31:
1725:
1737:
1749:
1397:
1090:. In the view of Galit Hasan-Rokem, Athenians are chosen for this purpose as they were themselves seen as paragons of wisdom; "by telling of the life of Jerusalem before the destruction, the stories recreate what has been lost, not only to enhance the pain of its absence but also to awaken joy at what once was". Several of the stories belong to
992:, as a commentary to Lamentations 3:1,14,15; 4:12. The opinion set forth in the introduction to Buber's critical edition that the arrangement of the proems at the beginning of the work was made by a later editor, who included the marked comments of the Midrash as proems, and who, after prefixing the introductory formula to a comment on
1451:, specially valuable for its commentary and introduction, Wilna, 1899: the text differs largely from that of previous editions in being inferior, having at times the character of another recension, whole passages being summarized in some cases; on other MSS. compare Buber, Introduction, pp. 37b et seq.;
1121:
fill over fifteen columns of the Venice edition (about eleven in the first chapter), and include more than one-fourth of the midrashic comments (without the proems). Without these stories the differences in size of the several chapters would have been less apparent, even if (as was perhaps the case)
978:
fulfilling its original purpose—as a comment on
Lamentations 1:2. The same is true of the commentary to Lamentations 1:21 for which there was used a proem on the Pesiqta section Isaiah 51:12, intended originally for the fourth Sabbath after Tisha B'Av, and a section which had for its text this verse
791:
concluded that "the last sections were added later" and, furthermore, "that the completion of the whole work must not be placed before the second half of the seventh century," because the empire of the
Arabians is referred to even in a passage of the first chapter. However, according to a reading of
1101:
To some verses (2:20, 3:51, 4:13,18,19) are added the stories to which they were referred, even though they are also found in the large collections on 2:2 and 1:16: "For these things I weep; mine eye, mine eye runneth down with water." These collections, as well as the long passage on 1:5 ("her
1081:
comments on every verse in
Lamentations, except a few verses in chapter 3. Its commentary often involves stories, some of them far longer than the verses of Lamentations they comment on. For example, the words "the populous city, the city great among the nations" in Lamentations 1:1 are vividly
862:
forming a separate collection, certainly made by the author of the
Midrash. They constitute more than one quarter of the work These proems and, perhaps, most of the annotations, which are arranged in the sequence of the verses, originated in the discourses of which, in olden times, the
800:
in this passage to 1:14. Zunz's other arguments likewise fail to prove such a late date for the
Midrash, especially since Zunz himself concludes that the authorities mentioned therein by name are not later than the Jerusalem Talmud. All that can be definitely stated is that
1030:
passages having some sort of relation to the verse. For example, in connection with the words "at the beginning of the watches" (Lamentations 2:19) is introduced the whole discussion of the
Jerusalem Talmud on the statement of the
1058:
is found three times. For example, the same aggadah is used to explain the three passages
Lamentations 1:1, 2:4, and 2:5, in each of which the word "like" occurs; the same comment is applied both to 3:53 and 3:56; a sentence of
1026:. Side by side with the simple interpretation of sentences and words, and with various midrashic explanations dating from different authors (whose comments are placed in juxtaposition), the Midrash contains
915:
6:7 appears earlier as a proem to a discourse on
Lamentations, and is included among the proems in this Midrash as a comment on Genesis 3:9. The close of this proem, which serves as a connecting link with
998:
12:1 et seq., used it as a proem for
Lamentations Rabbah 24 (23), is entirely wrong. There can be no doubt that precisely the opposite process has taken place. The entire interpretation in
899:, which was certainly edited some time after the completion of the former, and which probably borrowed from it. In the same way older collections must have served as the common source for
970:
pericope 17 to be a proem to a discourse on this section, which is intended for the second "consolatory
Sabbath" after Tisha B'Av. From this, it becomes evident that the collector of the
1035:, "to the end of the first watch"; in connection with the words "let us lift up our heart with our hands to God in heaven" (3:41) is introduced a story from the Jerusalem Talmud
1661:
1656:
979:
of Lamentations (pericope 19, p. 138a); and also in regard to the comment to Lamentations 3:39, which consists of a proem of the Pesiqta pericope 18 (p. 130b).
