6573: 6565: 6560: 6553: 6552:Rossinow 2015 6548: 6541: 6540:Rossinow 2015 6536: 6527: 6525: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6501: 6494: 6489: 6487: 6479: 6478:Rossinow 2015 6474: 6467: 6462: 6455: 6450: 6448: 6440: 6439:Rossinow 2015 6435: 6426: 6424: 6407: 6403: 6397: 6390: 6389:Rossinow 2015 6385: 6378: 6373: 6357: 6350: 6343: 6338: 6331: 6326: 6319: 6314: 6307: 6306:Weisberg 2016 6302: 6295: 6290: 6275: 6274: 6269: 6262: 6246: 6242: 6236: 6229: 6224: 6217: 6212: 6205: 6200: 6193: 6188: 6181: 6176: 6169: 6164: 6158:, p. 85. 6157: 6156:Rossinow 2015 6152: 6150: 6142: 6141:Rossinow 2015 6137: 6130: 6125: 6118: 6113: 6097: 6096: 6091: 6085: 6069: 6068: 6063: 6057: 6041: 6040: 6035: 6029: 6020: 6013: 6007: 6000: 5995: 5987: 5985:0-87766-523-0 5981: 5977: 5973: 5972: 5964: 5956: 5949: 5942: 5937: 5930: 5925: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5902: 5895: 5894:Rossinow 2015 5890: 5883: 5878: 5876: 5869:, p. 63. 5868: 5867:Rossinow 2015 5863: 5856: 5855:Rossinow 2015 5851: 5844: 5839: 5832: 5827: 5820: 5815: 5813: 5805: 5804:Rossinow 2015 5800: 5798: 5788: 5781: 5780:Rossinow 2015 5776: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5756:, p. 20. 5755: 5754:Rossinow 2015 5750: 5743: 5738: 5731: 5726: 5719: 5714: 5706: 5704:0-7391-0296-6 5700: 5696: 5695: 5687: 5679: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5664: 5659: 5658:Gerstle, Gary 5653: 5647: 5643: 5637: 5630: 5625: 5618: 5613: 5597: 5590: 5582: 5578: 5571: 5556: 5552: 5545: 5529: 5523: 5516: 5515:Rossinow 2015 5511: 5509: 5501: 5500:Weisberg 2016 5496: 5481: 5480: 5475: 5468: 5453: 5449: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5395: 5390: 5383: 5377: 5370: 5365: 5358: 5353: 5346: 5341: 5334: 5333:Rossinow 2015 5329: 5322: 5321:Rossinow 2015 5317: 5310: 5305: 5298: 5293: 5286: 5281: 5274: 5268: 5261: 5257: 5251: 5244: 5243:Rossinow 2015 5239: 5232: 5231:Rossinow 2015 5227: 5220: 5215: 5208: 5203: 5196: 5195:Rossinow 2015 5191: 5176: 5169: 5162: 5161:Rossinow 2015 5157: 5150: 5149:Weisberg 2016 5145: 5138: 5137:Weisberg 2016 5133: 5126: 5121: 5114: 5109: 5103:(1989) p 249. 5102: 5096: 5089: 5084: 5077: 5071: 5065: 5061: 5055: 5048: 5042: 5035: 5029: 5022: 5016: 5009: 5003: 4999: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4969: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4944: 4940: 4929: 4926: 4920: 4915: 4912: 4901: 4898: 4892: 4887: 4880: 4878: 4873: 4871: 4870:welfare state 4867: 4863: 4857: 4855: 4851: 4850:Richard Pipes 4847: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4830:gap in wealth 4826: 4824: 4815: 4810: 4801: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4774: 4772: 4771:Willie Horton 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4753:over Senator 4752: 4748: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4715: 4708: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4676: 4666: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4652: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4616: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4604: 4600: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4580: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4568: 4564: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4553: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4544: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4532: 4528: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4517: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4508: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4496: 4492: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4453: 4443: 4436: 4426: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4410: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4395: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4383:Jesse Jackson 4380: 4376: 4372: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4332: 4328: 4318: 4316: 4312: 4305: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4281: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4268: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4253: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4238: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4219: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4209: 4199: 4197: 4192: 4189: 4184: 4182: 4178: 4173: 4171: 4167: 4162: 4160: 4155: 4153: 4143: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4112:common market 4103: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4084: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4058: 4053: 4044: 4041: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4020: 4016: 4015:Hissène Habré 4011: 4007: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3977: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3956:Libya