1645:. IL-6 was the first myokine that was found to be secreted into the blood stream in response to muscle contractions. Aerobic exercise provokes a systemic cytokine response, including, for example, IL-6, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), and IL-10. IL-6 was serendipitously discovered as a myokine because of the observation that it increased in an exponential fashion proportional to the length of exercise and the amount of muscle mass engaged in the exercise. It has been consistently demonstrated that the plasma concentration of IL-6 increases during muscular exercise. This increase is followed by the appearance of IL-1ra and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In general, the cytokine response to exercise and sepsis differs with regard to TNF-α. Thus, the cytokine response to exercise is not preceded by an increase in plasma-TNF-α. Following exercise, the basal plasma IL-6 concentration may increase up to 100-fold, but less dramatic increases are more frequent. The exercise-induced increase of plasma IL-6 occurs in an exponential manner and the peak IL-6 level is reached at the end of the exercise or shortly thereafter. It is the combination of mode, intensity, and duration of the exercise that determines the magnitude of the exercise-induced increase of plasma IL-6.
2152:
regions associated with negative affect and memory. SP and IL6 both relax tight junctions of the blood brain barrier, such that effects seen in fMRI experiments with these molecules may be a bidirectional mix of neuronal, glial, capillary, synaptic, paracrine, or endocrine-like effects. At the cellular level, SP is noted to increase expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) through PI-3K, p42/44 and p38 MAP kinase pathways. Data suggest that nuclear translocation of NF-κB regulates IL-6 overexpression in SP-stimulated cells. This is of key interest as: 1) a meta-analysis indicates an association of major depressive disorder, C-reactive protein and IL6 plasma concentrations, 2) NK1R antagonists studied by 3 independent groups in over 2000 patients from 1998 to 2013 validate the mechanism as dose-related, fully effective antidepressant, with a unique safety profile.
2156:, 3) the preliminary observation that plasma concentrations of IL6 are elevated in depressed patients with cancer, and 4) selective NK1RAs may eliminate endogenous SP stress-induced augmentation of IL-6 secretion pre-clinically. These and many other reports suggest that a clinical study of a neutralizing IL-6 biological or drug based antagonist is likely warranted in patients with major depressive disorder, with or without co-morbid chronic inflammatory based illnesses; that the combination of NK1RAs and IL6 blockers may represent a new, potentially biomarkable approach to major depression, and possibly
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31:
2136:(BDNF) expression in the brain; DNMT1 hypermethylates the BDNF promoter and reduces BDNF levels. Altered BDNF function has been implicated in depression, which is likely due to epigenetic modification following IL-6 upregulation. BDNF is a neurotrophic factor implicated in spine formation, density, and morphology on neurons. Downregulation of BDNF, therefore, may cause decreased connectivity in the brain. Depression is marked by altered connectivity, in particular between the
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346:
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2144:. The anterior cingulate cortex is responsible for detecting incongruences between expectation and perceived experience. Altered connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex in depression, therefore, may cause altered emotions following certain experiences, leading to depressive reactions. This altered connectivity is mediated by IL-6 and its effect on epigenetic regulation of BDNF.
2069:. Neural oscillations occur when inhibitory GABAergic neurons fire synchronously and cause inhibition of a multitude of target excitatory neurons at the same time, leading to a cycle of inhibition and disinhibition. These neural oscillations are impaired in schizophrenia, and these alterations may be responsible for both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
1618:, a cytokine produced from muscle, which is elevated in response to muscle contraction. It is significantly elevated with exercise, and precedes the appearance of other cytokines in the circulation. During exercise, it is thought to act in a hormone-like manner to mobilize extracellular substrates and/or augment substrate delivery.
1916:. Others are in clinical trials. It has been observed that genetic inactivation of ZCCHC 6 suppresses IL‐6 expression and reduces the severity of experimental osteoarthritis in Mice. Some plant derived small molecule such as Butein have been reported to inhibit IL-6 expression in IL-1β stimulated human chondrocytes.
591:
1680:
IL-6, among an increasing number of other recently identified myokines, thus remains an important topic in myokine research. It appears in muscle tissue and in the circulation during exercise at levels up to one hundred times basal rates, as noted, and is seen as having a beneficial impact on health
1653:
is not associated with a larger increase in plasma IL-6 than exercise involving concentric "nondamaging" muscle contractions. This finding clearly demonstrates that muscle damage is not required to provoke an increase in plasma IL-6 during exercise. As a matter of fact, eccentric exercise may result
1545:
in obesity Trans-signaling implicates that a soluble form of IL-6R (sIL-6R) comprising the extracellular portion of the receptor can bind IL-6 with a similar affinity as the membrane bound IL-6R. The complex of IL-6 and sIL-6R can bind to gp130 on cells, which do not express the IL-6R, and which are
2151:
and IL-6 may act in concert to promote major depression. SP, a hybrid neurotransmitter-cytokine, is co-transmitted with BDNF through paleo-spinothalamic circuitry from the periphery with collaterals into key areas of the limbic system. However, both IL6 and SP mitigate expression of BDNF in brain
2047:
on gene promoters, repressing the chromatin structure surrounding the DNA sequence and inhibiting transcriptional machinery from accessing the gene to induce transcription. Increased IL-6, therefore, can hypermethylate DNA sequences and subsequently decrease gene expression through its effects on
3207:
Anesten F, Mishra D, Dalmau Gasull A, Engström-Ruud L, Bellman J, Palsdottir V, et al. (2019). "Glucagon-Like
Peptide-1-, but not Growth and Differentiation Factor 15-, Receptor Activation Increases the Number of Interleukin-6-Expressing Cells in the External Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus".
1637:
during exercise, the tocilizumab finding indicates that IL-6 is required for exercise to reduce visceral adipose tissue mass. Bone may be another organ affected by exercise induced IL-6, given that muscle-derived interleukin 6 has been reported to increase exercise capacity by signaling in
1801:
In addition to the membrane-bound receptor, a soluble form of IL-6R (sIL-6R) has been purified from human serum and urine. Many neuronal cells are unresponsive to stimulation by IL-6 alone, but differentiation and survival of neuronal cells can be mediated through the action of sIL-6R. The
1731:, and is almost ubiquitously expressed in most tissues. In contrast, the expression of CD126 is restricted to certain tissues. As IL-6 interacts with its receptor, it triggers the gp130 and IL-6R proteins to form a complex, thus activating the receptor. These complexes bring together the
57:
2179:
Obesity is a known risk factor in the development of severe asthma. Recent data suggests that the inflammation associated with obesity, potentially mediated by IL-6, plays a role in causing poor lung function and increased risk for developing asthma exacerbations.
4843:
Yokota S, Imagawa T, Mori M, Miyamae T, Aihara Y, Takei S, et al. (March 2008). "Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, withdrawal phase III trial".
1676:
pathways. Thus, when IL-6 is signalling in monocytes or macrophages, it creates a pro-inflammatory response, whereas IL-6 activation and signalling in muscle is totally independent of a preceding TNF-response or NFκB activation, and is anti-inflammatory.
2113:
IL-6 receptor was found upregulated in high-risk MDS patients. The inhibition of IL-6 signaling pathway can significantly ameliorate the clonogenicity of MDS hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), but have undetectable effect on normal HSPCs.
5809:
Hodge DR, Cho E, Copeland TD, Guszczynski T, Yang E, Seth AK, et al. (2007). "IL-6 enhances the nuclear translocation of DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) via phosphorylation of the nuclear localization sequence by the AKT kinase".
5878:
Guidotti A, Auta J, Davis JM, Di-Giorgi-Gerevini V, Dwivedi Y, Grayson DR, et al. (November 2000). "Decrease in reelin and glutamic acid decarboxylase67 (GAD67) expression in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a postmortem brain study".
1621:
Like in humans, there seems to be an increase in IL-6 expression in working muscle and plasma IL-6 concentration during exercise in rodents. Studies in mice with IL-6 gene knockout indicate that lack of IL-6 in mice affect exercise function.
4755:"IL-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab improves treatment outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumour necrosis factor biologicals: results from a 24-week multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial"
1661:
and macrophages. It appears that unlike IL-6 signalling in macrophages, which is dependent upon activation of the NFκB signalling pathway, intramuscular IL-6 expression is regulated by a network of signalling cascades, including the
5062:
Remmler J, Schneider C, Treuner-Kaueroff T, Bartels M, Seehofer D, Scholz M, et al. (May 2018). "Increased Level of
Interleukin 6 Associates With Increased 90-Day and 1-Year Mortality in Patients With End-Stage Liver Disease".
1536:
causes mature onset obesity. Moreover, IL-6 can suppress body fat mass via effects at the level of the CNS. The antiobesity effect of IL-6 in rodents is exerted at the level of the brain, presumably the hypothalamus and the
2319:
Ferguson-Smith AC, Chen YF, Newman MS, May LT, Sehgal PB, Ruddle FH (April 1988). "Regional localization of the interferon-beta 2/B-cell stimulatory factor 2/hepatocyte stimulating factor gene to human chromosome 7p15-p21".
1940:, IL-6 showed the most robust elevation among inflammatory cytokines compared to healthy controls with a further increase in non-survivors. In these patients, IL-6 was a predictor of short-term (28- and 90-day) mortality.
6523:
Ratti E, Bettica P, Alexander R, Archer G, Carpenter D, Evoniuk G, et al. (May 2013). "Full central neurokinin-1 receptor blockade is required for efficacy in depression: evidence from orvepitant clinical studies".
5198:
Arroyo V, Angeli P, Moreau R, Jalan R, Clària J, Trebicka J, et al. (March 2021). "The systemic inflammation hypothesis: Towards a new paradigm of acute decompensation and multiorgan failure in cirrhosis".
2060:
promoter. This hypermethylation may potentially lead to the decreased GAD67 levels seen in the brains of people with schizophrenia. GAD67 may be involved in the pathology of schizophrenia through its effect on
353:
252:
6610:
Musselman DL, Miller AH, Porter MR, Manatunga A, Gao F, Penna S, et al. (August 2001). "Higher than normal plasma interleukin-6 concentrations in cancer patients with depression: preliminary findings".
5438:"Tumor microenvironment macrophage inhibitory factor directs the accumulation of interleukin-17-producing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and predicts favorable survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients"
1648:
IL-6 had previously been classified as a proinflammatory cytokine. Therefore, it was first thought that the exercise-induced IL-6 response was related to muscle damage. However, it has become evident that
2619:
Di
Gregorio GB, Hensley L, Lu T, Ranganathan G, Kern PA (July 2004). "Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in mice with a targeted mutation in the IL-6 gene: absence of development of age-related obesity".
2416:
Wernstedt I, Edgley A, Berndtsson A, Fäldt J, Bergström G, Wallenius V, et al. (September 2006). "Reduced stress- and cold-induced increase in energy expenditure in interleukin-6-deficient mice".
6567:
Kramer MS, Cutler N, Feighner J, Shrivastava R, Carman J, Sramek JJ, et al. (September 1998). "Distinct mechanism for antidepressant activity by blockade of central substance P receptors".
