885:
1209:
849:
873:
837:
861:
188:
362:
897:
163:
1043:
144:
36:
821:, an acorn that lies dormant until germinated by wet weather. This might occur anywhere from late summer to late autumn or early winter (October, November or December) of the following year. The acorns are very bitter, varying greatly in size and shape from one specimen to another and tasting bad. Acorns can germinate even before falling from the plant, but
1224:
to disappear when rainfall is lacking. Their ecological importance is as a habitat and food source in these areas (they have edible acorns, although with a very bitter taste) for nesting birds, foxes, rodents and wild boars. It forms thickets, thorny and dense, some recorded as tall as 5 m. It
1219:
Populations typically occur in desert regions without any inhabited nucleus because crops are not economically profitable and the climate becomes progressively more continental and drier and therefore end in extreme temperatures accompanied by slow-growing dwarf juniper species. It is the last
1184:, living on calcareous, pebbly, stony and poor soils. A lover of warm weather, it starts to fail from 1,000 m (3,300 ft) above sea level. It is capable of supporting the continental Mediterranean climate with more extreme temperatures and low rainfall, replacing
1314:
Kermes oaks have become scarce due to their replacement in wet zones by larger species such as Holm oak. It has also suffered from extensive culling for use as charcoal. It is the only food and shelter for wildlife in some areas, such as the
997:, the 'Palestinian oak', of the eastern Mediterranean, has been distinguished from the kermes oak by its larger size (more often a tree, up to 18 m) and larger acorns over 2 cm diameter. In
1322:
It can survive heavy sheep and goat grazing for a long time as a ground carpet a few cm high, and will grow higher as a bush or a tree according to how much the grazing pressure is slackened.
814:
are 2–3 cm long and 1.5–2 cm in diameter when mature about 18 months after pollination. They are held in a cup covered in dense, elongated, reflexed scales.
1465:
Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min; Hipp, Andrew L. (2017), Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier; Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.),
1600:
1289:
1905:
2533:
2572:
2724:
956:, which refers to its small size, a feature it shares with other oak species in similar habitats in other parts of the world, such as the
1359:
1549:
1190:(holm oak) in drier areas where it excels in drought resistance. It also grows on sea cliffs and in windy areas where other species of
2754:
2481:
1574:
2494:
1678:
1467:"An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns"
100:
799:
72:
2564:
1489:
1153:
and can survive heavy sheep and goat grazing for long periods as a ground cover a few centimeters high. The same is true in
2749:
2636:
1168:
The species grows on dry, sunny slopes. It supports both subhumid climates with dry summers or semi-desert climates with
79:
2468:
53:
2744:
1519:
1141:, especially in central southern and eastern halves. It is similarly found on islands in the Mediterranean, from the
119:
1350:, the tallest tree of this species has grown to a height of 17 meters. The tree is approximately 700 years old.
86:
2577:
2520:
2734:
1437:
187:
57:
2662:
642:
68:
1466:
2670:
2400:
1671:
1172:
between 400 and 600 millimetres (16 and 24 in). A very hardy species, it grows well in all types of
2657:
2499:
1023:
931:
17:
884:
730:
2559:
2739:
1408:
872:
896:
848:
2339:
46:
2626:
2538:
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2041:
1664:
93:
1553:
336:
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1225:
is sometimes accompanied by other plant species of the same size and climber plants such as
2442:
2078:
1800:
1269:
660:
293:
8:
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2319:
2129:
2104:
1782:
1307:
1213:
152:
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2260:
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2204:
1975:
1835:
1812:
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1599:
Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017).
1274:
1241:
1027:
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978:
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836:
650:
374:
309:
182:
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2179:
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2701:
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1939:
1916:
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1615:
1611:
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1403:
1142:
1066:
935:
725:
is related to the production of red cochineal (crimson) dye and derived from Latin
646:
2411:
1635:
1474:
Oaks
Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L.
2675:
2585:
2228:
2216:
1951:
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1014:
1002:
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709:
225:
1481:
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1347:
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212:
726:
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2473:
2385:
1890:
1850:
1707:
1535:
1394:
1284:
1230:
927:
817:
It blooms from March to May in weather still wet. It is easily propagated by
352:
172:
167:
734:
2688:
2053:
1868:
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1186:
2421:
361:
2590:
2507:
2394:
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1316:
1177:
969:
939:
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1319:
and other dry areas where chaparral replaces oaks due to low rainfall.
