1212:
1236:
40:
1224:
926:
53:
894:
The height of the plant is variable, from 5 to 20 centimetres (2 to 8 inches), occasionally more where supported by other plants; the stems can reach up to 50 cm (20 in) long. It is typically sprawling at the height of the surrounding grassland. It can survive fairly close grazing,
885:
are present, but with the central three held conspicuously above the others, hence the use of the name 'trefoil'. It is often used as forage and is widely used as food for livestock due to its nonbloating properties.
1571:
Scriber, J. Mark (1 January 1978). "Cyanogenic
Glycosides in Lotus corniculatus. Their Effect upon Growth, Energy Budget, and Nitrogen Utilization of the Southern Armyworm, Spodoptera eridania".
1073:
when macerated. This is not normally poisonous to humans, though, as the dose is very low, and the metabolization of cyanide is relatively quick. Condensed tannins are also present in
1765:
Thomas, C. D.; Glen, S. W. T.; Lewis, O. T.; Hill, J. K.; Blakeley, D. S. (1999-02-01). "Population differentiation and conservation of endemic races: the butterfly, Plebejus argus".
1341:
914:, which are now mostly out of use. These names were often connected with the yellow and orange colour of the flowers, e.g. 'butter and eggs'. One name that is still used is
1700:
2169:
1623:"The effect of condensed tannins in Lotus corniculatus upon reproductive efficiency and wool production in sheep during late summer and autumn"
1011:
has a broad distribution worldwide. It is common everywhere in
Britain and Ireland. Habitats include old fields, grassy places, and roadsides.
2231:
1211:
2249:
1869:
2339:
1235:
1349:
2094:
1313:
2182:
2120:
1080:
In the traditional medicine of the Sannio regio of Italy, the diluted infusions were used for anxiety, insomnia, and exhaustion.
2267:
1404:
2318:
2485:
2187:
1836:
1469:
2045:
2480:
1656:
1512:
1492:
1304:
2447:
2406:
2107:
2236:
2156:
2357:
1181:. It has been commonly planted along roadsides for erosion control or pastures for forage and then spreads into
2401:
2272:
2218:
1965:
2076:
2063:
1918:
1622:
1985:
2365:
1947:
1817:"Leptidea sinapis (Wood White butterfly) egg-laying habitat and adult dispersal studies in Herefordshire"
1223:
2125:
1864:
2352:
1283:
1278:
2452:
2259:
1828:
1092:. In the Chicago Region, mostly non-native bees have been observed visiting the flowers, including
2210:
52:
2344:
2071:
2011:
1408:
2416:
2475:
2174:
2058:
1880:
1816:
1553:
179:
2298:
2148:
2019:
1774:
1182:
1128:
have also been observed visiting birdsfoot trefoil flowers, though the latter only rarely.
1100:
1066:
39:
8:
2426:
1152:
1112:
1778:
881:. The name 'bird's foot' refers to the appearance of the seed pods on their stalk. Five
2434:
1798:
1786:
1604:
1588:
1124:
273:
47:
2331:
2293:
1993:
1790:
1723:
1681:
1608:
1596:
1508:
1488:
1465:
1373:
1039:. It is a high quality forage that does not cause bloat in ruminants. Taller-growing
899:. It flowers from June to September. The flowers develop into small pea-like pods or
1802:
1699:
Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; Stavenga, D. G.; Elzenga, J. T. M. (2015).
2439:
2112:
1998:
1782:
1715:
1671:
1580:
1170:
1157:
1118:
1094:
1070:
1051:
907:
1952:
1939:
1701:"Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers"
2370:
2280:
2197:
1383:. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service
1190:
1148:
871:
836:
90:
2393:
2308:
2223:
1270:
2326:
1929:
1855:
1186:
1106:
925:
77:
1832:
867:, though the latter name is often also applied to other members of the genus.
2469:
2050:
1856:
Jones, D.A. and
Turkington, R., 1986. Biological flora of the British Isles:
1794:
1685:
1676:
1487:
Third
Edition. Institute of Irish Studies,The Queen's University of Belfast.
