303:
20:
535:
PDE5 inhibitors prolong the action of cGMP by inhibiting its degradation by the enzyme PDE5, which is found throughout the body. In the penis, PDE5 inhibitors potentiate the effects of cGMP to prolong erections and increase sexual satisfaction. However, PDE5 inhibitors do not cause erections without
420:
which is present in the prostate, although no effects on fertility have been reported. Although agents more selective for PDE5 were in development, these trials have been suspended, likely due to the saturation of the market with the introduction of agents with broad cardiovascular benefits, such as
539:
As well as their haemodynamic effects, PDE5 inhibitors have also been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and metabolic properties in several experiments. However, larger and longer-term studies are needed to establish their effectiveness and safety compared to other
471:
There are some PDE5 inhibitors, generally not approved by any health regulatory agency, that have been found as undeclared ingredients or adulterants in a variety of supplements which are sold as "natural" or "herbal" sexual enhancement products. Examples are
1322:
188:
Despite initial concerns of adverse cardiovascular events in patients prescribed PDE5 inhibitors, several long-term studies have established the safety of the drugs in both healthy patients and patients with cardiovascular risk factors.
310:
The PDE5 inhibitor story begins with the work of the
British physician and physiologist Henry Hyde Salter who, in 1886, noticed that his asthma symptoms eased after drinking a strong cup of coffee. We now know that this was due to the
675:
Belch, Jill; Carlizza, Anita; Carpentier, Patrick H.; Constans, Joel; Khan, Faisel; Wautrecht, Jean-Claude; Visona, Adriana; Heiss, Christian; Brodeman, Marianne; Pécsvárady, Zsolt; Roztocil, Karel (2017-10-01).
2804:
2970:
3157:
2483:
760:
Webb DJ, Freestone S, Allen MJ, Muirhead GJ (March 1999). "Sildenafil citrate and blood-pressure-lowering drugs: results of drug interaction studies with an organic nitrate and a calcium antagonist".
2879:
404:
which affect how quickly it acts, how long its effects last, and its side effects. Notably, although all PDE5 inhibitors preferentially inhibit PDE5, the degree to which they also inhibit other
3679:
1043:
Uzunov P, Weiss B (September 1972). "Separation of multiple molecular forms of cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase in rat cerebellum by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis".
3241:
3109:
1190:
Rao AR, Thwaini A, Ahmed HU, Shergill IS, Minhas S (July 2007). "The phosphodiesterase inhibitors and non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy: increased vigilance is necessary".
836:
Rao AR, Thwaini A, Ahmed HU, Shergill IS, Minhas S (July 2007). "The phosphodiesterase inhibitors and non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy: increased vigilance is necessary".
2809:
2779:
3378:
3264:
3197:
3064:
2115:
725:
Zhang R, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Tsang W, Lu M, et al. (November 2002). "Sildenafil (Viagra) induces neurogenesis and promotes functional recovery after stroke in rats".
3336:
3210:
3127:
2769:
416:
of the eye; this reaction is thought to be responsible for the temporary visual changes which some patients using sildenafil experience. Similarly tadalafil also inhibits
3672:
2357:
549:
3024:
3476:
3383:
3316:
3147:
3014:
3277:
3223:
3086:
3073:
3187:
2648:
3132:
2864:
3665:
1249:
3192:
2794:
2764:
3182:
2784:
493:
3137:
2789:
2613:
2608:
2108:
3422:
3019:
2759:
2628:
2618:
3034:
3029:
2859:
1766:
1909:
3440:
2350:
2458:
2101:
2063:
1628:
1528:
1518:
1488:
1425:
1355:
520:(cGMP), the main effector of the system. For example, in the penis, NO release at high levels from endothelial cells and penile nerves during
3177:
3162:
2940:
2920:
2889:
2463:
2443:
2438:
2433:
1842:
1736:
1493:
362:
3445:
3236:
3167:
2915:
2894:
2038:
2028:
1865:
1726:
1673:
1668:
1653:
1638:
1633:
1618:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1573:
1533:
1415:
1400:
1365:
1307:
366:
213:
3490:
3321:
3054:
2448:
2428:
1880:
1716:
1274:
370:
3356:
3351:
2965:
2960:
2884:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2343:
2058:
1663:
1613:
1508:
1390:
1242:
3346:
3341:
3331:
3311:
3044:
2559:
1901:
1503:
3657:
2955:
2869:
2820:
3142:
2754:
2874:
382:
71:
was the first effective oral treatment available for ED. Because PDE5 is also present in the smooth muscle of the walls of the
44:
1235:
888:
508:(NO) by vascular endothelial cells which then diffuses to nearby vascular smooth muscle cells. There, NO activates soluble
3119:
1072:
Weiss, B (1975). "Differential activation and inhibition of the multiple forms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase".
3545:
1932:
270:, although coadministration has not been linked to changes in the safety or efficacy of either agent. Combination with
224:
182:
302:
1118:
Weiss B, Hait WN (1977). "Selective cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents".
