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public within the center. Classes are offered in most or all of the categories offered. The Arts Center also houses famous pieces of art by local and renown artists. Well-known artists have visited the center to teach and to present their work. With over 800 different art classes offered, this has become a popular destination for the aspiring artist.
485:
On July 15, 2002, the property was sold to
Fairfax County. The transfer was enabled by the Lorton Technical Corrections Act passed by Congress in October 1998. It required the county to develop a plan to maximize use of land for open space, parkland or recreation prior to the transfer. The site has
463:
era anti-juvenile delinquency law
Federal Youth Corrections Act of 1950. It was located next to the Fairfax County Landfill and in proximity to the prison's dairy farm. The initial concept was that the young prisoners could acquire a trade and/or get an education and then have their records expunged.
347:
offenders serving short sentences. The
District established an adjacent reformatory in 1914, and then a 10-acre (4.0 ha) walled penitentiary constructed by inmates from 1931 through 1938, as a division of the reformatory with heightened security. The complex came under the administration of
580:
In 2008, the Arts Center was ready to be used by the public after four years to build and restore six separate buildings, transforming them into headquarters for hobbies and activities of all types. Ceramics, photography, painting, theatre, film and much more is now offered and accessible by the
464:
Initially the prisoners carried books entitled "So We All
Understand" and wore suits and ties. The building was designed to resemble a campus of a university, and it used open plan dormitories. At some point older adult felons began to be housed alongside the younger prisoners. Eddie Dean of the
584:
Along with the
Workhouse Arts Center, the former prison yard has now become home to baseball and soccer fields. With much ground still available, plans are in place to add more athletic fields. Many attend a yearly walk through the old grounds, and stages have been set up to host local theater
451:
The penitentiary buildings of the 1930s were constructed by the prisoners themselves, using brick manufactured at the on-site kiln complex from
Occoquan River clay. Initially only the maximum security section was fenced, but fences were established for other sections in the 1970s due to area
470:
stated that the center became "a sort of parody of its original inception". According to Dean, at one time it was the "murder capital" of Lorton, but by 1997 the Youth Center became "a relatively calm and safe compound, especially compared with the Quack."
383:
appointed a special Penal
Commission to investigate deplorable conditions of the District of Columbia's jail and workhouse in Washington. As a result, the Commission recommended a complete change in the philosophy and treatment of prisoners in D.C. The
403:
was the special architect appointed by the commissioners to draft plans for the new workhouse. It opened in 1916 as a facility for less serious offenders in the Lorton
Correctional Complex, with classically inspired, symmetrical dormitory complexes.
576:
allowed the project to get under way. Soon after the decision was made to repurpose the land and old historic buildings, restoration began. Walls were repaired, rooms were completely cleared, and the tall fences around the property were taken down.
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organizations. Walk-throughs and tours were offered before the restoration began in 2004 to view rooms such as the cafeteria, Warden's office, shower room, and cell dorms. Guard towers still surround the grounds.
359:
Lorton was also the site of a bunker used by the government from 1959 to 2001 that housed emergency communications equipment to be used in the event of a war with the Soviet Union. Lorton
Reformatory also hosted
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After further expansions, a peak size of 3,500-acre (1,400 ha), and 92 years of service, the facility was ordered closed in the late 1990s. The final prisoners were transferred out in
November 2001.
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plagued the facility in the 1970s and 1980s, including an incident in 1974 where 100 armed inmates took 10 guards hostage, and a riot in 1986 during which 14 buildings were set on fire.
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It became known in its later years, however, as an outdated and badly overcrowded facility. The last prisoners were removed from Lorton Reformatory late in 2001. As a result of the
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sought to reuse the property of the former prison. The idea was to reconstruct and repair the prison facility and transform it into a Cultural Arts Center, to be known as the
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430:" because of how badly the suffragist prisoners were tortured, beaten, and abused. Portrayals of events at the Occoquan Workhouse played a key part in the 2004 film
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426:, experienced mistreatment at the workhouse. Some were force-fed after they began hunger strikes. The night of November 14, 1917, is known as the "
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pickets of the White House at the White House, and held at the Occoquan Workhouse. Approximately 168 women, most from the
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680:, novelist, journalist, essayist, playwright, film-maker, actor, and liberal political activist; included in his book
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1939:
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A historic marker in front of the Workhouse recognizing the contributions of suffragists to the passage of the
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politicians calling for the closing of the prison and increased concerns over prison escapes. A series of
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The Youth Center, housing 18-22 year old prisoners, opened in 1960 and was established due to the post-
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Near the reformatory lies Revolutionary War patriot William Lindsay's c. 1790 estate known as
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2014:
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1060:) and Arvilla Payne-Jackson (Howard University Professor of Anthropology and Linguistics). "
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opened in 2020. The Museum hosts celebrations for Women's Equality Day each year in August.