1246:
1124:
1042:
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1256:
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1109:
1099:
957:
803:
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143:
35:
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2153:
2008:
1820:
1790:
1331:
1169:
1154:
1118:
1076:
798: ft) tall (with 10 m or 33 ft specimens recorded in
676:
271:
238:
2525:
2460:
1601:"Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks"
1899:
1260:
1113:
903:
802:, Libya) and 50 centimetres (20 inches) in trunk diameter. It is
718:
707:. The Kermes Oak was historically important as the food plant of
668:
664:
261:
2447:
2025:
1688:
1343:
1146:
1104:
998:
807:
700:
684:
680:
672:
251:
1092:
forms monospecific communities or communities integrated with
2192:
1996:
1987:
1959:
1923:
1843:
1733:
1311:
etc. The communities receiving several characteristic names.
1196:
1158:
1150:
1094:
1061:
1057:
811:
749:
704:
696:
692:
688:
199:
2241:
2167:
2117:
2066:
2013:
1476:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 13–38,
1330:
It is included as an endangered species in the Red Book of
1173:
818:
767:
1383:
1825:
960:
communities from various parts of the
Americas. The word
714:
637:
281:
1384:
Gorener, V.; Barstow, M. & Harvey-Brown, Y. (2018).
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1598:
1550:"Important bird areas fact sheet: Jabal al Akhdar"
1509:
1464:
825:is also multiplied by root suckers and layering.
721:was obtained. The etymology of the specific name
2716:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1137:It is located throughout the region around the
946:in those languages. The common Spanish name of
1409:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T194078A2296598.en
1239:is associated with several asparagus species,
810:1.5–4 cm long and 1–3 cm broad. The
1672:
1423:
1200:cannot resist the harsh weather conditions.
1514:. San Jose: Writers Club Press. p. 9.
1360:Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
1037:
1679:
1665:
1510:Young, Frank N. Jr; Kritsky, Gene (2002).
360:
161:
142:
1407:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1552:. BirdLife International. Archived from
1207:
1041:
14:
2717:
1686:
987:
934:" (garrigue oak) in French. The term "
2361:
2360:
1660:
1013:
1337:
916:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
2725:IUCN Red List least concern species
1395:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1377:
1064:it dominates often bears its name (
1006:
942:" (meaning "twisted") the name for
537:Kotschy ex A.DC., not validly publ.
521:Kotschy ex A.DC., not validly publ.
24:
25:
2766:
938:" comes from Catalan or Occitan "
806:, with spiny-serrated coriaceous
2755:Flora of the Mediterranean Basin
2663:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295963-1
1022:oak'. As of February 2023,
895:
883:
871:
859:
847:
835:
713:scale insects, from which a red
186:
34:
1325:
1060:or dwarf vegetation, where the
1001:it is called the 'common oak' (
733:, the kermes insect. The Latin
45:needs additional citations for
1628:
1616:10.6084/m9.figshare.5547622.v1
1592:
1567:
1542:
1528:
1503:
1458:
1056:is an important Mediterranean
740:
401:Kotschy ex A.DC., nom. subnud.
13:
1:
1370:
513:Kotschy ex A.DC., nom. illeg.
1640:Red Book of Bulgaria, vol. 1
1447:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
7:
2750:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1579:Online Etymology Dictionary
1482:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2
1353:
911:
766:feet) high, rarely a small
10:
2771:
1445:Plants of the World Online
1203:
1024:Plants of the World Online
973:meaning "little thicket".
828:
649:of the genus. It has many
2369:
2331:
2315:Tizra heartwood and root
2272:
2240:
2191:
2166:
2116:
2065:
1889:
1880:
1848:Tanner's sumach leaves -
1779:
1695:
1176:as a shrub, withstanding
497:Raulin ex A.DC., pro syn.
380:
373:
368:
359:
342:
335:
183:Scientific classification
181:
159:
150:
141:
136:
2745:Plants described in 1753
1757:Myrtan or black marlock
1247:Mediterranean dwarf palm
1038:Distribution and habitat
2340:Anadenanthera colubrina
1180:. It is indifferent to
930:in 1753. It is called "
926:was first described by
770:, reaching 1–6 metres (
2042:Myracrodruon urundeuva
1512:A Survey of Entomology
1216:
1050:
1015:[a'lonma'tsuj]
675:and west to east from
667:, south to north from
659:. It is native to the
2735:Flora of North Africa
1402:: e.T194078A2296598.