1174:
156:
20:
19:"Birdsfoot trefoil" redirects here. For other plants known by this name, see
1062:. It can also prevent soil erosion and provide a good habitat for wildlife.
2383:
1903:
1815:
Clarke, S. A.; Green, D. G.; Joy, J.; Wollen, K.; Butler, I. (2011-04-01).
1727:
1600:
1839:
2205:
2133:
1975:
1912:
1144:
1020:
2285:
2086:
2099:
1592:
1584:
1055:
1719:
1528:
2138:
2032:
1178:
1089:
146:
2161:
1874:
2378:
2244:
1897:
1657:"Ethnobotanical Study of the Sannio Area, Campania, Southern Italy"
1040:
840:
136:
103:
2037:
1317:
1043:
have been developed for this. It may be used as an alternative to
2006:
1752:
Flora of the
Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis
1526:
1044:
1028:
844:
126:
2024:
1960:
1136:
1132:
1059:
1036:
1024:
900:
878:
848:
116:
1140:
64:
1698:
1554:"Lotus corniculatus Bird's Foot Trefoil PFAF Plant Database"
896:
882:
874:
1485:
Stewart & Corry's Flora of the North-east of
Ireland,
1032:
1185:. Once it has established in an area, it can outcompete
911:
895:
trampling, and mowing. It is most often found in sandy
195:
1419:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
1630:
Proceedings of the New
Zealand Grassland Association
1197:
and herbicide is recommended instead to control it.
1764:
1503:Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968.
1155:. It is a host plant for the wood white butterfly,
932:flowers in southeastern Minnesota (late July 2016)
2467:
1527:Heuzé V.; Tran G.; Nozière P.; Lebas F. (2016).
1368:
1366:
1749:
1522:
1520:
1054:. It is regularly included as a component of
1363:
1193:is not an effective management tool against
1003:
1517:
1403:
38:
1750:Wilhelm, Gerould; Rericha, Laura (2017).
1675:
1479:
1477:
1050:A double-flowered variety is grown as an
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1529:"Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)"
1314:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
924:
1654:
1570:
941:The following subspecies are accepted:
2468:
1860:. Journal of Ecology 74, pp.1185-1212.
1474:
1399:
1397:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1879:
1878:
1734:
1664:Ethnobotany Research and Applications
1417:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
1374:"Plant Fact Sheet, Birdsfoot Trefoil"
1297:
877:plant, similar in appearance to some
2407:16cc5ff9-a9f1-46b2-8dfd-1afd2ea11dd4
2260:602a4517-835f-4d14-94b8-6232b3c3c75f
1505:Excursion Flora of the British Isles
1450:The Concise British Flora in Colour.
1303:
843:, native to grasslands in temperate
1394:
1256:
1164:
1065:Fresh bird's-foot trefoil contains
13:
2358:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30179739-2
1787:10.1111/j.1469-1795.1999.tb00044.x
1088:The flowers are mostly visited by
294:(Beck) Miniaev, Ulle & Kritzk.
14:
2497:
1849:
1460:Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012.
1069:, which release small amounts of
1234:
1222:
1217:Flowerheads and 5-leaflet leaves
1210:
51:
1809:
1758:
1692:
1655:Guarino, Carmine (2008-08-30).
1648:
1615:
1564:
1546:
1497:
16:Plant species in the pea family
1821:Journal of Insect Conservation
1754:. Indiana Academy of Sciences.
1507:, Cambridge University Press.
1454:
1442:
1431:
1334:
1143:food plant by many species of
889:
1:
1249:
738:(Hyl.) Büscher & G.H.Loos
1241:Along high-altitude roadside
746:(Boiss. & Heldr.) Heldr.
7:
2486:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
398:(Besser ex Spreng.) Tzvelev
10:
2502:
1438:Collins English Dictionary
1284:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1279:Plants of the World Online
1200:
1131:The plant is an important
1083:
936:
906:The plant had many common
853:common bird's-foot trefoil
554:(Rouy) Asch. & Graebn.
