31:
114:. In February 1837, the Locofocos held a mass meeting in City Hall Park (New York City) to protest the rising cost of living. When the assembled crowd learned that flour had been hoarded at warehouses on the Lower East Side, hundreds rushed to the warehouses resulting in the arrest of 53 people. The New York State Assembly blamed the Locofocos for the unrest and opened an investigation into them.
292:
for "fire". Therefore, Marck's name for his product was originally meant in the sense of "self-firing". It appears that Marck's term was quickly genericized to mean any self-igniting match, and it was this usage from which the faction derived its name.
874:
the idea of that song is basically contrasting … the idea of reactionary movements before labor organized really into the unions we have today, reactionary movements of the 19th
Century, with today
206:
said of the
Locofocos: "The new race is stiff, heady, and rebellious; they are fanatics in freedom; they hate tolls, taxes, turnpikes, banks, hierarchies, governors, yea, almost all laws."
278:
was originally used by John Marck for a self-igniting cigar, which he had patented in April 1834. Marck, an immigrant, invented his name from a combination of the Latin prefix
1124:
1134:
1114:
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as a derogatory name for the
Democratic party continued well into the 1850s, even following the dissolution of the Whig Party and the formation of the
169:
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185:
189:
107:
used such matches to light candles to continue a political meeting after
Tammany men tried to break up the meeting by turning off the gaslights.
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266:
to pardon
Mackenzie in 1840. William Lyon Mackenzie later became an American citizen and Locofoco politician before returning to Canada.
1129:
121:. This assured them that the government would not resume its involvement in banking, which had been a key aim of the faction. In the
316:
meaning "fire". Their meaning then was that the faction and later the entire
Democratic party, was the "focus of folly". The use of
1154:
674:
288:
had recently entered general public use, and was usually misinterpreted to mean "self", and a misspelling of the
Italian word
657:
630:
1109:
1104:
842:
437:
137:
had incorporated many
Locofoco ideas into his economic policy, and because Whigs considered the term to be derogatory.
223:. Mackenzie, an influential newspaper publisher and parliamentarian, became sympathetic to the Locofocs after meeting
815:
790:
447:
325:
117:
The
Locofocos never controlled the party nationally and declined after 1840, when the federal government passed the
1144:
321:
122:
51:
1099:
337:
1016:
White, Lawrence H (1986). "William
Leggett: Jacksonian editorialist as classical liberal political economist".
1139:
489:
747:
975:. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1953 ) For a description of where the Locofocos got their name, see Chapter XV.
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during the Patriot War, but pressure from sympathetic Locofocos and others forced President
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Advocating The Man: Masculinity, Organized Labor, and the Household in New York, 1800–1840
8:
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915:
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236:
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Chants Democratic: New York City and the Rise of the American Working Class, 1788-1850
360:(2001), which interpreted contemporary politics by reference to the locofoco movement.
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577:
527:
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134:
70:. It contained a mixture of anti-Tammany Democrats and labor union veterans of the
934:
Hofstadter, Richard (1943). "William Leggett, Spokesman of Jacksonian Democracy".
647:
620:
370:
333:
375:
244:
224:
181:
177:
141:
1029:
903:
858:
1083:
979:
Trimble, William (1921). "The social philosophy of the Loco-Foco democracy".
589:
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329:
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63:
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The Whigs quickly seized upon the name, applying an alternate derivation of
30:
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The faction, originally named the Equal Rights Party, was created in
1064:
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156:, and state banks. Among the prominent members of the faction were
81:
66:
as a protest against that city's regular Democratic organization,
54:
in American politics that existed from 1835 until the mid-1840s.
777:
What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848
649:
After the Rebellion: The later years of William Lyon Mackenzie
149:
100:
810:. Oxford University Press. pp. 16–66, 93–109, 435–439.
705:(2nd ed.). Boston: Little, Brown and Company. pp.
228:
837:(5th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 37–39.
964:
History of the Political Parties in the State of New-York
890:
Degler, Carl (1956). "The Locofocos: Urban 'Agrarians'".
834:
Parties and Elections in America: The Electoral Process
566:"The Patriot War of 1837-1838: Locofocoism with a Gun?"
520:
The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science
930:(New York: Columbia University Press, 2008), 190–205.
231:
control of Canadian politics, Mackenzie led the 1837
1051:
The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln
84:. Their leading intellectual was editorial writer
774:
403:The History of the Loco-Foco or Equal Rights Party
129:was applied to the entire Democratic Party by its
27:Short-lived United States Democratic Party faction
219:Locofocoism influenced Canadian politics through
1125:Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)
1081:
247:and many others would become active in American
516:"The Political Ideas of William Lyon Mackenzie"
34:Cartoon celebrating defeat of Locofocoism, 1840
808:The Origins of the Republican Party, 1852-1856
1135:Political party factions in the United States
1115:Political parties disestablished in the 1840s
133:opponents, both because Democratic President
1120:1840s disestablishments in the United States
830:
406:. New York: Clement & Packard. pp.