bombing 3953: 3951: 3946: 3942: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3880: 3875: 3866: 3864: 3860: 3859:the Holocaust 3854: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3837: 3827: 3825: 3821: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3805: 3804:fourth summit 3801: 3800:Iran–Iraq War 3780: 3778: 3774: 3769: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3756:delivered in 3755: 3751: 3745: 3743: 3739: 3738:Geneva Summit 3735: 3729: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3675: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3656: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3629:Iran–Iraq War 3626: 3622: 3617: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3601:Daniel Ortega 3598: 3590: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3570: 3560: 3558: 3554: 3549: 3545: 3544:Hudson Austin 3541: 3537: 3527: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3496:Caribbean Sea 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3458: 3456: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3430:Hissène Habré 3427: 3423: 3417: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3351: 3341: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3330: 3325: 3324: 3323:The Day After 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3297: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3270:600-ship Navy 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3222: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3195: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3145: 3143: 3139: 3134: 3130: 3120: 3116: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3105: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3089: 3085: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3049: 3047: 3043: 3042: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3027:school prayer 3024: 3019: 3017: 3013: 3005: 3000: 2991: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2953: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2942:crack cocaine 2939: 2935: 2928: 2923: 2916: 2912: 2907: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2869: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2848: 2844: 2833: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2818:James G. Watt 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2781: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2761: 2757: 2748: 2739: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2694: 2692: 2687: 2683: 2678: 2676: 2666: 2664: 2659: 2655: 2650: 2646: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2594:Great Society 2585: 2583: 2578: 2577: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2557: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2537: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2517: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2497: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2417: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2370: 2369: 2358: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2334: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2299:corporate tax 2296: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2280: 2275: 2271: 2263: 2258: 2254: 2252: 2248: 2247:Arthur Laffer 2244: 2243:Andrew Mellon 2240: 2236: 2232: 2231: 2230:laissez-faire 2226: 2222: 2211: 2201: 2197: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2144: 2139: 2129: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2109: 2105: 2095: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2057:Warren Burger 2054: 2050: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2038: 2033: 2029: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2017:Supreme Court 2010: 2009:Chief Justice 2006: 2001: 1996: 1989:Supreme Court 1981: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1905:Richard Nixon 1902: 1899:Reagan chose 1897: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1883: 1879: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1792: 1790: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1716: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1689: 1688:Lauro Cavazos 1686: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1585: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1560: 1559:Samuel Pierce 1557: 1555: 1550: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1408: 1407:John R. Block 1405: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1385: 1383: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1371: 1367: 1365: 1364:James G. Watt 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1229: 1228:George Shultz 1226: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1179: 1178:Ronald