1259:, several species of
1211:
1045:
729:which was from Greek
663:and Northern African
414:Quercus brachybalanos
2079:Bergenia crassifolia
1801:Anogeissus latifolia
1783:hydrolysable tannins
1270:Pistacia terebinthus
1231:Mediterranean smilax
1049:bush in coastal area
752:less than 2 metres (
661:Mediterranean region
574:Quercus pseudorigida
566:Quercus pentadactyla
54:improve this article
2320:Searsia pentaphylla
2130:Rumex hymenosepalus
2105:Coriaria myrtifolia
1854:or Chinese gall on
1636:"Quercus coccifera"
1308:Rhamnus catharticus
1214:Castelltallat range
995:Quercus calliprinos
989:Quercus calliprinos
932:chêne des garrigues
656:Quercus calliprinos
469:Svent. & Marcet
457:Svent. & Marcet
430:Quercus chainolepis
422:Quercus calliprinos
153:Conservation status
69:"Quercus coccifera"
2332:Undetermined organ
2284:sp. bark and wood
2261:Quercus infectoria
2254:Quercus lusitanica
2205:Libidibia coriaria
1976:Conocarpus erectus
1836:Quercus macrolepis
1813:Terminalia chebula
1762:Eucalyptus redunca
1265:Juniperus, sabinas
1242:Crataegus monogyna
1217:
1149:. It is common in
1051:
878:Close-up of leaves
598:Quercus sibthorpii
577:Kotschy ex A.Camus
558:Quercus palaestina
486:Quercus consobrina
2712:
2711:
2627:Quercus coccifera
2614:Quercus_coccifera
2599:Open Tree of Life
2401:Quercus coccifera
2371:Quercus coccifera
2363:Taxon identifiers
2354:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2180:Senegalia catechu
2142:Quercus coccifera
1750:Acacia mollissima
1699:condensed tannins
1491:978-3-319-69099-5
1440:Quercus coccifera
1388:Quercus coccifera
1338:Notable specimens
1296:Rhamnus lycioides
1290:Rhamnus atlantica
1237:Q. coccifera
1220:species of genus
1212:Flowering in the
1163:Iberian Peninsula
1139:Mediterranean Sea
1090:Q. coccifera
1054:Quercus coccifera
1032:Quercus coccifera
975:Quercus coccifera
944:Q. coccifera
924:Quercus coccifera
918:Quercus coccifera
823:Q. coccifera
746:Quercus coccifera
629:Quercus coccifera
625:
624:
618:
610:
609:Kotschy ex A.DC.
602:
601:Kotschy ex Boiss.
594:
586:
582:Quercus recurvans
578:
570:
562:
554:
546:
538:
530:
522:
514:
506:
502:Quercus dipsacina
498:
490:
482:
481:(Kotschy) Holmboe
474:Quercus coccifera
470:
462:Quercus coccifera
458:
450:Quercus coccifera
446:
438:Quercus coccifera
434:
426:
418:
410:
402:
398:Quercus aquifolia
394:
369:Distribution map
346:Quercus coccifera
328:Q. coccifera
176:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2762:
2705:
2704:
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2691:
2679:
2678:
2666:
2665:
2653:
2652:
2640:
2639:
2630:
2629:
2617:
2616:
2607:
2606:
2594:
2593:
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2580:
2568:
2567:
2555:
2554:
2542:
2541:
2529:
2528:
2516:
2515:
2503:
2502:
2490:
2489:
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2476:
2464:
2463:
2451:
2450:
2438:
2437:
2425:
2424:
2415:
2414:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2358:
2357:
2308:Notholithocarpus
2289:Prosopis humilis
1971:Button mangrove
1940:Senna auriculata
1917:Acacia decurrens
1911:Acacia pycnantha
1887:
1886:
1808:Myrobalan fruit
1681:
1674:
1667:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1605:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1581:. Douglas Harper
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1546:
1540:
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1532:
1526:
1525:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1499:
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1471:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1434:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1411:
1381:
1302:Rhamnus oleoides
1143:Balearic Islands
1098:, mediterranean
1026:regards it as a
1017:
1012:
1008:
899:
887:
875:
863:
854:Leaves on branch
851:
839:
797:
796:
792:
789:
783:
782:
778:
775:
765:
764:
760:
757:
737:means 'bearer'.
