452:
contentious move and the effects are unclear. The Times article describes the move as conflicting with other regional players interests, primarily Saudi Arabia. Time however, explains that it is no different than any of the other economic deals within the BRI that include other nations like other
Persian Gulf states and Egypt. China's increasing support for nations that are in conflict with one another may begin to work against it, like its support of Palestine and Israel. Though this may pale in comparison to the economic progress made through the BRI for the Middle East as a whole. Declining relations with the West and China's hands off policy in domestic matters of trade partners, makes China an appealing candidate for economic future of many states in the Middle East. The deal with Iran may be the model under which other nations begin to follow.
31:
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trade relations. However, the U.S. has had a hand in pushing the two nations together in the past. Its policies in the past have inadvertently pressured the two to work together due to nuclear nonproliferation and economic sanctions. China is often extending an economic lifeline to Iran due to U.S. sanctions. Saied
Khatibzadeh, spokesperson for Iran's Foreign Ministry denies that progress in the deal has been delayed till after the US 2020 election. As of October 19, 2020 the US has sanctioned six entities and two individuals for their activities involved with the Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines (IRISL).
1630:
1562:
79:
1574:
408:. There are also prospective developments in including Pakistan. Both Iran and Pakistan have had friendly relations with China in the past. The Belt and Road Initiative's benefits have the potential to outweigh the political and religious differences. Freer trade between Iran and Pakistan due to railways and ports could open up potential development in both countries. There would also be a stronger, unified front to pressure Afghanistan to follow suit. This potential agreement would also relieve India's pressure on Pakistan and China.
3009:
443:. The draft includes joint military exercises and training, research and weapons development, and intelligence sharing. The reason being to stop terrorism, trafficking in persons and drugs, and cross-border crimes. Those reports were categorically denied by Iranian authorities on numerous occasions. Article 146 of the Iranian constitution forbids the presence of foreign military bases on Iranian soil, even for peaceful purposes.
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compensation." The same report added that the agreement would allow China to deploy security personnel on the ground in Iran to protect
Chinese projects, and that there would be additional personnel and materiel available to protect the eventual transit of oil, gas, and petrochemicals supplies from Iran to China, where necessary, including through the Persian Gulf.
1008:
934:
214:, who stated "such a deal doesn't even exist, let alone have articles", and that "we have not handed over a meter of land to China or any other country, nor granted any foreign country the exclusive right to take advantage of a handspan of Iran’s soil, and will not do this ”. Later on, the spokesman for the
460:
Despite the escalations in tensions between the US, Iran and China, due to
President Biden's administration, the Cooperation Plan is not in response to US actions. The deal had been in development since 2016, before the Trump administration left the Iran deal and prior to the changes in Chinese-U.S.
451:
China's long term policy on non-political intervention has served it well in the pursuit of economic development. China has become economically involved with many nations in the Middle East and the BRI will likely include many of those already involved with China. Making such a deal with Iran is a
206:
stated that, according to the agreement, "China will be able to buy any and all
Iranian oil, gas and petrochemical products at a minimum guaranteed discount of 12pc to the six-month rolling mean price of comparable benchmark products, plus another 6pc to 8pc of that metric for risk-adjusted
436:
report of
September 2019, the investment comes with a discount on oil purchases, prioritizing China in implementing development projects and allowing 5,000 Chinese (foreign) security forces to be present on Iranian soil. There is also talk of deepening military cooperation, according to
505:
162:
over that time period in exchange for a steady and heavily-discounted supply of oil from Iran. The key details of the deal were originally reported by
British journalist and author, Simon Watkins, in an article published on 3 September 2019 in
218:
confirmed to reporters that "there is no handing over of the
Iranian islands, no presence of military forces and no other illusions". Reports regarding heavily-discounted Iranian oil and petrochemical sales were also denied.
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2643:
1456:
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210:
Later reports in other publications added that the deal included the leasing of
Iranian islands to China were categorically denied by Iranian authorities, including by the Iranian foreign minister
388:, and an opportunity to attract investment in various economic fields, including industry, tourism, information technology and communication,” the presidential website quoted Rouhani as saying.