Reagan 1176: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1150: 1138: 1126: 1116: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1090: 1088: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1047: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1012:1976 election 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 988: 983: 979: 975: 969: 965: 958:1980 election 955: 953: 949: 945: 941: 936: 934: 930: 920: 915: 911: 896: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 873: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 809: 807: 806:Supreme Court 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 774:major tax cut 770: 768: 767:Great Society 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 701: 697: 696:Ronald Reagan 686: 681: 679: 674: 672: 667: 666: 664: 663: 659: 655: 646: 634: 631: 630: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 610: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 578: 577: 574: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 551: 550: 547: 543: 540: 538: 535: 534: 533: 530: 526: 523: 521: 518: 517: 515: 514: 511: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 475: 474: 471: 470: 467: 455: 452: 450: 447: 446: 445: 442: 438: 435: 434: 433: 430: 429: 426: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 387: 384: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 363:Inaugurations 361: 359: 356: 352: 349: 348: 347: 344: 343: 330: 327: 326: 325: 322: 318: 315: 313: 310: 309: 307: 306: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 271: 268: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 237: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 219: 216:Personal life 212: 211: 202: 200:Ronald Reagan 188: 185: 181: 180: 177: 176: 167: 161: 156: 149: 141: 135: → 134: 129: 126:← 121: 118: 115: 113: 109: 103: 100: 98: 95: 94: 92: 88: 85: 82: 78: 75: 74: 70: 66: 60: 53: 49: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 16036:Barbara Bush 16026:Nancy Reagan 15975:Bibliography 15735: 15614:South Dakota 15604:Rhode Island 15599:Pennsylvania 15579:North Dakota 14520: 14413:Presidential 14400: 14321:2012 (Tampa) 13625:presidential 13609:Presidential 13389:T. Roosevelt 13358:2021–present 13344:Donald Trump 13334:Barack Obama 13314:Bill Clinton 13297: 13284:Jimmy Carter 12944:James Monroe 12895:presidencies 12836: 12827: 12820: 12759:Nancy Reagan 12755:(first wife) 12705: 12670: 12662: 12653: 12646: 12637: 12630: 12622: 12614: 12607:Reagan's War 12605: 12598: 12589: 12568: 12560: 12552: 12543: 12536: 12514:Bibliography 12392:Presidential 12350: 12343: 12262: 12201:Boyhood home 12196:Pitney Store 12162: 12105: 12096: 11098: 11056: 11020: 11006: 10978: 10967: 10959: 10958:Spitz, Bob. 10952: 10944: 10924: 10912: 10904: 10882: 10870: 10856: 10844: 10834: 10827: 10820: 10813: 10806: 10786: 10776: 10768: 10759: 10724: 10711:. Retrieved 10682: 10662: 10643: 10623: 10616:. Routledge. 10613: 10593: 10573: 10549: 10527: 10501: 10497: 10477: 10453: 10428: 10417: 10395:. Retrieved 10385: 10373:. Retrieved 10367: 10357: 10337: 10330: 10322: 10315: 10303: 10291: 10275: 10270: 10245: 10239: 10232: 10220:. 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Bush 13429:Eisenhower 13379:Washington 13370:Presidency 12994:John Tyler 12914:John Adams 12783:Ron Reagan 12779:(daughter) 12767:(daughter) 12753:Jane Wyman 12631:The Butler 12506:depictions 12478:convention 12441:convention 12409:convention 12290:Reagan era 12191:Birthplace 11391:INF Treaty 11384:Washington 11117:Transition 11045:Reagan Era 10397:August 31, 10308:Heclo 2008 10296:Heclo 2008 10222:October 7, 10148:August 23, 10107:The Nation 10021:October 7, 9049:. Politico 8865:August 12, 8632:August 12, 7975:January 5, 7950:January 5, 7922:January 3, 7896:January 5, 7871:January 5, 7849:January 5, 7183:January 5, 7136:January 5, 6595:. CQ Press 5049:pp 29–51.: 4990:References 4866:Hugh Heclo 4731:Dan Quayle 4377:, Senator 4120:fast track 4106:Free trade 4081:proxy wars 4004:airstrikes 3976:Camp David 3694:INF Treaty 3682:See also: 3668:impeaching 3660:John Tower 3573:See also: 3465:See also: 3428:, such as 3398:Mujahideen 3386:Solidarity 3366:Mujahideen 3354:See also: 3268:, and the 3266:MX missile 3254:B-1 Lancer 3203:See also: 2946:First Lady 2866:See also: 2663:third rail 2295:estate tax 2279:Phil Gramm 2221:neoliberal 1783:Bill Brock 1733:Joe Wright 1578:Drew Lewis 1538:Otis Bowen 1481:Bill Brock 1113:See also: 914:Reagan era 899:Background 893:Reagan Era 870:INF Treaty 808:Justices. 715:California 711:Republican 628:Depictions 591:convention 564:convention 542:convention 525:convention 358:Transition 346:Presidency 308:Elections 84:Republican 15965:Primaries 15901:Factional 15831:Sectional 15668:Territory 15654:Wisconsin 15619:Tennessee 15524:Minnesota 15499:Louisiana 15400:territory 15398:state and 15285:Gillespie 15270:Nicholson 15206:R. 