18:
1887:
1833:10.1007/s10841-010-9300-8
279:
272:
207:
202:
185:
178:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
30:
2481:Plants described in 1753
1677:10.17348/era.6.0.255-317
1169:Birdsfoot trefoil is an
1004:Distribution and habitat
1865:Jepson manual Treatment
1483:Hackney, P. (Ed) 1992.
1014:
851:. Common names include
1464:Cork University Press
1462:Webb's An Irish Flora.
1139:and is also used as a
933:
1342:"Bird's-foot trefoil"
1067:cyanogenic glycosides
928:
241:(Timb.-Lagr.) Nyman
1101:Anthidium oblongatum
171:L. corniculatus
1779:1999AnCon...2...15T
1767:Animal Conservation
1153:silver-studded blue
1113:Megachile rotundata
974:(Timb.-Lagr.) Nyman
865:bird's-foot trefoil
861:birdsfoot deervetch
815:Mullaghera communis
783:Lotus tchihatchewii
331:Lotus barcinonensis
307:Lotus angustifolius
258:Lotus corniculatus
246:Lotus corniculatus
234:Lotus corniculatus
223:Lotus corniculatus
211:Lotus corniculatus
2309:Lotus_corniculatus
2250:Lotus~corniculatus
1966:lotus-corniculatus
1919:Lotus corniculatus
1889:Lotus corniculatus
1858:Lotus corniculatus
1585:10.1007/BF00345163
1411:Lotus corniculatus
1273:Lotus corniculatus
1195:Lotus corniculatus
1125:Megachile relativa
1116:. The native bees
1009:Lotus corniculatus
991:Lotus corniculatus
979:Lotus corniculatus
967:Lotus corniculatus
958:Lotus corniculatus
946:Lotus corniculatus
934:
930:Lotus corniculatus
839:in the pea family
832:Lotus corniculatus
687:Lotus pilosissimus
679:Lotus pentaphyllos
658:(Chrtková) Miniaev
602:Miniaev & Ulle
559:Lotus corniculatus
547:Lotus corniculatus
535:Lotus corniculatus
523:Lotus corniculatus
511:Lotus corniculatus
499:Lotus corniculatus
487:Lotus corniculatus
475:Lotus corniculatus
463:Lotus corniculatus
451:Lotus corniculatus
439:Lotus corniculatus
427:Lotus corniculatus
415:Lotus corniculatus
403:Lotus corniculatus
391:Lotus corniculatus
379:Lotus corniculatus
355:Lotus catalaunicus
347:Lotus callunetorum
189:Lotus corniculatus
32:Lotus corniculatus
2463:
2462:
2294:Open Tree of Life
1881:Taxon identifiers
1720:10.1111/plb.12328
1173:in many parts of
1027:plant, grown for
828:
827:
807:Lotus zhegulensis
791:Lotus tenuifolius
759:Lotus symmetricus
719:Lotus rostellatus
639:Lotus juzepczukii
566:(Chrtková) Starm.
518:(Miniaev) Tzvelev
482:(Miniaev) Tzvelev
302:Besser ex Spreng.
266:
254:
242:
230:
219:
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2456:
2455:
2443:
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2224:NBNSYS0000003258
2214:
2213:
2201:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2178:
2177:
2165:
2164:
2152:
2151:
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2116:
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1806:
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1424:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1378:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1348:. Archived from
1338:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1322:
1316:. Archived from
1311:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1267:
1238:
1226:
1214:
1171:invasive species
1165:Invasive species
1158:Leptidea sinapis
1135:source for many
1119:Bombus impatiens
1095:Andrena wilkella
1071:hydrogen cyanide
1052:ornamental plant
999:
987:
975:
954:
819:
811:
803:
799:Lotus uliginosus
795:
787:
779:
771:
763:
755:
751:Lotus suberectus
747:
739:
731:
727:Lotus ruprechtii
723:
715:
707:
699:
691:
683:
675:
671:Lotus orphanidis
667:
659:
655:Lotus norvegicus
651:
643:
635:
627:
619:
611:
603:
595:
587:
575:
567:
555:
543:
531:
519:
507:
495:
483:
471:
459:
447:
435:
423:
411:
399:
387:
375:
371:Lotus colocensis
367:
363:Lotus caucasicus
359:
351:
343:
339:Lotus bracteatus
335:
327:
319:
311:
303:
295:
265:(Ten.) P.Fourn.