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572:. Of course, much had to be altered to serve in such a capacity. In 2004, approval from
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acted upon this recommendation, and a 1,155-acre (5 km) tract north of the
2222:
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Arnold, Mary Edith Estes (January 18, 2009). "Jailed for the Freedom to Vote".
740:, suffragist, factory inspector, trade union organizer, actress, and poet, 1914
400:
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Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
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1994:
1979:
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National Capital Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act of 1997
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Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
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2019:
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2004:
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376:. This house served as a residence for the reformatory superintendent.
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285:
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Excerpts from "Graffiti as a Sense of Place" Lorton Prison, Virginia
856:"What Good is a Hunger Strike Today? - Defending Dissent Foundation"
503:
312:
1924:
674:, FBI agent, lawyer, talk show host, actor, and burglar, 1973–1977
771:
448:, and other members of the 1910s Women's Voting Rights Movement.
2303:
National Register of Historic Places in Fairfax County, Virginia
1659:
1079:
2249:
414:
From June to November 1917, a number of nationally prominent
818:
A Short History of the D.C. Correctional Complex at Lorton
392:
was purchased in 1910 through condemnation proceedings.
722:, suffragist, author, and women's rights activist, 1917
478:, felons from the District of Columbia began going to
821:, Workhouse Prison Museum (accessed 19 December 2013)
2278:
Buildings and structures in Fairfax County, Virginia
2308:
Prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
1899:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
2264:
1047:H.R. 461, Closing of Lorton Correctional Complex
488:D.C. Workhouse and Reformatory Historic District
407:From 1911 the complex had its own railroad, the
32:D.C. Workhouse and Reformatory Historic District
911:. March 9, 2001. Retrieved on February 5, 2016.
877:"Night of Terror Leads to Women's Vote in 1917"
973:. June 6, 1997. Retrieved on February 5, 2016.
734:, suffragist and women's rights activist, 1917
728:, suffragist and women's rights activist, 1917
698:, suffragist and women's rights activist, 1917
692:, suffragist and women's rights activist, 1917
668:, suffragist and women's rights activist, 1917
662:, suffragist and women's rights activist, 1917
650:, suffragist and women's rights activist, 1917
638:, suffragist and women's rights advocate, 1917
632:, suffragist and women's rights advocate, 1917
350:District of Columbia Department of Corrections
339:The complex began as a prison farm called the
1940:
1137:
955:
953:
644:, television and radio talk-show host, 1960s
399:drew plans for the workhouse in 1910, while
798:. Virginia Department of Historic Resources
532:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2328:Brick buildings and structures in Virginia
1947:
1933:
1144:
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119:
94:
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16:Historic prison in Virginia, United States
2318:Georgian Revival architecture in Virginia
1153:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1056:Hayden, Jonathan (fourth-year student at
950:
922:"Chronology of Major Incidents at Lorton"
716:, suffragist and education advocate, 1917
552:Learn how and when to remove this message
40:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
899:Ten Things to Do Before Closing a Prison
891:
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311:
303:
295:
284:
276:
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574:The Fairfax County Board of Supervisors
493:
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772:"National Register Information System"
617:imprisoned at Occoquan Workhouse, 1917
2228:Women's suffrage in the United States
1928:
1125:
1954:
777:National Register of Historic Places
604:
588:
530:adding citations to reliable sources
497:
2283:History of the District of Columbia
764:
13:
1074:. April 21, 2004. p. 117-122.
1039:
436:, a film about the history of the
14:
2339:
2288:Parks in Fairfax County, Virginia
2190:Turning Point Suffragist Memorial
992:- Tuesday November 20, 2001 - B01
2173:
1658:
1651:
1078:
593:A museum in honor of suffragist
502:
328:, is a former prison complex in
263:December 7, 2005, March 27, 2012
143:
136:
118:
111:
93:
86:
2323:1910 establishments in Virginia
1020:
995:
976:
940:"Prison Set Ablaze During Riot"
932:
845:Northern Virginia History Notes
833:p. 3 Retrieved January 17, 2010
1029:The Kappa Alpha Theta Magazine
914:
869:
848:
836:
831:Historic Context of the Prison
824:
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656:, aviator and Nazi agent, 1943
332:, established in 1910 for the
237:
224:
1:
2140:Evelyn Wotherspoon Wainwright
796:"Virginia Landmarks Register"
757:
152:Show map of the United States
102:Show map of Northern Virginia
2075:Sophie Gooding Rose Meredith
704:, suffragist and founder of
409:Lorton and Occoquan Railroad
352:when it was formed in 1946.