616:
614:Scolodrys rigida
608:
600:
592:
585:Kotschy ex A.DC.
584:
576:
568:
560:
552:
544:
536:
528:
520:
518:Quercus echinata
512:
505:Kotschy ex A.DC.
504:
496:
489:Kotschy ex A.DC.
488:
480:
468:
456:
444:
433:Kotschy ex A.DC.
432:
424:
417:Kotschy ex A.DC.
416:
409:Kotschy ex A.DC.
408:
400:
392:
364:
348:
314:
298:
191:
190:
170:
165:
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134:
133:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2740:Trees of Europe
2715:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2700:
2695:
2687:
2682:
2674:
2669:
2661:
2656:
2648:
2643:
2635:
2633:
2625:
2620:
2612:
2610:
2602:
2597:
2589:
2586:Observation.org
2584:
2576:
2571:
2563:
2558:
2550:
2545:
2537:
2532:
2524:
2519:
2511:
2506:
2498:
2493:
2485:
2480:
2472:
2467:
2459:
2454:
2446:
2441:
2433:
2428:
2420:
2418:
2410:
2408:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2365:
2355:
2346:
2327:
2268:
2236:
2229:Moullava digyna
2217:Acacia nilotica
2187:
2162:
2112:
2061:
1952:Acacia nilotica
1902:
1898:General :
1882:
1876:
1781:
1775:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1655:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1620:
1618:
1603:
1597:
1593:
1584:
1582:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1559:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1469:
1463:
1459:
1450:
1448:
1436:
1435:
1424:
1414:
1412:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1356:
1340:
1328:
1206:
1040:
1010:
992:
964:comes from the
921:
914:
907:
900:
891:
888:
879:
876:
867:
864:
855:
852:
843:
840:
831:
794:
790:
787:
785:
780:
776:
773:
771:
762:
758:
755:
753:
743:
699:, Balkans, and
621:
550:Quercus obtecta
526:Quercus fenzlii
494:Quercus cretica
406:Quercus arcuata
386:
385:
355:
350:
344:
331:
312:
296:
185:
177:
166:
162:
155:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
27:Species of tree
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2768:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2702:wfo-0000290191
2693:
2680:
2667:
2654:
2641:
2631:
2618:
2608:
2595:
2582:
2569:
2556:
2543:
2530:
2517:
2504:
2491:
2478:
2465:
2452:
2439:
2426:
2416:
2406:
2391:
2375:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2296:Prosopis nigra
2292:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2246:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2200:Divi-divi pod
2197:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2172:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2093:Uncaria gambir
2084:
2083:
2082:
2071:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1921:
1908:(most notably
1903:
1895:
1893:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1857:Rhus chinensis
1841:
1840:
1839:
1829:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1794:
1787:
1785:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1739:Vitis vinifera
1731:
1730:
1729:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1703:
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1348:Kalopanagiotis
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1202:
1182:soil chemistry
1039:
1036:
991:
986:
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902:Kermes oak in
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606:Quercus valida
603:
595:
590:Quercus rigida
587:
579:
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531:
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510:Quercus dispar
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445:(Webb) Holmboe
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2149:Sea lavender
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1901:
1897:
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1885:
1881:Other sources
1879:
1871:
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1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1851:Rhus coriaria
1847:
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1720:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1708:Areca catechu
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1694:
1690:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1670:
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1613:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1556:on 2014-02-22
1555:
1551:
1545:
1537:
1531:
1523:
1521:0-595-22143-2
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1033:
1029:
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1016:
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990:
985:
983:
982:
977:is placed in
976:
972:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
954:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
928:Carl Linnaeus
925:
919:
905:
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874:
869:
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845:
838:
833:
832:
826:
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820:
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
769:
751:
748:is usually a
747:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
711:
706:
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694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
657:
652:
648:
645:
644:
640:bush in the
639:
635:
631:
630:
617:(Willd.) Raf.
