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Quasi-satellite

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107:, in a different context. The latter term is usually used for a space probe or artificial satellite in a retrograde orbit around a moon, and the period may be much shorter than that of the moon, whereas the term "quasi-satellite" usually refers to an object like an asteroid whose period is similar to that of the planet of which it is considered to be a quasi-satellite. But in both cases, the object (asteroid, space probe) viewed in a reference frame that rotates with the two main objects (once a year for Sun-Earth, once a month for Earth-Moon) appears to move retrograde compared to that rotation, thus lengthening its sidereal period. So a quasi-satellite (with low inclination) tends to stay in certain constellations rather than going through the whole zodiac. Quasi-satellites with high eccentricity can get quite far from their planet, more than an 20: 2483: 2507: 2459: 168: 2495: 2471: 89:, but objects in these orbits do not stay near the planet's longitude over many revolutions about the star. Objects in horseshoe orbits are known to sometimes periodically transfer to a relatively short-lived quasi-satellite orbit, and are sometimes confused with them. An example of such an object is 173: 172: 169: 54:
takes the same time as the planet's, but has a different eccentricity (usually greater), as shown in the diagram. When viewed from the perspective of the planet by an observer facing the Sun, the quasi-satellite will appear to travel in an oblong retrograde loop around the planet.
174: 1642:, with a mean orbital radius of about 100 kilometres (62 mi) from Phobos. According to computations, it could have then stayed trapped in the vicinity of Phobos for many months. The spacecraft was lost due to a malfunction of the on-board control system. 171: 1669:, and is forced into this configuration by the gravitational influence of Neptune. This dynamical behavior is recurrent where Arawn becomes a quasi-satellite of Pluto every 2.4 Myr and remains in that configuration for nearly 350,000 years. 129:
The word "geosynchronous" is sometimes used to describe quasi-satellites of the Earth, because their motion around the Sun is synchronized with Earth's. However, this usage is unconventional and confusing. Conventionally,
74:, and are unstable. Over time they tend to evolve to other types of resonant motion, where they no longer remain in the planet's neighborhood, then possibly later move back to a quasi-satellite orbit, etc. 1650:
Some objects are known to be accidental quasi-satellites, which means that they are not forced into the configuration by the gravitational influence of the body of which they are quasi-satellites. The
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de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (2016). "From horseshoe to quasi-satellite and back again: The curious dynamics of Earth co-orbital asteroid 2015 SO2".
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are minor planets in horseshoe orbits that might evolve into a quasi-satellite orbit. The time spent in the quasi-satellite phase differs from asteroid to asteroid. Quasi-satellite
159:; it seems to have been a "companion" to Venus for approximately the last 7,000 years only, and is destined to be ejected from this orbital arrangement about 500 years from now. 2292: 278:
L4 and L5. By 2016, orbital calculations showed that all five of Earth's then known quasi-satellites repeatedly transfer between horseshoe and quasi-satellite orbits.
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viewed from Earth's perspective as it orbits around the Sun. The traced path of Kamoʻoalewa makes it appear as a constant companion of the Earth.
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de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (September 2012). "(309239) 2007 RW10: a large temporary quasi-satellite of Neptune".
1522: 1332: 2347: 1615: 380: 1837: 1624:, a co-orbital to Jupiter, intermittently becomes a quasi satellite of the planet, and will next become one between 2380 and 2480. 152: 2259: 735: 697: 659: 156: 925: 887: 2162: 1721: 2532: 2432: 134:
revolve in the prograde sense around the Earth, with orbital periods that are synchronized to the Earth's rotation.
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are known to have accidental quasi-satellites. In the case of Pluto, the known accidental quasi-satellite,
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Connors, Martin; Chodas, Paul; Mikkola, Seppo; Wiegert, Paul; Veillet, Christian; Innanen, Kimmo (2002).
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which was a quasi-satellite from 1996 to 2006 but then departed Earth's vicinity on a horseshoe orbit.
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is predicted to be stable in this orbital state for several hundred years, in contrast to
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de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (2016).
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de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (2014).
