118:. After Johnson's death, Jeffs was the only remaining Priesthood Council member. He assumed leadership over the group and asserted his position that a priesthood council was no longer needed and that he alone held priesthood authority to rule. In 1991 Jeffs legally incorporated the group as the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Marianne T. Watson, in her article "The 1948 Secret Marriage of Louis J. Barlow: Origins of FLDS Placement Marriage," stated that this fundamentalist group “whole-heartedly sustained the arranged-marriage system" and that "After the death of Leroy Johnson, they advocated complete obedience to Rulon Jeffs, considering him to be the prophet, the Keyholder, and the mouth piece of God”.
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ages of 16 to 25, she informs her father of her own readiness, and is taken to meet with the prophet to tell him that she is ready to be married. While most women are approved, some are asked to wait for a time. If the prophet agrees to place her, then the future spouse is notified, and a ceremony is performed generally within the week and sometimes immediately. A woman's opinions relative to the selection of her husband are sometimes considered but not always, and she can decide against marrying a man who is selected for her, although this does not happen very frequently.
101:. This was primarily due to a belief that obedience to priesthood was necessary for salvation, that the Priesthood Council leaders were the ones entitled to revelation regarding marriage—especially plural marriage, and the fact that the members believed that placement marriage was a more divine observance than when they chose their own spouse. Members generally respected the right of the Priesthood Council to assign marriages. Parents' consent for their children to marry in plural marriage was considered relevant when they were "in harmony" with the Priesthood Council.
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Sometimes older men court younger women with parental consent. However, for teenagers, like in the LDS church, one-on-one dating is highly discouraged. Most young members go out in groups. Also, some men in good standing were appointed to give permission for others to court. Their guidance was also requested by a man looking for a wife. Most fundamentalist Mormon groups, including the FLDS, have recently stated that they no longer permit plural marriages for underage girls.
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79:(LDS Church) in the nineteenth century, in that their decisions for marriage were made by considering "varied combinations of personal attraction and principles of faith (which usually included testimony or personal revelation) along with direct or indirect influence of family and ecclesiastical leaders”. This latter method of freely choosing marriage partners is still predominately used by most
146:, but wait to be asked by the Priesthood Council. Delaying is allowed but declining is generally frowned upon. If a man does decline he's considered unfaithful for rejecting the decision made for him by the Priesthood. All of the choices about when, where, and whom he will marry are generally decisions made by the priesthood leaders.
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In a study of one fundamentalist Mormon group that does not practice placement marriage, it was learned that young people are allowed to court with the permission of the girl's parents. Fathers are generally consulted before any daughter goes out on a date; if not, the young man might be reprimanded.
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When a young man, generally around the age of twenty-one, feels ready to be married he approaches the
Priesthood Council and then they decide who he will marry. They select a wife for the young man through a process of inspiration and revelation. When a woman feels prepared to be married, around the
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The idea of placement marriage within the FLDS Church did not exist prior to the 1940s. The group which eventually became known as the FLDS changed the concepts of courtship and marriage for their followers over the past fifty years. Before that most, if not all, fundamentalist
Mormons chose marriage
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Under the placement marriage system, young members of the FLDS Church are not allowed to court or date before marriage and are discouraged to fall in love until after they are married. They are permitted to become acquainted with one another through the community, church, school, or family ties, but
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Within this group, the idea of not knowing their spouse until minutes before they are married is usually viewed as romantic. The couple is expected to learn to love one another, even if affection isn’t instantaneous. Several couples are grateful for this practice because they believe “the only sure
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may have done away with the volunteer feature for young women who didn’t come to him and say they were ready to be married. Underage marriage and marriages between close relatives has apparently been common in the FLDS Church. Arranged marriages of young girls to much older men, whom they may not
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The priesthood leader of the
Colorado City (FLDS) group chooses to arrange marriages because it reassures the members of the stability and permanence that is promised in a placement marriage. They also choose this approach so that the couples are not closely related in the isolated community. Some
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Changes in the way marriage partners were selected was one of the major issues that ultimately led to divisions of the fundamentalists Mormon community in the early 1950s. Some leaders encouraged younger girls and women to marry without their parents' knowledge or consent if their parents were
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because that church renounced polygamy in 1890 and excommunicated any of its members who were found to be practicing "plural marriage" (i.e. polygamy). Most fundamentalist
Mormons today are descendants of those who were excommunicated from the LDS Church for entering into polygamous marriages.
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who believe in or practice plural marriage. Most fundamentalist
Mormons, apart from the FLDS, do not practice arranged marriages. Rather, they believe that arranged marriages violate the members’ "free agency". Most fundamentalist Mormons today are not and never were members of the LDS Church,
197:. The wives, along with children and sometimes property, of these men are reassigned to other "more faithful" men. Some wives were reassigned more than once. If the wives did not agree to do as Jeffs instructed, they were also told to leave. Andrea Moore-Emmett, author of
43:(FLDS Church). Placement marriage is believed and practiced by members of the FLDS Church to show their commitment and obedience in order to obtain salvation for themselves and their parents; it might be considered “the most visible outward symbol of members’ devotion."
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in connection with taking under-age plural wives across state lines. Fifteen men were prosecuted for unlawful cohabitation with their plural wives and were then sentenced to serve time in the Utah State Prison; nine more were sentenced to federal prison time.
71:(also known as "The Work of Jesus Christ" or just "The Work"). Placement marriage is a practice that uniquely belongs to the FLDS Church, although there may be some similarities between the beliefs in marriage practices with the Latter Day Church of Christ.
226:, was recently "convicted of incest with teenage wives amid allegations of forced marriages and child abuse". Child marriages in the past have been common in certain areas. In the one community, young girls were marrying as young as 14 years old.