259:
137:
Sildenafil, the prototypical PDE5 inhibitor, was originally discovered during the search of a novel treatment for
2774:
437:
239:
811:
258:. The potential exists for adverse drug interactions with other drugs which inhibit or induce CYP3A4, including
3745:
3559:
517:
426:
209:, nasal congestion or rhinitis. Back pain and muscle aches are also more common in patients taking tadalafil.
1094:
798:
611:"Established and emerging therapeutic uses of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in cardiovascular disease"
3647:
2633:
2083:
815:
275:
120:
3495:
3306:
2519:
2013:
1258:
205:
is a very common ADR, occurring in >10% of patients. Other common ADRs include: dizziness, flushing,
2643:
2529:
2417:
453:
162:
3687:
3872:
3801:
3831:
3576:
3104:
2836:
2524:
525:
251:
56:
949:
Dell'Agli M, Galli GV, Dal Cero E, Belluti F, Matera R, Zironi E, et al. (September 2008).
3689:
3573:
2831:
2534:
2274:
2093:
1927:
513:
461:
170:
116:
80:
3500:
2997:
2841:
2168:
445:
291:
198:
2846:
2799:
2623:
2549:
2539:
2304:
2269:
433:
377:
are available in some countries. Other agents with weak PDE5 inhibitory properties include
174:
157:
PDE5 inhibitors are contraindicated within 24 hours (or 48 hours with tadalafil) of taking
112:
64:
396:
Although all PDE5 inhibitors share the same mechanism of action, each agent has different
8:
3510:
2299:
235:
1131:
1095:"Properties and drug responsiveness of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases of rat lung"
2741:
2698:
2372:
2294:
2187:
1215:
1173:
1148:
980:
926:
905:
861:
738:
637:
610:
521:
131:
127:
84:
79:, two PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil and tadalafil, are FDA-approved for the treatment of
773:
149:, but clinical evidence for benefit in cerebrovascular diseases is currently lacking.
2718:
2408:
2314:
2242:
2145:
1761:
1207:
1203:
1178:
1135:
1106:
1081:
1060:
1056:
1021:
972:
931:
884:
853:
849:
777:
742:
707:
699:
642:
509:
485:
405:
197:
All PDE5 inhibitors are generally well tolerated. The occurrence of side effects, or
2335:
1219:
984:
865:
115:. Sildenafil and tadalafil are also indicated for the treatment of some subtypes of
3392:
2986:
2713:
2664:
2544:
2150:
1199:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1127:
1052:
1011:
962:
921:
913:
845:
769:
734:
689:
632:
622:
457:
401:
397:
271:
166:
1000:"Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil Study Group"
327:, started preclinical work on the development of a PDE5 inhibitor (later known as
181:. PDE5 inhibitors are also contraindicated in patients with previous nonarteritic
63:, facilitating erection with sexual stimulation, and are used in the treatment of
3580:
3251:
3039:
2638:
2309:
2182:
1972:
1781:
489:
422:
287:
138:
55:
cells lining the blood vessels supplying various tissues. These drugs dilate the
2128:
1016:
999:
998:
Goldstein I, Lue TF, Padma-Nathan H, Rosen RC, Steers WD, Wicker PA (May 1998).
694:
677:
223:
Since 2007 there has been evidence to suggest that PDE5 inhibitors can cause an
3846:
3259:
3152:
3049:
2749:
2736:
2723:
2369:
2160:
1967:
1741:
1721:
1465:
1332:
1227:
529:
481:
324:
312:
3866:
3541:
3290:
3099:
2728:
2708:
2703:
2688:
2163:
2048:
2008:
1917:
1701:
703:
473:
449:
228:
158:
52:
883:(in German) (2009/2010 ed.). Vienna: Österreichischer Apothekerverlag.
504:
Part of the physiological process of vasodilatation involves the release of
408:
influences their side effect profile. For example, sildenafil also inhibits
3735:
3720:
3706:
3697:
3693:
3618:
3594:
2925:
2693:
2393:
2380:
2366:
2202:
2192:
2043:
1982:
1947:
1937:
1847:
1603:
1543:
1385:
1211:
1182:
976:
935:
917:
857:
781:
746:
711:
660:
Kandeel FR. "Treatment of
Erectile Dsyfunction in Men with Heart Disease".
646:
505:
441:
267:
263:
142:
126:
PDE5 inhibitors have been used as a second line therapy in severe cases of
3624:
cGMP preferring PDE inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil, paraxanthine, tadalafil)
1064:
1025:
234:
Finally, there are concerns that PDE5 inhibitors may increase the risk of
3753:
3631:
3402:
3326:
2935:
2930:
2815:
2656:
2554:
2398:
2319:
2237:
2227:
2222:
2207:
2177:
2023:
2018:
1977:
1942:
1870:
1837:
1751:
1683:
1643:
1623:
1578:
1538:
1523:
1455:
1450:
1370:
1360:
1302:
1284:
1110:
1085:
468:
due to our greater appreciation of their broad physiological properties.