1967:, but due to the role of IL-6 in chronic inflammation, IL-6 blockade was also evaluated for cancer treatment. IL-6 was seen to have roles in tumor microenvironment regulation, production of
2576:
Matthews VB, Allen TL, Risis S, Chan MH, Henstridge DC, Watson N, et al. (November 2010). "Interleukin-6-deficient mice develop hepatic inflammation and systemic insulin resistance".
6254:
Hwang JP, Tsai SJ, Hong CJ, Yang CH, Lirng JF, Yang YM (December 2006). "The Val66Met polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic-factor gene is associated with geriatric depression".
4019:
Taga T, Hibi M, Hirata Y, Yamasaki K, Yasukawa K, Matsuda T, et al. (August 1989). "Interleukin-6 triggers the association of its receptor with a possible signal transducer, gp130".
2039:(DNMT1). This phosphorylation causes movement of DNMT1 to the nucleus, where it can be transcribed. DNMT1 recruits other DNMTs, including DNMT3A and DNMT3B, which, as a complex, recruit
2123:
3392:
Colbert LH, Davis JM, Essig DA, Ghaffar A, Mayer EP (May 2001). "Tissue expression and plasma concentrations of TNFalpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 following treadmill exercise in mice".
9931:
5296:
Korneev KV, Atretkhany KN, Drutskaya MS, Grivennikov SI, Kuprash DV, Nedospasov SA (January 2017). "TLR-signaling and proinflammatory cytokines as drivers of tumorigenesis".
9951:
9956:
10018:
9993:
2056:
The induction of epigenetic modification by IL-6 has been proposed as a mechanism in the pathology of schizophrenia through the hypermethylation and repression of the
8373:
4616:
Zhu H, Wang Z, Yu J, Yang X, He F, Liu Z, et al. (July 2019). "Role and mechanisms of cytokines in the secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage".
1521:°C, both the oxygen consumption and core temperature were lower in IL-6 compared with wild-type mice, suggesting a lower cold-induced thermogenesis in IL-6 mice.
8989:
10058:
2533:
Wallenius V, Wallenius K, Ahrén B, Rudling M, Carlsten H, Dickson SL, et al. (January 2002). "Interleukin-6-deficient mice develop mature-onset obesity".
1802:
sIL-6R/IL-6 complex can stimulate neurites outgrowth and promote survival of neurons and, hence, may be important in nerve regeneration through remyelination.
10023:
6951:
9883:
2355:
10063:
9893:
9888:
8499:
6396:
Somerville LH, Heatherton TF, Kelley WM (August 2006). "Anterior cingulate cortex responds differentially to expectancy violation and social rejection".
6439:
Azzolina A, Bongiovanni A, Lampiasi N (December 2003). "Substance P induces TNF-alpha and IL-6 production through NF kappa B in peritoneal mast cells".
1059:
10068:
10028:
9611:
2655:
Wallenius K, Wallenius V, Sunter D, Dickson SL, Jansson JO (April 2002). "Intracerebroventricular interleukin-6 treatment decreases body fat in rats".
1040:
9385:
175:
10111:
10101:
9988:
9394:
2454:
Fäldt J, Wernstedt I, Fitzgerald SM, Wallenius K, Bergström G, Jansson JO (June 2004). "Reduced exercise endurance in interleukin-6-deficient mice".
3160:"GLP-1 receptor stimulation of the lateral parabrachial nucleus reduces food intake: neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, and behavioral evidence"
10008:
8524:
7511:
5919:"GABAB-mediated rescue of altered excitatory-inhibitory balance, gamma synchrony and behavioral deficits following constitutive NMDAR-hypofunction"
5839:"Upregulation of DNA methyltransferase-mediated gene silencing, anchorage-independent growth, and migration of colon cancer cells by interleukin-6"
4659:
Barton BE (August 2005). "Interleukin-6 and new strategies for the treatment of cancer, hyperproliferative diseases and paraneoplastic syndromes".
1754:, also known as IL-6 signal transducer (IL6ST), in their signalling complexes. Other cytokines that signal through receptors containing gp130 are
10003:
9844:
8943:
8738:
1924:
Since IL-6 is a well-known pleiotropic molecule, it plays a dual role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. While it is necessary for promoting
5538:"Interleukin-6-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in human cervical carcinoma"
10043:
9255:
9250:
8335:
8122:
6476:"Cumulative meta-analysis of interleukins 6 and 1β, tumour necrosis factor α and C-reactive protein in patients with major depressive disorder"
9968:
9910:
9905:
9235:
9147:
9126:
8575:
8509:
8468:
8366:
7583:
4362:
Swardfager W, Lanctôt K, Rothenburg L, Wong A, Cappell J, Herrmann N (November 2010). "A meta-analysis of cytokines in
Alzheimer's disease".
4270:"IL-6 facilitates cross-talk between epithelial cells and tumor- associated macrophages in Helicobacter pylori-linked gastric carcinogenesis"
2301:
1625:
It has been shown that the reduction of abdominal obesity by exercise in human adults can be reversed by the IL-6 receptor blocking antibody
1513:, thereby changing the body's temperature setpoint. In muscle and fatty tissue, IL-6 stimulates energy mobilization that leads to increased
6346:"Resting-state functional connectivity in major depression: abnormally increased contributions from subgenual cingulate cortex and thalamus"
2283:
10048:
10033:
9998:
9941:
9936:
9878:
9116:
8984:
8891:
8870:
8621:
8590:
8585:
8529:
8448:
5489:"IL-6-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition promotes the generation of breast cancer stem-like cells analogous to mammosphere cultures"
4319:
Dowlati Y, Herrmann N, Swardfager W, Liu H, Sham L, Reim EK, et al. (March 2010). "A meta-analysis of cytokines in major depression".
5249:"A novel score of IL-13 and age predicts 90-day mortality in severe alcohol-associated hepatitis: A multicenter plasma biomarker analysis"
10106:
10096:
10038:
9946:
9162:
8595:
8423:
8418:
8188:
54:
1549:
Studies in experimental animals indicate that IL-6 in the CNS partly mediates the suppression of food intake and body weight exerted by
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10053:
9973:
9961:
9900:
8768:
8753:
8717:
8687:
8433:
2208:
1787:
1783:
4062:
Kallen KJ, zum Büschenfelde KH, Rose-John S (March 1997). "The therapeutic potential of interleukin-6 hyperagonists and antagonists".
10013:
9779:
3980:"Signaling of human ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) revisited. The interleukin-6 receptor can serve as an alpha-receptor for CTNF"
2078:
1283:
4901:"Genetic Inactivation of ZCCHC6 Suppresses Interleukin-6 Expression and Reduces the Severity of Experimental Osteoarthritis in Mice"
1290:
10091:
9983:
9978:
9915:
8359:
6936:
4958:"Butein Activates Autophagy Through AMPK/TSC2/ULK1/mTOR Pathway to Inhibit IL-6 Expression in IL-1β Stimulated Human Chondrocytes"
9082:
9078:
9074:
7587:
2491:"Evidence for a link between adipose tissue interleukin-6 content and serum C-reactive protein concentrations in obese subjects"
9571:
8838:
7982:
4962:
Cellular
Physiology and Biochemistry: International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology
1913:
1850:
6014:"Senescence-associated secretory phenotypes reveal cell-nonautonomous functions of oncogenic RAS and the p53 tumor suppressor"
5759:"The reelin and GAD67 promoters are activated by epigenetic drugs that facilitate the disruption of local repressor complexes"
9575:
9561:
9521:
6901:
2196:
1673:
1444:
6733:"Plasma interleukin-6 concentrations, metabolic dysfunction, and asthma severity: a cross-sectional analysis of two cohorts"
2266:
10301:
10146:
9873:
9590:
6648:"Endogenous substance P mediates cold water stress-induced increase in interleukin-6 secretion from peritoneal macrophages"
2842:"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor induced suppression of food intake, and body weight is mediated by central IL-1 and IL-6"
3253:"Parabrachial Interleukin-6 Reduces Body Weight and Food Intake and Increases Thermogenesis to Regulate Energy Metabolism"
2373:
Banks WA, Kastin AJ, Gutierrez EG (September 1994). "Penetration of interleukin-6 across the murine blood–brain barrier".
1971:
stem cell-like cells, metastasis through down-regulation of E-cadherin, and alteration of DNA methylation in oral cancer.
1560:
is another substance that can reduce body weight, and that may interact with IL-6. Amylin-induced IL-6 production in the
9648:
7007:
3482:"Exercise-Induced Changes in Visceral Adipose Tissue Mass Are Regulated by IL-6 Signaling: A Randomized Controlled Trial"
2245:
2089:). Cancer (a disease that increases with age) invasiveness is promoted primarily though the actions of the SASP factors
10311:
10219:
10141:
9495:
8340:
8115:
2901:"Interleukin-6 enhances insulin secretion by increasing glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion from L cells and alpha cells"
5646:"Cytokine expression profile in human pancreatic carcinoma cells and in surgical specimens: implications for survival"
5108:"High levels of serum interleukin-6 increase mortality of hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure"
8443:
8160:
7873:
6966:
5389:"Bone marrow-confined IL-6 signaling mediates the progression of myelodysplastic syndromes to acute myeloid leukemia"
4534:"Changes in biomarkers focused on differences in disease course or treatment in patients with neuro-Behçet's disease"
3633:
2133:
1400:
6782:"HHV-8-encoded viral IL-6 collaborates with mouse IL-6 in the development of multicentric Castleman disease in mice"
2124:
Epigenetics of depression § Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Epigenetics of schizophrenia#Methylation of BDNF
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2270:
2249:
1460:
316:
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3480:
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4497:
Smith PC, Hobisch A, Lin DL, Culig Z, Keller ET (March 2001). "Interleukin-6 and prostate cancer progression".
1598:
There are indications of interactions between GLP-1 and IL-6 in several parts of the brain. One example is the
1104:
6297:
Ethell IM, Pasquale EB (February 2005). "Molecular mechanisms of dendritic spine development and remodeling".
4454:
Gadó K, Domján G, Hegyesi H, Falus A (2000). "Role of INTERLEUKIN-6 in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma".
1556:
Outside the CNS, it seems that IL-6 stimulates the production of GLP-1 in the endocrine pancreas and the gut.
10316:
10224:
9456:
9435:
8108:
7180:
3939:"Direct determination of the interleukin-6 binding epitope of the interleukin-6 receptor by NMR spectroscopy"
3111:"Enhancing influence of intranasal interleukin-6 on slow-wave activity and memory consolidation during sleep"
2997:
von
Loeffelholz C, Lieske S, Neuschäfer-Rube F, Willmes DM, Raschzok N, Sauer IM, et al. (August 2017).
2008:
1657:
Recent work has shown that both upstream and downstream signalling pathways for IL-6 differ markedly between
1575:
expression via binding to its IL-6-receptor, which is associated with activation of the transcription factor
2793:"IL-6 trans-signaling via the soluble IL-6 receptor: importance for the pro-inflammatory activities of IL-6"
1524:
In the absence of inflammation 10–35% of circulating IL-6 may come from adipose tissue. IL-6 is produced by
1085:
10151:
8303:
2102:
1874:
1452:
238:
213:
155:
8272:
8016:
7566:
7341:
4151:"Increased frequency of IL-6-producing non-classical monocytes in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder"
1811:
1763:
9732:
8277:
8100:
8049:
7851:
7561:
1775:
1716:
1712:
4753:
Emery P, Keystone E, Tony HP, Cantagrel A, van
Vollenhoven R, Sanchez A, et al. (November 2008).