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Advameg 9813:April 19, 9511:cite news 9471:cite news 9261:USA Today 9180:USA Today 9053:August 3, 9012:April 14, 8968:April 14, 8908:April 19, 8058:March 31, 7509:April 19, 7178:0362-4331 6774:April 11, 6412:March 20, 6251:August 4, 5551:"Purpose" 5420:USA Today 4995:Citations 4597:1987–1988 4561:1985–1986 4525:1983–1984 4489:1981–1982 4455:Congress 4379:Gary Hart 4313:that the 4214:Congress 4152:Joe Biden 4065:apartheid 3945:Hezbollah 3892:civil war 3851:Waffen-SS 3625:Hezbollah 3524:Argentina 3508:Nicaragua 3012:abortions 2828:Director 2769:Greyhound 2376:Receipts 2270:Jack Kemp 1882:Counselor 1873:. Baker, 1173:President 825:roll back 811:Reagan's 618:Accolades 586:primaries 559:primaries 537:primaries 520:primaries 483:Rehnquist 15990:Trumpism 15845:Chairmen 15762:Factions 15724:Congress 15639:Virginia 15589:Oklahoma 15569:New York 15544:Nebraska 15534:Missouri 15519:Michigan 15509:Maryland 15494:Kentucky 15474:Illinois 15449:Delaware 15439:Colorado 15429:Arkansas 15319:McDaniel 15295:Martínez 15231:Richards 15146:Brownell 15141:Spangler 15126:Hamilton 15121:Fletcher 15031:Campbell 15026:Clarkson 14996:Chandler 14939:McCarthy 14915:Gingrich 14754:Speakers 14682:Knowland 14491:Coolidge 14467:McKinley 14461:Harrison 14449:Garfield 13885:Coolidge 13869:Coolidge 13782:McKinley 13769:McKinley 13756:Harrison 13743:Harrison 13717:Garfield 13616:national 13507:Category 13409:Coolidge 13384:McKinley 12843:Category 12797:(mother) 12791:(father) 12708:(CVN-76) 12519:In music 12488:election 12451:election 12184:politics 12182:Life and 11509:Form I-9 11354:2nd term 11347:1st term 11340:Cold War 11234:Speeches 11108:Timeline 11053:template 10922:(2005). 10707:Archived 10572:(2015). 10518:41219701 10262:25622627 10113:April 7, 10058:July 18, 9597:June 14, 9571:June 13, 9543:June 13, 9461:June 18, 9404:June 13, 9376:June 13, 9310:25003852 9267:June 13, 9239:June 13, 9213:June 13, 8985:Archived 8902:BBC News 8626:BBC News 8099:(2009). 7945:ABC News 7800:27552748 7480:Archived 7419:, p.185. 7393:, p.176. 7111:July 30, 6995:July 29, 6952:July 29, 6927:April 4, 6865:April 4, 6826:April 4, 6796:June 12, 6751:April 4, 6729:April 4, 6706:Archived 6515:Archived 6102:March 4, 6074:March 4, 6046:March 4, 5660:(2022). 5485:July 20, 5457:June 15, 4883:See also 4792:and the 4755:Bob Dole 4639:Mitchell 4477:Minority 4467:Minority 4462:Majority 4387:selected 4188:prostate 3726:glasnost 3623:held by 3536:Grenadan 3481:Dominica 3440:and the 3414:al-Qaeda 3406:blowback 3382:rollback 3329:WarGames 3095:HIV/AIDS 2959:and the 2824:. Under 2723:homeless 2669:Deficits 2658:Medicare 2600:and the 2598:Medicaid 2571:5,554.7 2565:1,143.7 2551:5,138.6 2545:1,064.4 2531:4,767.7 2525:1,004.0 2511:4,526.3 2491:4,265.1 2471:3,949.2 2451:3,536.0 2431:3,313.4 2411:3,133.2 2384:Deficit 2382:Surplus/ 2379:Outlays 2116:and the 2042:abortion 1921:Michigan 1024:Bob Dole 948:New Deal 944:New Left 852:to fund 763:New Deal 719:Democrat 581:election 554:election 478:O'Connor 432:Domestic 425:Policies 373:Scandals 351:timeline 267:Speeches 90:Election 73:See list 15970:Debates 15958:Related 15659:Wyoming 15634:Vermont 15539:Montana 15479:Indiana 15459:Georgia 15454:Florida 15424:Arizona 15414:Alabama 15394:Parties 15324:Whatley 15314:Priebus 15290:Mehlman 15280:Racicot 15275:Gilmore 15265:Barbour 15255:Yeutter 15250:Atwater 15171:Roberts 15116:Sanders 15001:Cameron 14986:Claflin 14976:Raymond 14947:(2023–) 14945:Johnson 14927:Boehner 14921:Hastert 14891:Halleck 14867:Gillett 14801:McCrary 14789:Pomeroy 14749:leaders 14738:(2007–) 14706:Stevens 14688:Dirksen 14670:Bridges 14604:E. Hale 14598:Allison 14592:Sherman 14586:Edmunds 14580:Sherman 14574:Anthony 14552:leaders 14485:Harding 14431:Johnson 14425:Lincoln 13989:Bricker 13965:Willkie 13865:Harding 13825:Sherman 13812:Sherman 13708:Wheeler 13669:Johnson 13665:Lincoln 13652:Lincoln 13639:Frémont 13611:tickets 13572:History 13469:Clinton 13434:Kennedy 13404:Harding 12573:(1986) 12483:debates 12446:debates 11149:Cabinet 11055:below ( 10873:(1996) 10375:May 14, 9951:May 15, 9853:May 13, 9787:May 25, 9750:May 25, 9698:May 25, 9330:June 6, 8326:May 28, 7824:June 6, 7535:May 16, 7211:May 10, 6362:May 18, 6279:May 23, 5602:May 30, 5078:(1992). 4776:In the 4737:in the 4735:Marilyn 4727:Barbara 4579:O'Neill 4543:O'Neill 4507:O'Neill 4472:Speaker 4217:Senate 4077:Namibia 4059:in 1984 4017:at the 3908:invaded 3896:Lebanon 3886:Lebanon 3843:Bitburg 3606:Contras 3587:on the 3520:Contras 3504:Grenada 3489:Grenada 3483:in the 3410:Taliban 3176:. 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