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foreign ministers on 27 March 2021; the final details of the agreement have yet to be officially announced. Under a draft of the 25-year agreement (signed on 24 June 2020 in
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signed the final draft of the program on June 23 in a cabinet meeting and ordered the
Iranian foreign ministry to finalize the negotiations. As of July 2020,
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has yet to pass the deal but will likely follow suit. On 1 October 2020 President Rouhani sent a message to Xi Jinping about signing off on the program.
2545:
1457:"The United States Imposes Sanctions on Chinese and Hong Kong Persons for Activities Related to Supporting the Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines"
611:
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405:
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376:, so it is likely that Iran's request for permanent membership will be repeated in the near future and will be accepted by all its members.
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384:“This cooperation is a ground for Iran and China’s participation in basic projects and development of infrastructure, including the large
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said in June 2020 that in the draft document "cooperation in the development of cyberspace" has been listed and noted that using
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1009:"همکاری نزدیک لاریجانی با دولت در قرارداد 25 ساله با چین- اخبار مجلس و دولت ایران - اخبار سیاسی تسنیم - Tasnim"
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2009:
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1969:
1964:
1918:
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1853:
1808:
1768:
1758:
1668:
1634:
1540:
583:"Iran-China 25-year comprehensive plan for co-op proves failure of efforts to isolate Iran: government"
291:
172:
372:, on which Iran is an observer state, and the 25-year Iran–China program are both part of the Chinese
345:, the two states maintained their diplomatic relationship as Iran and the United States severed their
255:
3626:
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2014:
1974:
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2535:
2177:
2145:
2140:
2044:
1989:
1903:
1813:
1708:
523:"Full text of Joint Statement on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between I.R. Iran, P.R. China"
470:
385:
373:
196:
126:
108:
3493:
3193:
3143:
3043:
2789:
553:"Iran-China 25-year comprehensive plan for co-op proves failure of efforts to isolate Iran: SPOX"
287:
3518:
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2698:
2683:
2648:
2638:
2276:
354:
3601:
2601:
1590:
331:
282:
and Iran officially established diplomatic relations in 1937. In 1971, Iran recognized the
211:
153:
40:
36:
1516:"Defying U.S., China and Iran Near Trade and Military Partnership [archived copy]"
16:
Cooperation agreement between Iran and the People's Republic of China signed in March 2021
8:
2849:
2819:
2779:
2653:
350:
3008:
1184:"Prospects for Pakistan-China-Iran Trilateral Cooperation: Opportunities and Challenges"
3570:
1406:
1369:
1221:
1213:
439:
338:
147:
2844:
2831:
1484:
Watkins, Simon (3 September 2019). 'China and Iran Flesh Out Strategic Partnership',
1410:
1396:
1388:
1361:
1225:
1205:
671:
362:
237:
188:
814:"Zarif says Iran won't give an inch of its soil to China in the 25-year partnership"
3575:
1353:
1195:
480:
230:
192:
2809:
2774:
1573:
1057:"Iran stresses deepening of the 25-year bilateral cooperation program with China"
485:
159:
1395:, Economic, Political, and Military Relations, RAND Corporation, pp. 1–28,
2804:
240:
1357:
3595:
1365:
1209:
1200:
1183:
675:
393:
311:
1295:
726:
628:
1566:
1432:"Iran denies China deal talks suspended until the U.S. has a new president"
389:
327:
323:
315:
307:
259:
965:"امضای برنامه ۲۵ ساله ایران و چین گامی بزرگ در جهت پیشبرد منافع مشترک است"
874:"Iran Denies Reports of 25-Year Strategic Deal with China - Politics news"
334:
in 1961, thus siding with the Western Bloc until the end of the Cold War.