3704:"The role of exercise-induced myokines in muscle homeostasis and the defense against chronic diseases"
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2028:
1866:
1561:
6780:
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3158:
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2899:
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2035:(PKB) (Hodge et al., 2007). IL-6 activated PKB can phosphorylate the nuclear localization signal on
345:
244:
142:
8005:
7432:
7408:
6700:
for "An
Efficacy and Safety Study of Sirukumab in Participants With Major Depressive Disorder." at
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163:
3657:
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2741:"Trans-signaling is a dominant mechanism for the pathogenic actions of interleukin-6 in the brain"
1571:
It is assumed that interleukin 6 in the liver activates the homologue of the human longevity gene
9641:
9414:
9374:
9353:
9297:
9265:
9224:
9182:
9136:
9055:
9029:
8973:
8932:
8906:
8880:
8534:
7000:
6921:
6646:
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2062:
2057:
1499:
3978:
Schuster B, Kovaleva M, Sun Y, Regenhard P, Matthews V, Grötzinger J, et al. (March 2003).
1474:
IL-6 is responsible for stimulating acute phase protein synthesis, as well as the production of
1266:
1233:
1203:
1174:
10275:
10193:
10176:
10171:
9715:
8849:
8829:
8808:
8727:
8666:
8610:
8564:
8488:
8393:
8298:
8180:
7333:
4802:
Nishimoto N, Kanakura Y, Aozasa K, Johkoh T, Nakamura M, Nakano S, et al. (October 2005).
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2999:"The human longevity gene homolog INDY and interleukin-6 interact in hepatic lipid metabolism"
1886:
10306:
10244:
9698:
1929:
1834:
1736:
1391:. IL-6's role as an anti-inflammatory myokine is mediated through its inhibitory effects on
4804:"Humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody treatment of multicentric Castleman disease"
3302:"Contraction-induced myokine production and release: is skeletal muscle an endocrine organ?"
2950:"Amylin-induced central IL-6 production enhances ventromedial hypothalamic leptin signaling"
9744:
9693:
8382:
8139:
7859:
6887:
6576:
5159:"Elevated plasma interleukin-6 and increased severity and mortality in alcoholic hepatitis"
3521:
Chowdhury S, Schulz L, Palmisano B, Singh P, Berger JM, Yadav VK, et al. (June 2020).
3251:
Mishra D, Richard JE, Maric I, Porteiro B, Häring M, Kooijman S, et al. (March 2019).
2853:
2356:"Raised troponin and interleukin-6 levels are associated with a poor prognosis in COVID-19"
1905:
1890:
1711:(also called CD130). CD130 is the common signal transducer for several cytokines including
1592:
1468:
1448:
1411:
227:
6731:
Peters MC, McGrath KW, Hawkins GA, Hastie AT, Levy BD, Israel E, et al. (July 2016).
3095:
3090:
8:
10265:
10183:
9809:
9786:
9756:
8514:
8408:
8155:
7701:
6267:
6012:
Coppé JP, Patil CK, Rodier F, Sun Y, Muñoz DP, Goldstein J, et al. (December 2008).
5644:
Bellone G, Smirne C, Mauri FA, Tonel E, Carbone A, Buffolino A, et al. (June 2006).
3435:
Jonsdottir IH, Schjerling P, Ostrowski K, Asp S, Richter EA, Pedersen BK (October 2000).
2739:
Campbell IL, Erta M, Lim SL, Frausto R, May U, Rose-John S, et al. (February 2014).
2082:
1982:, with noted elevation of IL-6 present in patients correlating with poor survival rates.
1964:
1937:
1599:
1542:
183:
6580:
6215:"Depolarization induces downregulation of DNMT1 and DNMT3a in primary cortical cultures"
5670:
5645:
5273:
5248:
4296:
4269:
3659:"Exercise-induced increase in serum interleukin-6 in humans is related to muscle damage"
3094: This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the
2857:
2153:
2011:
but can cause life-threatening encephalitis in some cases. EV71 patients with a certain
1606:, where GLP-1 increases IL-6 levels and where IL-6 exerts a marked anti-obesity effect.
9814:
9634:
8412:
8385:
7868:
7825:
7740:
7447:
6993:
6806:
6781:
6757:
6732:
6701:
6672:
6663:
6647:
6549:
6500:
6475:
6421:
6370:
6345:
6322:
6279:
6190:
6138:
6113:
6089:
6064:
6040:
6013:
5991:
5943:
5918:
5917:
Gandal MJ, Sisti J, Klook K, Ortinski PI, Leitman V, Liang Y, et al. (July 2012).
5783:
5758:
5727:
5702:
5683:
5603:
5579:"Interleukin-6 promotes tumorigenesis by altering DNA methylation in oral cancer cells"
5578:
5513:
5488:
5464:
5437:
5413:
5388:
5359:
5332:
5175:
5158:
5134:
5107:
5088:
5039:
5014:
4995:
4933:
4900:
4869:
4779:
4754:
4730:
4703:
4684:
4641:
4598:
4586:
4479:
4431:
4406:
4387:
4344:
4177:
4150:
4123:
4098:
4044:
3914:
3889:
3888:
Heinrich PC, Behrmann I, Haan S, Hermanns HM, Müller-Newen G, Schaper F (August 2003).
3824:
3803:
3779:
3754:
3730:
3703:
3679:
3658:
3595:
3547:
3522:
3457:
3436:
3417:
3374:
3331:
3277:
3252:
3233:
3184:
3159:
3140:
3074:
3047:
3023:
2998:
2974:
2949:
2925:
2900:
2876:
2841:
2817:
2792:
2765:
2740:
2716:
2691:
2601:
2558:
2398:
2066:
1925:
1846:
1663:
1650:
1529:
1456:
1380:
187:
6748:
4857:
4510:
3523:"Muscle-derived interleukin 6 increases exercise capacity by signaling in osteoblasts"
2668:
1463:
that give rise to inflammatory cytokine production. IL-6 is an important mediator of
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
678:
673:
668:
663:
647:
642:
637:
632:
9839:
9751:
7732:
7351:
7217:
6868:
6859:
6847:
6838:
6811:
6762:
6677:
6628:
6592:
6541:
6505:
6456:
6413:
6375:
6314:
6271:
6236:
6194:
6182:
6143:
6094:
6045:
5995:
5983:
5948:
5896:
5860:
5819:
5788:
5732:
5675:
5608:
5559:
5518:
5469:
5418:
5364:
5313:
5278:
5226:
5180:
5139:
5080:
5044:
4987:
4979:
4938:
4920:
4861:
4825:
4784:
4735:
4676:
4633:
4590:
4555:
4550:
4533:
4514:
4471:
4436:
4379:
4336:
4301:
4250:
4223:
4218:
4201:
4182:
4128:
4079:
4036:
4032:
4001:
3960:
3919:
3870:
3829:
3784:
3735:
3684:
3639:
3629:
3587:
3552:
3503:
3462:
3448:
3421:
3409:
3366:
3323:
3318:
3301:
3282:
3237:
3225:
3189:
3132:
3079:
3028:
2979:
2930:
2881:
2822:
2770:
2721:
2672:
2637:
2593:
2550:
2512:
2471:
2433:
2390:
2386:
2337:
2333:
2129:
2090:
2012:
1979:
1975:
1682:
1528:
and is thought to be a reason why obese individuals have higher endogenous levels of
1487:
1419:
135:
47:
6425:
6326:
6310:
6283:
5687:
4999:
4873:
4688:
4645:
4629:
4602:
4483:
4048:
3599:
3362:
3335:
3144:
2605:
2402:
2192:
1845:
IL-6 stimulates the inflammatory and auto-immune processes in many diseases such as
10234:
10214:
10131:
9727:
9606:
8044:
7965:
7833:
7522:
7356:
6801:
6793:
6752:
6744:
6667:
6659:
6620:
6584:
6553:
6533:
6495:
6487:
6448:
6405:
6365:
6361:
6357:
6306:
6263:
6226:
6174:
6133:
6125:
6084:
6076:
6035:
6025:
5975:
5938:
5930:
5888:
5850:
5778:
5770:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5665:
5657:
5598:
5590:
5549:
5508:
5500:
5459:
5449:
5408:
5400:
5354:
5344:
5305:
5268:
5260:
5216:
5208:
5170:
5129:
5119:
5092:
5072:
5034:
5026:
4969:
4928:
4912:
4853:
4815:
4774:
4766:
4725:
4715:
4668:
4625:
4582:
4545:
4506:
4463:
4426:
4418:
4391:
4375:
4371:
4332:
4328:
4291:
4281:
4213:
4172:
4162:
4118:
4110:
4071:
4028:
3991:
3950:
3909:
3901:
3860:
3819:
3811:
3774:
3766:
3725:
3715:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3621:
3579:
3542:
3534:
3493:
3452:
3444:
3401:
3378:
3358:
3349:
Petersen AM, Pedersen BK (April 2005). "The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise".
3313:
3272:
3264:
3217:
3179:
3171:
3122:
3069:
3059:
3018:
3010:
2969:
2961:
2920:
2912:
2871:
2861:
2812:
2804:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2711:
2703:
2664:
2629:
2585:
2562:
2542:
2502:
2463:
2425:
2382:
2329:
2157:
2023:
IL-6 has been shown to lead to several neurological diseases through its impact on
2000:
1878:
1819:
1514:
1503:
1459:). These are present on the cell surface and intracellular compartments and induce
432:
363:
307:
262:
8351:
6713:
6696:
6588:
6162:
5855:
5838:
5631:
American
Society of Clinical Oncology 2006 Annual Meeting, Abstracts 8632 and 8633
4348:
4268:
Yu B, de Vos D, Guo X, Peng S, Xie W, Peppelenbosch MP, et al. (April 2024).
3437:"Muscle contractions induce interleukin-6 mRNA production in rat skeletal muscles"
2418:
American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
1541:. On the other hand, enhanced central IL-6 trans-signaling may improve energy and
167:
9858:
9739:
9678:
9398:
7571:
7257:
6960:: Crystal structure of the hexameric human IL-6/IL-6 alpha receptor/gp130 complex
6797:
6452:
6129:
6030:
5703:"Maternal immune activation alters fetal brain development through interleukin-6"
5264:
4114:
3268:
2489:
Bastard JP, Jardel C, Delattre J, Hainque B, Bruckert E, Oberlin F (April 1999).
1882:
1858:
1767:
1728:
1634:
1532:. IL-6 may exert a tonic suppression of body fat in mature mice, given that IL-6
407:
191:
6624:
5892:
4149:
Kong BS, Kim Y, Kim GY, Hyun JW, Kim SH, Jeong A, et al. (September 2017).
2948:
Le Foll C, Johnson MD, Dunn-Meynell AA, Boyle CN, Lutz TA, Levin BE (May 2015).