264:
261:
252:
249:
240:
237:
229:
226:
217:
214:
191:
56:
55:
42:
28:
27:
2501:
2500:
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2495:
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2491:
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2466:
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2459:
2451:
2446:
2438:
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2415:
2413:
2405:
2400:
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2390:
2382:
2377:
2369:
2364:
2356:
2351:
2343:
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2330:
2325:
2317:
2315:
2307:
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2297:
2292:
2284:
2281:Observation.org
2279:
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2266:
2258:
2256:
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2235:
2230:
2222:
2217:
2209:
2204:
2196:
2195:MichiganFlora:
2194:
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1470:978-185918-4783
1459:
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1395:
1386:
1384:
1381:plants.usda.gov
1376:
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1371:
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1246:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1230:
1227:
1218:
1215:
1203:
1191:prescribed fire
1167:
1149:six-spot burnet
1086:
1075:L. corniculatus
1047:in poor soils.
1017:
1006:
998:(Ten.) P.Fourn.
997:
985:
973:
952:
939:
892:
837:flowering plant
824:
817:
809:
801:
793:
785:
777:
769:
761:
753:
745:
737:
729:
721:
713:
705:
697:
689:
681:
673:
665:
657:
649:
647:Lotus komarovii
641:
633:
631:Lotus humifusus
625:
623:Lotus haeupleri
617:
609:
601:
599:Lotus dvinensis
593:
591:Lotus depressus
585:
573:
565:
553:
541:
529:
517:
505:
493:
481:
469:
457:
445:
434:(Pers.) Ostenf.
433:
422:(Üksip) Tzvelev
421:
409:
397:
385:
373:
365:
357:
350:(Üksip) Miniaev
349:
341:
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11:
5:
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2444:
2440:wfo-0000212180
2431:
2421:
2411:
2398:
2388:
2375:
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2349:
2336:
2323:
2313:
2303:
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2016:
2003:
1990:
1980:
1970:
1957:
1944:
1934:
1924:
1909:
1893:
1891:
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1884:
1873:
1872:
1867:
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1851:
1850:External links
1848:
1845:
1844:
1827:(1-2): 23–35.
1808:
1757:
1733:
1691:
1647:
1614:
1579:(2): 143–155.
1563:
1545:
1533:Feedipedia.org
1516:
1496:
1473:
1453:
1441:
1430:
1393:
1362:
1333:
1306:BSBI List 2007
1296:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1233:
1231:
1229:Young seedhead
1228:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1187:native species
1166:
1163:
1107:Apis mellifera
1085:
1082:
1019:It is used in
1016:
1013:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
988:
976:
964:
955:
938:
935:
920:bacon and eggs
916:eggs and bacon
891:
888:
857:eggs and bacon
826:
825:
823:
822:
821:
820:
812:
804:
796:
788:
780:
775:Lotus tauricus
772:
767:Lotus tauricus
764:
756:
748:
743:Lotus stenodon
740:
732:
724:
716:
711:Lotus riparius
708:
700:
692:
684:
676:
668:
660:
652:
644:
636:
628:
620:
612:
607:Lotus forsteri
604:
596:
588:
579:Lotus delortii
576:
571:Lotus delortii
568:
556:
544:
532:
520:
508:
496:
484:
472:
460:
448:
436:
424:
412:
400:
388:
376:
368:
360:
352:
344:
336:
328:
323:Lotus balticus
320:
315:Lotus arvensis
312:
304:
299:Lotus ambiguus
296:
291:Lotus alpicola
282:
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1708:Plant Biology
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1636:: 51–55. 1999
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1352:on 2022-04-13
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180:Binomial name
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21:Lotus (genus)
1888:
1857:
1824:
1820:
1811:
1773:(1): 15–21.