21:United States historic place
7:
2273:Defunct prisons in Virginia
1881:National Historic Landmarks
745:
326:Lorton Correctional Complex
175:511.3 acres (206.9 ha)
58:Virginia Landmarks Register
10:
2346:
411:that operated until 1977.
367:
273:An arcade in the main quad
2198:
2182:
2171:
1962:
1889:
1868:
1667:
1649:
1163:
843:Lorton Occoquan Workhouse
752:Crime in Washington, D.C.
654:Laura Houghtaling Ingalls
490:since February 16, 2006.
480:Federal Bureau of Prisons
418:were arrested from their
259:
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223:NRHP reference
222:
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68:
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55:
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37:
30:
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209:Architectural style
2160:Margaret Fay Whittemore
2105:Elizabeth Selden Rogers
2040:Alison Turnbull Hopkins
984:Lorton's Final Lockdown
714:Elizabeth Selden Rogers
648:Alison Turnbull Hopkins
2206:National Woman's Party
2035:Florence Bayard Hilles
1894:Keeper of the Register
1806:Poquoson (no listings)
618:
599:National Woman's Party
566:Lorton Arts Foundation
438:National Woman's Party
424:National Women's Party
386:United States Congress
317:
309:
301:
293:
282:
274:
49:U.S. Historic district
2065:Anne Henrietta Martin
2015:Sarah Tarleton Colvin
1914:Contributing property
1108:38.69805°N 77.25483°W
1087:at Wikimedia Commons
1007:Workhouse Arts Center
970:Washington City Paper
908:Washington City Paper
782:National Park Service
690:Anne Henrietta Martin
612:
570:Workhouse Arts Center
467:Washington City Paper
316:The Lucy Burns Museum
315:
307:
299:
288:
280:
272:
166:Laurel Hill, Virginia
2030:Matilda Hall Gardner
982:Kovaleski, Serge F.
707:Congressional Digest
526:improve this section
494:Cultural Arts Center
334:District of Columbia
324:, also known as the
127:Show map of Virginia
2145:Amelia Himes Walker
2125:Mary Church Terrell
2100:Alice Gram Robinson
2000:Lucy Gwynne Branham
1113:38.69805; -77.25483
1104: /
1003:"Lucy Burns Museum"
989:The Washington Post
944:The Chicago Tribune
926:The Washington Post
732:Amelia Himes Walker
702:Alice Gram Robinson
686:; briefly, in 1967?
683:Armies of the Night
395:District architect
379:In 1908, President
364:missile site W-64.
260:Designated VLR
2234:Jailed for Freedom
2218:Occoquan Workhouse
1085:Lorton Reformatory
1031:(Autumn 2008): 12.
961:Maximum Insecurity
619:
381:Theodore Roosevelt
341:Occoquan Workhouse
322:Lorton Reformatory
318:
310:
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294:
283:
275:
2260:
2259:
2242:Iron Jawed Angels
2155:Sue Shelton White
1990:Mary Ritter Beard
1922:
1921:
1909:Historic district
1083:Media related to
1058:Howard University
626:, musician, 1950s
605:Notable prisoners
589:Lucy Burns Museum
562:
561:
554:
486:been part of the
433:Iron Jawed Angels
336:, United States.
267:
266:
255:February 16, 2006
247:Significant dates
75:Main quad in 2020
2335:
2177:
2120:Betty Gram Swing
2110:Caroline Spencer
2050:Mary Hall Ingham
1985:Abby Scott Baker
1975:Nina E. Allender
1956:Silent Sentinels
1949:
1942:
1935:
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1702:Colonial Heights
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946:. July 11, 1986.
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928:. July 11, 1986.
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726:Betty Gram Swing
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420:Silent Sentinels
330:Lorton, Virginia
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213:Colonial Revival
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2150:Ruza Wenclawska
2130:Phyllis Terrell
2085:Katherine Morey
2080:Vida Milholland
2055:Paula O. Jakobi
2010:Iris Calderhead
1958:
1953:
1923:
1918:
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1692:Charlottesville
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1040:Further reading
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879:. Women's eNews
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784:. July 9, 2010.