354:
283:
178:
60:
1139:
678:"ESVM guidelines – the diagnosis and management of Raynaud's phenomenon"
3815:
3786:
3768:
3763:
3604:
3584:
3518:
3172:
2589:
2584:
2473:
2453:
2289:
2232:
2217:
2212:
2033:
1875:
1801:
1776:
1706:
1608:
1553:
1513:
1478:
1473:
1445:
1440:
1420:
1375:
1350:
951:"Potent inhibition of human phosphodiesterase-5 by icariin derivatives"
477:
378:
346:
338:
328:
104:
96:
68:
48:
40:
24:
967:
950:
627:
3810:
3791:
3730:
3715:
3590:
3549:
3412:
3407:
2468:
2324:
2197:
2137:
2053:
1987:
1952:
1885:
1819:
1791:
1771:
1746:
1568:
1548:
1430:
1410:
1405:
1380:
1340:
1279:
386:
374:
342:
206:
100:
72:
201:(ADRs), with PDE5 inhibitors depends on the dose and type of agent.
3851:
3836:
3758:
3725:
3611:
3567:
3553:
3468:
3370:
3059:
2950:
2497:
2388:
2284:
2247:
2068:
2003:
1962:
1922:
1796:
1711:
1648:
1598:
1558:
1483:
1345:
1317:
465:
358:
350:
316:
217:
202:
177:. Concurrent use of these medications can lead to life-threatening
108:
812:"FDA Announces Revisions to Labels for Cialis, Levitra and Viagra"
3841:
3531:
3397:
2910:
2905:
2854:
2673:
2668:
2594:
2514:
2503:
2124:
1756:
1731:
1658:
1563:
1498:
1435:
948:
390:
238:
in pregnant women, and trials investigating use of the drugs for
2123:
3627:
3523:
3417:
2980:
1786:
1678:
1395:
674:
413:
332:
320:
255:
146:
1895:
1857:
997:
417:
19:
1146:
3505:
3432:
3006:
2264:
1957:
1829:
1811:
1312:
1294:
1266:
550:
Discovery and development of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors
409:
279:
134:
per The
European Society for Vascular Medicine guidelines.
76:
759:
319:, a non-selective, albeit weak, PDE5 inhibitor. In 1986,
609:
Tzoumas N, Farrah TE, Dhaun N, Webb DJ (November 2019).
282:
is contraindicated because potentially life-threatening
141:. Studies in 2002 explored its potential for increasing
119:, while tadalafil is also licensed for the treatment of
111:(Stendra) are clinically indicated for the treatment of
1189:
1147:
Kanthapillai P, Lasserson T, Walters E (October 2004).
835:
2389:
Nitroxyl anion (NO; oxonitrate(1-), hyponitrite anion)
903:
662:
608:
440:
are undergoing research in several conditions such as
2365:
524:
leads to relaxation of the smooth vasculature of the
801:
2006. Adelaide: Australian
Medicines Handbook; 2006.
2880:
Methylamine hexamethylene methylamine/NO (MAHMA/NO)
724:
432:Nevertheless, PDE5 inhibitors already marketed for
87:benefits of PDE5 inhibitors are being appreciated.
904:Boswell-Smith V, Spina D, Page CP (January 2006).
220:would be added to drug labels of PDE5 inhibitors.
2694:Amyl nitrite (isoamyl nitrite, isopentyl nitrite)
250:PDE5 inhibitors are primarily metabolized by the
43:that works by blocking the degradative action of
3864:
1257:
353:are the main agents marketed globally, although
2555:Naproxcinod (nitronaproxen; AZD-3582, HCT-3012)
829:
216:(FDA) announced that a warning about possible
95:Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors such as
3673:
2971:N-Acetyl-N-acetoxy-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide
2530:Ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN; nitroglycol)
2351:
2109:
1243:
1120:Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
1153:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1092:
1042:
872:
286:may occur. PDE5 inhibitors do not interact
3680:
3666:
2358:
2344:
2116:
2102:
1250:
1236:
2714:Isobutyl nitrite (2-methylpropyl nitrite)
2624:Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate (GTN))
1172:
1117:
1015:
966:
925:
878:
693:
636:
626:
27:(Viagra), the prototypical PDE5 inhibitor
301:
18:
2790:S-Nitrosocysteine (SNC, CysNO, SNO-Cys)
2780:S-Nitroso-N-valerylpenicillamine (SNVP)
1149:"Sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension"
804:
793:
791:
3865:
3688:Medications used in the management of
2775:S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)
2649:Sodium trioxodinitrate (Angeli's salt)
1074:Advances in Cyclic Nucleotide Research
499:
45:cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5
3661:
2339:
2097:
1231:
1071:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
3610:non-selective PDE inhibitors (e.g.,
2394:Nitric oxide (NO; nitrogen monoxide)
788:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
306:Tadalafil STADA Pharma - T20 - 20 mg
245:
152:
2634:Pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN)
2520:Diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN)
1132:10.1146/annurev.pa.17.040177.002301
1004:The New England Journal of Medicine
659:
183:anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy
13:
3539:Indirect/downstream NO modulators:
3307:Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)
2416:
1035:
762:The American Journal of Cardiology
739:10.1161/01.STR.0000034399.95249.59
192:
33:phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor
14:
3884:
3337:Nitroarginine methyl ester (NAME)
2800:S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO, SNOG)
2770:S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC)
2644:Propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN)
2399:Nitrosonium (NO; nitrosyl cation)
561:
214:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
1204:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.06839.x
850:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.06839.x
3746:Endothelin receptor antagonists
3690:pulmonary arterial hypertension
2865:Diethylenetriamine/NO (DETA/NO)
1093:Fertel R, Weiss B (July 1976).
