25:
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to make them perform their duties. Control, on the other hand, means the power of an officer to alter or modify or nullify or set aside what a subordinate officer ha done in the performance of his duties and to substitute the judgment of the former for that of the latter.") Notwithstanding the clear direction under
Section 2 of Executive Order No. 643, no implementing guidelines have ever been issued by the Justice Department.
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appropriated for agrarian reform. This led to the
Congressional enactment of Republic Act No. 8532 - the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law in 1988, which gave a congressional mandate for the program and formalized the automatic appropriation of PCGG'S recovered funds for that purpose. Since then, funds recovered by the PCGG have funded upwards of 80% of the Philippine budget for the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program.
273:(b) To sequester or place or cause to be placed under its control or possession any building or office wherein any ill-gotten wealth or properties may be found, and any records pertaining thereto, in order to prevent their destruction, concealment or disappearance which would frustrate or hamper the investigation or otherwise prevent the commission from accomplishing its task.
276:(c) To provisionally take over in the public interest or to prevent its disposal or dissipation, business enterprises and properties taken over by the government of the Marcos Administration or by entities or persons close to former President Marcos, until the transactions leading to such acquisition by the latter can be disposed of by the appropriate authorities.
580:, Geronimo Velasco, Anos Fonacier, Roman Cruz, Fe Roa Gimenez, Ofelia Trinidad, Alfonso Lim, Major General Josephus Ramas, Jolly Bugarin, Emilio Yap, Luz Bakunawa, Antonio Martel, Vicente Chuidian, Jose De Venecia, Alejo Ganut, BGen Jaime Echeverria, Tomas Dumpit, Ricardo Silverio, Roberto Abling, Peter Sabido, Remedios Argana, Jesus Tanchanco,
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of PHP34.59 million, and the
Marcoses' Olympic Tower apartments for net proceeds of PHP58.280 million. The PCGG was also able to earn significantly from the auction of the Marcoses' furniture, rugs, books, silverware and artwork, including 99 paintings from the Marcoses' old masters collection - notably "David with the Head of Goliath" by
443:, pointed out that this figure reflected amounts taken out of the country in the years immediately prior to the ouster of the Marcos administration, and that there was no way to accurately estimate the wealth acquired by the Marcoses since the 1950s. He suggested that the figure could be as much as $ 30 billion.
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was appointed chair of the PCGG during the administration of
President Benigno Aquino III, serving for most of Aquino III's term until Bautista was appointed head of the Philippines' Commission on Elections in 2015. Richard Roger Amurao then served as chair in acting capacity for the rest of Aquino's
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distinguishes between supervision and control: In administrative law, supervision means overseeing or the power or authority of an officer to see that subordinate officers perform their duties. If the latter fail or neglect to fulfill them, the former may take such action or step as prescribed by law
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During this time, Swiss Courts ordered the transmission to the
Philippines of documents regarding the Marcoses’ deposits in Geneva, Zurich, and Freburg. The Zurich Canton Court ordered the releases the frozen deposits to the Sandiganbayan, which was to determine their rightful owner. The PCGG filed a
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The PCGG under
Salonga achieved its first major recovery victory when Marcos crony and UNILAB founder Jose Yao Campos indicated that he wanted to make amends with the new government, and that he wanted to return the Marcos properties and cash which had been put under his name. The PCGG entered into a
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The
Roberto Benedicto compromise agreement saw the surrender of 32 corporations, US$ 16 million in Swiss bank deposits, and cash dividends in some of his companies, 100 percent of the shares for California Overseas Bank, 51% of Benedicto's agricultural lands, and shares in television stations IBC 13
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It was under
Salonga that the PCGG first reached out to the Swiss government after a search of documents left by the Marcoses in Malacañang showed that the Marcoses had deposited funds there. The documents revealed that the Marcoses had started depositing money in Swiss banks as early as 1968 – four
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During this time, the PCGG was able to recover PHP375 million from the
Security Bank accounts of Rolando Gapud and Jose Yao Campos, and a further PHP157.7 million from Security Bank Company accounts. The PCGG was also able to sell the Marcoses' Princeton Pike Property in New Jersey for net proceeds
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later said that he estimated the figure of US$ 5 billion–10 billion, based on the documentary trail left behind by the
Marcoses in 1986. Internationally, Salonga's estimate has become the popularly cited estimate of the Marcoses' unexplained wealth, and it is this amount for which the Marcoses were
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In a 1985 report to the United States Congress House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Ambassador Stephen Bosworth estimated that the Marcoses had stolen an accumulated wealth of US$ 10 billion "in recent years", in the context of the rapid decline of the Philippine economy in the early 1980s. The same
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was passed in 1988, it contained provisions saying that funds recovered by the PCGG should be automatically appropriated to fund the agrarian reform program. Since then, the PCGG has remitted significant amounts to the Department of Agrarian Reform, supplying 80% of the Philippines' agrarian reform
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Investigation of Philippine Investments in the United States: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, First and Second Sessions, December 3, 11, 12, 13, 17, and 19, 1985; January 21, 23, and
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in early 1988 called on UN Member Nations to help in the recovery of funds stolen by the leaders of Haiti and the Philippines. The council said that this was to help “prevent individuals guilty of human rights violations from profiting from their crimes,” and asserted that “The millions of dollars
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all ill-gotten wealth accumulated by former President Ferdinand E. Marcos, his immediate family, relatives, subordinates and close associates, whether located in the Philippines or abroad, including the takeover or sequestration of all business enterprises and entities owned or controlled by them,
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Soon after the PCGG was created, Aquino issued an executive order freezing the assets of the Marcoses in the Philippines, and assigning the PCGG to negotiate with foreign governments so that the Marcoses' wealth overseas could be repatriated to the Philippines, giving the PCGG diplomatic powers in
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led to PCGG temporarily gaining control over 22 million Meralco shares. These shares were eventually privatized in three batches - a PHP13.57 billion sale to the SSS and GSIS in 1994; a PHP2.6 billion sale to on October 23, 1997, to Union Fenosa Holdings in 1997; and a PHP53 million sale through
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During Salonga's term as chairperson the PCGG sequestered several billions of pesos worth of property, reached out to the governments of the United States and Switzerland to ask for help in recovering wealth Marcos had stashed in those countries, filed civil cases for the recovery of assets from
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On June 22, 1987, Aquino issued Presidential Proclamation 131 and Executive Order 229, implementing Article II Section 21 of the constitution, which states that “The State shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform.” Marcos wealth recovered by the PCGG was automatically
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They also began legal proceedings for the first 39 civil cases against the Marcoses and their cronies. In addition to the Marcoses themselves, civil cases were filed against: Alfredo Romualdez, Amando Romualdez, Jose Africa, Andres Genito, Herminio Disini, Alberto Looyuko,
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building, which has since been renamed the Trump Building, was sold in a foreclosure sale before the PCGG could make good on its claim. The 200 Madison Avenue property was the last of the properties to be sold in 1993, earning the PCGG a US$ 189,149 part of the proceeds.