615:
612:
607:
604:
599:
596:
591:
588:
583:
580:
575:
572:
567:
564:
559:
556:
551:
548:
543:
542:Quercus mesto
540:
535:
534:Quercus inops
532:
527:
524:
519:
516:
511:
508:
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500:
495:
492:
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407:
404:
399:
396:
391:
390:Ilex aculeata
388:
387:
379:
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372:
367:
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358:
354:
349:
347:
341:
338:
337:Binomial name
334:
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213:Tracheophytes
211:
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205:
204:
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198:
195:
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189:
184:
180:
174:
169:
168:Least Concern
158:
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124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2370:
2338:
2318:
2306:
2294:
2287:
2279:
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2227:
2215:
2203:
2178:
2152:
2141:
2140:
2128:
2103:
2091:
2077:
2054:Salix caprea
2052:
2040:
2030:
2018:
2001:
1986:
1974:
1964:
1950:
1938:
1928:
1915:
1909:
1869:Tara spinosa
1867:
1855:
1849:
1834:
1831:Valonia oak
1811:
1799:
1760:
1748:
1745:Mimosa bark
1738:
1724:
1715:arecatannins
1706:
1643:. Retrieved
1639:
1630:
1619:. Retrieved
1607:
1594:
1583:. Retrieved
1578:
1569:
1558:. Retrieved
1554:the original
1544:
1530:
1511:
1505:
1495:, retrieved
1473:
1460:
1449:. Retrieved
1444:
1439:
1413:. Retrieved
1399:
1393:
1387:
1379:
1365:Kermes (dye)
1341:
1329:
1326:Conservation
1321:
1313:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1285:sarsaparilla
1280:Olea europea
1278:
1268:
1264:
1250:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1221:
1218:
1195:
1191:
1187:Quercus ilex
1185:
1167:
1136:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1103:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1053:
1052:
1047:Q. coccifera
1046:
1031:
994:
993:
988:
980:
974:
968:
961:
951:
948:Q. coccifera
947:
943:
923:
922:
917:
822:
816:
745:
744:
722:
708:
703:, including
655:
654:
653:, including
641:
633:
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627:
626:
613:
605:
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589:
581:
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541:
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310:
294:
282:
245:
232:
219:
206:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2508:iNaturalist
2395:Wikispecies
2273:Whole plant
1721:Broad bean
1687:Sources of
1575:"chaparral"
1536:"Cochineal"
1346:village of
1317:Ebro valley
1178:overgrazing
741:Description
687:, crossing
466:kryptocarpa
454:cryptocarpa
442:calliprinos
226:Angiosperms
137:Kermes oak
2719:Categories
2650:kew-172199
2645:Plant List
2137:Garouille
1780:Sources of
1726:Vicia faba
1696:Sources of
1645:19 January
1621:2023-02-18
1585:2013-06-22
1560:2013-06-22
1497:2022-11-16
1451:2023-02-21
1415:25 January
1371:References
1125:Rosmarinus
1100:buckthorns
1018:) or the '
634:kermes oak
478:palaestina
290:Subgenus:
80:newspapers
18:Kermes oak
2249:Gall oak
2224:Teri pod
2212:Sant pod
2125:Canaigre
1965:Betula sp
1864:Tara pod
1770:Quebracho
1227:asparagus
1110:Arecaceae
1088:, etc.).
1086:chaparral
1082:carrascal
1020:Palestine
1007:אלון מצוי
958:chaparral
804:evergreen
723:coccifera
322:Species:
306:Section:
196:Kingdom:
110:June 2013
2689:13100190
2684:Tropicos
2611:PalDat:
2539:11136143
2526:295963-1
2419:BioLib:
2380:Wikidata
2281:Prosopis
2154:Limonium
2037:Urunday
2031:Picea sp
2019:Pinus sp
2009:Mangrove
2002:Larix sp
1983:Hemlock
1929:Alnus sp
1883:by organ
1821:Oak bark
1791:Chestnut
1608:figshare
1354:See also
1332:Bulgaria
1261:Junipers
1170:rainfall
1161:and the
1155:Mallorca
1119:Pistacia
1114:junipers
1077:garrigue
1072:coscojar
979:section
962:chaparro
953:chaparro
936:garrigue
912:Taxonomy
677:Portugal
651:synonyms
636:, is an
393:Garsault
375:Synonyms
311:Quercus
295:Quercus
272:Fagaceae
268:Family:
239:Eudicots
173:IUCN 3.1
2730:Quercus
2560:MoBotPF
2487:2879175
2448:1151700
2386:Q158178
2343:(vilca)
2303:Tanoak
2100:Redoul
2087:Gambier
2049:Willow
1935:Avaram
1906:Acacias
1900:Tanbark
1689:tannins
1277:, wild
1252:ephedra
1222:Quercus
1204:Ecology
1192:Quercus
1134:, etc.