1114:; they form an integral part of the work, like the interesting sagas and stories to on the greatness of the city of Jerusalem and the intelligence of her inhabitants.
958:
On the other hand, there is found embodied in the exposition of Lamentations 1:2, "she weepeth sore in the night," etc., a whole proem, the text of which is
1046:
It is not strange that for similar expressions, such as "en lo . . ." and "lo matz'ah manoah" occurring in Lamentations 1:2, 3, and Genesis 8:9, 11:30,
962:
78:7 et seq., "I remember my lute-playing in the night," etc.; this proem contains also the final sentence which serves as introduction to the section
1040:
1533:
943:(120b-121b), which corresponds to the second in this Midrash, has a defective ending. With a change in the final sentences, the first proem in
1676:
661:
809:
must also be considered as of earlier date, not so much because it was drawn upon, as because of the character of the proem collection in
1651:
1681:
261:
1086:
were "great in intelligence". This interpretation is then expounded by the telling of eleven stories in which Jerusalemites outwit
1117:
In connection with "the sons of Zion, the splendid ones" (4:2), the Midrash tells of social and domestic customs. The stories of
1671:
1122:
the first chapter, in the form in which the author knew it, offered more opportunity for comments than did the other chapters.
1098:
AT 655 "The Wise Brothers", AT 655A "The Strayed Camel and the Clever Deductions". and AT 1533 "The Wise Carving of the Fowl".
1010:
discourses of the earliest times must be regarded as the richest source upon which the collectors of the midrashim could draw.
1496:
1666:
158:
1526:
796:'s edition (which is the only correct one as shown by the context), Seir, not Ishmael, is mentioned in connection with
1167:
654:
879:
Temples and the national destruction that came along with it—was treated by scholars as especially appropriate to
256:
251:
1818:
1519:
450:
1502:
1410:
1440:
647:
872:
935:, which are identical with the fourth and third (according to the correct enumeration) of the proems to
876:
731:
under the name "Aggadat Eichah." Many passages are quoted by R. Nathan, who invariably calls the work
1095:
209:
153:
1102:
enemies prosper"), giving so many accounts of the sufferings of Israel, including the times of the
475:
384:
986:
itself (29, 18, 19, 31, according to the correct enumeration), retaining the introductory formula
1582:
1415:
346:
246:
1813:
688:
563:
728:
715:
291:
785:
was composed in Roman Palestine "approximately in the middle of the first millennium C.E.".
1785:
1542:
1019:
917:
864:
765:, there are likewise long extracts from a Midrash on Lamentations published under the name
703:
445:
366:
951:
pericope 11 (110a), and with a change of the proem text and of its close, proem 10 (9) of
8:
1741:
1619:
1103:
1036:
994:
361:
351:
341:
22:
1063:
is used five times; and the explanation for reversing the order and putting the letter
829:
371:
356:
321:
920:
1:1, is found also in the Pesiqta as the first proem to pericope 15 (p. 119a) to
836:
in his camp, should have been reproduced. The same phrase was likewise transmitted in
1348:
1163:
1107:
1060:
883:, to the day of the destruction of the Temple, and to the evening before Tisha B'Av.