991:
942:
910:British Journal of Pharmacology
897:
664:. CRC Press, 2013. p. 453.
615:British Journal of Pharmacology
540:medications in other diseases.
438:pulmonary arterial hypertension
427:endothelin receptor antagonists
90:
3065:N-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (
1165:10.1002/14651858.CD003562.pub2
906:"Phosphodiesterase inhibitors"
753:
718:
668:
653:
518:cyclic guanosine monophosphate
185:and hereditary eye diseases.
1:
3648:Receptor/signaling modulators
3317:Guanidinoethyldisulfide (GED)
2535:Isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN)
2525:Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN)
2084:Receptor/signaling modulators
1045:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
799:Australian Medicines Handbook
774:10.1016/S0002-9149(99)00044-2
555:
2785:S-Nitrosocaptopril (SNO-Cap)
2614:Nitroflurbiprofen (HCT-1026)
2609:Nitroatorvastatin (NCX-6560)
2127:, including antispasmodics (
1259:Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
1057:10.1016/0005-2744(72)90060-5
912:. 147 Suppl 1 (S1): S252-7.
816:Food and Drug Administration
254:enzyme system, particularly
121:benign prostatic hyperplasia
7:
3260:Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)
3153:Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)
3050:Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)
2814:N-Nitroso compounds (e.g.,
2629:Nitropravastatin (NCX-6550)
2540:Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN)
1017:10.1056/NEJM199805143382001
955:Journal of Natural Products
543:
297:
10:
3889:
3546:AT-II receptor antagonists
3291:Nitroarginine (NNA, NOARG)
3128:1-Amino-2-hydroxyguanidine
3100:Nitroarginine (NNA, NOARG)
2847:Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)
532:and a sustained erection.
3824:
3800:
3777:
3744:
3705:
3641:
3458:
3431:
3369:
3299:
3250:
3118:
3005:
2996:
2979:
2496:
2407:
2379:
2256:
2159:
2136:
2077:
1996:
1908:
1894:
1856:
1828:
1810:
1692:
1464:
1331:
1293:
1265:
879:Haberfeld H, ed. (2009).
695:10.1024/0301-1526/a000661
454:intermittent claudication
225:anterior optic neuropathy
163:soluble guanylate cyclase
3832:Calcium channel blockers
3025:3-Chloro-5-nitroindazole
2860:Diethylamine/NO (DEA/NO)
2832:Metal nitrosyl complexes
2760:S-Nitrosoalbumin (SNALB)
2454:Cinaciguat (BAY 58-2667)
412:which is present in the
240:fetal growth restriction
83:. As of 2019, the wider
3617:PDE9 inhibitors (e.g.,
3105:Pentamidine isethionate
3015:3-Bromo-7-nitroindazole
2902:Heterocyclic compounds:
2426:Activators/stimulators:
331:) for the treatment of
260:HIV protease inhibitors
3574:L-Type calcium channel
2275:Salicylhydroxamic acid
1928:Choline theophyllinate
1099:Molecular Pharmacology
918:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706495
514:guanosine triphosphate
462:chronic kidney disease
442:resistant hypertension
307:
199:adverse drug reactions
171:isosorbide mononitrate
130:when it is related to
117:pulmonary hypertension
81:pulmonary hypertension
28:
23:Chemical structure of
3178:Cindunistat (SD-6010)
3133:2-Ethylaminoguanidine
2890:Spermine/NO (SPER/NO)
2687:O-Nitroso compounds (
1346:Amrinone (inamrinone)
446:myocardial infarction
305:
242:have been suspended.
22:
3564:receptor antagonists
3237:Ronopterin (VAS-203)
2936:Molsidomine (SIN-10)
2857:(diazeniumdiolates):
2837:Roussin's black salt
2550:Mannitol hexanitrate
2305:Pentosan polysulfate
2270:Acetohydroxamic acid
536:sexual stimulation.
458:Raynaud's phenomenon
434:erectile dysfunction
175:isosorbide dinitrate
169:medications such as
113:erectile dysfunction
65:erectile dysfunction
39:) is a vasodilating
2931:Linsidomine (SIN-1)
2828:Nitrosyl compounds:
2795:S-Nitrosodiclofenac
2765:S-Nitrosated AR545C
2750:S-Nitroso compounds
2300:Magnesium hydroxide
500:Mechanism of action
231:increase is small.