1028:synonym
904:Kythera
829:Gallery
793:⁄
779:⁄
761:⁄
719:crimson
717:called
669:Morocco
665:Maghreb
647:section
561:Kotschy
529:Kotschy
476:subsp.
464:subsp.
452:subsp.
440:subsp.
283:Quercus
278:Genus:
262:Fagales
258:Order:
200:Plantae
171: (
94:scholar
2604:272695
2565:280738
2552:194078
2474:172498
2422:127660
2412:143317
2409:APDB:
2175:Cutch
2074:Badan
2067:Leaves
2026:Spruce
1947:Babul
1796:Dhawa
1518:
1488:
1344:Cyprus
1275:mastic
1267:...),
1257:myrtle
1147:Cyprus
1131:Thymus
1105:Myrtus
1067:maquis
1003:Hebrew
999:Israel
970:txapar
966:Basque
940:garric
890:Acorns
866:Leaves
812:acorns
808:leaves
731:κόκκος
727:coccum
710:Kermes
701:Greece
685:Turkey
681:Cyprus
673:France
632:, the
593:Willd.
545:Boiss.
299:Cerris
252:Rosids
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2676:14248
2634:PFI:
2591:80229
2578:58335
2534:IRMNG
2513:82942
2500:30662
2469:EUNIS
2461:QUECC
2435:4R4M7
2242:Galls
2193:Fruit
2168:Woods
2118:Roots
1997:Larch
1988:Tsuga
1960:Birch
1924:Alder
1891:Barks
1844:Sumac
1734:Grape
1711:seed
1604:(xls)
1470:(PDF)
1197:Pinus
1174:soils
1159:Ibiza
1151:Crete
1095:Pinus
1062:biome
842:Trunk
750:shrub
735:-fera
705:Crete
697:Libya
693:Italy
689:Spain
553:Poir.
313:sect.
297:subg.
246:Clade
233:Clade
220:Clade
207:Clade
101:JSTOR
87:books
2658:POWO
2622:PfaF
2573:NCBI
2547:IUCN
2521:IPNI
2495:GRIN
2482:GBIF
2456:EPPO
2014:Pine
1914:and
1828:wood
1793:wood
1772:wood
1647:2017
1516:ISBN
1486:ISBN
1417:2024
1400:2018
1058:bush
1011:IPA:
981:Ilex
819:seed
800:Kouf
768:tree
683:and
643:Ilex
569:Bosc
425:Webb
384:List
315:Ilex
73:news
2697:WFO
2671:RHS
2637:262
2443:EoL
2430:CoL
1826:Oak
1612:doi
1478:doi
1442:L."
1404:doi
1342:In
1229:or
1194:or
1145:to
1030:of
950:is
715:dye
679:to
671:to
638:oak
56:by
2721::
2699::
2686::
2673::
2660::
2647::
2624::
2601::
2588::
2575::
2562::
2549::
2536::
2523::
2510::
2497::
2484::
2471::
2458::
2445::
2432::
2397::
2382::
2156:sp
1990:sp
1638:.
1610:.
1606:.
1577:.
1484:,
1472:,
1425:^
1398:.
1392:.
1334:.
1305:,
1299:,
1293:,
1287:,
1283:,
1273:,
1255:,
1249:,
1245:,
1233:.
1165:.
1157:,
1128:,
1122:,
1116:,
1112:,
1108:,
1102:,
1084:,
1080:,
1074:,
1070:,
1034:.
1009:,
1005::
984:.
906:.
786:19
695:,
691:,
353:L.
248::
235::
222::
209::
1920:)
1680:e
1673:t
1666:v
1649:.
1624:.
1614::
1588:.
1563:.
1538:.
1524:.
1480::
1454:.
1438:"
1419:.
1406::
1390:"
1386:"
1263:(
795:2
791:1
788:+
784:–
781:2
777:1
774:+
772:3
763:2
759:1
756:+
754:6
175:)
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