2690:
Sadagurski M, Norquay L, Farhang J, D'Aquino K, Copps K, White MF (March 2010).
2507:
2490:
2306:
National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
2288:
National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1564:(VMH) is a possible mechanism by which amylin treatment could interact with VMH
10270:
9829:
9796:
9766:
9710:
9596:
9586:
9581:
9567:
9553:
9543:
9538:
9485:
9467:
9446:
9425:
9404:
9390:
9364:
9308:
9276:
9240:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9157:
9152:
9066:
9045:
8999:
8948:
8917:
8896:
8631:
8600:
8165:
8135:
8131:
8085:
8080:
7935:
7931:
7913:
7908:
7711:
7706:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7672:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7483:
7468:
7459:
7016:
6341:
5309:
5212:
5030:
4820:
4803:
4422:
3802:
Heinrich PC, Behrmann I, Müller-Newen G, Schaper F, Graeve L (September 1998).
3583:
3498:
3481:
3479:
2846:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2633:
2429:
2200:
2004:
1862:
1759:
1755:
1724:
1404:
508:
6491:
6178:
5661:
5076:
4286:
4167:
3890:"Principles of interleukin (IL)-6-type cytokine signalling and its regulation"
2707:
2589:
10295:
10188:
10136:
9338:
8994:
8860:
8819:
8677:
8626:
8580:
8519:
8404:
8147:
8070:
8065:
8011:
7960:
7626:
7506:
7501:
7478:
7473:
7464:
7455:
7237:
6832:
6537:
5626:
5124:
4983:
4924:
4672:
4099:"Extracellular galectins as controllers of cytokines in hematological cancer"
4075:
3937:
Schwantner A, Dingley AJ, Ozbek S, Rose-John S, Grötzinger J (January 2004).
3064:
2098:
1968:
1933:
1732:
1654:
in a delayed peak and a much slower decrease of plasma IL-6 during recovery.
1533:
619:
6985:
5454:
5106:
Zhou C, Zhang N, He TT, Wang Y, Wang LF, Sun YQ, et al. (August 2020).
4770:
2866:
1579:(which binds to the binding site in the mIndy promoter) and thereby rise of
568:
446:
30:
9834:
9824:
9819:
9512:
9333:
9019:
9014:
9009:
8758:
8697:
8656:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8313:
7556:
7388:
6815:
6766:
6632:
6545:
6509:
6474:
Haapakoski R, Mathieu J, Ebmeier KP, Alenius H, Kivimäki M (October 2015).
6460:
6417:
6379:
6318:
6275:
6240:
6186:
6147:
6098:
6049:
5987:
5952:
5900:
5864:
5823:
5792:
5774:
5736:
5679:
5612:
5563:
5522:
5473:
5436:
Li J, Mo HY, Xiong G, Zhang L, He J, Huang ZF, et al. (October 2012).
5422:
5368:
5317:
5282:
5230:
5143:
5084:
5048:
4991:
4942:
4865:
4829:
4788:
4739:
4680:
4637:
4594:
4559:
4518:
4475:
4467:
4440:
4383:
4340:
4305:
4254:
4227:
4186:
4132:
4083:
4005:
3996:
3979:
3964:
3955:
3938:
3923:
3804:"Interleukin-6-type cytokine signalling through the gp130/Jak/STAT pathway"
3788:
3755:"Interleukin-6 myokine signaling in skeletal muscle: a double-edged sword?"
3739:
3656:
3643:
3591:
3556:
3507:
3466:
3413:
3370:
3327:
3286:
3229:
3193:
3136:
3083:
3032:
2996:
2983:
2934:
2885:
2826:
2774:
2725:
2676:
2641:
2597:
2554:
2516:
2475:
2437:
2220:
2132:. The effects of IL-6 on depression are mediated through the repression of
1996:
1978:
patients have higher levels of IL-6 in their blood. One example of this is
1779:
1744:
1740:
1735:
regions of gp130 to initiate a signal transduction cascade through certain
1720:
1510:
1384:
425:
204:
6681:
6596:
5554:
5537:
5504:
5184:
4040:
3874:
3833:
3720:
3688:
2394:
2341:
2128:
The epigenetic effects IL-6 have also been implicated in the pathology of
1591:
Intranasally administered IL-6 has been shown to improve sleep-associated
1330:
1325:
10163:
9722:
9705:
9343:
9323:
9286:
9121:
9111:
8963:
8958:
8793:
8763:
8702:
8544:
8504:
8463:
8458:
7977:
7923:
7664:
7423:
7346:
6231:
6214:
6080:
5349:
3625:
3405:
3175:
3127:
3110:
2467:
2148:
2141:
2044:
2024:
1901:
1830:
1626:
1572:
1479:
1475:
1436:
1350:
1149:
1130:
8130:
3109:
Benedict C, Scheller J, Rose-John S, Born J, Marshall L (October 2009).
1447:). These PAMPs bind to an important group of detection molecules of the
9683:
9328:
9318:
9213:
9106:
9101:
8922:
8783:
8773:
8707:
8641:
8554:
8549:
8478:
8308:
8030:
7723:
7413:
7373:
5934:
5387:
Mei Y, Ren K, Liu Y, Ma A, Xia Z, Han X, et al. (September 2022).
5221:
5061:
3905:
3770:
3206:
2015:
in IL-6 also appear to be more susceptible to developing encephalitis.
2007:; this highly contagious virus normally causes a milder illness called
1823:
1525:
1376:
1372:
590:
324:
221:
171:
5594:
5404:
5382:
5380:
5378:
4974:
4957:
4916:
4899:
Ansari MY, Khan NM, Ahmad N, Green J, Novak K, Haqqi TM (April 2019).
4407:"Rationale for interleukin-6 blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus"
3815:
3753:
Muñoz-Cánoves P, Scheele C, Pedersen BK, Serrano AL (September 2013).
3538:
3221:
3014:
2965:
2808:
2546:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
10260:
10239:
9657:
8798:
8788:
8778:
8651:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8203:
8198:
7035:
6779:
5333:"Mechanisms and applications of interleukins in cancer immunotherapy"
5295:
2164:
2094:
1960:
1949:
1897:
1630:
1629:. Together with the findings that IL-6 prevents obesity, stimulates
1538:
1392:
1004:
391:
378:
290:
277:
179:
5979:
4202:"Interleukin-6 and diabetes: the good, the bad, or the indifferent?"
2916:
2689:
1900:
agents as therapy against many of these diseases. The first such is
146:, BSF2, HGF, HSF, IFNB2, IL-6, BSF-2, CDF, IFN-beta-2, interleukin 6
8438:
8025:
7020:
6409:
5877:
5701:
Smith SE, Li J, Garbett K, Mirnics K, Patterson PH (October 2007).
5487:
Xie G, Yao Q, Liu Y, Du S, Liu A, Guo Z, et al. (April 2012).
5375:
4720:
3801:
3752:
1854:
1440:
1415:
1388:
1354:
1314:
4096:
2898:
9673:
9557:
9040:
8193:
6873:
6863:
6852:
6842:
4573:
Nishimoto N (May 2006). "Interleukin-6 in rheumatoid arthritis".
2839:
2453:
1829:
There is considerable functional overlap and interaction between
1658:
1642:
1615:
1580:
1483:
1358:
1116:
1071:
989:
985:
6645:
3434:
1641:
IL-6 has extensive anti-inflammatory functions in its role as a
795:
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity
159:
9665:
9172:
8213:
7903:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7493:
7298:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7252:
7247:
6566:
6473:
5627:"Cancer Patients Typically Have Increased Interleukin-6 Levels"
5157:
Sheron N, Bird G, Goka J, Alexander G, Williams R (June 1991).
4887:
First IL-6–blocking drug nears approval for rare blood disorder
4361:
4061:
3936:
3048:"INDY-A New Link to Metabolic Regulation in Animals and Humans"
2947:
2654:
2618:
2086:
2031:(PI3K) pathway, and a downstream target of this pathway is the
1936:
has been reported by multiple studies. In patients with severe
1743:(JAKs) and Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (
1565:
1557:
1298:
1026:
955:
negative regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway
890:
positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
850:
positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process
599:
6879:
6609:
5757:
Kundakovic M, Chen Y, Guidotti A, Grayson DR (February 2009).
5246:
2532:
2415:
1387:
of many blood vessels also produce IL-6 as a pro-inflammatory
970:
positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT
810:
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
10209:
9479:
9475:
9471:
9090:
9086:
9070:
7939:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7815:
7805:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7398:
7393:
7383:
7368:
7363:
7242:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7212:
7207:
7201:
7185:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
6441:
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research
5836:
5756:
5330:
4801:
4097:
Gordon-Alonso M, Bruger AM, van der Bruggen P (August 2018).
3520:
3157:
3108:
2204:
2040:
2036:
1771:
1751:
1708:
1704:
1576:
1464:
9626:
6858:
Overview of all the structural information available in the
6837:
Overview of all the structural information available in the
6065:"Senescent cells: an emerging target for diseases of ageing"
4318:
3977:
3887:
2622:
American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism
2488:
1750:
IL-6 is probably the best-studied of the cytokines that use
1439:
in response to specific microbial molecules, referred to as
8170:
7863:
7810:
7378:
7319:
7314:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7073:
7067:
7061:
7055:
7050:
6522:
6438:
6062:
5808:
5577:
Gasche JA, Hoffmann J, Boland CR, Goel A (September 2011).
2318:
2189:
2117:
1669:
1603:
1418:
infection with poor prognosis, in the context of the wider
1396:
1365:
825:
regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
6730:
6395:
6160:
4752:
4199:
3846:
3250:
2223:, a fully human monoclonal antibody against interleukin 6.
1837:(NK1R, a mediator of immunomodulatory activity) and IL-6.
950:
positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production
9547:
6339:
2032:
1410:
There is some early evidence that IL-6 can be used as an
925:
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
5916:
5576:
4842:
3847:
Kishimoto T, Akira S, Narazaki M, Taga T (August 1995).
3616:
Pedersen BK (July 2013). "Muscle as a secretory organ".
3391:
2188:
Interleukin is the main member of the IL-6 superfamily (
1995:
High IL-6 levels are associated with the development of
760:
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
415:
6945:: HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-6, NMR, MINIMIZED AVERAGE STRUCTURE
5643:
5197:
5156:
5013:
Gao B, Ahmad MF, Nagy LE, Tsukamoto H (February 2019).
2171:
in 2015–2018, but this research has been discontinued.
2147:
Additional preclinical and clinical data, suggest that
1703:
complex consisting of the ligand-binding IL-6Rα chain (
845:
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
6344:, Solvason HB, Kenna H, et al. (September 2007).
5619:
5324:
4453:
4018:
2738:
2575:
2167:
underwent clinical trials for adjunctive treatment of
740:
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
6161:
Partridge L, Fuentealba M, Kennedy BK (August 2020).
5700:
5012:
580:
5015:"Inflammatory pathways in alcoholic steatohepatitis"
4898:
4496:
2372:
1681:
and bodily functioning when elevated in response to
900:
negative regulation of cell population proliferation
865:
positive regulation of cell population proliferation
775:
negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process
8381:
6011:
4200:Kristiansen OP, Mandrup-Poulsen T (December 2005).