282:(e) To administer oaths, and issue subpoena requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and/or the production of such books, papers, contracts, records, statement of accounts and other documents as may be material to the investigation conducted by the commission.
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In keeping with the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law in 1988, the funds recovered by the PCGG are automatically appropriated to fund the Philippines' agrarian reform programs, and has since then funded more than 80 percent of the Philippines' budget for agrarian reform.
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As part of their mandate to institute safeguards to prevent corruption, the PCGG also began pushing for the passage of what would eventually become Republic Act 6713 – the 1987 Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees.
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In 2008, the PCGG was implicated by corruption scandals after allegations came out that PCGG commissioners were "milking" sequestered surrendered corporations, using excess foreign travel allowances, and taking cash advances without liquidation.
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vary, with most sources accepting a figure of about US$ 5 billion–10 billion for wealth acquired in the last years of the Marcos administration, but with rough extreme estimates of wealth acquired since the 1950s going as high as US$ 30 billion.
279:(d) To enjoin or restrain any actual or threatened commission of facts by any person or entity that may render moot and academic, or frustrate, or otherwise make ineffectual the efforts of the commission to carry out its tasks under this order.
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The settlement in a California court case against Imelda Marcos herself resulted in the surrender of PHP11.5 million from her Sanwa Bank accounts, and most of the assets seized by US customs when the Marcoses first went into exile in Honolulu.
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Two weeks later on March 12, she signed Executive Order No. 2, freezing the assets of the Marcoses in the Philippines and authorizing the PCGG to negotiate with foreign governments to facilitate the recovery of Marcos assets abroad.
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On November 24, 2016, President Rodrigo Duterte informed the public that he wants the powers of the PCGG expanded to cover the ill-gotten wealth of other corrupt public officials and not just the Marcoses and their cronies.
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Under Salonga, the PCGG immediately put Aquino's Executive Order No. 2 into effect, sequestering several billions of pesos worth of property, including: the Malacañang jewelry collection; 236 corporations including the
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since its creation in 1986. Some of this came from money sequestered by the PCGG or surrendered under various compromise agreements, and some of it came from the sale of various surrendered or sequestered properties.
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The PCGG filed a US$ 200 million claim on 4 Marcos-owned buildings in New York City, which had already been the subject of a Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) case filed by the US Government. The
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also entered into a settlement agreement, returning PHP70 million in cash and assets, including the Lindenmire Estate in Long Island; Olympic Towers in Midtown Manhattan; and 2433 Makiki Heights Drive in Honolulu.
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The Swiss government told the PCGG to file a request under the International Mutual Assistance on Criminal Matters (IMAC) Act in order to recover US$ 340 million which the Marcoses had deposited in Swiss banks.
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legal settlement with Campos, in return for which he returned PHP2.5 billion worth of titles to 197 properties in Metro Manila, Rizal, Laguna, Cavite, Bataan, and Baguio, as well as PHP250 million in cash.
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The adoption of safeguards to ensure that the above practices shall not be repeated in any manner under the new government, and the institution of adequate measures to prevent the occurrence of corruption.
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548:(PhilComSat), Philippine Overseas Telecommunications Company (POTC), Eastern Telecommunications Philippines Inc. (ETPI), Bataan Shipyard and Engineering Company (BASECO), Chemfields Inc.,
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on Broadway was eventually sold for US$ 25 million, but the PCGG only earned a net of US$ 1.5 million from the sale after mortgages that had been taken on the property were paid. The
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during his administration, directly or through nominees, by taking undue advantage of their public office and/or using their powers, authority, influence, connections or relationship.
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from 1966 to 1986, showed that they had earned combined salaries worth P2,319,583.33 ($ 304,372.43 based on prevailing exchange rates at that time). But documents discovered in the
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The Aquino administration went through four further PCGG chairpersons before the end of her term in 1992 - Ramon A. Diaz, Adolfo Azcuna, Mateo Armando Caparas, and David Castro.
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216:. In addition to recovering the Marcos wealth, it is also tasked with investigating other cases of graft and corruption; and instituting of corruption prevention measures.
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issued Executive Order No. 1, creating the PCGG, exercising her unique position of having full possession of both legislative and executive powers as president of the new
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285:(f) To hold any person in direct or indirect contempt and impose the appropriate penalties, following the same procedures and penalties provided in the Rules of Court.
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673:. The PCGG also successfully appealed to various US District Courts forbidding the Marcoses from selling assets identified for recovery by the Philippine Government.
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Chairmanship of the PCGG changed hands thrice during the brief term President Joseph Estrada, through the early months of the succeeding administration of President
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While the PCGG was, for twenty-one years been under the supervision and control of the Office of the President, this institutional setup was changed when President
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Magtanggol C. Gunigundo was the sole chair of the PCGG during the entire presidency of Fidel V. Ramos. This period is noted for an attempted compromise deal with
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552:(SMC), and Coconut Investment Corporation; and shares of stock in 143 other companies. In addition, the PCGG secured the Award of Titles to two properties in
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and RPN 9. Meantime, the Anthony Lee compromise agreement resulted in the surrender of Lee's shares in Mountainview Real Estate Corporation.
420:, noted that the figure ultimately cited by Bosworth was a conservative estimate, and that the amount probably came closer to $ 13 billion.
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By the time Ferdinand Marcos was inaugurated president in 1965, he had already served three terms as Congressman for the second district of
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at 730 5th Avenue, was eventually sold for US$ 93.6 million, but the PCGG's share of the proceeds only amounted to US$ 769,852. The
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figure was cited by the Philippines' Office of the Solicitor General soon after Marcos was deposed by the EDSA Revolution in 1986.
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1998:
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252:(b) Investigation of any other cases of graft and corruption - which may be assigned to the commission by the President
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stolen by the deposed leaders of the Philippines and Haiti should be returned to the Filipinos and Haitian people.”
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showed that they had accumulated US$ 5 billion to US$ 10 billion worth of cash and assets, spread across the globe.
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21st & 22nd Floor, The JMT Condominium Corporation No. 27 ADB Ave. Ortigas Center, Brgy. San Antonio, Pasig City
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In 1992 Imelda Marcos threatened to sue the PCGG if they did not return all the property seized from their family
270:(a) To conduct investigation as may be necessary in order to accomplish and carry out the purposes of this order.
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In January 2013, the commission proposed to wind down operations and transfer its operations respectively to the
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2329:"VERA FILES FACT SHEET: The 1993 secret deal: what the Marcoses wanted in exchange for their ill-gotten wealth"
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1776:"VERA FILES FACT SHEET: The 1993 secret deal: what the Marcoses wanted in exchange for their ill-gotten wealth"
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Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs, United States Congress House Committee on Foreign Affairs (1987).
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473:, who had advised Aquino on how the commission should be organized, was appointed as its first chairperson.
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560:. It also began auctioning various Marcos properties, turning over the proceeds to the Bureau of Treasury.
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as having perpetrated the "largest-ever theft from a government" in 1989—a record they still hold in 2022.
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The settlement with Meralco Foundation over the Meralco shares that had been registered under the name of
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291:(h) To promulgate such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purpose of this order.