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considered "out of harmony" with priesthood leaders; such girls and women were instead encouraged to be placed in a marriage under the direction of priesthood leaders. Placement marriage became the common practice in
273:, along with their isolation contributes to their inability to leave their church, and therefore, they are unable to make decisions except those that are commanded of them by their leaders such as placement marriage.
259:, points out, “Women in Short Creek had few choices to make as adults. Here the culture of fundamentalism collaborated with the limited opportunities offered in this isolated, rural frontier community.”
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wrote this about placement marriages: “Whether a woman is already married or not, “releasings” (divorces) and “sealings” (marriages) from one man to another man are at the whim of the leader”.
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Within a year of becoming president, Warren Jeffs began to send small numbers of members to other places outside of
Colorado City and Hildale–such as the site in Texas.
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is a fundamental principle of the original LDS church, and is also considered an important part of Mormon
Fundamentalist doctrine. But Martha Sontag Bradley, author of
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Watson, Marianne. “The 1948 Secret
Marriage of Louis J. Barlow: Origins of the FLDS Placement Marriage.” Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 40, (2007) :83-136
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is permitted and considered doctrine in a large number of groups. However, most fundamentalist
Mormons deny this and say they neither permit nor practice incest.
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Instances such as this can lead to problems with the law. One man in a small group of Mormon fundamentalists called the Latter Day Church of Christ, founded by
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In
October 2002 the FLDS announced Warren Jeffs as the new president of the FLDS Church. Under Warren Jeffs' leadership, many male members were
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Driggs, Ken. “Imprisonment, Defiance, and Division: A History of Mormon Fundamentalism in the 1940s and 1950s.” Dialogue 38, (2005):65-95
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even know, are not out of the ordinary. It is also common for these men to be relatives who already have wives. One writer believes
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The Fundamentalist Latter Day Saint group is one of eight primary Fundamentalist Mormon groups; other well-known groups include the
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Before Leroy Johnson died, he dismissed two of the remaining three members of the Priesthood Council, leaving only himself and
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The process for entering a plural marriage is slightly different. Married men do not normally volunteer themselves to enter
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Bradley, Martha. “The Women of Fundamentalism: Short Creek, 1953.” Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 23 (1990):15-38
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they are not allowed to be more than just friends with anyone until the Priesthood Council arranges a spouse for them.
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The ages of a man's plural wives can vary greatly, although the first wife is generally close to the husband’s age.
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revelation comes from the prophet; they were glad to have a prophet to tell them whom to marry.”
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Quinn, Michael. “Plural Marriage and Mormon Fundamentalism.” Dialogue 31, (1998) :1-68
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Moore-Emmett, Andrea. God’s Brothel. San Francisco: Pince-nez Press, 2004.
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and David Darger were charged with both federal and state sentences.
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Righteous Branch of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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True and Living Church of Jesus Christ of Saints of the Last Days
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Criticism of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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Eyewitness accounts associated with the Joseph Smith Papyri
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Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
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Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
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Cunning folk traditions and the Latter Day Saint movement
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partners according to patterns which mirrored those of
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1248:current state
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947:Brigham Young
945:
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942:Sidney Rigdon
940:
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864:Book of Moses
862:
858:
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841:
838:
837:
836:
833:
829:
828:New Testament
826:
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823:Old Testament
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820:
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815:
813:
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619:
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613:
611:
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600:Polygamy czar
598:
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565:Current state
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467:Open marriage
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199:God's Brothel
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99:Leroy Johnson
96:
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72:
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58:
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44:
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34:
30:
21:
1615:Voree plates
1563:First Vision
1548:Bibliography
1543:Angel Moroni
1517:Sacred Grove
1442:
1431:Mormon music
1346:Universalism
1275:Civil rights
1265:Black people
1197:Spirit world
1127:Views on God
1097:Confirmation
1019:Bickertonite
962:James Strang
925:Joseph Smith
811:Sacred texts
589:
497:Polygynandry
487:Polyfidelity
403:
383:
288:Moral agency
268:
261:
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251:The idea of
250:
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178:Warren Jeffs
175:
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153:
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125:
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91:
73:
50:
35:) refers to
32:
28:
26:
1367:Jack Mormon
1324:archaeology
1309:LGBT people
1182:Restoration
1044:FLDS Church
253:free agency
247:Free agency
116:Rulon Jeffs
95:Short Creek
1643:Categories
1377:Mormon art
1297:Phrenology
1187:Revelation
1177:Priesthood
1117:Exaltation
1029:Hedrickite
621:Compersion
230:Kidnapping
67:, and the
1372:Lost boys
1362:Ex-Mormon
1102:Cosmology
1024:Strangite
857:Criticism
840:Criticism
795:Rigdonite
692:Mormonism
595:Lost boys
482:Polyandry
477:Polyamory
27:The term
1314:Violence
1243:Polygamy
762:Utah War
616:Polycule
502:Polygyny
492:Polygamy
293:Endogamy
277:See also
236:Mann Act
1531:Related
1492:Cumorah
1355:Culture
1302:Slavery
1217:Tithing
1212:Temples
1000:outline
930:outline
852:outline
717:History
580:Sealing
450:By type
1485:Places
1329:origin
1253:origin
1087:Agency
560:Origin
457:Bigamy
183:incest
47:Origin
1590:Kolob
818:Bible
609:Terms
299:Notes
1260:Race
552:FLDS
548:LDS
1645::
391:^
373:^
357:^
343:^
307:^
63:,
55:,
910:)
906:(
900:)
896:(
670:e
663:t
656:v
550:/
437:e
430:t
423:v
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