2657:
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
1790:). These cytokines are commonly referred to as the
920:
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
5570:
4240:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2027:modification within the brain. IL-6 activates the
765:positive regulation of acute inflammatory response
6253:
6163:"The quest to slow ageing through drug discovery"
5637:
4836:
4746:
4404:
2528:
2526:
1963:therapy was initially developed for treatment of
1568:signaling to increase its effect on weight loss.
805:positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation
362:
261:
10293:
6212:
4955:
3569:
3348:
3299:
2612:
6391:
6389:
6208:
6206:
6204:
6007:
6005:
5912:
5910:
5804:
5802:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5105:
4531:
4267:
4144:
4142:
3611:
3609:
2786:
2784:
2482:
2255:
2234:
755:positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
735:negative regulation of fat cell differentiation
6296:
5435:
4148:
3701:
2523:
2449:
2447:
2267:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000025746
9642:
8367:
8116:
7015:
7001:
6895:
6603:
5965:
4795:
4615:
4355:
4312:
3849:"Interleukin-6 family of cytokines and gp130"
2569:
1928:, IL-6 is also a highly recognized marker of
6639:
6560:
6516:
6467:
6432:
6386:
6333:
6290:
6247:
6201:
6154:
6105:
6056:
6002:
5959:
5907:
5871:
5830:
5799:
5743:
5694:
5535:
4695:
4652:
4566:
4525:
4490:
4447:
4398:
4234:
4193:
4139:
4055:
3971:
3930:
3866:10.1182/blood.V86.4.1243.bloodjournal8641243
3746:
3606:
3563:
3514:
3473:
3428:
3385:
3342:
3244:
3200:
3151:
3102:
3039:
2990:
2941:
2892:
2833:
2797:International Journal of Biological Sciences
2781:
2732:
2683:
2648:
2140:and several other limbic areas, such as the
5529:
5486:
5386:
5337:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
4701:
4241:Dubiński A, Zdrojewicz Z (April 2007). "".
4012:
3650:
2444:
2409:
2246:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000136244
2154:(see Summary of NK1RAs in Major Depression)
2018:
860:defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
830:positive regulation of chemokine production
750:positive regulation of T cell proliferation
745:positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
730:defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
9649:
9635:
8374:
8360:
8123:
8109:
7008:
6994:
6902:
6888:
3708:Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology
2692:"Human IL6 enhances leptin action in mice"
2366:
2312:
1896:Hence, there is an interest in developing
6975:: HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-6, NMR, 32 STRUCTURES
6805:
6756:
6671:
6499:
6369:
6230:
6137:
6088:
6039:
6029:
5942:
5854:
5782:
5726:
5669:
5602:
5553:
5512:
5463:
5453:
5412:
5358:
5348:
5272:
5220:
5174:
5133:
5123:
5038:
4973:
4932:
4819:
4778:
4729:
4719:
4704:"Interleukin-6: a new therapeutic target"
4572:
4549:
4430:
4295:
4285:
4217:
4176:
4166:
4122:
3995:
3954:
3913:
3864:
3823:
3778:
3729:
3719:
3678:
3546:
3497:
3456:
3317:
3276:
3183:
3126:
3073:
3063:
3022:
2973:
2924:
2875:
2865:
2816:
2790:
2764:
2715:
2506:
2079:senescence-associated secretory phenotype
1586:
885:regulation of signaling receptor activity
9539:Interleukin 14 (taxilin alpha, HMW-BCGF)
5480:
5429:
5065:Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
3615:
3394:International Journal of Sports Medicine
2118:Depression and major depressive disorder
1952:treatment was for rheumatoid arthritis.
1707:), and the signal-transducing component
1551:glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor
965:interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway
875:positive regulation of B cell activation
870:positive regulation of apoptotic process
800:negative regulation of apoptotic process
6111:
4064:Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs
2209:Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
2085:(a toxic cell-type that increases with
1943:
1784:Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
1455:(PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (
940:cellular response to lipopolysaccharide
880:post-translational protein modification
10294:
8837:See CXCR1 (IL-8Rα) and CXCR2 (IL-8Rβ)
5536:Miao JW, Liu LJ, Huang J (July 2014).
4880:
4658:
4405:Tackey E, Lipsky PE, Illei GG (2004).
3300:Febbraio MA, Pedersen BK (July 2005).
3045:
2183:
1932:and its association with mortality in
1914:systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
1851:neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
935:cellular response to hydrogen peroxide
915:negative regulation of bone resorption
905:positive regulation of gene expression
9630:
8355:
8104:
6989:
6883:
6213:Sharma RP, Tun N, Grayson DR (2008).
5393:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
5242:
5240:
4956:Ansari MY, Ahmad N, Haqqi TM (2018).
4661:Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets
3527:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
2207:. A viral version of IL6 is found in
2043:. This complex adds methyl groups to
1353:that acts as both a pro-inflammatory
367:
328:
323:
266:
225:
220:
6268:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.10.013
5163:Clinical and Experimental Immunology
4499:Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews
1699:IL-6 signals through a cell-surface
835:negative regulation of lipid storage
531:endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel
5442:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
3984:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
3943:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
3306:Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
2101:(IL-8). IL-6 and IL-8 are the most
960:cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
945:T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment
780:positive regulation of MAPK cascade
13:
6833:IL-6 expression in various cancers
6664:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-11-03745.1996
6613:The American Journal of Psychiatry
5237:
4889:, Nature Medicine, October 7, 2013
4587:10.1097/01.bor.0000218949.19860.d1
4532:Hirohata S, Kikuchi H (Dec 2012).
1840:
1609:
1361:. In humans, it is encoded by the
700:positive regulation of translation
14:
10328:
6826:
6720:. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
6340:Greicius MD, Flores BH, Menon V,
5542:International Journal of Oncology
5493:International Journal of Oncology
5112:World Journal of Gastroenterology
3620:. Vol. 3. pp. 1337–62.
2134:brain-derived neurotrophic factor
1990:
1919:
1833:(SP), the natural ligand for the
9792:Biodemography of human longevity
6965:
6950:
6935:
6920:
6773:
6737:The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine
6724:
6706:
6688:
6112:Kim YH, Park TJ (January 2019).
5812:Cancer Genomics & Proteomics
5650:Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
4759:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
4708:Arthritis Research & Therapy
4551:10.2169/internalmedicine.51.8583
4219:10.2337/diabetes.54.suppl_2.S114
3449:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00157.x
3319:10.1097/00003677-200507000-00003
3089:
2051:
1999:in children and immunodeficient
1893:, and intracerebral hemorrhage.
1810:Interleukin-6 has been shown to
1583:uptake and hepatic lipogenesis.
1461:intracellular signaling cascades
1443:-associated molecular patterns (
1430:
589:
351:
344:
338:
315:
250:
243:
237:
212:
29:
9365:Interleukin 27 (interleukin 30)
6909:
6311:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.02.003
6114:"Cellular senescence in cancer"
5583:International Journal of Cancer
5289:
5191:
5150:
5099:
5055:
5006:
4949:
4892:
4630:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.03.003
4609:
4575:Current Opinion in Rheumatology
4261:
4090:
3881:
3840:
3795:
3695:
3363:10.1152/japplphysiol.00164.2004
3293:
1805:
6362:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.09.020
6167:Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery
6069:Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery
5881:Archives of General Psychiatry
5719:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2178-07.2007
4376:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.012
4333:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.033
3810:. 334 (Pt 2) (Pt 2): 297–314.
3702:Brandt C, Pedersen BK (2010).
3671:10.1113/jphysiol.1997.sp021972
2757:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2830-13.2014
2348:
2294:
2276:
2077:IL-6 is commonly found in the
1904:, which has been approved for
1498:It is capable of crossing the
910:endocrine pancreas development
669:interleukin-6 receptor complex
643:interleukin-6 receptor binding
600:More reference expression data
569:More reference expression data
1:
9656:
6872:(Mouse Interleukin-6) at the
6851:(Human Interleukin-6) at the
6749:10.1016/S2213-2600(16)30048-0
6714:"Sirukumab - Janssen Biotech"
6589:10.1126/science.281.5383.1640
6526:Journal of Psychopharmacology
6480:Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
5856:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-09-0496
4858:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60454-7
4511:10.1016/S1359-6101(00)00021-6
3351:Journal of Applied Physiology
2669:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00230-9
2227:
2105:and robust features of SASP.
2009:Hand, foot, and mouth disease
1453:pattern recognition receptors
725:neuron projection development
336:
235:
6798:10.1182/blood-2011-09-377705
6453:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2003.09.003
6130:10.5483/BMBRep.2019.52.1.295
6031:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060301
5968:Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
5265:10.1097/HC9.0000000000000296
4905:Arthritis & Rheumatology
4702:Smolen JS, Maini RN (2006).
4155:Journal of Neuroinflammation
4115:10.1182/blood-2018-04-846014
4033:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90438-8
3443:. 528 Pt 1 (Pt 1): 157–163.
3269:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.044
2387:10.1016/0304-3940(94)90933-4
2334:10.1016/0888-7543(88)90003-1
1938:alcohol-associated hepatitis
1875:systemic lupus erythematosus
1786:interleukin 6-like protein (
1502:and initiating synthesis of
1493:
1482:. It supports the growth of
895:neutrophil apoptotic process
840:neutrophil mediated immunity
7:
10302:Genes on human chromosome 7
8715:Antisense oligonucleotides:
6652:The Journal of Neuroscience
6625:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.8.1252
5893:10.1001/archpsyc.57.11.1061
5707:The Journal of Neuroscience
5633:. Medscape.com. 2006-06-26.
3665:. 499 (Pt 3) (3): 833–841.
