129:
67:
191:
162:
56:
124:{\displaystyle a_{x}={\text{(women with at least }}x+1{\text{ children ever born) }}/{\text{ (women with at least }}x{\text{ children ever born)}}}
164:(or the proportion of women with two children who go on to have a third) is of critical importance in determining overall fertility levels.
31:
of women with a certain number of children who go on to have another child. Calculating the PPR, also known as
28:
225:
169:
140:
34:
8:
134:
219:
24:
209:
Hinde, A (1998) "Demographic
Methods", Hodder Arnold Publication.
59:
23:(PPR) is a measure commonly used in demography to study
193:
is simply the proportion of women who become mothers.
172:
143:
70:
37:
185:
156:
123:
50:
217:
137:where two-child families are seen as the norm
16:Measure used in demography to study fertility
58:, can be achieved by using the following
218:
13:
14:
237:
110: (women with at least
100: children ever born)
203:
1:
196:
7:
10:
242:
86:(women with at least
118: children ever born)
27:. The PPR is simply the
21:parity progression ratios
187:
158:
125:
52:
188:
186:{\displaystyle a_{0}}
159:
157:{\displaystyle a_{2}}
126:
53:
51:{\displaystyle a_{x}}
170:
141:
68:
35:
135:developed countries
183:
154:
121:
48:
119:
111:
101:
87:
233:
210:
207:
192:
190:
189:
184:
182:
181:
163:
161:
160:
155:
153:
152:
130:
128:
127:
122:
120:
117:
112:
109:
107:
102:
99:
88:
85:
80:
79:
57:
55:
54:
49:
47:
46:
241:
240:
236:
235:
234:
232:
231:
230:
226:Human pregnancy
216:
215:
214:
213:
208:
204:
199:
177:
173:
171:
168:
167:
148:
144:
142:
139:
138:
116:
108:
103:
98:
84:
75:
71:
69:
66:
65:
42:
38:
36:
33:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
239:
229:
228:
212:
211:
201:
200:
198:
195:
180:
176:
151:
147:
115:
106:
97:
94:
91:
83:
78:
74:
45:
41:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
238:
227:
224:
223:
221:
206:
202:
194:
178:
174:
165:
149:
145:
136:
131:
113:
104:
95:
92:
89:
81:
76:
72:
63:
61:
43:
39:
30:
26:
22:
205:
166:
132:
64:
20:
18:
197:References
29:proportion
25:fertility
220:Category
133:In more
60:formula
222::
62::
19:A
179:0
175:a
150:2
146:a
114:x
105:/
96:1
93:+
90:x
82:=
77:x
73:a
44:x
40:a
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