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351:. He remained President for 21 years despite the eight year (two four year terms) limitation set by the
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1284:"An Introduction to the Conclusion: 100 Day Report and Plan of Action, 1 October 2010 - 8 January 2011"
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1617:"What Marcoses brought to Hawaii after fleeing PHL in '86: $ 717-M in cash, $ 124-M in deposit slips"
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forfeiture case with the Sandiganbayan to recover the money from these frozen Marcos Swiss accounts.
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agency of the Philippines whose primary mandate is to recover the ill-gotten wealth accumulated by
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Jovito Salonga stayed on as chairperson of the PCGG for a year, eventually deciding to run in the
288:(g) To seek and secure the assistance of any office, agency or instrumentality of the government.
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1978–1989: From Roarings in the Middle East to the Destroying of the Democratic Movement in China
1293:. World Bank Group and the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime. October 2010. Archived from
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The mandates of the PCGG are spelled out under Section 2 of Executive Order No. 1, series 1986:
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255:(c) The Institution of corruption prevention measures - The executive order specifies this as "
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On February 28, 1986, three days after she was inaugurated as President of the Philippines at
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for the pending civil litigation and the disposal of assets sequestered in the past years.
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2279:"Commission on Human Rights : report on the 44th session, 1 February-11 March 1988"
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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1385:. Manila: Republic of the Philippines Presidential Commission on Good Government. 2016.
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Several settlements were accepted by the PCGG during this period - with Anthony Lee,
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Marcos' rule after his 1972 declaration of Martial Law was characterized by numerous
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The mandate of the PCGG received international support when the 44th Session of the
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Sec. 3 of Executive Order No. 1 enumerates the powers and authorities of the PCGG:
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1686:"The Missing Marcos Billions and the Demise of the Commission on Good Government"
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on July 27, 2007, placing the PCGG under the administrative supervision of the
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to the post. Yorac served until 2005 when she decided to run for a seat in the
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744:. Arroyo eventually appointed former Peace Process and Human Rights advocate
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while the Marcoses became known for an increasingly decadent lifestyle, until
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1457:"PCGG: More than P171 billion in Marcos family's ill-gotten wealth recovered"
1344:
900:
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839:
729:
597:
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in 1993 which ultimately did not push through because of public opposition.
685:, the Meralco Foundation in the case of shared registered under the name of
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known Marcos cronies, and entered into settlement deals with Marcos cronies
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1835:(Reprint 2019 ed.). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2020.
1566:"Shoes, Jewels, and Monets: The Immense Ill-Gotten Wealth of Imelda Marcos"
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shortly after she was sworn in as president in the aftermath of the 1986
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2481:"Exclusive: Government to intensify hunt for Marcos' ill-gotten wealth"
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1383:
Through the Years, PCGG at 30: Recovering Integrity –A Milestone Report
573:
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316:
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Movement of Attorneys for Brotherhood, Integrity and Nationalism, Inc.
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Presidential plunder : the quest for the Marcos ill-gotten wealth
723:
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Kasaysayan, The Story of the Filipino People Volume 9:A Nation Reborn
1321:
Manapat, Ricardo (1991) Some Are Smarter Than Others. Aletheia Press.
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The Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative (StAR) Corruption Cases Database
569:
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2195:"Sandiganbayan dismisses 1986 petition challenging creation of PCGG"
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Further efforts during the Corazon Aquino Administration (1987-1992)
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Cory, Profile of a President: The Historic Rise to Power of Corazon
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Rep of the Phil vs Sandiganbayan : 152154 : July 15, 2003
1917:
The blood bankers : tales from the global underground economy
2414:"PCGG execs, employees have P6.7 M in unliquidated cash advances"
1857:
1741:
1500:"Alfred McCoy, Dark Legacy: Human rights under the Marcos regime"
736:
Efforts during the Estrada and Arroyo administrations (1998-2010)
708:
1664:"The Supreme Court's rulings on the Marcoses' ill-gotten wealth"
1591:"Keeping Up with the First Family: The Marcoses' Life of Excess"
1484:
Magno, Alexander R., ed. (1998). "Democracy at the Crossroads".
794:
Efforts During the Benigno Aquino III administration (2010-2016)
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Others who withdrew support during the People Power revolution
1677:
1231:
850:
The following is a list of previous chairpersons of the PCGG:
635:
Towards the end of Salonga's term in the PCGG, Banana Magnate
485:
The constitutionality of the PCGG was upheld in 2022 when the
4920:
4378:
1755:"Recovering Marcos' ill-gotten wealth: After 30 years, what?"
1634:
Corona, Justice Renato Antonio Coronado (December 12, 2008),
1655:
1615:
Tantiangco, Aya; Bigtas, Jannielyn Ann (February 25, 2016).
1333:"The $ 10bn question: what happened to the Marcos millions?"
4422:
2235:. : U.P. Center for Leadership, Citizenship and Democracy.
2827:
Philippine military history during the Marcos dictatorship
2822:
Philippine economic history during the Marcos dictatorship
1941:
1450:
1448:
492:
1557:
1510:
834:
On June 4, 2019, Duterte ordered the PCGG to auction the
760:
2007 Transfer of supervision to the Department of Justice
556:—the ones at Princeton Pike and Pendleton Drive—from the
4672:
The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos
1908:
1240:"INFOGRAPHIC: The hunt for the Marcos ill-gotten wealth"
1161:"Marcos appoints former CA justice as PCGG commissioner"
1445:
1097:
669:, and "The city of venice adoring the Christ child" by
4970:
A Rustling of Leaves: Inside the Philippine Revolution
2395:"Ex-PCGG chief Sabio found guilty of grave misconduct"
2087:
1692:
608:
4693:
Subversive Lives: A Family Memoir of the Marcos Years
2571:"Marcos names ex-CA justice Sadang as new PCGG chief"
826:
Efforts During the Duterte administration (2016-2022)
173:
1803:"The long road to Marcos ill-gotten wealth recovery"
1718:
1238:
Marueñas, Mark; Perez, Analyn (September 21, 2014).
317:
Support to the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
2512:"PRRD 'officially' approves sale of Marcos jewelry"
1521:. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
1217:
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
1139:
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
805:
724:
Efforts during the Ramos administration (1992-1998)
489:denied a petition challenging the PCGG's creation.
4348:Movement of Concerned Citizens for Civil Liberties
2356:"Corruption, power struggle mar PCGG work in 2008"
1727:"Political Will guides Marcos case in Philippines"
1479:
1477:
3980:Resistance during the Marcos administration years
2321:
1955:. Quezon City, Philippines: Central Book Supply.
1831:Fischer, Heinz-Dietrich, ed. (January 20, 2020).
1684:Tupaz, Edsel; Wagner, Daniel (October 13, 2014).
377:finally led to the Marcoses being deposed by the
5083:
5067:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos
2955:Japanese Official Development Assistance scandal
1661:
1614:
659:
308:of ill-gotten wealth from the Marcoses and from
299:
1608:
1474:
1429:. Government of the Philippines. Archived from
1278:
1276:
614:years prior to the declaration of martial law.