1908: 1860: 1838:"Dynamical evolution of Earth's quasi-satellites: 2004 GU9 and 2006 FV35" 1818: 1781: 1738: 533: 275: 86: 2193: 2022:"Asteroid (469219) 2016 HO3, the smallest and closest Earth quasi-satellite" 1864: 1822: 1459: 1346: 1340: 1307: 1207: 1201: 1167: 1161: 1134: 1128: 1094: 976: 971: 900: 895: 862: 824: 819: 710: 672: 634: 628: 594: 589: 563: 558: 525: 494: 271: 78: 2527: 1717:"Discovery of an asteroid and quasi-satellite in an Earth-like horseshoe orbit" 481: 1912: 270:
On the longer term, asteroids can transfer between quasi-satellite orbits and
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Brasser, R.; et al. (September 2004). "Transient co-orbital asteroids".
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spacecraft was injected into a quasi-satellite orbit around the Martian moon
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could potentially hold quasi-satellites for up to the age of the
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Other types of orbit in a 1:1 resonance with the planet include
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de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (2016).
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de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (2012).
1610: 1594: 40: 2217:"The stability of quasi satellites in the outer solar system" 1936:"Asteroid 2014 OL339: Yet another Earth quasi-satellite" 1658: 393: 112: 1987:
Agle, D.C.; Brown, Dwayne; Cantillo, Laurie (15 June 2016).
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satellites, quasi-satellite orbits lie outside the planet's
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Mikkola, S.; Brasser, R.; Wiegert, P.; Innanen, K. (2004).
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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
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is believed to have a quasi-satellite, the as-yet-unnamed
1613:. Jupiter and Saturn are known to have quasi-satellites. 51: 2447: 186:
As of 2023, Earth had seven known quasi-satellites:
2257: 2379:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2080:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2027:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 1986: 1941:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 1765:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2519: 2073:Christou, Apostolos A.; Asher, David J. (2011). 1760:"Asteroid 2002 VE68, a quasi-satellite of Venus" 2438:Discovery of the first quasi-satellite of Venus 2132: 2130: 2075:"A long-lived horseshoe companion to the Earth" 103:A quasi-satellite is similar to an object in a 2214: 2138:"Small Asteroid is Earth's Constant Companion" 1989:"Small asteroid is Earth's constant companion" 1645: 1627: 2072: 362: 2127: 1980: 16:Type of satellite in sync with another orbit 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 1876: 1874: 1800: 1710: 1708: 1593:Based on simulations, it is believed that 369: 355: 2409: 2391: 2323: 2305: 2258:Green, LM; Zakharov, AV; Pichkhadze, KM. 2242: 2208: 2175: 2155: 2153: 2110: 2092: 2057: 2039: 2015: 2013: 2011: 1971: 1953: 1894: 1785: 1742: 2365: 2272: 1871: 1705: 350:Known and suspected companions of Earth 166: 23:Diagram of generic quasi-satellite orbit 18: 2340: 1927: 2520: 2150: 2008: 2433:Astronomy.com: A new "moon" for Earth 1835: 147:Venus has one known quasi-satellite, 50:A quasi-satellite's orbit around the 1829: 1722:Meteoritics & Planetary Science 59:Analemma § Of quasi-satellites 31:is an object in a specific type of 13: 2163:Astronomy and Astrophysics Letters 1744:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2002.tb01039.x 1581:is a temporary quasi-satellite of 14: 2544: 2421: 2215:Wiegert, P.; Innanen, K. (2000). 