222:
Based on the agreement, China has agreed to inject $ 300-$ 400 billion by
1578:
1554:
1342:"The Crises in the Middle East: A Window of Opportunity for Rising China"
1373:
1341:
1217:
629:"What China's New Deal with Iran Says About Its Ambitions in the Region"
306:, Iran and the People's Republic of China were on opposing sides of the
1266:"یک نماینده مجلس از احتمال اجرای طرح اینترنت ملی با همکاری چین خبر داد"
295:
263:
233:
1056:
964:
404:
Iran has a similar project partnership with India and Russia, called
1027:"ربیعی: برنامه ۲۵ ساله همکاری با چین، شکست انزوای ایران را ثابت کرد"
979:"برنامه 25 ساله همکاری با چین و آینده عضویت ایران در پیمان شانگهای"
905:"China-Iran Strategic Partnership Agreement and New Regional Order"
844:"Iran Denies Allegations about 25-Year Cooperation Deal with China"
522:
303:
664:"Defying U.S., China and Iran Near Trade and Military Partnership"
359:
China still provided aid in the form of armaments to the Iranians
142:
125:
is a 25-year cooperation agreement on the further development of
123:
Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between I.R. Iran, P.R. China
299:
271:
130:
64:
2658:
1629:
1389:"China and Iran:: Economic, Political and Military Relations"
1240:"اجرای طرح اینترنت ملی در سند همکاری ۲۵ ساله با چین آمده است"
283:
134:
83:
2924:
1088:"Gov't Approves 25-Year Roadmap for Iran-China Cooperation"
342:
290:) as the sole legitimate government of China, and likewise
138:
96:
195:. According to Iranian authorities, reviving the Chinese
935:"تصویب سند ۲۵ ساله ایران و چین در هیات دولت و چند نکته!"
226:
into the Iranian oil, gas and petrochemical industries.
229:
The original plan for cooperation had been proposed by
392:
is responsible for pursuing the program, according to
1538:
1118:"برنامه ۲۵ ساله همکاریهای جامع ایران و چین تصویب شد"
1122:خبرگزاری مهر | اخبار ایران و جهان | Mehr News Agency
1514:Fassihi, Farnaz; Myers, Steven Lee (11 July 2020).
1148:"Iran-China Partnership: Is India losing out here?"
662:Fassihi, Farnaz; Myers, Steven Lee (11 July 2020).
399:
292:rescinded its recognition of the Republic of China
3593:
1491:"China and Iran flesh out strategic partnership"
784:"China and Iran flesh out strategic partnership"
697:"China and Iran flesh out strategic partnership"
424:offensive sites and databases can be filtered.
754:"Iran, China Team Up on New Silk Road Project"
727:"موضع هند درباره تفاهمنامه ۲۵ ساله چین-ایران"
24:China–Iran Comprehensive Strategic Partnership
2907:
1612:
1513:
1325:Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
661:
446:
427:
406:International North–South Transport Corridor
2827:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
1429:
1386:
1339:
1296:"از توافق ۲۵ ساله ایران و چین چه درز کرده؟"
612:China, Iran Sign 25-year Cooperation Accord
2914:
2900:
2628:
1619:
1605:
167:stating that the agreement includes up to
29:
1199:
1430:Speare-Cole, Rebecca (5 November 2020).
896:
302:) as a state. In the early years of the
254:
1646:
3594:
1526:from the original on 17 September 2020
1387:Harold, Scott; Nader, Alireza (2012),
1346:European Journal of East Asian Studies
1340:Aoun, Elena; Kellner, Thierry (2015).
1306:from the original on 28 September 2020
1263:
1085:
903:Cheema, Shazia Anwer (28 March 2021).
902:
794:from the original on 21 September 2020
751:
533:from the original on 13 September 2020
506:"وزارت امور خارجه جمهوری اسلامی ایران"
119:Iran–China 25-year Cooperation Program
2895:
2720:
2627:
1645:
1600:
1335:
1333:
1276:from the original on 8 September 2020
1177:
1175:
1173:
1158:from the original on 1 September 2020
111:and regional and international issues
3561:Trade Promotion Organization of Iran
3499:Views on the nuclear program of Iran
1181:
1067:from the original on 11 October 2020
733:from the original on 11 October 2020
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
623:
621:
619:
411:
341:, which established the present-day
39:(left) and Iranian foreign minister
3617:Treaties entered into force in 2021
884:from the original on 2 October 2019
13:
2732:Central Foreign Affairs Commission
1478:
1330:
1170:
915:from the original on 28 March 2021
476:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
14:
3643:
3566:Foreign direct investment in Iran
2857:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
1719:Congo, Democratic Republic of the
1501:from the original on 27 June 2020
1461:United States Department of State
1098:from the original on 14 July 2020
1037:from the original on 29 June 2020
989:from the original on 25 July 2020
945:from the original on 29 June 2020
854:from the original on 16 July 2020
824:from the original on 20 July 2020
707:from the original on 27 June 2020
646:
616:
593:from the original on 27 June 2020
455:
370:Shanghai Cooperation Organization
355:put under international sanctions
43:(right) after signing off on the
3509:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
3007:
2923:
1628:
1584:
1572:
1560:
1548:
1128:from the original on 2 July 2020
764:from the original on 19 May 2020
563:from the original on 7 July 2020
310:, with Iran being a part of the
90:
77:
2877:Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy
2785:Dates of diplomatic recognition
1449:
1423:
1380:
1318:
1288:
1257:
1232:
1140:
1110:
1079:
1049:
1019:
1001:
971:
957:
927:
866:
836:
806:
776:
745:
400:South Asia geo-economics effect
199:is also part of the agreement.