1770:
1766:
1760:
1751:
1714:(1): 56–62.
1711:
1707:
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1650:
1638:. Retrieved
1633:
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1536:. Retrieved
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1504:
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1421:. Retrieved
1416:
1410:
1385:. Retrieved
1380:
1354:. Retrieved
1350:the original
1345:
1336:
1325:. Retrieved
1318:the original
1305:
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962:corniculatus
961:
957:
949:
945:
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929:
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694:
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638:
630:
622:
615:Lotus gibbus
614:
606:
598:
590:
582:
578:
570:
562:
558:
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546:
538:
534:
526:
522:
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502:
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486:
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466:
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454:
450:
443:crassifolius
442:
438:
430:
426:
419:callunetorum
418:
414:
410:(Pers.) Ser.
406:
402:
394:
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382:
378:
370:
362:
354:
346:
338:
330:
322:
314:
306:
298:
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257:
245:
233:
227:corniculatus
222:
210:
188:
186:
170:
169:
157:
110:
97:
84:
71:
31:
25:
2206:NatureServe
2134:iNaturalist
1913:Wikispecies
1448:Martin, K.
1145:Lepidoptera
1021:agriculture
890:Description
863:, and just
663:Lotus olgae
574:Timb.-Lagr.
503:posoniensis
203:Subspecies
143:Subfamily:
91:Angiosperms
2470:Categories
2414:WisFlora:
2327:Plant List
2162:30179739-2
1983:Calflora:
1538:8 February
1405:USDA, NRCS
1387:2018-10-19
1356:2018-04-16
1327:2014-10-17
1250:References
1090:bumblebees
1056:wildflower
983:fruticosus
950:afghanicus
875:herbaceous
847:and North
551:sibthorpii
515:ruprechtii
491:norvegicus
310:Gueldenst.
253:Chrtková
250:fruticosus
218:Chrtková
215:afghanicus
2077:200012202
2064:200012202
1840:1366-638X
1795:1469-1795
1686:1547-3465
1609:189827997
1573:Oecologia
1346:Plantlife
1179:Australia
1058:mixes in
1041:cultivars
910:names in
872:perennial
586:Afr.Fern.
542:Afr.Fern.
479:komarovii
383:alandicus
165:Species:
147:Faboideae
61:Kingdom:
2402:VicFlora
2391:VASCAN:
2384:13022186
2379:Tropicos
2332:ild-7260
2306:PalDat:
2245:NSWFlora
2211:2.160883
2175:10926567
1973:BioLib:
1898:Wikidata
1803:44647405
1728:25754608
1640:22 March
1601:28309546
1558:Pfaf.org
1407:(n.d.).
1151:and the
1147:such as
986:Chrtková
971:delortii
953:Chrtková
883:leaflets
870:It is a
841:Fabaceae
754:G.H.Loos
626:G.H.Loos
563:slovacus
539:sennenii
506:Chrtková
494:Chrtková
458:Chrtková
431:carnosus
407:arvensis
395:ambiguus
386:Chrtková
366:Kuprian.
274:Synonyms
238:delortii
137:Fabaceae
133:Family:
104:Eudicots
2100:5357013
2007:Ecocrop
1775:Bibcode
1670:: 255.
1593:4215630
1423:23 June
1201:Gallery
1137:insects
1084:Ecology
1045:alfalfa
1029:pasture
995:preslii
993:subsp.
981:subsp.
969:subsp.
960:subsp.
948:subsp.