178:The oscillating path of asteroid 2505: 2493: 2481: 2469: 2457: 2428:Quasi-satellite Information Page 2325:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01350.x 2112:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18595.x 1787:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07994.x 1588: 2251: 2444:news release (August 17, 2004) 2066: 1883:Astrophysics and Space Science 1794: 1751: 1523:ATLAS South Africa, Sutherland 1: 1836:Wajer, Paweł (October 2010). 1699: 1865:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.05.012 1823:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.04.019 1689:Satellite system (astronomy) 443:1913 Great Meteor Procession 7: 2194:10.1051/0004-6361/201219931 1672: 1646:Accidental quasi-satellites 1628:Artificial quasi-satellites 137: 56: 10: 2549: 1632:In early 1989, the Soviet 1566: 1548:The dwarf-planet asteroid 1450:Moonbase South Observatory 151:. This asteroid is also a 2143:Jet Propulsion Laboratory 1913:10.1007/s10509-015-2597-8 274:, which circulate around 132:geosynchronous satellites 2533:Co-orbital minor planets 2260: 2222:The Astronomical Journal 1543: 162: 142: 111:for quasi-satellites of 105:distant retrograde orbit 33:co-orbital configuration 2186:2012A&A...545L...9D 1905:2016Ap&SS.361...16D 1735:2002M&PS...37.1435C 1609:and 100,000 years near 183: 24: 2411:10.1093/mnras/stw1833 2261:Что мы ищем на Фобосе 2059:10.1093/mnras/stw1972 1973:10.1093/mnras/stu1978 177: 22: 1679:Artificial satellite 1665:, is, like Pluto, a 1082:Črni Vrh Observatory 2442:University of Turku 2402:2016MNRAS.462.3344D 2348:"Pluto's fake moon" 2316:2012MNRAS.427L..85D 2235:2000AJ....119.1978W 2103:2011MNRAS.414.2965C 2050:2016MNRAS.462.3441D 1964:2014MNRAS.445.2961D 1857:2010Icar..209..488W 1815:2004Icar..171..102B 1778:2004MNRAS.351L..63M 1694:Temporary satellite 1536:Temporary satellite 1531:Temporary satellite 1456:Temporary satellite 1303:Temporary satellite 1295:Mount Lemmon Survey 1267:Temporary satellite 1194:Mount Lemmon Survey 1154:Catalina Sky Survey 1121:Mount Lemmon Survey 858:Temporary satellite 850:Catalina Sky Survey 812:Catalina Sky Survey 521:Temporary satellite 461:Temporary satellite 376: 1216:469219 Kamoʻoalewa 402:Date of Discovery 349: 333:469219 Kamoʻoalewa 240:469219 Kamoʻoalewa 184: 180:469219 Kamoʻoalewa 25: 1729:(10): 1435–1441. 1684:Natural satellite 1541: 1540: 620:Lincoln Lab's ETS 582:Lincoln Lab's ETS 551:Lincoln Lab's ETS 436:Natural satellite 431:Natural satellite 276:Lagrangian points 175: 109:astronomical unit 87:Lagrangian points 37:orbital resonance 2540: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2498: 2497: 2496: 2486: 2485: 2484: 2474: 2473: 2462: 2461: 2460: 2453: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2395: 2386:(3): 3344–3349. 2369: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2359: 2350:. Archived from 2344: 2338: 2337: 2327: 2309: 2283: 2270: 2269: 2255: 2249: 2248: 2246: 2229:(4): 1978–1984. 2212: 2206: 2205: 2179: 2157: 2148: 2147: 2134: 2125: 2124: 2114: 2096: 2087:(4): 2965–2969. 2070: 2064: 2063: 2061: 2043: 2034:(4): 3441–3456. 2017: 2006: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1984: 1978: 1977: 1975: 1957: 1948:(3): 2985–2994. 1931: 1925: 1924: 1898: 1878: 1869: 1868: 1842: 1833: 1827: 1826: 1798: 1792: 1791: 1789: 1755: 1749: 1748: 1746: 1712: 1623: 1621: 1620: 1580: 1578: 1577: 1573:(309239) 2007 RW 1562: 1560: 1559: 1513: 1511: 1510: 1475: 1473: 1472: 1441: 1439: 1438: 1403: 1401: 1400: 1396:(614689) 2020 XL 1363: 1361: 1360: 1323: 1321: 1320: 1285: 1283: 1282: 1184: 1182: 1181: 1111: 1109: 1108: 1072: 1070: 1069: 1032: 1030: 1029: 992: 990: 989: 954: 952: 951: 916: 914: 913: 909:(706765) 2010 TK 878: 876: 875: 871:(419624) 2010 SO 840: 838: 837: 802: 800: 799: 764: 762: 761: 757:(277810) 2006 FV 726: 724: 723: 719:(164207) 2004 GU 688: 686: 685: 650: 648: 647: 610: 608: 607: 541: 539: 538: 377: 371: 364: 357: 348: 346:from the Earth. 