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738:Ruza Wenclawska
672:G. Gordon Liddy
660:Paula O. Jakobi
636:Iris Calderhead
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428:Night of Terror
397:Snowden Ashford
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199:Snowden Ashford
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2253:(2022 musical)
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2212:The Suffragist
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1904:Property types
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1408:King and Queen
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281:A guard tower
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252:Added to NRHP
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203:Albert Harris
200:
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50:
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29:
25:
19:
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2240:
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2210:
2165:Maud Younger
2135:Mabel Vernon
1995:Alva Belmont
1980:Annie Arniel
1855:Williamsburg
1787:Newport News
1782:Martinsville
1752:Harrisonburg
1727:Falls Church
1628:Westmoreland
1593:Spotsylvania
1543:Rappahannock
1513:Pittsylvania
1418:King William
1273:Chesterfield
1263:Charles City
1089:
1077:
1069:
1028:
1022:
1010:. Retrieved
1006:
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978:
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881:. Retrieved
871:
861:December 18,
859:. Retrieved
850:
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826:
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800:. Retrieved
790:
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766:
705:
681:
642:Petey Greene
592:
583:
579:
563:
548:
539:
524:Please help
512:
487:
484:
482:facilities.
473:
465:
461:World War II
458:
454:prison riots
450:
431:
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406:
394:
378:
371:
358:
354:
340:
338:
325:
321:
319:
308:Outbuildings
18:
2245:(2004 film)
2237:(1920 book)
2070:Nell Mercer
2025:Julia Emory
2020:Dorothy Day
1970:Edith Ainge
1869:Other lists
1687:Buena Vista
1588:Southampton
1483:Northampton
1458:Mecklenburg
1413:King George
1368:Greensville
1111: /
1071:Reflections
624:Chuck Brown
613:Suffragist
416:suffragists
374:Laurel Hill
2313:NOVA Parks
2267:Categories
2095:Alice Paul
2060:Dora Lewis
2005:Lucy Burns
1860:Winchester
1850:Waynesboro
1810:Portsmouth
1802:Petersburg
1697:Chesapeake
1677:Alexandria
1623:Washington
1578:Shenandoah
1563:Rockingham
1558:Rockbridge
1468:Montgomery
1403:James City
1348:Gloucester
1293:Cumberland
1243:Buckingham
1198:Appomattox
1099:77°15′17″W
1096:38°41′53″N
883:January 8,
758:References
696:Alice Paul
666:Dora Lewis
630:Lucy Burns
615:Lucy Burns
595:Lucy Burns
446:Lucy Burns
442:Alice Paul
345:nonviolent
217:Beaux Arts
2183:Memorials
1963:Sentinels
1767:Lynchburg
1762:Lexington
1707:Covington
1463:Middlesex
1443:Lunenburg
1423:Lancaster
1353:Goochland
1338:Frederick
1303:Dinwiddie
1298:Dickenson
1268:Charlotte
1233:Brunswick
1228:Botetourt
1203:Arlington
1183:Alleghany
1178:Albemarle
1166:by county
597:from the
513:does not
236:VLR
195:Architect
1835:Staunton
1820:Richmond
1772:Manassas
1757:Hopewell
1732:Franklin
1712:Danville
1613:Tazewell
1598:Stafford
1548:Richmond
1518:Powhatan
1493:Nottoway
1478:New Kent
1393:Highland
1333:Franklin
1328:Fluvanna
1318:Fauquier
1288:Culpeper
1253:Caroline
1248:Campbell
1238:Buchanan
1173:Accomack
1157:Virginia
1012:July 29,
746:See also
242:029-0947
230:06000052
162:Location
2199:Related
1876:Bridges
1840:Suffolk
1825:Roanoke
1815:Radford
1792:Norfolk
1747:Hampton
1722:Fairfax
1717:Emporia
1682:Bristol
1670:by city
1568:Russell
1553:Roanoke
1538:Pulaski
1508:Patrick
1453:Mathews
1448:Madison
1433:Loudoun
1383:Henrico
1378:Hanover
1373:Halifax
1358:Grayson
1313:Fairfax
1258:Carroll
1218:Bedford
1208:Augusta
1193:Amherst
1066:Archive
1051:Archive
965:Archive
903:Archive
802:June 5,
534:removed
519:sources
368:History
185: (
1797:Norton
1618:Warren
1608:Sussex
1498:Orange
1473:Nelson
1438:Louisa
1363:Greene
1278:Clarke
1188:Amelia
710:, 1917
2250:Suffs
1830:Salem
1742:Galax
1668:Lists
1638:Wythe
1603:Surry
1583:Smyth
1573:Scott
1388:Henry
1343:Giles
1323:Floyd
1308:Essex
1283:Craig
1223:Bland
1164:Lists
180:Built
1643:York
1633:Wise
1503:Page
1213:Bath
1014:2021
986:" -
885:2014
863:2014
804:2013
517:any
515:cite
362:Nike
348:the
343:for
320:The
187:1910
183:1910
172:Area
1428:Lee
1155:in
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189:)
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