218:sudden hearing loss
3825:Adjunctive therapy
2842:Roussin's red salt
2699:Cyclohexyl nitrite
2590:Nipradilol (K-351)
2295:Dimethyl sulfoxide
522:sexual stimulation
494:thioquinapiperifil
406:phosphodiesterases
329:sildenafil citrate
308:
236:neonatal mortality
179:low blood pressure
132:systemic sclerosis
128:Raynaud phenomenon
29:
3860:
3859:
3655:
3654:
3480:
3471:
3454:
3453:
3387:
3365:
3364:
3285:
3281:
3272:
3268:
3265:N-(1-Iminoethyl)-
3231:
3227:
3218:
3214:
3211:N-(1-Iminoethyl)-
3205:
3201:
3198:N-(1-Iminoethyl)-
3138:2-Iminopiperidine
3094:
3090:
3081:
3077:
3068:
2990:
2719:Isopropyl nitrite
2665:Nitroso compounds
2507:
2492:
2491:
2333:
2332:
2315:Phenyl salicylate
2257:Other urologicals
2243:Trospium chloride
2146:Ammonium chloride
2091:
2090:
1762:Nitrosoprodenafil
1192:BJU International
968:10.1021/np800049y
890:978-3-85200-196-8
838:BJU International
797:Rossi S, editor.
628:10.1111/bph.14920
621:(24): 5467–5488.
526:corpus cavernosum
510:guanylate cyclase
486:nitrosoprodenafil
466:diabetes mellitus
272:nitrovasodilators
246:Drug interactions
153:Contraindications
57:corpora cavernosa
16:Vasodilating drug
3880:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3659:
3658:
3581:dihydropyridines
3481:-arginine (NOHA)
3478:
3469:
3423:alpha aminoacids
3393:chlorogenic acid
3388:-arginine (NOHA)
3385:
3283:
3279:
3270:
3266:
3229:
3225:
3216:
3212:
3203:
3199:
3092:
3088:
3079:
3075:
3066:
3020:3-Chloroindazole
3003:
3002:
2994:
2993:
2984:
2682:
2681:
2619:Nitrofluvastatin
2603:
2602:
2545:Itramin tosilate
2501:
2414:
2413:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2151:Calcium chloride
2118:
2111:
2104:
2095:
2094:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1186:
1176:
1143:
1114:
1089:
1068:
1030:
1029:
1019:
1010:(20): 1397–404.
995:
989:
988:
970:
946:
940:
939:
929:
901:
895:
894:
876:
870:
869:
833:
827:
826:
824:
823:
808:
802:
795:
786:
785:
757:
751:
750:
722:
716:
715:
697:
672:
666:
665:
657:
651:
650:
640:
630:
606:
423:SGLT2 inhibitors
402:pharmacodynamics
398:pharmacokinetics
292:antihypertensive
165:stimulators, or
3888:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3873:PDE5 inhibitors
3863:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3820:
3796:
3779:PDE5 inhibitors
3773:
3740:
3701:
3686:
3656:
3651:
3637:
3601:PDE5 inhibitors
3563:
3527:
3514:
3450:
3427:
3361:
3295:
3246:
3114:
3040:7-Nitroindazole
3035:6-Nitroindazole
3030:5-Nitroindazole
2983:
2975:
2752:(thionitrites):
2680:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2639:Propatylnitrate
2601:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2500:
2488:
2403:
2375:
2364:
2334:
2329:
2310:Phenazopyridine
2252:
2183:Desfesoterodine
2169:antimuscarinics
2166:
2155:
2132:
2122:
2092:
2087:
2073:
1992:
1973:Propentofylline
1904:
1890:
1852:
1824:
1806:
1782:Sulfoaildenafil
1767:Norcarbodenafil
1688:
1460:
1327:
1289:
1261:
1256:
1226:
1159:(4): CD003562.
1038:
1036:Further reading
1033:
996:
992:
947:
943:
902:
898:
891:
877:
873:
834:
830:
821:
819:
810:
809:
805:
796:
789:
768:(5A): 21C–28C.
758:
754:
733:(11): 2675–80.
723:
719:
673:
669:
658:
654:
607:
562:
558:
546:
512:which converts
502:
490:sulfoaildenafil
300:
288:synergistically
252:cytochrome P450
248:
227:, although the
195:
193:Adverse effects
155:
107:(Levitra), and
93:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3886:
3876:
3875:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3847:Oxygen therapy
3844:
3839:
3834:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3783:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3750:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3712:
3710:
3703:
3702:
3685:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3662:
3653:
3652:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3625:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3598:
3588:
3571:
3561:
3557:
3542:ACE inhibitors
3535:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3484:
3483:
3474:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3275:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3221:
3208:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3084:
3071:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3011:
3009:
3000:
2991:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2913:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2824:
2823:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2745:-Butyl nitrite
2739:
2737:Pentyl nitrite
2734:
2732:-Butyl nitrite
2726:
2724:Methyl nitrite
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2689:alkyl nitrites
2678:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2510:
2508:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2422:
2420:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2363:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2340:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2164:antispasmodics
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2098:
2089:
2088:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1968:Pentoxifylline
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1914:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1862:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1834:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1816:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1742:Homosildenafil
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1722:Benzamidenafil
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1232:
1225:
1224:
1187:
1144:
1115:
1090:
1069:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1031:
990:
941:
896:
889:
871:
828:
803:
787:
752:
717:
688:(6): 413–423.