778:
525:
399:
241:
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97:
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135:
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In the part of Lamentations Rabbah which contains the running commentary to the
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12:1-7, which consists of two versions, is composed of two proems—that in
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828:
It certainly is not strange that the "Vive domine imperator!" with which
822:
394:
203:
1400: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1006:
and the proem in this Midrash. The numberless proems originating in the
1765:
1511:
1466:
739:, which is general even now, is used to designate the many extracts in
584:
510:
1438:, Pesaro, 1519; Constantinople, 1520; in the complete editions of the
1162:, trans. by Batya Stein (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000) ;
1556:
1478:'s work on the Haggadah. See notices of editions and commentaries in
1475:
1226:
1087:
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1007:
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699:
1775:
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1239:
1050:
uses the explanations of Genesis Rabbah 38 and 33, or that in the
1736:
1222:
1055:
1032:
1027:
1022:, the character of interpretation is on the whole the same as in
868:
837:
606:
316:
223:
83:
70:
65:
56:
1603:
1336:
Die Aeltesten Phasen in der Entwickelung der Jüdischen Predigt,
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921:
859:
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102:
87:
931:
The same is the case with the second and fourth proems in the
1577:
1082:
interpreted in the Midrash as referring to how the people of
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846:
818:
549:
198:
178:
805:
was edited after the completion of the Yerushalmi, and that
1561:
963:
797:
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which have been included with the other Biblical books. In
749:
itself, the sources are almost always missing. The names
1472:
Winter and Wünsche, Die Jüdische Litteratur, i. 543–554;
1160:
Web of Life: Folklore and Midrash in Rabbinic Literature
955:
is found as a proem in the Pesiqta pericope 19 (137b).
727:
The midrash is quoted, perhaps for the first time, by
709:
It is one of the oldest works of midrash, along with
693:
1424:
1043:preached on this verse during a fast-day service.
1013:
871:explanation of this book—which is a dirge on the
1805:
1225:15c; Lamentations Rabbah 4:20; Jerusalem Talmud
895:drew must have been accessible to the author of
16:Midrashic commentary to the Book of Lamentations
1505:in English translation at the Internet Archive
821:origin, and rich in foreign words, especially
1527:
1444:, Venice, 1545; Cracow, 1587; Salonica, 1594;
655:
1070:
1064:
987:
1405:
982:But the author also added four proems from
1534:
1520:
662:
648:
974:used the aggadic exposition—found in the
262:Baraita on the Erection of the Tabernacle
1541:
761:, are also found in the old authors. In
1806:
1515:
1463:, Erek Millin, pp. 252 et seq.,
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1094:attested widely in Eurasia, such as
858:The work begins with 36 consecutive
844:form, in Buber's edition and in the
1321:Leviticus Rabbah, ch. 18, beginning
1200:47b-52b in the Venice edition, 1545
1071:
1065:
988:
928:for the Sabbath before Tisha B'Av.
683:
159:Mekhilta of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai
13:
14:
1830:
1490:
1469:Dor we-Dorshaw, iii. 262 et seq.;
1409:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
1145:
1747:
1735:
1723:
1425:Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography
1419:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
1395:
966:49:14, and it is known from the
29:
1381:
1372:
1363:
1354:
1341:
1324:
1315:
1312:ed. Buber, pp. 61b, 64a, b, 74b
1306:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1257:
257:Baraita on the Thirty-two Rules
252:Baraita of the Forty-nine Rules
1707:
1436:Midrashim on the Five Megillot
1378:On 3:3, 3:18, 3:22, 3:26, 3:32
1245:
1232:
1212:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1173:
1132:
1014:Running commentary and stories
1:
1411:"EKAH (LAMENTATIONS) RABBATI"
1125:
1110:, are the most impressive in
886:
451:Iggeret of Rabbi Sherira Gaon
1441:Rabbot to Pent. and Megillot
1265:Einleitung in die Responsen,
7:
853:
832:is said to have approached
694:
624:Targum to the Five Megillot
10:
1835:
1360:ed. Buber, pp. 31a et seq.
1181:Gottesdienstliche Vorträge
947:is used as a proem in the
911:. The aggadic comment on
867:had been the subject. The
1690:
1677:American Standard Version
1644:
1628:
1612:
1591:
1570:
1549:
1457:, G. V. pp. 179–181;
1430:Earliest editions of the
1096:Aarne-Thompson tale-types
907:, and especially for the
210:Mekhilta le-Sefer Devarim
154:Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael
873:destruction of the First
722:
1742:Christianity portal
1507:(registration required)
1416:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1334:1880, p. 185; Maybaum,
891:The sources from which
813:. Like Genesis Rabbah,
772:
676:Midrash on Lamentations
347:Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer
247:Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva
204:Sifrei Zutta on Numbers
191:Numbers and Deuteronomy
564:Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
1682:World English Version
909:Pesiqta de-Rab Kahana
729:Chananel ben Chushiel
716:Pesikta de-Rav Kahana
292:Pesikta de-Rav Kahana
179:Sifra (Torat Kohanim)
1819:Book of Lamentations
1786:Book of Ecclesiastes
1543:Book of Lamentations
1447:Eichah Rabbati, ed.