694:
692:
300:, from the combination of the Spanish word
258:Mackenzie was imprisoned for violating the
243:with help from American militias. Locofoco
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859:"Johnny NoMoniker on Outsight Radio Hours"
831:Maisel, L. Sandy; Brewer, Mark D. (2008).
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698:
689:
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487:
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1150:Left-wing populism in the United States
1090:1835 establishments in New York (state)
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966:(Suburn, NY: Alden & Markham, 1846)
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799:
442:. London: Pluto Press. pp. 70–71.
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673:Jones, Thomas P, ed. (November 1834).
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1095:Political parties established in 1835
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672:
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435:
426:History & Society: Locofoco Party
347:
781:. Oxford University Press. pp.
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766:
559:
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356:recorded "Locofoco Motherfucker" on
304:, meaning mad or crack-brained, and
110:The Locofocos were involved in the
24:
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754:. Carrollton, Ohio. 22 April 1836
679:Journal of the Franklin Institute
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103:". It originated when a group of
1130:Democratic Party (United States)
622:Mackenzie: A Political Biography
488:Kauffman, Bill (20 April 2009).
140:In general, Locofocos supported
1155:Liberalism in the United States
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711:John Marck self igniting cigar.
699:Bartlett, John Russell (1859).
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646:Gates, Lilian F. (1996-07-25).
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507:
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456:
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400:Byrdsall, Fitzwilliam (1842).
235:and proclaimed a short-lived "
13:
1:
981:American Journal of Sociology
619:Sewell, John (October 2002).
386:
1018:History of Political Economy
773:Howe, Daniel Walker (2007).
702:A Dictionary of Americanisms
284:, which as part of the word
144:and Van Buren, and were for
7:
970:Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr.
936:Political Science Quarterly
892:Journal of Economic History
806:Gienapp, William E (1987).
490:"The Republic Strikes Back"
364:
200:(then a newspaper editor).
10:
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1110:1840s in American politics
1105:1830s in American politics
439:Long Road to Harpers Ferry
57:
1030:10.1215/00182702-18-2-307
904:10.1017/s0022050700059222
625:. James Lorimer Limited.
564:Bonthius, Andrew (2003).
494:The American Conservative
209:
148:, greater circulation of
962:Jenkins, John Stilwell.
358:Kill The Dreamer's Dream
328:Locofocos, anti-slavery
119:Independent Treasury Act
50:) were a faction of the
1145:Radicalism (historical)
685:(5). Pennsylvania: 329.
468:Encyclopædia Britannica
424:Encyclopædia Britannica
227:in 1829. Frustrated by
1100:1830s in New York City
1072:Encyclopedia Americana
514:MacKay, R. A. (1937).
381:Young America Movement
253:British rule in Canada
233:Upper Canada Rebellion
221:William Lyon Mackenzie
215:William Lyon Mackenzie
35:
926:Greenberg, Joshua R.
162:William Cullen Bryant
99:, a kind of friction
33:
1140:Classical liberalism
436:Lause, Mark (2018).
251:dedicated to ending
570:Labour / Le Travail
204:Ralph Waldo Emerson
72:Working Men's Party
973:The Age of Jackson
675:"American Patents"
348:In popular culture
237:Republic of Canada
166:Alexander Ming Jr.
112:Flour Riot of 1837
36:
752:Caroll Free Press
659:978-1-55488-069-0
632:978-1-55028-767-7
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868:9 September
863:archive.org
748:"Loco Foco"
724:"loco-foco"
652:. Dundurn.
526:(1): 1–22.
245:Abram Smith
241:Patriot War
154:speculation
125:, the term
105:Jacksonians
1084:Categories
733:2018-03-29
728:Etymonline
412:Loco Foco.
387:References
324:by former
286:locomotive
146:free trade
48:Loco-focos
44:Loco Focos
1009:143836640
920:154090227
758:27 August
606:142863197
590:0700-3862
540:0315-4890
499:26 August
473:March 14,
298:Loco Foco
276:Loco-foco
274:The name
91:The name
40:Locofocos
598:25149383
576:: 9–43.
365:See also
354:Fleshies
318:Locofoco
308:, from "
127:Locofoco
97:locofoco
93:Locofoco
82:monopoly
18:Locofoco
1075:. 1920.
1053:(2005).
1043:(1984).
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956:2144949
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210:Canada
196:, and
150:specie
42:(also
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997:JSTOR
952:JSTOR
916:S2CID
908:JSTOR
602:S2CID
594:JSTOR
544:JSTOR
410:–14.
314:fuego
312:" or
310:focus
290:fuoco
281:loco-
101:match
870:2019
839:ISBN
812:ISBN
787:ISBN
760:2015
709:–3.
654:ISBN
627:ISBN
586:ISSN
536:ISSN
501:2015
475:2017
444:ISBN
306:foco
302:loco
255:.
229:Tory
131:Whig
38:The
1026:doi
989:doi
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683:XIV
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