2745:The Journal of Neuroscience
2214:
2081:(SASP) factors secreted by
1985:
1772:cardiotrophin-like cytokine
1764:ciliary neurotrophic factor
1688:
1425:
679:endoplasmic reticulum lumen
10:
10333:
9733:research into centenarians
5310:10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.021
5213:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.11.048
5031:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.023
4821:10.1182/blood-2004-12-4602
4456:Cell Biology International
4423:10.1191/0961203304lu1023oa
4243:Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski
3584:10.1152/physrev.90100.2007
3499:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.12.007
2634:10.1152/ajpendo.00189.2003
2430:10.1152/ajpregu.00514.2005
2121:
1835:neurokinin type 1 receptor
1776:leukemia inhibitory factor
1717:ciliary neurotropic factor
1713:leukemia inhibitory factor
1692:
1614:IL-6 is also considered a
1375:secrete IL-6 to stimulate
855:response to glucocorticoid
695:regulation of angiogenesis
10312:Osaka University research
10253:
10202:
10162:
10124:
10079:
9924:
9866:
9855:
9802:Longevity escape velocity
9765:
9689:aging-associated diseases
9664:
9531:
9511:
9504:
9455:
9434:
9413:
9373:
9352:
9296:
9264:
9223:
9181:
9135:
9054:
9028:
8972:
8931:
8905:
8879:
8848:
8828:
8807:
8726:
8665:
8609:
8563:
8487:
8392:
8291:
8265:
8212:
8179:
8146:
7995:
7971:Colony-stimulating factor
7953:
7922:
7850:
7824:
7731:
7722:
7663:
7654:
7619:
7582:
7520:
7492:
7446:
7431:
7422:
7332:
7307:
7291:
7194:
7043:
7034:
7027:
6915:
6492:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.001
6179:10.1038/s41573-020-0067-7
5843:Molecular Cancer Research
5662:10.1007/s00262-005-0047-0
5253:Hepatology Communications
5077:10.1016/j.cgh.2017.09.017
4287:10.1016/j.neo.2024.100981
4168:10.1186/s12974-017-0961-z
3663:The Journal of Physiology
3441:The Journal of Physiology
2708:10.1007/s00125-009-1580-8
2590:10.1007/s00125-010-1865-y
2508:10.1161/circ.99.16.2219/c
2302:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
2284:"Human PubMed Reference:"
2174:
2169:major depressive disorder
2138:anterior cingulate cortex
2109:Myelodysplastic Syndromes
2029:Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
1955:
1562:ventromedial hypothalamus
1357:and an anti-inflammatory
1329:
1324:
1320:
1313:
1297:
1278:
1259:
1255:
1230:
1226:
1219:
1200:
1196:
1171:
1167:
1160:
1147:
1143:
1128:
1124:
1115:
1102:
1098:
1083:
1079:
1070:
1057:
1053:
1038:
1034:
1025:
1010:
1003:
999:
983:
720:response to peptidoglycan
715:defense response to virus
618:
614:
597:
588:
579:
566:
515:
506:
481:mucosa of urinary bladder
453:
444:
414:
406:
402:
385:
372:
335:
314:
305:
301:
284:
271:
234:
211:
202:
198:
153:
150:
140:
133:
128:
73:
68:
51:
46:
41:
37:
28:
23:
10281:Longest-living organisms
8006:proinflammatory cytokine
6538:10.1177/0269881113480990
6299:Progress in Neurobiology
5923:Translational Psychiatry
5125:10.3748/wjg.v26.i30.4479
4673:10.1517/14728222.9.4.737
4618:Progress in Neurobiology
4076:10.1517/13543784.6.3.237
3618:Comprehensive Physiology
3065:10.3389/fgene.2017.00066
2072:
2019:Epigenetic modifications
1701:type I cytokine receptor
9405:Interleukin-29 (IFN-λ1)
8550:Daclizumab (dacliximab)
8535:Tucotuzumab celmoleukin
5455:10.1074/jbc.M112.367532
4771:10.1136/ard.2008.092932
3894:The Biochemical Journal
3808:The Biochemical Journal
2867:10.1073/pnas.1306799110
2195:), which also includes
2037:DNA methyltransferase-1
1948:The first FDA approved
1595:of emotional memories.
1486:and is antagonistic to
1291:Chr 5: 30.22 – 30.22 Mb
1284:Chr 7: 22.73 – 22.73 Mb
785:hepatic immune response
710:humoral immune response
485:upper lobe of left lung
10276:Transhumanist politics
10194:Immortality in fiction
10172:Biological immortality
9716:cognitive epidemiology
9386:Interferon λ4 (IFN-λ4)
8479:Rilonacept (IL-1 Trap)
7137:/PARC/DCCK1/AMAC1/MIP4
6694:Clinical trial number
5775:10.1124/mol.108.051763
5763:Molecular Pharmacology
4468:10.1006/cbir.2000.0497
4212:(Suppl 2): S114–S124.
3997:10.1074/jbc.M210044200
3956:10.1074/jbc.M311019200
1816:interleukin-6 receptor
1695:Interleukin-6 receptor
1587:Central nervous system
1546:unresponsive to IL-6.
1399:and its activation of
638:growth factor activity
555:atrioventricular valve
547:lumbar spinal ganglion
10080:regions by continents
9699:negligible senescence
9694:degenerative diseases
9309:Interleukin 23 (SGRF)
8990:Cintredekin besudotox
8918:Interleukin 11 (AGIF)
8897:Interleukin 10 (CSIF)
6930:: HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-6
6350:Biological Psychiatry
6256:Neurobiology of Aging
5555:10.3892/ijo.2014.2422
5505:10.3892/ijo.2011.1275
5201:Journal of Hepatology
5019:Journal of Hepatology
4364:Biological Psychiatry
4321:Biological Psychiatry
3572:Physiological Reviews
3052:Frontiers in Genetics
1930:systemic inflammation
1737:transcription factors
1633:and is released from
770:inflammatory response
523:stroma of bone marrow
10317:Neurotrophic factors
9925:regions of countries
9745:LGBT life expectancy
8383:Interleukin receptor
8140:Neurotrophic factors
6232:10.4161/epi.3.2.6103
6081:10.1038/nrd.2017.116
5350:10.3390/ijms16011691
3626:10.1002/cphy.c120033
3406:10.1055/s-2001-13818
3263:(11): 3011–3026.e5.
3176:10.1210/en.2014-1248
3128:10.1096/fj.08-122853
2791:Rose-John S (2012).
2468:10.1210/en.2003-1319
2375:Neuroscience Letters
1944:Rheumatoid arthritis
1906:rheumatoid arthritis
1891:rheumatoid arthritis
1469:acute phase response
1449:innate immune system
1435:IL-6 is secreted by
1420:coronavirus pandemic
815:acute-phase response
664:extracellular region
477:smooth muscle tissue
330:Chromosome 5 (mouse)
228:Chromosome 7 (human)
69:List of PDB id codes
42:Available structures
10266:Longevity insurance
10184:Digital immortality
9810:calorie restriction
9797:Indefinite lifespan
9787:Anti-aging movement
9757:Biomarkers of aging
8515:Denileukin diftitox
7702:Interferon type III
6581:1998Sci...281.1640K
6575:(5383): 1640–1645.
6398:Nature Neuroscience
5713:(40): 10695–10702.
5448:(42): 35484–35495.
3721:10.1155/2010/520258
2858:2013PNAS..11016199S
2852:(40): 16199–16204.
2360:Cardiac Rhythm News
2184:Protein superfamily
2067:neural oscillations
1965:autoimmune diseases
1910:Castleman's disease
1871:Alzheimer's disease
1600:parabrachial nuclei
1543:glucose homeostasis
1500:blood–brain barrier
1412:inflammatory marker
1381:Smooth muscle cells
975:signal transduction
790:monocyte chemotaxis
705:platelet activation
674:extracellular space
551:islet of Langerhans
489:islet of Langerhans
369:5 B1|5 15.7 cM
9916:World macroregions
9815:Diet and longevity
9087:E (interleukin 25)
6702:ClinicalTrials.gov
5935:10.1038/tp.2012.69
4852:(9617): 998–1006.
3906:10.1042/BJ20030407
3771:10.1111/febs.12338
3210:Neuroendocrinology
2163:The IL-6 antibody
2048:DNMT1 expression.
1926:liver regeneration
1847:multiple sclerosis
1651:eccentric exercise
1488:regulatory T cells
1105:ENSMUSG00000025746
930:glucagon secretion
688:Biological process
657:Cellular component
626:Molecular function
10289:
10288:
10120:
10119:
9840:stem-cell therapy
9752:Maximum life span
9624:
9623:
9620:
9619:
9589:(signals through
9570:(signals through
9556:(signals through
9546:(signals through
9170:Binding proteins:
8500:Adargileukin alfa
8349:
8348:
8098:
8097:
7991:
7990:
7949:
7948:
7846:
7845:
7842:
7841:
7650:
7649:
7328:
7327:
6983:
6982:
6792:(22): 5173–5181.
6658:(11): 3745–3752.
6262:(12): 1834–1837.
6024:(12): 2853–2868.
5887:(11): 1061–1069.
5595:10.1002/ijc.25764
5405:10.1172/JCI152673
5118:(30): 4479–4488.
4975:10.1159/000493225
4917:10.1002/art.40751
4765:(11): 1516–1523.
4544:(24): 3359–3365.
4538:Internal Medicine
3990:(11): 9528–9535.
3816:10.1042/bj3340297
3765:(17): 4131–4148.
3539:10.1172/JCI133572
3492:(4): 844–855.e3.
3222:10.1159/000499693
3170:(11): 4356–4367.
3121:(10): 3629–3636.
3046:Rogina B (2017).
3015:10.1002/hep.29089
2966:10.2337/db14-0645
2911:(11): 1481–1489.
2809:10.7150/ijbs.4989
2584:(11): 2431–2441.
2547:10.1038/nm0102-75
2501:(16): 2221–2222.
2091:metalloproteinase
2013:gene polymorphism
1980:pancreatic cancer
1976:metastatic cancer
1683:physical exercise
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1309:
1308:
1274:
1273:
1249:
1248:
1215:
1214:
1190:
1189:
1156:
1155:
1137:
1136:
1111:
1110:
1092:
1091:
1066:
1065:
1047:
1046:
995:
994:
633:cytokine activity
610:
609:
606:
605:
575:
574:
562:
561:
500:
499:
469:left uterine tube
398:
397:
297:
296:
124:
123:
120:
119:
52:Ortholog search:
10324:
10132:Longevity claims
9864:
9863:
9728:supercentenarian
9651:
9644:
9637:
9628:
9627:
9612:Efineptakin alfa
9607:Efavaleukin alfa
9509:
9508:
8476:Decoy receptors:
8376:
8369:
8362:
8353:
8352:
8125:
8118:
8111:
8102:
8101:
7729:
7728:
7661:
7660:
7444:
7443:
7429:
7428:
7041:
7040:
7032:
7031:
7010:
7003:
6996:
6987:
6986:
6969:
6954:
6939:
6924:
6904:
6897:
6890:
6881:
6880:
6820:
6819:
6809:
6777:
6771:
6770:
6760:
6728:
6722:
6721:
6710:
6704:
6692:
6686:
6685:
6675:
6643:
6637:
6636:
6619:(8): 1252–1257.
6607:
6601:
6600:
6564:
6558:
6557:
6520:
6514:
6513:
6503:
6471:
6465:
6464:
6436:
6430:
6429:
6404:(8): 1007–1008.
6393:
6384:
6383:
6373:
6337:
6331:
6330:
6294:
6288:
6287:
6251:
6245:
6244:
6234:
6210:
6199:
6198:
6158:
6152:
6151:
6141:
6109:
6103:
6102:
6092:
6060:
6054:
6053:
6043:
6033:
6009:
6000:
5999:
5963:
5957:
5956:
5946:
5914:
5905:
5904:
5875:
5869:
5868:
5858:
5834:
5828:
5827:
5806:
5797:
5796:
5786:
5754:
5741:
5740:
5730:
5698:
5692:
5691:
5673:
5641:
5635:
5634:
5623:
5617:
5616:
5606:
5589:(5): 1053–1063.
5574:
5568:
5567:
5557:
5533:
5527:
5526:
5516:
5499:(4): 1171–1179.
5484:
5478:
5477:
5467:
5457:
5433:
5427:
5426:
5416:
5384:
5373:
5372:
5362:
5352:
5343:(1): 1691–1710.