2800:Foreign relations of Hong Kong
1086:Jalili, Saeed (22 June 2020).
752:Jalili, Saeed (14 June 2017).
719:
689:
605:
575:
545:
515:
498:
322:and China being a part of the
1:
2721:
491:
418:Islamic Consultative Assembly
250:
236:during a 2016 visit to Iran.
2756:Diplomatic missions of China
1124:(in Persian). 21 June 2020.
1063:(in Persian). 24 June 2020.
1033:(in Persian). 23 June 2020.
985:(in Persian). 19 July 2020.
422:National Information Network
197:One Belt One Road Initiative
193:manufacturing infrastructure
7:
3547:Minister of Foreign Affairs
3542:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2744:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
788:www.petroleum-economist.com
464:
10:
3648:
3612:Treaties concluded in 2021
3607:March 2021 events in China
3504:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
2815:Political status of Taiwan
1635:Foreign relations of China
386:'Belt and Road' initiative
284:People's Republic of China
183:and another investment of
171:towards developing Iran's
107:Agreement in all areas of
84:People's Republic of China
3534:
3486:
3460:
3434:
3418:
3282:
3084:
3016:
3005:
2936:
2930:Foreign relations of Iran
2727:
2716:
2634:
2623:
2594:
2523:
2332:
2078:
1932:
1656:
1652:
1641:
1358:10.1163/15700615-01402003
447:Effect on the Middle East
428:Chinese military presence
224:foreign direct investment
187:towards upgrading Iran's
145:) previously obtained by
103:
71:
60:
52:
35:Chinese foreign minister
28:
23:
2841:Major historical splits
2765:Belt and Road Initiative
1704:Central African Republic
1201:10.53532/ss.039.03.00104
379:
374:Belt and Road Initiative
351:Iran–U.S. hostage crisis
343:Islamic Republic of Iran
298:government now based in
216:Iranian foreign ministry
97:Islamic Republic of Iran
3514:Israeli–Sunni Coalition
3494:Nuclear program of Iran
2790:Foreign policy of China
2704:China and the Antarctic
2669:China–Japan–South Korea
1013:خبرگزاری تسنیم - Tasnim
339:1979 Iranian Revolution
288:Chinese Communist Party
3552:Diplomatic missions of
3461:Multilateral relations
3300:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2872:Wolf warrior diplomacy
2699:Arctic policy of China
2639:BCIM Economic Corridor
2629:Multilateral relations
1724:Congo, Republic of the
353:. Iran was eventually
275:
181:petrochemicals sectors
3581:Ambassadors from Iran
2795:Foreign Relations Law
2770:China's peaceful rise
1859:São Tomé and Príncipe
1497:. 28 September 2020.
1411:10.7249/j.ctt1q60w8.7
1182:Raza, Fatima (2019).
703:. 28 September 2020.