546:Philippine Communications Satellite Corporation
4722:Sa ikauunlad ng bayan, disiplina ang kailangan
4333:Kilusan sa Kapangyarihan at Karapatan ng Bayan
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
1826:
1824:
1662:Tiongson-Mayrina, Karen (September 21, 2017).
1492:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
709:Continued pursuit of the Marcos Swiss accounts
368:the collapse of the Philippine economy in 1983
2607:
1488:. Hong Kong: Asia Publishing Company Limited.
1324:
1317:
1315:
1237:
304:As of 2019, the PCGG has recovered more than
114:(Ret.) Melchor Quirino C. Sadang, Chairperson
5102:Establishments by Philippine executive order
2304:"Gadsden Times - Google News Archive Search"
2263:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1977:
1583:
1549:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1213:"Presidential Commission on Good Government"
384:Statements of Assets filed by Ferdinand and
4928:Loyalista: The Untold Story of Imelda Papin
2213:
2093:
2029:
1821:
1753:Lustre, Philip M. Jr. (February 25, 2016).
1683:
1564:Traywick, Catherine A. (January 16, 2014).
1253:
4625:Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree
4553:Presidential Commission on Good Government
4384:United Nationalist Democratic Organization
2950:Overseas landholdings of the Marcos family
2787:Construction of "edifice complex" projects
2614:
2600:
2060:
1312:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1117:Presidential Commission on Good Government
402:the ill-gotten wealth of the Marcos family
220:addition to its quasi-judicial functions.
188:Presidential Commission on Good Government
58:Presidential Commission on Good Government
2271:
2165:"English - Department of Agrarian Reform"
2007:
1901:29; March 18 and 19; April 9 and 17, 1986
1396:
1394:
1392:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1205:
1186:Cervantes, Filane Mikee (June 13, 2024).
1185:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
756:in an acting capacity from 2005 to 2010.
653:United Nations Commission on Human Rights
538:Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation
244:– The executive order specifies this as "
4991:Why Is Yellow the Middle of the Rainbow?
2536:
2509:
2451:
2061:Crisostomo, Isabelo T. (April 1, 1987),
1724:
1627:
1563:
1110:
676:
621:
117:Angelito S. Vergel De Dios, Commissioner
4358:Task Force Detainees of the Philippines
2935:Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family
2837:Timeline of the People Power Revolution
2461:. Agence France-Presse. January 2, 2013
1986:The Guinness Book of World Records 1989
1830:
1800:
1122:
719:"including the shoes, panties and bra."
630:
493:Jovito Salonga chairmanship (1986-1987)
5084:
5062:Ferdinand Marcos's cult of personality
2119:
2096:"Manila Is Freezing All Marcos Assets"
1947:
1801:Bonquin, Carolyn (November 15, 2018).
1752:
1644:from the original on December 12, 2008
1633:
1417:
1415:
1389:
1358:
1330:
1057:
784:
227:
123:Atty. Rogelio V. Quevedo, Commissioner
4543:Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
2595:
2120:Aquino, Belinda A. (March 28, 2016).
1914:
1863:
1483:
1427:Department of Agrarian Reform Website
959:November 4, 1998 – February 16, 2001
701:Merrill Lynch Far East Ltd. in 1998.
441:Center for Research and Communication
418:Center for Research and Communication
349:1965 Philippine Presidential Election
120:Atty. Marco M. Bautista, Commissioner
4423:Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA)
4353:National Movement for Free Elections
2546:. September 28, 2010. Archived from
2013:
1519:State and society in the Philippines
1455:Bajo, Anna Felicia (June 21, 2018).
1454:
1036:September 13, 2021 – April 22, 2024
1002:September 13, 2010 – April 27, 2015
951:October 28, 1998 – November 2, 1998
845:
503:1987 Constitution of the Philippines
480:
395:
353:1935 Constitution of the Philippines
133:Raymond Anthony Dilag , Commissioner
18:
5092:Department of Justice (Philippines)
4505:Second Great Rectification Movement
4328:Justice for Aquino, Justice for All
2667:Philippines–United States relations
2459:"PCGG: Hunt for Marcos loot to end"
2094:Butterfield, Fox (March 13, 1986).
1737:from the original on July 11, 2015.
1412:
1023:September 12, 2016 – July 31, 2021
982:July 17, 2001 – September 12, 2005
609:Swiss Bank accounts of the Marcoses
439:, another noted economist from the
372:assassination of opposition senator
345:Philippine House of Representatives
13:
4313:Concerned Women of the Philippines
3417:Jose Benedicto Luis "J.B.L." Reyes
2623:Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos
2353:
2230:
2037:"Greatest robbery of a Government"
1904:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
1700:"Chronology of the Marcos Plunder"
1516:
1188:"Palace bares new PBBM appointees"
967:February 21, 2001 – July 16, 2001
913:September 1, 1990 – June 30, 1992
905:August 15, 1988 – August 31, 1990
872:February 28, 1986 – March 5, 1987
446:
14:
5113:
5025:: The Ninoy and Cory Aquino Story
2568:
2411:
2392:
1725:Heilprin, John (April 13, 2015).
1091:
992:May 2, 2005 – September 12, 2010
840:Imelda Marcos' jewelry collection
752:. Chairmanship was passed on the
416:of the Philippine think tank the
323:Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law
242:ill-gotten wealth of the Marcoses
4020:Reform the Armed Forces Movement
3215:Lorenzo M. "Ka Tanny" Tañada Sr.
2902:Murder of Juan "Johnny" Escandor
2782:1974 Sacred Heart Novitiate raid
2354:MIRROR, ZAFF SOLMERIN/BUSINESS.
1864:Quinn, Hal (December 16, 1985).
1135:"Executive Order No. 1, s. 1986"
936:July 2, 1998 – October 27, 1998
885:March 9, 1987 – August 12, 1988
806:Proposal to wind down operations
778:Pimentel, JUNIOR. v. Pagdanganan
534:Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation
23:
4343:Movement for a Free Philippines
4293:Alliance of Makati Associations
3329:Ribomapil "Dodong" Holganza Sr.
3075:Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr.
3024:Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr.
2749:Human rights in the Philippines
2719:1969 balance of payments crisis
2562:
2510:Parrocha, Azer (June 4, 2019).
2503:
2473:
2424:
2405:
2386:
2347:
2296:
2187:
2157:
2139:
2113:
2054:
1768:
1702:. Asian Journal. Archived from
816:Office of the Solicitor General
499:1987 Philippine Senate election
294:
4872:Evolution of a Filipino Family
4727:Tama na! Sobra na! Palitan na!
4037:Col. Eduardo "Red" Kapunan Jr.
3590:Academics and cultural workers
3294:Margarita "Tingting" Cojuangco
2652:Martial law in the Philippines
2067:, Branden Books, p. 257,
1989:. Bantam. March 1989. p.