1020:Book of Lamentations
865:Book of Lamentations
704:Book of Lamentations
633:Targum to Chronicles
446:Shir ha-Shirim Zutta
367:Shir HaShirim Rabbah
1636:Lamentations Rabbah
1620:Targum Lamentations
1503:Lamentations Rabbah
1497:Lamentations Rabbah
1347:Talmud Yerushalmi,
1158:Galit Hasan-Rokem,
1119:Lamentations Rabbah
1112:Lamentations Rabbah
1104:Temple in Jerusalem
1079:Lamentations Rabbah
1052:Lamentations Rabbah
1048:Lamentations Rabbah
1000:Ecclesiastes Rabbah
995:Ecclesiastes Rabbah
984:Lamentations Rabbah
972:Lamentations Rabbah
953:Lamentations Rabbah
945:Lamentations Rabbah
939:; the fifth in the
937:Lamentations Rabbah
901:Lamentations Rabbah
897:Lamentations Rabbah
815:Lamentations Rabbah
811:Lamentations Rabbah
803:Lamentations Rabbah
783:Lamentations Rabbah
747:Lamentations Rabbah
362:Ecclesiastes Rabbah
352:Tanna Devei Eliyahu
342:Avot de-Rabbi Natan
287:Lamentations Rabbah
47:Talmudic literature
23:Rabbinic literature
1754:Judaism portal
1672:King James Version
830:Yohanan ben Zakkai
702:commentary to the
372:Deuteronomy Rabbah
357:Alphabet of Sirach
322:Megillat Antiochus
1801:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1369:pp. 23a, 56a, 56b
1303:ed. Buber, p. 68a
1294:ed. Buber, p. 47a
1276:ed. Buber, p. 30a
1108:Bar Kokhba revolt
1061:Shimon ben Lakish
1039:65a, telling how
779:Galit Hasan-Rokem
692:
672:
671:
639:
638:
601:
600:
579:
578:
533:
532:
526:Smaller midrashim
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411:
400:Baraita of Samuel
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328:
269:
268:
242:Seder Olam Rabbah
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103:Babylonian Talmud
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1730:Bible portal
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1698:Book of Jeremiah
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1667:Wycliffe Version
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1263:Compare Müller,
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1106:and the fateful
1075:is given twice.
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431:Midrash Tehillim
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390:Midrash Proverbs
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312:Seder Olam Zutta
307:Leviticus Rabbah
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136:Halakhic Midrash
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111:
98:Jerusalem Talmud
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1407:Singer, Isidore
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733:Megillat Eichah
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668:
615:Targum Tehillim
594:Targum Jonathan
568:Fragment Targum
516:Midrash HaGadol
436:Midrash Hashkem
380:Pesikta Rabbati
224:Aggadic Midrash
123:Minor Tractates
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1792:) →
1772:Book of Baruch
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1491:External links
1489:
1488:
1487:
1482:iii. 62, s.v.