937:Subtaxa
912:Britain
908:English
901:legumes
879:clovers
845:Eurasia
794:C.Presl
730:Miniaev
674:Ujhelyi
650:Miniaev
642:Seregin
583:rivasii
527:sativus
513:subsp.
477:subsp.
467:futakii
417:subsp.
393:subsp.
326:Miniaev
262:preslii
153:Genus:
127:Fabales
123:Order:
65:Plantae
2453:426010
2340:PLANTS
2299:183572
2257:NZOR:
2126:300317
2087:LOTCOR
2084:FoIO:
2051:171886
2025:702889
1961:ARKive
1953:110319
1940:146911
1937:APDB:
1904:Q29907
1801:
1793:
1726:
1684:
1607:
1599:
1591:
1511:
1491:
1468:
1289:6 July
1141:larval
1133:nectar
1060:Europe
1037:silage
1035:, and
1025:forage
849:Africa
818:Bubani
810:Klokov
802:Hoffm.
786:Boiss.
778:Steud.
722:Heldr.
682:Gilib.
666:Klokov
634:Willd.
594:Willd.
470:Starm.
455:fallax
374:Menyh.
358:Sennen
334:Sennen
260:subsp.
248:subsp.
236:subsp.
225:subsp.
213:subsp.
117:Rosids
2448:WoRMS
2424:WoI:
2371:99960
2345:LOCO6
2316:PFI:
2268:NZPCN
2237:47247
2188:26362
2170:IRMNG
2146:IPA:
2139:47435
2046:EUNIS
2038:LOTCO
1999:3W7ZK
1976:40080
1927:APA:
1799:S2CID
1704:(PDF)
1660:(PDF)
1626:(PDF)
1605:S2CID
1589:JSTOR
1377:(PDF)
1321:(xls)
1310:(xls)
1023:as a
897:soils
835:is a
762:Jord.
714:Pers.
698:Jord.
690:Schur
618:Beeke
610:Sweet
581:var.
561:var.
549:var.
537:var.
525:var.
501:var.
489:var.
465:var.
453:var.
446:Pers.
441:var.
405:var.
381:var.
342:Wall.
318:Pers.
158:Lotus
111:Clade
98:Clade
85:Clade
72:Clade
2417:4132
2394:5774
2353:POWO
2319:2699
2286:7004
2273:3447
2232:NCBI
2198:1326
2183:ITIS
2157:IPNI
2149:5949
2121:GRIN
2113:1034
2108:GISD
2095:GBIF
2033:EPPO
2012:7410
1986:5031
1948:APNI
1930:2004
1837:ISSN
1791:ISSN
1724:PMID
1682:ISSN
1642:2022
1597:PMID
1540:2016
1509:ISBN
1489:ISBN
1466:ISBN
1425:2015
1291:2024
1177:and
1122:and
1110:and
1015:Uses
918:(or
770:Juz.
706:Ten.
530:Hyl.
283:List
2435:WFO
2427:867
2366:RHS
2219:NBN
2072:FoC
2059:FNA
2020:EoL
1994:CoL
1829:doi
1783:doi
1716:doi
1672:doi
1581:doi
1275:L."
1033:hay
922:).
429:f.
2472::
2450::
2437::
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2061::
2048::
2035::
2022::
2009::
1996::
1963::
1950::
1915::
1900::
1835:.
1825:15
1823:.
1819:.
1797:.
1789:.
1781:.
1769:.
1736:^
1722:.
1712:18
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1680:.
1666:.
1662:.
1634:61
1632:.
1628:.
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1595:.
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1577:34
1575:.
1556:.
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1476:^
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1396:^
1379:.
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1282:.
1258:^
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1077:.
1031:,
903:.
859:,
855:,
196:L.
113::
100::
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1842:.
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1785::
1777::
1771:2
1730:.
1718::
1688:.
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1668:6
1644:.
1611:.
1583::
1560:.
1542:.
1427:.
1413:"
1409:"
1390:.
1359:.
1330:.
1293:.
1271:"
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_Lotus_corniculatus_-_Plant_habit.jpg)