1731:Swiss Broadcasting Corporation
1179:
1153:
423:The PCGG's first chairperson,
159:Executive Order No. 1, s. 1986
1:
4077:Commodore Tagumpay Jardiniano
2812:Assassination of Ninoy Aquino
2802:Beatification of Lorenzo Ruiz
2544:"3 lawyers named to the PCGG"
1103:
1015:May 14, 2015 – June 30, 2016
923:July 1, 1992 – June 30, 1998
660:Recovery of ill-gotten wealth
530:United Coconut Planter's Bank
355:by placing the country under
334:
300:Recovery of ill gotten wealth
80:Government of the Philippines
16:Independent government agency
5097:Presidency of Corazon Aquino
4686:Some Are Smarter Than Others
4375:Partido Demokratiko Pilipino
3397:Aquilino "Nene" Pimentel Jr.
2882:Murder of Archimedes Trajano
2432:"Andy Bautista to head PCGG"
2231:R., Salonga, Jovito (2000).
2122:"Remembering Jovito Salonga"
1953:Philippine political economy
1331:Davies, Nick (May 7, 2016).
379:1986 People Power revolution
326:budget as of the mid-2010s.
7:
4597:Handog ng Pilipino sa Mundo
4318:Free Legal Assistance Group
3454:Religious sector opposition
3289:Jose "Peping" Cojuangco Jr.
3263:Political sector opposition
3205:Jovito R. "Ka Jovy" Salonga
2283:hr-travaux.law.virginia.edu
1504:Ateneo de Manila University
1461:GMA News and Public Affairs
1079:
510:Congress of the Philippines
232:
10:
5118:
4548:Philippine National Police
4538:Commission on Human Rights
4510:Burial of Ferdinand Marcos
4308:Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
4303:August Twenty One Movement
3221:Business sector opposition
3180:Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr.
3090:Benjamin "Kokoy" Romualdez
3080:MarĂa Imelda "Imee" Marcos
2970:Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
2636:Batas Militar sa Pilipinas
1041:Melchor Quirino C. Sadang
838:700 million worth of
329:
5052:
5000:
4914:The Last Journey of Ninoy
4812:
4779:
4770:
4740:
4709:
4663:
4634:
4572:
4565:
4518:
4495:Anti-Aquino coup attempts
4467:
4460:
4396:
4280:
4229:
4102:
4033:Gregorio "Gringo" Honasan
3969:
3859:
3723:Gaston Z. "Gasty" Ortigas
3582:
3377:Sergio "Serge" Osmeña III
3162:
3121:
3006:
2985:
2978:
2925:
2887:Murder of Macli-ing Dulag
2845:
2797:Interim Batasang Pambansa
2757:
2642:
2633:
2023:Philippine Daily Inquirer
1919:. New York: Hachette UK.
1866:"The Marcos money empire"
1517:N., Abinales, P. (2005).
1044:April 22, 2024 – present
1035:
1032:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1004:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
969:
966:
963:
958:
955:
950:
945:
938:
935:
932:
922:
917:
912:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
881:
874:
871:
866:
542:Radio Philippines Network
262:
168:
150:
140:
104:
93:
85:
75:
67:
62:
32:This article needs to be
4700:Waltzing with a Dictator
3237:Eugenio "Geny" Lopez Jr.
3200:Gerardo M. "Gerry" Roxas
3195:Salvador H. "Doy" Laurel
3190:José W. "Ka Pepe" Diokno
3185:Corazon C. "Cory" Aquino
1915:Henry, James S. (2003).
895:July 14–August 14, 1988
558:New Jersey Supreme Court
461:revolutionary government
4780:Monuments and memorials
4717:Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa
4638:during the dictatorship
3543:The Magnificent Seven (
3412:Francisco "Soc" Rodrigo
3274:Ceferino "Joker" Arroyo
3232:Domingo M. Guevara, Sr.
3099:Florentino Sanico Solon
2627:People Power Revolution
1570:Foreign Policy Magazine
971:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
919:Magtanggol C. Gunigundo
770:Executive Order No. 643
766:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
742:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
584:, and Eduardo Marcelo.
412:Bosworth's source, Dr.
214:People Power revolution
4797:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
4323:Gabriela Women's Party
4176:Letty Jimenez Magsanoc
4080:Col. Charles Hotchkiss
3914:Emmanuel "Eman" Lacaba
3675:Emmanuel "Eman" Lacaba
3655:Gilda Cordero Fernando
3583:Academic and cultural
3227:Jose S. Concepcion Jr.
2907:Murder of Alex Orcullo
2897:Bacong Bridge massacre
2517:Philippine News Agency
2412:Ronda, Rainier Allan.
2393:Ronda, Rainier Allan.
2041:Guinness World Records
1192:Philippine News Agency
568:, Bienvenido Tantoco,
550:San Miguel Corporation
430:Guinness World Records
381:and exiled to Hawaii.
321:When the Philippines'
4787:People Power Monument
4211:Joaquin "Chino" Roces
3929:Felixberto Olalia Sr.
3816:Abraham Sarmiento Jr.
3710:Francisco Nemenzo Jr.
3427:Abraham Sarmiento Sr.
3324:Teofisto Guingona Jr.
3175:Agapito "Butz" Aquino
3164:Mainstream opposition
3070:Antonio Floirendo Sr.
2772:Proclamation No. 1081
2739:Plaza Miranda bombing
2662:Conjugal dictatorship
1506:. September 20, 1999.
1012:Richard Roger Amurao
820:Department of Finance
812:Department of Justice
774:Department of Justice
677:Settlement agreements
667:Francisco de Zurbarán
622:Yao Campos settlement
145:Department of Justice
105:Ministers responsible
4298:Anti-Bases Coalition
4288:Political coalitions
4196:Antonio "Tony" Nieva
3860:Left-wing opposition
3560:Julio Xavier Labayen
3095:Ignacio Santiago Sr.
2744:Filipino nationalism
2687:Communist insurgency
2672:American imperialism
2335:. September 28, 2017
2126:opinion.inquirer.net
2019:"Thief and Dictator"
1809:on February 27, 2021
1782:. September 28, 2017
1048:Ferdinand Marcos Jr.
1020:Reynold S. Munsayac
631:Floirendo settlement
5053:Disinformation and
4984:Season of the Devil
4886:From What Is Before
4647:Iginuhit ng Tadhana
4238:Stephen W. Bosworth
4161:Inday Espina-Varona
4083:Col. Antonio Sotelo
3831:Southern Tagalog 10
3801:Tish Pascual-Ladlad
3407:Soledad Roa Duterte
3387:Cecilia Muñoz-Palma
3122:Cabinet Technocrats
3065:Manuel Elizalde Jr.
3050:Macario Asistio Jr.
2965:Golden Buddha theft
2960:Coco Levy Fund scam
2867:Political detainees
2857:Human rights abuses
2724:First Quarter Storm
2550:on February 8, 2013
2491:on November 8, 2020
2437:The Philippine STAR
1949:Romero, Jose V. Jr.
1706:on October 23, 2015
1165:GMA Integrated News
1141:. February 28, 1986
964:Jorge V. Sarmiento
933:Felix M. De Guzman
785:Corruption scandals
364:human rights abuses
228:Mandates and powers
59:
4942:Martyr or Murderer
4935:Maid in Malacañang
4611:Saranggola ni Pepe
4480:Operation Big Bird
4232:interested parties
4186:Teodoro Locsin Sr.