1473:
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1432:Midrash Eichah
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1332:Monatsschrift,
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1142:(Berlin, 1894)
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1092:folktale types
1041:Abba bar Zabda
1024:Genesis Rabbah
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905:Genesis Rabbah
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807:Genesis Rabbah
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763:Yalkut Shimoni
759:Megillat Kinot
751:Midrash Eichah
742:Yalkut Shimoni
737:Eichah Rabbati
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711:Genesis Rabbah
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36:Talmud Readers
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
1831:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1814:Midrash Rabba
1812:
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1791:
1787:
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1777:
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1461:J.L. Rapoport
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1402:public domain
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1387:On 2:16, 3:46
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1168:9780804732277
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1140:Solomon Buber
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794:Salomon Buber
790:
786:
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780:
777:According to
770:
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767:Midrash Zutta
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755:Midrash Kinot
752:
748:
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506:Midrash Jonah
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441:Exodus Rabbah
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302:Midrash Iyyob
300:
298:
297:Esther Rabbah
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40:Adolf Behrman
37:
32:
28:
27:
24:
21:
20:
1790:Hebrew Bible
1770:
1714:Hebrew Bible
1710:Book of Ruth
1652:Hebrew Bible
1635:
1613:Translations
1439:
1435:
1431:
1414:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1285:129b et seq.
1281:
1272:
1264:
1259:
1247:
1234:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1180:
1175:
1159:
1134:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1100:
1078:
1077:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1017:
999:
993:
983:
981:
975:
971:
967:
957:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
930:
918:Lamentations
908:
904:
900:
896:
890:
857:
845:
827:
814:
810:
806:
802:
789:Leopold Zunz
787:
782:
776:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
740:
736:
732:
726:
714:
708:
675:
673:
628:Targum Sheni
621:Targum Iyyov
463:1000–1200 CE
405:Targum Sheni
286:
35:
1480:Jew. Encyc.
1229:68d et seq.
823:Koine Greek
735:. The term
695:Ēkhā Rabbāh
427:Eichah Zuta
417:900–1000 CE
395:Ruth Rabbah
1808:Categories
1766:Protestant
1657:Septuagint
1467:Weiss, Dor
1126:References
924:1:21, the
887:The Proems
881:Tisha B'Av
684:אֵיכָה רבה
511:Ein Yaakov
334:650–900 CE
274:400–600 CE
1557:Jerusalem
1499:in Hebrew
1476:W. Bacher
1088:Athenians
1084:Jerusalem
1054:the same
1008:synagogal
834:Vespasian
700:midrashic
689:romanized
630:to Esther
424:Ruth Zuta
234:Tannaitic
171:Leviticus
57:Tannaitic
1776:Catholic
1629:Analysis
1599:Acrostic
1449:S. Buber
1349:Berachot
1330:Compare
1240:S. Buber
1218:Compare
989:ר ... פת
926:Hafṭarah
854:Contents
713:and the
1645:Sources
1434:in the
1404::
1242:, p. 3a
1223:Shabbat
1209:52c-66b
1179:In the
1069:before
1056:aggadah
1037:Ta'anit
1033:Mishnah
1028:aggadic
976:Pesiqta
968:Pesiqta
949:Pesiqta
941:Pesiqta
933:Pesiqta
869:aggadic
838:Aramaic
698:) is a
691::
607:Ketuvim
585:Nevi'im
317:Tanhuma
84:Amoraic
71:Tosefta
66:Mishnah
1571:People
1227:Ta'an.
1191:p. 39a
1166:
964:Isaiah
960:Psalms
922:Isaiah
877:Second
860:proems
842:Hebrew
819:Judean
817:is of
680:Hebrew
539:Targum
146:Exodus
88:Gemara
1604:Qinah
1583:Judah
1578:Jacob
1550:Place
1338:p. 42
1267:p. 38
913:Hosea
847:Arukh
723:Names
550:Torah
488:Later
199:Sifre
115:Later
1778:and
1592:Term
1562:Zion
1455:Zunz
1238:ed.
1164:ISBN
875:and
840:and
798:Edom
773:Date
674:The
1138:By
38:by
1810::
1413:.
1351:2d
1254:29
1147:^
903:,
850:.
825:.
781:,
769:.
757:,
753:,
719:.
706:.
686:,
682::
1788:(
1782:)
1774:(
1768:)
1764:(
1716:)
1712:(
1704:)
1700:(
1535:e
1528:t
1521:v
1486:.
1170:.
1072:ע
1066:פ
678:(
663:e
656:t
649:v
212:)
208:(
90:)
86:(
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