667:
652:
559:
557:
554:
553:
552:
545:
542:
530:vasocongestion
501:
498:
482:homosildenafil
323:scientists at
315:properties of
313:bronchodilator
299:
296:
247:
244:
194:
191:
159:alpha-blockers
154:
151:
92:
89:
85:cardiovascular
37:PDE5 inhibitor
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3885:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3683:
3678:
3676:
3671:
3669:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3640:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3475:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3441:Calmidazolium
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3276:
3274:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3222:
3220:
3209:
3207:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3085:
3083:
3072:
3070:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2709:Hexyl nitrite
2707:
2705:
2704:Ethyl nitrite
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2684:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2114:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2049:Proxyphylline
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2009:Diprophylline
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1918:Aminophylline
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1910:Non-selective
1907:
1903:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1702:Acetildenafil
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1105:(4): 678–87.
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
994:
986:
982:
978:
974:
969:
964:
961:(9): 1513–7.
960:
956:
952:
945:
937:
933:
928:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
900:
892:
886:
882:
881:Austria-Codex
875:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
832:
817:
813:
807:
800:
794:
792:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
756:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
721:
713:
709:
705:
701:
696:
691:
687:
683:
679:
671:
663:
656:
648:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
620:
616:
612:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
565:
560:
551:
548:
547:
541:
537:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
474:acetildenafil
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:heart failure
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
304:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:nitroglycerin
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
243:
241:
237:
232:
230:
229:absolute risk
226:
221:
219:
215:
212:In 2007, the
210:
208:
204:
200:
190:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
150:
148:
144:
140:
135:
133:
129:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
53:smooth muscle
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
26:
21:
3778:
3736:Treprostinil
3721:Epoprostenol
3707:Prostacyclin
3644:
3643:
3619:paraxanthine
3600:
3595:beta blocker
3538:
3487:
3465:
3269:-ornithine (
3202:-ornithine (
2947:
2926:Feprosidnine
2921:Sydnonimines
2919:
2904:
2901:
2853:
2830:
2827:
2816:nitrosamines
2813:
2748:
2742:
2729:
2686:
2663:
2513:
2480:
2459:GSK-2181236A
2425:
2367:Nitric oxide
2281:
2263:
2203:Imidafenacin
2193:Fesoterodine
2080:
2079:
2064:Tolafentrine
2044:Pentifylline
1983:Theophylline
1948:Enprofylline
1938:Dipyridamole
1848:Paraxanthine
1693:
1629:Pumafentrine
1604:Mesembrenone
1544:Ensifentrine
1529:Denbutylline
1519:Cipamfylline
1489:Benafentrine
1426:Pumafentrine
1386:Ensifentrine
1356:Benafentrine
1195:
1191:
1156:
1152:
1123:
1119:
1102:
1098:
1077:
1073:
1051:(1): 220–6.
1048:
1044:
1007:
1003:
993:
958:
954:
944:
909:
899:
880:
874:
841:
837:
831:
820:. Retrieved
818:. 2007-10-18
806:
765:
761:
755:
730:
726:
720:
685:
681:
670:
661:
655:
618:
614:
538:
534:
506:nitric oxide
503:
470:
431:
395:
337:
325:Sandwich, UK
309:
268:itraconazole
264:ketoconazole
249:
233:
222:
211:
196:
187:
156:
143:neurogenesis
136:
125:
94:
91:Medical uses
36:
32:
30:
3804:stimulators
3754:Ambrisentan
3632:simvastatin
3466:Precursors:
3403:epicatechin
3327:Indospicine
3282:-arginine (
3228:-arginine (
3163:AR-C 102222
3091:-arginine (
3078:-arginine (
2941:Sydnonimine
2674:Nitrite (NO
2657:Trolnitrate
2653:Tenitramine
2595:Nitrate (NO
2481:Inhibitors:
2464:Praliciguat
2444:BAY 60-4552
2439:BAY 41-8543
2434:BAY 41-2272
2320:Succinimide
2238:Tolterodine
2228:Solifenacin
2223:Propiverine
2208:Meladrazine
2178:Darifenacin
2167:(primarily
2125:Urologicals
2024:Lisofylline
2019:Furafylline
1978:Theobromine
1943:Doxofylline
1871:Mardepodect
1843:PF-04447943
1838:BAY 73-6691
1752:Mirodenafil
1737:Gisadenafil
1684:Zardaverine
1644:Roflumilast
1624:Piclamilast
1579:Irsogladine
1539:Drotaverine
1524:Crisaborole
1494:Catramilast
1456:Zardaverine
1451:Vesnarinone
1371:Cilostamide
1361:Bucladesine
1303:BAY 60-7550
1285:Vinpocetine
1080:: 195–211.