258:
151:, China is to invest
3632:China–Iran relations
3259:United Arab Emirates
2302:United Arab Emirates
471:China–Iran relations
416:A member of Iranian
212:Mohammad Javad Zarif
127:Iran–China relations
41:Mohammad Javad Zarif
2820:Chinese unification
2780:Confucius Institute
2317:Northern Domination
2055:Trinidad and Tobago
1940:Antigua and Barbuda
1647:Bilateral relations
1495:Petroleum Economist
1486:Petroleum Economist
1152:Times of India Blog
701:Petroleum Economist
434:Petroleum Economist
204:Petroleum Economist
165:Petroleum Economist
109:bilateral relations
45:cooperation program
3571:Propaganda in Iran
1995:Dominican Republic
1520:The New York Times
909:Dispatch News Desk
878:Tasnim News Agency
668:The New York Times
440:The New York Times
276:
148:The New York Times
3622:Treaties of China
3589:
3588:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2867:Theater diplomacy
2832:Stadium diplomacy
2752:
2740:
2737:General Secretary
2712:
2711:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2614:
1739:Equatorial Guinea
1402:978-0-8330-7825-4
1188:Strategic Studies
1092:Financial Tribune
758:Financial Tribune
432:According to the
412:National Internet
330:until the latter
280:Republic of China
245:Iran's parliament
238:Iranian president
115:
114:
3639:
3627:Treaties of Iran
3576:Iranian diaspora
3011:
2928:
2927:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2893:
2892:
2837:String of Pearls
2749:Foreign Minister
2746:
2734:
2718:
2717:
2625:
2624:
2566:Papua New Guinea
1654:
1653:
1643:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1589:
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1587:
1577:
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1553:
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1544:
1535:
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1510:
1508:
1506:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1337:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1203:
1179:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1154:. 17 July 2020.
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1083:
1077:
1076:
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1023:
1017:
1016:
1005:
999:
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975:
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968:
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931:
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900:
894:
893:
891:
889:
870:
864:
863:
861:
859:
840:
834:
833:
831:
829:
820:. 17 July 2020.
810:
804:
803:
801:
799:
780:
774:
773:
771:
769:
749:
743:
742:
740:
738:
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693:
687:
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684:
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659:
644:
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639:
625:
614:
609:
603:
602:
600:
598:
589:. 23 June 2020.
579:
573:
572:
570:
568:
559:. 24 June 2020.
549:
543:
542:
540:
538:
527:www.president.ir
519:
513:
512:
510:
502:
481:Economy of China
186:
170:
157:
99:
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86:
82:
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80:
33:
21:
20:
3647:
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3482:
3456:
3430:
3414:
3278:
3080:
3012:
3003:
2932:
2922:
2920:
2890:
2881:
2810:Panda diplomacy
2775:Chinese Century
2723:
2708:
2630:
2611:
2590:
2576:Solomon Islands
2519:
2328:
2074:
1928:
1648:
1637:
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1595:
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1583:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1549:
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1527:
1504:
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1489:
1481:
1479:Further reading
1476:
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1244:www.entekhab.ir
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867:
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850:. 8 July 2020.
848:Iran Front Page
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486:Economy of Iran
467:
458:
449:
430:
414:
402:
382:
253:
184:
168:
152:
91:
89:
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78:
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48:
17:
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5:
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3549:
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3526:
3524:U.S. sanctions
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3473:European Union
3470:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3442:Czechoslovakia
3438:
3436:
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3410:United Kingdom
3407:
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3310:Czech Republic
3307:
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3297:
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2807:
2805:Nine-dash line
2802:
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2787:
2782:
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2772:
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2762:
2753:
2741:
2728:
2725:
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2714:
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2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
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2696:
2694:United Nations
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2674:European Union
2671:
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2641:
2635:
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2617:
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2543:
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2527:
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2521:
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2518:
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2512:
2510:United Kingdom
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
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2462:
2457:
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2417:
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2375:Czech Republic
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2017:
2012:
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2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
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1911:
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1594:
1593:
1591:Modern history
1581:
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1557:
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1511:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1448:
1422:
1401:
1393:China and Iran
1379:
1352:(2): 189–224.
1329:
1327:, Article 146.
1317:
1302:(in Persian).
1300:BBC News فارسی
1287:
1272:(in Persian).