341: 328: 321: 314: 312: 311: 303: 301: 300: 292: 290: 289: 272:horseshoe orbits 266: 264: 263: 254: 252: 251: 242: 235: 233: 232: 223: 221: 220: 211: 209: 208: 204:(277810) 2006 FV 199: 197: 196: 192:(164207) 2004 GU 176: 125: 123: 122: 99: 97: 96: 79:horseshoe orbits 62: 2548: 2547: 2543: 2542: 2541: 2539: 2538: 2537: 2518: 2517: 2516: 2506: 2504: 2494: 2492: 2482: 2480: 2468: 2458: 2456: 2448: 2424: 2419: 2370: 2366: 2357: 2355: 2346: 2345: 2341: 2284: 2273: 2262: 2256: 2252: 2213: 2209: 2158: 2151: 2136: 2135: 2128: 2071: 2067: 2018: 2009: 1999: 1997: 1985: 1981: 1932: 1928: 1879: 1872: 1840: 1834: 1830: 1799: 1795: 1756: 1752: 1713: 1706: 1702: 1675: 1648: 1630: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1591: 1575: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1557: 1556: 1555:(76146) 2000 EU 1553: 1546: 1508: 1507: 1504: 1498:Quasi-satellite 1493:Quasi-satellite 1470: 1469: 1466: 1460:Apollo asteroid 1436: 1435: 1432: 1398: 1397: 1394: 1387:Quasi-satellite 1381:Quasi-satellite 1358: 1357: 1354: 1347:Horseshoe orbit 1341:Horseshoe orbit 1318: 1317: 1314: 1308:Apollo asteroid 1280: 1279: 1276: 1241:Quasi-satellite 1235:Quasi-satellite 1208:Horseshoe orbit 1202:Horseshoe orbit 1179: 1178: 1175: 1168:Horseshoe orbit 1162:Horseshoe orbit 1135:Horseshoe orbit 1129:Horseshoe orbit 1106: 1105: 1102: 1095:Horseshoe orbit 1090:Quasi-satellite 1067: 1066: 1063: 1056:Quasi-satellite 1050:Quasi-satellite 1027: 1026: 1023: 1016:Quasi-satellite 1010:Quasi-satellite 987: 986: 983: 977:Horseshoe orbit 972:Horseshoe orbit 949: 948: 945: 911: 910: 907: 901:Horseshoe orbit 896:Horseshoe orbit 873: 872: 869: 863:Apollo asteroid 835: 834: 831: 825:Horseshoe orbit 820:Horseshoe orbit 797: 796: 793: 787:Quasi-satellite 782:Quasi-satellite 759: 758: 755: 749:Quasi-satellite 744:Quasi-satellite 721: 720: 717: 711:Horseshoe orbit 706:Quasi-satellite 683: 682: 679: 673:Horseshoe orbit 668:Quasi-satellite 645: 644: 641: 635:Horseshoe orbit 629:Horseshoe orbit 605: 604: 601: 595:Horseshoe orbit 590:Horseshoe orbit 564:Horseshoe orbit 559:Horseshoe orbit 536: 535: 534:(85770) 1998 UP 532: 526:Apollo asteroid 495:Horseshoe orbit 490:Quasi-satellite 391: 375: 344:lunar distances 340: 336: 327: 323: 320: 316: 309: 308: 305: 298: 297: 294: 287: 286: 283: 261: 260: 257: 249: 248: 245: 238: 230: 229: 226: 218: 217: 214: 206: 205: 202: 194: 193: 190: 167: 165: 145: 140: 120: 119: 116: 94: 93: 90: 66:In contrast to 29:quasi-satellite 17: 12: 11: 5: 2546: 2536: 2535: 2530: 2515: 2514: 2502: 2490: 2478: 2466: 2446: 2445: 2435: 2430: 2423: 2422:External links 2420: 2418: 2417: 2364: 2339: 2271: 2268:on 2009-07-20. 2250: 2244:10.1086/301291 2207: 2149: 2126: 2065: 2007: 1979: 1926: 1870: 1851:(2): 488–493. 1828: 1809:(1): 102–109. 1793: 1772:(3): L63–L65. 1750: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1674: 1671: 1647: 1644: 1629: 1626: 1590: 1587: 1568: 1565: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1525: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1501: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1487: 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Index


co-orbital configuration
orbital resonance
planet
dwarf planet
Sun
Analemma § Of quasi-satellites
Hill sphere
horseshoe orbits
tadpole orbits
Lagrangian points
2002 AA29
distant retrograde orbit
astronomical unit
Earth
2014 OL339
geosynchronous satellites
524522 Zoozve
Mercury-
Earth-crosser
469219 Kamoʻoalewa
(164207) 2004 GU9
(277810) 2006 FV35
2013 LX28
2014 OL339
469219 Kamoʻoalewa
2020 PP1
2023 FW13
horseshoe orbits
Lagrangian points

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