363:gisadenafil
355:mirodenafil
290:with other
284:hypotension
75:within the
3816:Vericiguat
3787:Sildenafil
3769:Sitaxentan
3764:Macitentan
3605:sildenafil
3585:nifedipine
3488:Cofactors:
3477:N-Hydroxy-
3384:N-Hydroxy-
3173:Canavanine
3168:BYK-191023
2987:inhibitors
2916:REC15/2739
2895:V-PYRRO/NO
2585:Nicorandil
2474:Vericiguat
2373:modulators
2290:Dapoxetine
2267:analogues:
2233:Terodiline
2218:Oxybutynin
2213:Mirabegron
2188:Emepronium
2138:Acidifiers
2039:Oxagrelate
2034:Moxaverine
2029:MDL-12330A
1876:Papaverine
1866:Balipodect
1802:Vardenafil
1777:Sildenafil
1727:Dasantafil
1707:Aildenafil
1674:Tofimilast
1669:Tetomilast
1654:Ronomilast
1639:Ro 20-1724
1634:Revamilast
1619:Oglemilast
1609:Mesembrine
1594:Lotamilast
1589:Lirimilast
1584:Lavamilast
1574:Indimilast
1554:Filaminast
1534:Difamilast
1514:Cilomilast
1479:Arofylline
1474:Apremilast
1446:Trequinsin
1441:Siguazodan
1421:Pimobendan
1416:Parogrelil
1401:Meribendan
1376:Cilostazol
1366:Carbazeran
1351:Anagrelide
1308:Carbazeran
1198:(1): 3–4.
1126:: 441–77.
844:(1): 3–4.
822:2011-10-30
556:References
528:, causing
478:aildenafil
379:fenspiride
367:yonkenafil
347:vardenafil
339:Sildenafil
105:vardenafil
103:(Cialis),
99:(Viagra),
97:sildenafil
73:arterioles
69:Sildenafil
49:cyclic GMP
47:(PDE5) on
25:sildenafil
3837:Diuretics
3811:Riociguat
3792:Tadalafil
3731:Selexipag
3716:Beraprost
3709:analogues
3645:See also:
3591:Nebivolol
3550:captopril
3472:-Arginine
3413:norvaline
3408:ornithine
3322:GW-273629
3278:N-Methyl-
3224:N-Methyl-
3215:-lysine (
3087:N-Propyl-
3074:N-Methyl-
3055:ARL-17477
2948:Unsorted:
2498:NO donors
2469:Riociguat
2449:BI-703704
2429:Ataciguat
2370:signaling
2325:Tiopronin
2198:Flavoxate
2081:See also:
2054:Quercetin
1988:Zaprinast
1953:Ibudilast
1886:Tofisopam
1881:TC-E 5005
1820:BRL-50481
1792:Tadalafil
1772:SCH-51866
1747:Lodenafil
1717:Beminafil
1569:ICI-63197
1549:Etazolate
1431:Quazinone
1411:Olprinone
1406:Milrinone
1381:Enoximone
1341:Adibendan
1280:SCH-51866
704:0301-1526
516:(GTP) to
387:zaprinast
375:lodenafil
371:tunodafil
343:tadalafil
207:dyspepsia
101:tadalafil
3867:Category
3852:Warfarin
3759:Bosentan
3726:Iloprost
3612:caffeine
3577:blockers
3568:bosentan
3554:losartan
3371:Arginase
3357:VAS-2381
3352:ONO-1714
3300:Unsorted
3060:Indazole
2966:FR146881
2961:FR144220
2951:Cimlanod
2906:Furoxans
2885:PROLI/NO
2855:NONOates
2805:SNO-t-PA
2669:nitrites
2580:NCX-4215
2575:NCX 4040
2570:NCX-4016
2565:NCX-2216
2515:Nitrates
2504:prodrugs
2285:Collagen
2248:Vibegron
2069:Trapidil
2059:Satigrel
2004:Diazepam
1997:Unsorted
1963:Luteolin
1923:Caffeine
1797:Udenafil
1712:Avanafil
1664:RS-25344
1649:Rolipram
1614:Mesopram
1599:Luteolin
1559:Glaucine
1509:CGH-2466
1484:Atizoram
1391:Imazodan
1318:Oxindole
1220:43862884
1212:17488310
1183:15495058
985:86637628
977:18778098
936:16402111
866:43862884
858:17488310
782:10078539
747:12411660
712:28895508
647:31721165
544:See also
359:udenafil
351:avanafil
317:caffeine
298:Examples
274:such as
203:Headache
109:avanafil
3842:Digoxin
3630:(e.g.,
3628:Statins
3603:(e.g.,
3579:(e.g.,
3566:(e.g.,
3548:(e.g.,
3398:ginseng
3347:NXN-462
3342:NCX-456
3332:KD-7040
3312:CKD-712
3045:A-84643
2911:Furoxan
2810:SNO-vWF
2560:NCX-466
2409:Targets
2161:Urinary
1902:BC11-38
1757:MY-5445
1732:Icariin
1659:RPL-554
1564:HT-0712
1504:CDP-840
1499:CC-1088
1436:RPL-554
1174:6396057
1065:4342220
1026:9580646
927:1760738
638:7707100
391:icariin
294:drugs.