4181:Jose "Pete" Lacaba
4125:Ronnie Nathanielsz
4120:Jose "Joe" Guevara
3948:Crispin Tagamolila
3826:Archimedes Trajano
3821:Antonio Tagamolila
3700:Bienvenido Lumbera
3650:Renato Constantino
3600:APO Hiking Society
3529:Mary Christine Tan
3496:Mary John Mananzan
3466:Teodoro Bacani Jr.
3352:Diosdado Macapagal
3304:Hilario Davide Jr.
3299:Roberto Concepcion
3210:Cardinal Jaime Sin
2912:Escalante massacre
2872:Palimbang massacre
2767:1972 Enrile ambush
2378:has generic name (
2175:on October 9, 2015
2100:The New York Times
2017:(March 18, 2004).
2015:Doyo, Ma. Ceres P.
1595:Martial Law Museum
1086:Operation Big Bird
1006:Benigno Aquino III
998:Andres D. Bautista
956:Magdangal B. Elma
947:Alexander Gesmundo
799:Andres D. Bautista
698:Benjamin Romualdez
687:Benjamin Romualdez
375:Benigno Aquino Jr.
57:
5079:
5078:
5075:
5074:
4766:
4765:
4561:
4560:
4531:1987 Constitution
4526:Aquino Presidency
4485:Mendiola massacre
4453:Villamor Air Base
4443:Malacañang Palace
4392:
4391:
4364:Political parties
4171:Betty Go-Belmonte
4094:Benjamin Magalong
4027:Juan Ponce Enrile
4013:Marcos G. Soliman
3993:Bonifacio Gillego
3970:Opposition in the
3739:Student activists
3715:Willie Nepomuceno
3695:Salvador P. Lopez
3640:Benedicto Cabrera
3620:Lualhati Bautista
3585:sector opposition
3516:Miguel Purugganan
3471:Mariani Dimaranan
3437:Claudio Teehankee
3367:Primitivo Mijares
3342:Eva Estrada Kalaw
3247:Alfonso Yuchengco
3055:Roberto Benedicto
3029:Juan Ponce Enrile
2877:Tictapul massacre
2777:1973 Constitution
2074:978-0-8283-1913-3
2000:978-0-553-27926-9
1842:978-3-11-086292-8
1688:. The World Post.
1423:"Q and A on CARP"
1053:
1052:
1033:John A. Agbayani
846:Past chairpersons
683:Roberto Benedicto
637:Antonio Floirendo
582:Roberto Benedicto
522:Antonio Floirendo
505:had restored the
481:Constitutionality
414:Bernardo Villegas
396:Ill-gotten wealth
390:Malacañang Palace
184:
183:
71:February 28, 1986
53:
52:
5109:
5023:Maalaala Mo Kaya
4977:Sa Dulo ng Baril
4879:Forbidden Memory
4851:A Dangerous Life
4777:
4776:
4636:Political Films
4583:Bagong Pagsilang
4570:
4569:
4465:
4464:
4243:Henry A. Byroade
4206:Napoleon G. Rama
4115:Adrian Cristobal
4054:Hector Tarrazona
3987:Ramon A. Alcaraz
3939:Jose Maria Sison
3896:Bernabe Buscayno
3840:Gerardo Faustino
3835:Cristina Catalla
3776:Bonifacio Ilagan
3728:Nemesio Prudente
3609:Boboy Garrovillo
3550:Federico Escaler
3545:Francisco Claver
3511:Magnifico Osorio
3447:Calixto Zaldivar
3402:Eduardo Quintero
3382:Ambrosio Padilla
3319:Raul M. Gonzalez
3314:Neptali Gonzales
3252:Quintin Yuyitung
3154:Carlos P. Romulo
3149:Placido Mapa Jr.
3108:Arturo Tolentino
2993:Ferdinand Marcos
2983:
2982:
2702:Jabidah massacre
2616:
2609:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2520:. Archived from
2507:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2487:. Archived from
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2377:
2373:
2371:
2363:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2262:
2254:
2228:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2201:. March 24, 2022
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2171:. Archived from
2161:
2155:
2154:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1878:on June 23, 2020
1874:. Archived from
1861:
1855:
1854:
1828:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1805:. Archived from
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1750:
1739:
1738:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1548:
1540:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1481:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1452:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1433:on July 14, 2014
1419:
1410:
1409:
1398:
1387:
1386:
1379:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1300:on July 22, 2014
1299:
1288:
1280:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1219:. March 31, 2016
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1167:. March 15, 2024
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1131:
1120:
1114:
1073:
1070:
910:David M. Castro
853:
852:
837:
578:Eduardo Cojangco
437:Jesus Estanislao
307:
240:(a) Recovery of
203:Ferdinand Marcos
180:
177:
175:
161:
99:
60:
56:
48:
45:
39:
27:
26:
19:
5117:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5071:
5054:
5048:
4996:
4956:Oras de Peligro
4808:
4772:
4762:
4736:
4705:
4659:
4637:
4630:
4557:
4514:
4456:
4388:
4283:pressure groups
4282:
4276:
4253:George Hamilton
4231:
4225:
4221:Jose Mari Velez
4151:Amando Doronila
4136:Eugenia Apostol
4112:
4098:
4042:Jose T. Almonte
4006:Danilo Vizmanos
3999:Rogelio Morales
3971:
3965:
3891:Crispin Beltran
3855:
3845:Rizalina Ilagan
3806:Nestor Principe
3796:Armando Palabay
3771:Antonio Hilario
3761:Neri Colmenares
3756:Manuel Bautista
3751:Edgar Ang Sinco
3690:Celeste Legaspi
3595:Freddie Aguilar
3592:
3584:
3578:
3565:Orlando Quevedo
3555:Antonio Fortich
3491:Isabelo Magalit
3486:Inocencio Ipong
3461:Zacarias Agatep
3432:Wigberto Tañada
3392:Vicente Paterno
3372:Ramon Mitra Jr.