5328:
5322:
5321:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5276:
5244:
5235:
5234:
5224:
5195:
5189:
5188:
5178:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5137:
5127:
5103:
5097:
5096:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5042:
5010:
5004:
5003:
4977:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4936:
4896:
4890:
4884:
4878:
4877:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4823:
4814:(8): 2627–2632.
4799:
4793:
4792:
4782:
4750:
4744:
4743:
4733:
4723:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4553:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4434:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4299:
4289:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4249:(130): 291–294.
4238:
4232:
4231:
4221:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4180:
4170:
4146:
4137:
4136:
4126:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4016:
4010:
4009:
3999:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3958:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3917:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3868:
3859:(4): 1243–1254.
3844:
3838:
3837:
3827:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3782:
3759:The FEBS Journal
3750:
3744:
3743:
3733:
3723:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3682:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3613:
3604:
3603:
3578:(4): 1379–1406.
3567:
3561:
3560:
3550:
3533:(6): 2888–2902.
3518:
3512:
3511:
3501:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3460:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3357:(4): 1154–1162.
3346:
3340:
3339:
3321:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3280:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3187:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3130:
3106:
3100:
3093:
3087:
3077:
3067:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3026:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2977:
2960:(5): 1621–1631.
2945:
2939:
2938:
2928:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2879:
2869:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2820:
2803:(9): 1237–1247.
2788:
2779:
2778:
2768:
2751:(7): 2503–2513.
2736:
2730:
2729:
2719:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2628:(1): E182–E187.
2616:
2610:
2609:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2530:
2521:
2520:
2510:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2462:(6): 2680–2686.
2451:
2442:
2441:
2424:(3): R551–R557.
2413:
2407:
2406:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2280:
2274:
2264:
2253:
2243:
2158:bipolar disorder
2033:protein kinase B
1887:Behçet's disease
1879:multiple myeloma
1820:glycoprotein 130
1666:
1520:
1515:body temperature
1322:
1321:
1293:
1286:
1269:
1253:
1252:
1244:
1224:
1223:
1220:RefSeq (protein)
1210:
1194:
1193:
1185:
1165:
1164:
1141:
1140:
1122:
1121:
1096:
1095:
1077:
1076:
1051:
1050:
1032:
1031:
1001:
1000:
616:
615:
602:
593:
586:
585:
571:
511:
509:Top expressed in
504:
503:
457:cartilage tissue
449:
447:Top expressed in
442:
441:
421:
420:
404:
403:
394:
381:
370:
355:
348:
342:
331:
319:
303:
302:
293:
280:
269:
254:
247:
241:
230:
216:
200:
199:
194:
145:
138:
115:
66:
65:
60:
39:
38:
33:
21:
20:
16:Cytokine protein
10332:
10331:
10327:
10326:
10325:
10323:
10322:
10321:
10292:
10291:
10290:
10285:
10249:
10203:Longevity genes
10198:
10158:
10116:
10075:
9920:
9859:life expectancy
9857:
9851:
9761:
9740:Life expectancy
9679:Longevity myths
9660:
9655:
9625:
9616:
9527:
9500:
9451:
9430:
9409:
9369:
9348:
9292:
9289:(against IL-22)
9260:
9219:
9216:(against IL-20)
9177:
9131:
9050:
9024:
8968:
8927:
8901:
8875:
8844:
8824:
8803:
8722:
8661:
8605:
8559:
8483:
8388:
8380:
8350:
8345:
8287:
8261:
8208:
8175:
8142:
8129:
8099:
8094:
8060:
8039:
7997:
7987:
7945:
7918:
7838:
7820:
7718:
7646:
7615:
7578:
7516:
7488:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7418:
7324:
7303:
7287:
7190:
7023:
7014:
6984:
6979:
6976:
6970:
6961:
6955:
6946:
6940:
6931:
6925:
6911:
6908:
6829:
6824:
6823:
6778:
6774:
6729:
6725:
6712:
6711:
6707:
6693:
6689:
6644:
6640:
6608:
6604:
6565:
6561:
6521:
6517:
6472:
6468:
6437:
6433:
6394:
6387:
6338:
6334:
6295:
6291:
6252:
6248:
6211:
6202:
6159:
6155:
6110:
6106:
6075:(10): 718–735.
6061:
6057:
6010:
6003:
5980:10.1038/nrn2774
5964:
5960:
5915:
5908:
5876:
5872:
5835:
5831:
5807:
5800:
5755:
5744:
5699:
5695:
5642:
5638:
5625:
5624:
5620:
5575:
5571:
5534:
5530:
5485:
5481:
5434:
5430:
5399:(17): e152673.
5385:
5376:
5329:
5325:
5294:
5290:
5245:
5238:
5196:
5192:
5155:
5151:
5104:
5100:
5060:
5056:
5011:
5007:
4954:
4950:
4897:
4893:
4885:
4881:
4841:
4837:
4800:
4796:
4751:
4747:
4714:(Suppl 2): S5.
4700:
4696:
4657:
4653:
4614:
4610:
4571:
4567:
4530:
4526:
4495:
4491:
4452:
4448:
4403:
4399:
4370:(10): 930–941.
4360:
4356:
4317:
4313:
4266:
4262:
4239:
4235:
4198:
4194:
4147:
4140:
4095:
4091:
4060:
4056:
4017:
4013:
3976:
3972:
3935:
3931:
3886:
3882:
3845:
3841:
3800:
3796:
3751:
3747:
3700:
3696:
3655:
3651:
3636:
3614:
3607:
3568:
3564:
3519:
3515:
3486:Cell Metabolism
3478:
3474:
3433:
3429:
3390:
3386:
3347:
3343:
3298:
3294:
3249:
3245:
3205:
3201:
3156:
3152:
3107:
3103:
3044:
3040:
2995:
2991:
2946:
2942:
2917:10.1038/nm.2513
2905:Nature Medicine
2897:
2893:
2838:
2834:
2789:
2782:
2737:
2733:
2688:
2684:
2653:
2649:
2617:
2613:
2574:
2570:
2535:Nature Medicine
2531:
2524:
2487:
2483:
2452:
2445:
2414:
2410:
2371:
2367:
2362:. 2 April 2020.
2354:
2353:
2349:
2317:
2313:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2265:
2256:
2244:
2235:
2230:
2217:
2186:
2177:
2126:
2120:
2083:senescent cells
2075:
2054:
2021:
1993:
1988:
1958:
1946:
1922:
1883:prostate cancer
1859:atherosclerosis
1843:
1841:Role in disease
1808:
1796:gp130 utilising
1768:cardiotrophin-1
1729:cardiotrophin-1
1697:
1691:
1664:
1635:skeletal muscle
1612:
1610:Role as myokine
1589:
1518:
1507:
1496:
1433:
1428:
1331:View/Edit Mouse
1326:View/Edit Human
1289:
1282:
1279:Location (UCSC)
1265:
1261:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1206:
1202:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1086:ENSG00000136244
979:
820:immune response
683:
652:
648:protein binding
598:
567:
558:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
507:
496:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
445:
389:
376:
368:
358:
357:
356:
349:
329:
306:Gene location (
288:
275:
267:
257:
256:
255:
248:
226:
203:Gene location (
192:IL6 - orthologs
154:
141:
134:
75:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10330:
10320:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10304:
10287:
10286:
10284:
10283:
10278:
10273:
10271:Longevity risk
10268:
10263:
10257:
10255:
10251:
10250:
10248:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10232:
10227:
10222:
10217:
10212:
10206:
10204:
10200:
10199:
10197:
10196:
10191:
10186:
10181:
10180:
10179:
10168:
10166:
10160:
10159:
10157:
10156:
10155:
10154:
10149:
10144:
10134:
10128:
10126:
10122:
10121:
10118:
10117:
10115:
10114:
10109:
10104:
10099:
10094:
10089:
10083:
10081:
10077:
10076:
10074:
10073:
10072:
10071:
10066:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10041:
10036:
10031:
10026:
10021:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9966:
9965:
9964:
9954:
9949:
9944:
9939:
9934:
9928:
9926:
9922:
9921:
9919:
9918:
9913:
9908:
9903:
9898:
9897:
9896:
9891:
9881:
9876:
9870:
9868:
9861:
9853:
9852:
9850:
9849:
9848:
9847:
9842:
9837:
9832:
9830:organ printing
9827:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9804:
9799:
9794:
9789:
9784:
9783:
9782:
9771:
9769:
9767:Life extension
9763:
9762:
9760:
9759:
9754:
9749:
9748:
9747:
9737:
9736:
9735:
9730:
9720:
9719:
9718:
9713:
9711:biogerontology
9703:
9702:
9701:
9696:
9691:
9681:
9676:
9670:
9668:
9662:
9661:
9654:
9653:
9646:
9639:
9631:
9622:
9621:
9618:
9617:
9615:
9614:
9609:
9600:
9599:
9597:Interleukin 35
9594:
9587:Interleukin 34
9584:
9582:Interleukin 32
9579:
9568:Interleukin 26
9565:
9554:Interleukin 24
9551:
9544:Interleukin 16
9541:
9535:
9533:
9529:
9528:
9526:
9525:
9517:
9515:
9506:
9502:
9501:
9499:
9498:
9489:
9488:
9486:Interleukin 38
9483:
9468:Interleukin 36
9461:
9459:
9453:
9452:
9450:
9449:
9447:Interleukin 33
9440:
9438:
9432:
9431:
9429:
9428:
9426:Interleukin 31
9419:
9417:
9411:
9410:
9408:
9407:
9402:
9391:Interleukin 28
9388:
9379:
9377:
9371:
9370:
9368:
9367:
9358:
9356:
9350:
9349:
9347:
9346:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9312:
9311:
9302:
9300:
9294:
9293:
9291:
9290:
9280:
9279:
9277:Interleukin 22
9270:
9268:
9262:
9261:
9259:
9258:
9253:
9244:
9243:
9241:Interleukin 21
9238:
9229:
9227:
9221:
9220:
9218:
9217:
9207:
9206:
9204:Interleukin 24
9201:
9199:Interleukin 20
9196:
9194:Interleukin 19
9187:
9185:
9179:
9178:
9176:
9175:
9166:
9165:
9160:
9158:Interleukin 37
9155:
9153:Interleukin 18
9150:
9141:
9139:
9133:
9132:
9130:
9129:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9095:
9094:
9067:Interleukin 17
9060:
9058:
9052:
9051:
9049:
9048:
9046:Interleukin 15
9043:
9034:
9032:
9026:
9025:
9023:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9003:
9002:
9000:Interleukin 13
8997:
8992:
8987:
8978:
8976:
8970:
8969:
8967:
8966:
8961:
8952:
8951:
8949:Interleukin 12
8946:
8937:
8935:
8929:
8928:
8926:
8925:
8920:
8911:
8909:
8903:
8902:
8900:
8899:
8894:
8885:
8883:
8877:
8876:
8874:
8873:
8864:
8863:
8854:
8852:
8846:
8845:
8843:
8842:
8834:
8832:
8826:
8825:
8823:
8822:
8813:
8811:
8805:
8804:
8802:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8776:
8771:
8766:
8761:
8756:
8747:
8746:
8741:
8732:
8730:
8724:
8723:
8721:
8720:
8711:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8691:
8690:
8681:
8680:
8671:
8669:
8663:
8662:
8660:
8659:
8654:
8645:
8644:
8635:
8634:
8632:Interleukin 13
8629:
8624:
8615:
8613:
8607:
8606:
8604:
8603:
8601:Promegapoietin
8598:
8593:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8569:
8567:
8561:
8560:
8558:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8538:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8525:Pegaldesleukin
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8493:
8491:
8485:
8484:
8482:
8481:
8472:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8452:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8427:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8398:
8396:
8390:
8389:
8379:
8378:
8371:
8364:
8356:
8347:
8346:
8344:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8332:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8306:
8301:
8295:
8293:
8289:
8288:
8286:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8269:
8267:
8263:
8262:
8260:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8218:
8216:
8210:
8209:
8207:
8206:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8185:
8183:
8177:
8176:
8174:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8152:
8150:
8144:
8143:
8136:Nervous tissue
8132:Cell signaling
8128:
8127:
8120:
8113:
8105:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8092:
8091:
8090:
8089:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8058:
8054:
8053:
8052:
8047:
8037:
8028:
8022:
8021:
8020:
8019:
8014:
8001:
7999:
7993:
7992:
7989:
7988:
7986:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7974:
7973:
7968:
7957:
7955:
7951:
7950:
7947:
7946:
7944:
7943:
7928:
7926:
7920:
7919:
7917:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7856:
7854:
7852:Ig superfamily
7848:
7847:
7844:
7843:
7840:
7839:
7837:
7836:
7830:
7828:
7822:
7821:
7819:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7737:
7735:
7726:
7720:
7719:
7717:
7716:
7715:
7714:
7709:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7669:
7667:
7658:
7652:
7651:
7648:
7647:
7645:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7623:
7621:
7617:
7616:
7614:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7592:
7590:
7580:
7579:
7577:
7576:
7575:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7527:
7525:
7518:
7517:
7515:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7498:
7496:
7490:
7489:
7487:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7462:
7452:
7450:
7441:
7426:
7420:
7419:
7417:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7360:
7359:
7354:
7344:
7338:
7336:
7330:
7329:
7326:
7325:
7323:
7322:
7317:
7311:
7309:
7305:
7304:
7302:
7301:
7295:
7293:
7289:
7288:
7286:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7198:
7196:
7192:
7191:
7189:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7071:
7065:
7059:
7053:
7047:
7045:
7038:
7029:
7025:
7024:
7017:Cell signaling
7013:
7012:
7005:
6998:
6990:
6981:
6980:
6978:
6977:
6971:
6964:
6962:
6956:
6949:
6947:
6941:
6934:
6932:
6926:
6919:
6916:
6913:
6912:
6907:
6906:
6899:
6892:
6884:
6878:
6877:
6856:
6835:
6828:
6827:External links
6825:
6822:
6821:
6772:
6743:(7): 574–584.