167:nitrate
59:of the
51:in the
3459:Others
3418:lysine
2981:Enzyme
2956:FK-409
2870:GLO/NO
2821:SIN-1A
2282:Other:
1787:T-0156
1679:YM-976
1396:KMUP-1
1218:
1210:
1181:
1171:
1138:
1111:183099
1109:
1086:165666
1084:
1063:
1024:
983:
975:
934:
924:
887:
864:
856:
780:
745:
727:Stroke
710:
702:
645:
635:
488:, and
464:, and
414:retina
373:) and
333:angina
321:Pfizer
266:, and
256:CYP3A4
147:stroke
145:after
139:angina
67:(ED).
3491:NADPH
3286:-NMA)
3273:-NIO)
3232:-NMA)
3219:-NIL)
3206:-NIO)
3148:AEITU
3143:1400W
3095:-NPA)
3082:-NMA)
3069:-NIO)
2755:LA810
2381:Forms
2014:DPCPX
1896:PDE11
1858:PDE10
1216:S2CID
1140:17360
981:S2CID
862:S2CID
418:PDE11
77:lungs
61:penis
3506:Heme
3433:CAMK
3252:eNOS
3242:TRIM
3193:MITU
3188:IPTU
3183:EITU
3120:iNOS
3110:TRIM
3007:nNOS
2875:JS-K
2743:tert
2265:Urea
2129:G04B
1958:IBMX
1830:PDE9
1812:PDE7
1694:PDE5
1466:PDE4
1333:PDE3
1313:EHNA
1295:PDE2
1275:MMPX
1267:PDE1
1208:PMID
1179:PMID
1157:2004
1136:PMID
1107:PMID
1082:PMID
1061:PMID
1022:PMID
973:PMID
932:PMID
885:ISBN
854:PMID
778:PMID
743:PMID
708:PMID
700:ISSN
682:Vasa
643:PMID
436:and
425:and
410:PDE6
400:and
389:and
383:MBCQ
349:and
280:PETN
278:and
41:drug
3802:sGC
3698:C02
3694:B01
3519:CaM
3501:FMN
3496:FAD
3446:W-7
3379:ABH
3158:AMT
2998:NOS
2484:ODQ
2418:sGC
1933:CPX
1323:PDP
1200:doi
1196:100
1169:PMC
1161:doi
1128:doi
1053:doi
1049:284
1012:doi
1008:338
963:doi
922:PMC
914:doi
846:doi
842:100
770:doi
735:doi
690:doi
633:PMC
623:doi
619:177
335:.
173:or
3869::
3696:,
3583::
3560:ET
3552:,
3532:Ca
3511:BH
2918:;
2818:):
2812:;
2747:;
2691:):
2685:;
1214:.
1206:.
1194:.
1177:.
1167:.
1155:.
1151:.
1134:.
1124:17
1122:.
1103:12
1101:.
1097:.
1076:.
1059:.
1047:.
1020:.
1006:.
1002:.
979:.
971:.
959:71
957:.
953:.
930:.
920:.
908:.
860:.
852:.
840:.
814:.
790:^
776:.
766:83
764:.
741:.
731:33
729:.
706:.
698:.
686:46
684:.
680:.
641:.
631:.
617:.
613:.
563:^
496:.
492:,
484:,
480:,
476:,
460:,
456:,
452:,
448:,
444:,
429:.
393:.
385:,
381:,
365:,
361:,
357:,
345:,
341:,
262:,
161:,
123:.
31:A
3700:)
3692:(
3681:e
3674:t
3667:v
3634:)
3621:)
3614:)
3607:)
3597:)
3593:(
3587:)
3570:)
3562:B
3556:)
3544:/
3526:2
3524:O
3513:4
3479:L
3470:L
3386:L
3284:L
3280:L
3271:L
3267:L
3230:L
3226:L
3217:L
3213:L
3204:L
3200:L
3093:L
3089:L
3080:L
3076:L
3067:L
2989:)
2985:(
2923::
2908::
2834::
2730:n
2683:)
2679:2
2671::
2667:/
2604:)
2600:3
2517::
2506:)
2502:(
2359:e
2352:t
2345:v
2171:)
2131:)
2117:e
2110:t
2103:v
1251:e
1244:t
1237:v
1222:.
1202::
1185:.
1163::
1142:.
1130::
1113:.
1088:.
1078:5
1067:.
1055::
1028:.
1014::
987:.
965::
938:.
916::
893:.
868:.
848::
825:.
784:.
772::
749:.
737::
714:.
692::
649:.
625::
369:(
35:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