1256:
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1169:
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645:
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457:
456:U.S. relations
454:
448:
445:
429:
426:
413:
410:
401:
398:
381:
378:
347:bilateral ties
337:Following the
286:(ruled by the
268:Beit-e Rahbari
252:
249:
241:Hassan Rouhani
231:Chinese leader
202:The report by
189:transportation
160:Iran's economy
113:
112:
105:
101:
100:
73:
69:
68:
62:
58:
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49:
34:
26:
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15:
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2:
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3128:
3125:
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3089:
3087:
3083:
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3069:
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3061:
3060:
3059:United States
3057:
3055:
3052:
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3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
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2997:
2995:
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2715:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2679:Latin America
2677:
2675:
2672:
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2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
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2640:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2626:
2622:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:Former states
2593:
2587:
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2579:
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2238:
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2226:
2223:
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2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
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2189:
2186:
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2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2060:United States
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
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1900:
1897:
1895:
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1877:
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1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1774:Guinea-Bissau
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
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1720:
1717:
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1707:
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3602:2021 in Iran
3254:Turkmenistan
3219:Saudi Arabia
2989:South Africa
2949:Burkina Faso
2602:Soviet Union
2515:Vatican City
2297:Turkmenistan
2245:Saudi Arabia
1884:South Africa
1874:Sierra Leone
1684:Burkina Faso
1530:17 September
1528:. Retrieved
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1259:
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826:. Retrieved
818:Tehran Times
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587:Tehran Times
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316:Western Bloc
308:Iron Curtain
277:
260:Ali Khamenei
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3468:Arab League
3400:Switzerland
3360:Netherlands
3224:South Korea
3209:Philippines
3189:North Korea
3092:Afghanistan
2689:Third World
2654:Arab League
2556:New Zealand
2500:Switzerland
2450:Netherlands
2255:South Korea
2235:Philippines
2213:North Korea
2086:Afghanistan
2005:El Salvador
1889:South Sudan
1779:Ivory Coast
1505:3 September
1466:12 November
1441:12 November
1416:12 November
798:3 September
711:3 September
681:12 November
638:12 November
361:during the
357:, although
349:during the
156:400 billion
72:Signatories
3596:Categories
3452:Yugoslavia
3264:Uzbekistan
3239:Tajikistan
3174:Kyrgyzstan
3164:Kazakhstan
3112:Bangladesh
3102:Azerbaijan
3064:after 1979
2607:Yugoslavia
2546:Micronesia
2480:San Marino
2445:Montenegro
2435:Luxembourg
2307:Uzbekistan
2282:Tajikistan
2173:Kyrgyzstan
2168:Kazakhstan
2121:East Timor
2101:Bangladesh
2096:Azerbaijan
1985:Costa Rica
1869:Seychelles
1834:Mozambique
1819:Mauritania
1804:Madagascar
1699:Cape Verde
1270:رادیو فردا
1061:Iran Press
537:11 October
492:References
332:broke away
296:Kuomintang
294:(with its
264:Xi Jinping
251:Background
234:Xi Jinping
129:signed in