3158:
3117:
3113:Nicanor Yñiguez
3060:José Yao Campos
3002:
2974:
2940:Marcos mansions
2921:
2862:Torture methods
2848:
2841:
2753:
2734:Diliman Commune
2729:Agrarian reform
2707:Manili massacre
2638:
2629:
2620:
2590:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2524:on June 9, 2019
2508:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2442:
2440:
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2429:
2425:
2410:
2406:
2391:
2387:
2375:
2374:
2365:
2364:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2308:news.google.com
2302:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2256:
2255:
2243:
2229:
2214:
2204:
2202:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2092:
2088:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1963:
1946:
1942:
1927:
1913:
1909:
1895:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1862:
1858:
1843:
1829:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1774:
1773:
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1194:
1184:
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1144:
1142:
1133:
1132:
1123:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1094:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1072:Acting capacity
1071:
1058:
1027:Rodrigo Duterte
848:
835:
828:
808:
796:
787:
776:. (The case of
762:
738:
726:
711:
679:
662:
646:
633:
624:
611:
518:Jose Yao Campos
495:
483:
449:
447:Creation (1986)
398:
337:
332:
319:
305:
302:
297:
265:
235:
230:
172:
164:
157:
136:
97:
63:Agency overview
49:
43:
40:
37:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5115:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5077:
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5070:
5069:
5064:
5058:
5056:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5039:
5032:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5009:Here Lies Love
5004:
5002:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4987:
4980:
4973:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4896:
4889:
4882:
4875:
4868:
4861:
4854:
4847:
4840:
4833:
4830:Barber's Tales
4826:
4818:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4794:
4789:
4783:
4781:
4774:
4773:historiography
4768:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4744:
4742:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4696:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4667:
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4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4650:
4642:
4640:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4578:
4576:
4567:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4490:1987 elections
4487:
4482:
4477:
4471:
4469:
4462:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4450:
4448:Ortigas Center
4445:
4440:
4435:
4433:Fort Magsaysay
4430:
4428:Fort Bonifacio
4425:
4420:
4415:
4413:Clark Air Base
4410:
4405:
4403:Camp Aguinaldo
4400:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4379:Lakas ng Bayan
4372:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4286:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4216:Maximo Soliven
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4108:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4090:
4088:Rodolfo Biazon
4084:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4073:Fidel V. Ramos
4063:
4062:
4056:
4050:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4029:
4016:
4015:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3989:
3977:
3975:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3952:Benito Tiamzon
3949:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3934:Rolando Olalia
3931:
3926:
3921:
3919:Filemon Lagman
3916:
3911:
3910:Luis Jalandoni
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3876:Conrado Balweg
3873:
3871:Lean Alejandro
3868:
3866:Fidel Agcaoili
3863:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3791:Carol Pagaduan
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3746:Lean Alejandro
3735:
3733:Kidlat Tahimik
3730:
3725:
3720:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3645:Behn Cervantes
3642:
3637:
3632:
3630:Ishmael Bernal
3627:
3622:
3617:
3611:
3606:
3597:
3588:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3570:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3506:Pacifico Ortiz
3503:
3501:Violeta Marcos
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3362:Raul Manglapus
3359:
3357:Ernesto Maceda
3354:
3349:
3347:José B. Lingad
3344:
3339:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3309:Marcelo Fernan
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3269:Jacobo Amatong
3260:
3259:
3257:Rizal Yuyitung
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3139:Armand Fabella
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3085:Roberto Ongpin
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3016:
3014:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2832:Snap elections
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2807:1981 elections
2804:
2799:
2794:
2792:1978 elections
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2714:1969 elections
2711:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2657:1965 elections
2654:
2648:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2619:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2596:
2588:
2587:
2561:
2535:
2502:
2472:
2450:
2423:
2404:
2385:
2346:
2320:
2295:
2270:
2241:
2212:
2186:
2156:
2147:"E.O. No. 229"
2138:
2112:
2086:
2073:
2053:
2028:
2006:
1999:
1976:
1961:
1940:
1925:
1907:
1889:
1856:
1841:
1820:
1793:
1767:
1740:
1717:
1691:
1676:
1654:
1626:
1607:
1582:
1556:
1527:
1509:
1491:
1473:
1444:
1411:
1388:
1357:
1323:
1311:
1252:
1230:
1204:
1178:
1152:
1121:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1092:External links
1090:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1037:
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1029:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1003:
1000:
994:
993:
990:
984:
983:
980:
974:
973:
968:
965:
961:
960:
957:
953:
952:
949:
943:
942:
940:Joseph Estrada
937:
934:
930:
929:
927:Fidel V. Ramos
924:
921:
915:
914:
911:
907:
906:
903:
897:
896:
893:
887:
886:
883:
882:Ramon A. Diaz
879:
878:
876:Corazon Aquino
873:
870:
868:Jovito Salonga
864:
863:
860:
857:
847:
844:
827:
824:
807:
804:
795:
792:
786:
783:
761:
758:
737:
734:
725:
722:
710:
707:
678:
675:
671:Paolo Veronese
661:
658:
645:
642:
632:
629:
623:
620:
610:
607:
602:40 Wall Street
594:Crown Building
566:Rodolfo Cuenca
494:
491:
482:
479:
471:Jovito Salonga
457:Corazon Aquino
448:
445:
425:Jovito Salonga
397:
394:
336:
333:
331:
328:
318:
315:
310:Marcos cronies
301:
298:
296:
293:
264:
261:
234:
231:
229:
226:
210:Corazon Aquino
196:quasi-judicial
182:
181:
170:
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163:
162:
154:
152:
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147:
142:
138:
137:
135:
134:
131:
124:
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118:
115:
108:
106:
102:
101:
100:million (2023)
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
51:
50:
44:September 2022
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5114:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5055:distortionism
5051:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5037:
5033:
5030:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5006:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4993:
4992:
4988:
4986:
4985:
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4979:
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4974:
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4965:
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4953:
4951:
4950:
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4944:
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4936:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4907:The Kingmaker
4904:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4874:
4873:
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4866:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4837:Batas Militar
4834:
4832:
4831:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4769:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4739:
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4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
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4715:
4714:
4712:
4708:
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4701:
4697:
4695:
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4690:
4688:
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4683:
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4680:
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4662:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4649:
4648:
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4641:
4639:
4633:
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4622:
4619:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4601:
4598:
4594:
4591:
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4532:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4500:UP-DND accord
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4470:
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4459:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4418:Club Filipino
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4370:Liberal Party
4368:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4279:
4274:
4273:Ronald Reagan
4271:
4269:
4268:Paul Manafort
4266:
4264:
4263:Richard Lugar
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4228:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4191:Armando Malay
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4156:Ma Ceres Doyo
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4061:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3974:
3968:
3963:
3962:Antonio Zumel
3960:
3958:
3957:Wilma Tiamzon
3955:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3901:Victor Corpus
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3881:Lorena Barros
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3851:
3850:Jessica Sales
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3786:Joel Lamangan
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3766:Liliosa Hilao
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:Bibeth Orteza
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3660:Butch Dalisay
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3635:Noel Cabangon
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3540:
3539:Ricardo Vidal
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3481:Tullio Favali
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3422:Rene Saguisag
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:Vicente Jayme
3337:
3335:
3334:Evelio Javier
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3284:Cesar Climaco
3282:
3280:
3279:Jejomar Binay
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3144:Jaime C. Laya
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3134:Onofre Corpuz
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2998:Imelda Marcos
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2945:Marcos jewels
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2917:Beew massacre
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2892:Daet massacre
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2847:Human rights
2844:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2817:Negros famine
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2692:Moro conflict
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2605:
2603:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2554:September 30,
2549:
2545:
2539:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2506:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2460:
2454:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2381:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2313:September 22,
2309:
2305:
2299:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2266:
2260:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2057:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2002:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1962:9789716918892
1958:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1926:1-56858-305-2
1922:
1918:
1911:
1903:
1902:
1893:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1860:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1825:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1756:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1687:
1680:
1665:
1658:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1630:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1552:
1546:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1487:
1480:
1478:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1449:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1384:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1318:
1316:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1241:
1234:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1056:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1031:
1028:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1007:
999:
995:
989:
985:
981:
979:
976:
975:
972:
962:
954:
948:
944:
941:
931:
928:
925:
920:
916:
908:
902:
901:Mateo Caparas
898:
892:
891:Adolfo Azcuna
888:
880:
877:
869:
865:
862:Appointed by
861:
858:
855:
854:
851:
843:
841:
832:
823:
821:
817:
813:
803:
800:
791:
782:
779:
775:
771:
767:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
733:
731:
730:Imelda Marcos
721:
720:
715:
706:
702:
699:
694:
690:
688:
684:
674:
672:
668:
657:
654:
649:
641:
638:
628:
619:
615:
606:
603:
599:
598:Herald Center
595:
589:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
525:
523:
519:
513:
511:
508:
504:
500:
490:
488:
487:Sandiganbayan
478:
474:
472:
468:
464:
462:
458:
454:
453:Club Filipino
444:
442:
438:
433:
431:
426:
421:
419:
415:
410:
406:
403:
400:Estimates of
393:
391:
387:
386:Imelda Marcos
382:
380:
376:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
327:
324:
314:
311:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
260:
258:
253:
250:
248:
243:
238:
225:
221:
217:
215:
211:
208:
204:
200:
197:
193:
189:
179:
171:
167:
160:
156:
155:
153:
149:
146:
143:
141:Parent agency
139:
132:
129:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
107:
103:
96:
94:Annual budget
92:
88:
84:
81:
78:
74:
70:
66:
61:
55:
47:
35:
30:
21:
20:
5041:
5021:
5007:
4989:
4982:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4933:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4877:
4870:
4863:
4856:
4849:
4844:Citizen Jake
4842:
4835:
4828:
4823:Ako si Ninoy
4821:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4652:
4645:
4552:
4519:Institutions
4363:
4362:
4287:
4248:Philip Habib
4201:Alex Orcullo
4166:Chit Estella
4129:
4128:
4109:
4065:
4064:
4048:Victor Batac
4018:
4017:
3978:
3973:Armed Forces
3924:Satur Ocampo
3886:Walden Bello
3811:Susan Quimpo
3781:Edgar Jopson
3737:
3736:
3705:Leah Navarro
3670:Nick Joaquin
3604:Danny Javier
3589:
3573:Jesus Varela
3534:Carlos Tayag
3521:James Reuter
3452:
3451:
3442:Haydee Yorac
3262:
3261:
3242:Jaime Ongpin
3220:
3219:
3169:
3129:Cesar Virata
3034:Romeo Espino
2635:
2578:. Retrieved
2575:Philstar.com
2574:
2569:Laqui, Ian.
2564:
2552:. Retrieved
2548:the original
2538:
2526:. Retrieved
2522:the original
2515:
2505:
2493:. Retrieved
2489:the original
2484:
2475:
2463:. Retrieved
2453:
2441:. Retrieved
2435:
2426:
2418:philstar.com
2417:
2407:
2399:philstar.com
2398:
2388:
2376:|first=
2360:ABS-CBN News
2359:
2349:
2337:. Retrieved
2332:
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2307:
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2282:
2273:
2232:
2203:. Retrieved
2198:
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2173:the original
2168:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2129:. Retrieved
2125:
2115:
2103:. Retrieved
2099:
2089:
2078:, retrieved
2063:
2056:
2044:. Retrieved
2031:
2022:
2009:
1985:
1979:
1952:
1943:
1916:
1910:
1899:
1892:
1880:. Retrieved
1876:the original
1869:
1859:
1832:
1811:. Retrieved
1807:the original
1796:
1784:. Retrieved
1779:
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1704:the original
1694:
1679:
1667:. Retrieved
1657:
1646:, retrieved
1636:
1629:
1620:
1610:
1598:. Retrieved
1594:
1585:
1573:. Retrieved
1569:
1559:
1518:
1512:
1494:
1485:
1464:. Retrieved
1460:
1435:. Retrieved
1431:the original
1426:
1405:
1382:
1348:. Retrieved
1337:The Guardian
1336:
1326:
1302:. Retrieved
1295:the original
1290:
1243:. Retrieved
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1216:
1207:
1195:. Retrieved
1181:
1169:. Retrieved
1155:
1143:. Retrieved
1138:
1112:
1098:PCGG website
988:Camilo Sabio
978:Haydee Yorac
849:
833:
829:
809:
797:
788:
763:
754:Camilo Sabio
746:Haydee Yorac
739:
727:
718:
716:
712:
703:
695:
691:
680:
663:
650:
647:
634:
625:
616:
612:
590:
586:
562:
526:
514:
496:
484:
475:
469:
465:
450:
434:
422:
411:
407:
399:
383:
361:
341:Ilocos Norte
338:
320:
306:₱171 billion
303:
295:Achievements
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
256:
254:
251:
245:
239:
236:
222:
218:
191:
187:
185:
151:Key document
128:Elihu Ybañez
86:Headquarters
76:Jurisdiction
54:
41:
33:
5001:Other media
4802:individuals
4792:EDSA Shrine
4771:Legacy and
4758:Raised fist
4732:Never again
4258:Paul Laxalt
4141:David Bueno
4104:Journalists
4060:Billy Bibit
4011:Brig. Gen.
3906:Maita Gomez
3625:Lino Brocka
3614:Jim Paredes
3569:Felix Perez
3525:Rudy Romano
3039:Fidel Ramos
2927:Kleptocracy
2697:Sabah claim
2682:Vietnam War
2339:February 4,
2205:October 29,
2179:October 18,
2151:lawphil.net
2131:January 29,
2105:January 29,
2080:December 3,
2046:January 11,
1669:February 5,
1648:February 6,
1600:February 5,
1575:February 5,
1466:February 4,
1437:October 18,
1406:lawphil.net
1402:"R.A. 8532"
1245:February 4,
1145:January 28,
357:Martial Law
5086:Categories
4858:Dekada '70
4753:Laban sign
4679:Dekada '70
4664:Literature
4408:Camp Crame
4281:Political
4146:Joe Burgos
4130:Opposition
4110:Pro-Marcos
3985:Commodore
3944:Nilo Tayag
3680:Inang Laya
3044:Fabian Ver
2644:Background
2495:August 15,
2465:January 2,
2443:August 11,
2242:9718567283
2169:dar.gov.ph
1851:1138498892
1528:0742510239
1119:dbm.gov.ph
1104:References
574:Fabian Ver
554:New Jersey
501:after the
335:Background
199:government
112:CA Justice
5036:Makinilya
4461:Aftermath
4397:Locations
4230:American
4071:Lt. Gen.
3685:Ricky Lee
3665:The Jerks
3476:Joe Dizon
3103:Lucio Tan
3012:Relatives
2580:April 22,
2528:March 29,
2333:VeraFiles
2288:April 12,
2259:cite book
1971:302100329
1871:Maclean's
1780:VeraFiles
1545:cite book
1345:0261-3077
1171:March 15,
570:Lucio Tan
507:bicameral
428:cited by
359:in 1972.
207:President
5043:Voltes V
5029:Kalapati
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