3519:Sanctions
3426:Australia
3229:Sri Lanka
3204:Palestine
3139:Indonesia
3076:Venezuela
3024:Argentina
2722:Diplomacy
2664:Caribbean
2531:Australia
2430:Lithuania
2267:Sri Lanka
2250:Singapore
2230:Palestine
2136:Indonesia
2070:Venezuela
2035:Nicaragua
1945:Argentina
1824:Mauritius
1366:1568-0584
1226:248703598
1210:1029-0990
676:0362-4331
320:1953 coup
318:from the
262:receives
47:in Tehran
3487:Disputes
3370:Portugal
3340:Holy See
3244:Thailand
3199:Pakistan
3184:Malaysia
3017:Americas
2862:Treaties
2760:in China
2541:Kiribati
2465:Portugal
2360:Bulgaria
2287:Thailand
2225:Pakistan
2198:Mongolia
2193:Maldives
2188:Malaysia
2116:Cambodia
2050:Suriname
2020:Honduras
1980:Colombia
1955:Barbados
1933:Americas
1924:Zimbabwe
1899:Tanzania
1749:Ethiopia
1729:Djibouti
1694:Cameroon
1679:Botswana
1524:Archived
1499:Archived
1436:Newsweek
1374:44162361
1304:Archived
1274:Archived
1218:48544309
1156:Archived
1126:Archived
1096:Archived
1065:Archived
1035:Archived
987:Archived
943:Archived
913:Archived
882:Archived
852:Archived
822:Archived
792:Archived
762:Archived
731:Archived
705:Archived
591:Archived
561:Archived
531:Archived
465:See also
312:American
304:Cold War
61:Location
3556:in Iran
3535:Related
3419:Oceania
3405:Ukraine
3375:Romania
3345:Hungary
3330:Germany
3320:Finland
3315:Denmark
3305:Croatia
3295:Belarus
3290:Albania
3269:Vietnam
3179:Lebanon
3127:History
3122:Georgia
3107:Bahrain
3097:Armenia
3071:Uruguay
3049:Ecuador
3029:Bolivia
2999:Tunisia
2984:Senegal
2979:Morocco
2944:Algeria
2850:Albania
2684:Oceania
2644:BIMSTEC
2586:Vanuatu
2524:Oceania
2505:Ukraine
2470:Romania
2440:Moldova
2415:Ireland
2410:Iceland
2405:Hungary
2395:Germany
2385:Finland
2380:Denmark
2365:Croatia
2355:Belgium
2350:Belarus
2345:Austria
2340:Albania
2312:Vietnam
2260:History
2218:History
2203:Myanmar
2183:Lebanon
2161:history
2126:Georgia
2091:Armenia
2065:Uruguay
2025:Jamaica
2010:Grenada
2000:Ecuador
1960:Bolivia
1950:Bahamas
1909:Tunisia
1879:Somalia
1864:Senegal
1849:Nigeria
1839:Namibia
1829:Morocco
1794:Liberia
1789:Lesotho
1744:Eritrea
1714:Comoros
1689:Burundi
1664:Algeria
1541:Portals
1132:29 June
1102:29 June
1071:29 June
1041:29 June
949:29 June
919:4 April
597:29 June
567:29 June
143:Beijing
139:Iranian
135:Chinese
133:by the
104:Purpose
53:Created
37:Wang Yi
3435:Former
3395:Sweden
3385:Serbia
3380:Russia
3365:Poland
3355:Kosovo
3335:Greece
3325:France
3283:Europe
3249:Turkey
3169:Kuwait
3159:Jordan
3149:Israel
3054:Mexico
3039:Canada
3034:Brazil
2959:Gambia
2937:Africa
2845:Soviet
2649:Africa
2495:Sweden
2485:Serbia
2475:Russia
2460:Poland
2455:Norway
2425:Kosovo
2400:Greece
2390:France
2370:Cyprus
2333:Europe
2292:Turkey
2277:Taiwan
2151:Israel
2111:Brunei
2106:Bhutan
2040:Panama
2030:Mexico
1970:Canada
1965:Brazil
1919:Zambia
1914:Uganda
1854:Rwanda
1809:Malawi
1769:Guinea
1759:Gambia
1669:Angola
1657:Africa
1409:
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1364:
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1216:
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324:Soviet
300:Taiwan
274:(2016)
272:Tehran
131:Tehran
67:, Iran
65:Tehran
3390:Spain
3350:Italy
3274:Yemen
3234:Syria
3214:Qatar
3154:Japan
3134:India
3117:China
2994:Sudan
2974:Libya
2969:Kenya
2964:Ghana
2954:Egypt
2659:BRICS
2581:Tonga
2571:Samoa
2551:Nauru
2490:Spain
2420:Italy
2324:Yemen
2272:Syria
2240:Qatar
2208:Nepal
2156:Japan
2131:India
2015:Haiti
1975:Chile
1894:Sudan
1844:Niger
1799:Libya
1784:Kenya
1764:Ghana
1754:Gabon
1734:Egypt
1674:Benin
1567:China
1407:JSTOR
1370:JSTOR
1222:S2CID
1214:JSTOR
1031:ایمنا
983:ایرنا
557:Shana
509:(PDF)
380:Draft
326:-led
314:-led
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3194:Oman
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3085:Asia
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2561:Niue
2536:Fiji
2178:Laos
2146:Iraq
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1990:Cuba
1904:Togo
1814:Mali
1709:Chad
1579:Asia
1555:Iran
1532:2020
1507:2019
1468:2020
1443:2020
1418:2020
1397:ISBN
1362:ISSN
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951:2020
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830:2020
800:2019
770:2020
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713:2019
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640:2020
633:Time
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