6723:
6705:
6687:
6638:
6602:
6559:
6532:(5): 424–434.
6515:
6466:
6447:(1–3): 75–83.
6431:
6410:10.1038/nn1728
6385:
6356:(5): 429–437.
6332:
6305:(3): 161–205.
6289:
6246:
6200:
6173:(8): 513–532.
6153:
6104:
6055:
6001:
5974:(2): 100–113.
5958:
5906:
5870:
5849:(4): 471–481.
5829:
5818:(6): 387–398.
5798:
5769:(2): 342–354.
5742:
5693:
5656:(6): 684–698.
5636:
5618:
5569:
5548:(1): 165–176.
5528:
5479:
5428:
5374:
5323:
5288:
5236:
5207:(3): 670–685.
5190:
5169:(3): 449–453.
5149:
5098:
5071:(5): 730–737.
5054:
5025:(2): 249–259.
5005:
4968:(3): 932–946.
4948:
4911:(4): 583–593.
4891:
4879:
4835:
4794:
4745:
4721:10.1186/ar1969
4694:
4667:(4): 737–752.
4651:
4608:
4581:(3): 277–281.
4565:
4524:
4489:
4462:(4): 195–209.
4446:
4417:(5): 339–343.
4397:
4354:
4327:(5): 446–457.
4311:
4260:
4233:
4192:
4138:
4109:(5): 484–491.
4089:
4070:(3): 237–266.
4054:
4027:(3): 573–581.
4011:
3970:
3949:(1): 571–576.
3929:
3900:(Pt 1): 1–20.
3880:
3839:
3794:
3745:
3694:
3649:
3634:
3605:
3562:
3513:
3472:
3427:
3400:(4): 261–267.
3384:
3341:
3312:(3): 114–119.
3292:
3243:
3216:(4): 310–321.
3199:
3150:
3101:
3038:
3009:(2): 616–630.
2989:
2940:
2891:
2832:
2780:
2731:
2702:(3): 525–535.
2682:
2663:(1): 560–565.
2647:
2611:
2568:
2522:
2481:
2443:
2408:
2381:(1–2): 53–56.
2365:
2347:
2328:(3): 203–208.
2311:
2293:
2275:
2254:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2216:
2213:
2185:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2119:
2116:
2074:
2071:
2065:levels and on
2053:
2050:
2020:
2017:
2005:Enterovirus 71
2003:infected with
1992:
1991:Enterovirus 71
1989:
1987:
1984:
1957:
1954:
1945:
1942:
1934:liver diseases
1921:
1920:Liver diseases
1918:
1863:gastric cancer
1842:
1839:
1807:
1804:
1760:Interleukin 27
1756:Interleukin 11
1693:Main article:
1690:
1687:
1611:
1608:
1588:
1585:
1505:
1495:
1492:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1228:
1227:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1055:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1007:
997:
996:
993:
992:
981:
980:
978:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
691:
689:
685:
684:
682:
681:
676:
671:
666:
660:
658:
654:
653:
651:
650:
645:
640:
635:
629:
627:
623:
622:
612:
611:
608:
607:
604:
603:
595:
594:
583:
577:
576:
573:
572:
564:
563:
560:
559:
557:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
513:
512:
501:
498:
497:
495:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
451:
450:
438:
437:
429:
418:
412:
411:
408:RNA expression
400:
399:
396:
395:
387:
383:
382:
374:
371:
366:
360:
359:
350:
343:
337:
333:
332:
327:
321:
320:
312:
311:
299:
298:
295:
294:
286:
282:
281:
273:
270:
265:
259:
258:
249:
242:
236:
232:
231:
224:
218:
217:
209:
208:
196:
195:
152:
148:
147:
139:
131:
130:
126:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:
71:
70:
62:
61:
50:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10329:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10299:
10297:
10282:
10279:
10277:
10274:
10272:
10269:
10267:
10264:
10262:
10259:
10258:
10256:
10252:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10213:
10211:
10208:
10207:
10205:
10201:
10195:
10192:
10190:
10189:Eternal youth
10187:
10185:
10182:
10178:
10175:
10174:
10173:
10170:
10169:
10167:
10165:
10161:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10139:
10138:
10137:Oldest people
10135:
10133:
10130:
10129:
10127:
10123:
10113:
10112:South America
10110:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10102:North America
10100:
10098:
10095:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10085:
10084:
10082:
10078:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10061:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9963:
9960:
9959:
9958:
9955:
9953:
9950:
9948:
9945:
9943:
9940:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9929:
9927:
9923:
9917:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9904:
9902:
9899:
9895:
9894:South America
9892:
9890:
9889:North America
9887:
9886:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9871:
9869:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9854:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9807:
9805:
9803:
9800:
9798:
9795:
9793:
9790:
9788:
9785:
9781:
9778:
9777:
9776:
9775:Topic outline
9773:
9772:
9770:
9768:
9764:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9746:
9743:
9742:
9741:
9738:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9725:
9724:
9721:
9717:
9714:
9712:
9709:
9708:
9707:
9704:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9686:
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9675:
9672:
9671:
9669:
9667:
9663:
9659:
9652:
9647:
9645:
9640:
9638:
9633:
9632:
9629:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9602:
9601:
9598:
9595:
9592:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9580:
9577:
9573:
9569:
9566:
9563:
9559:
9555:
9552:
9549:
9545:
9542:
9540:
9537:
9536:
9534:
9530:
9523:
9519:
9518:
9516:
9514:
9510:
9507:
9503:
9497:
9494:
9491:
9490:
9487:
9484:
9481:
9477:
9473:
9469:
9466:
9463:
9462:
9460:
9458:
9454:
9448:
9445:
9442:
9441:
9439:
9437:
9433:
9427:
9424:
9421:
9420:
9418:
9416:
9412:
9406:
9403:
9400:
9396:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9381:
9380:
9378:
9376:
9372:
9366:
9363:
9360:
9359:
9357:
9355:
9351:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9339:Tildrakizumab
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9314:
9313:
9310:
9307:
9304:
9303:
9301:
9299:
9295:
9288:
9285:
9282:
9281:
9278:
9275:
9272:
9271:
9269:
9267:
9263:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9246:
9245:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9231:
9230:
9228:
9226:
9222:
9215:
9212:
9209:
9208:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9189:
9188:
9186:
9184:
9180:
9174:
9171:
9168:
9167:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9143:
9142:
9140:
9138:
9134:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9097:
9096:
9092:
9088:
9084:
9080:
9076:
9072:
9068:
9065:
9062:
9061:
9059:
9057:
9053:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9036:
9035:
9033:
9031:
9027:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9005:
9004:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8995:Interleukin 4
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8980:
8979:
8977:
8975:
8971:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8954:
8953:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8944:Edodekin alfa
8942:
8939:
8938:
8936:
8934:
8930:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8913:
8912:
8910:
8908:
8904:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8887:
8886:
8884:
8882:
8878:
8872:
8869:
8866:
8865:
8862:
8861:Interleukin 9
8859:
8856:
8855:
8853:
8851:
8847:
8840:
8836:
8835:
8833:
8831:
8827:
8821:
8820:Interleukin 7
8818:
8815:
8814:
8812:
8810:
8806:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8760:
8757:
8755:
8752:
8749:
8748:
8745:
8744:Interleukin 6
8742:
8740:
8739:Atexakin alfa
8737:
8734:
8733:
8731:
8729:
8725:
8719:
8716:
8713:
8712:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8693:
8692:
8689:
8686:
8683:
8682:
8679:
8678:Interleukin 5
8676:
8673:
8672:
8670:
8668:
8664:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8647:
8646:
8643:
8640:
8637:
8636:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8627:Interleukin 4
8625:
8623:
8620:
8617:
8616:
8614:
8612:
8608:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8581:Interleukin 3
8579:
8577:
8574:
8571:
8570:
8568:
8566:
8562:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8540:
8539:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8520:Interleukin 2
8518:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8495:
8494:
8492:
8490:
8486:
8480:
8477:
8474:
8473:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8454:
8453:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8429:
8428:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8414:
8410:
8406:
8405:Interleukin 1
8403:
8400:
8399:
8397:
8395:
8391:
8387:
8384:
8377:
8372:
8370:
8365:
8363:
8358:
8357:
8354:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8311:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8296:
8294:
8290:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8270:
8268:
8264:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8219:
8217:
8215:
8211:
8205:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8186:
8184:
8182:
8178:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8153:
8151:
8149:
8148:Neurotrophins
8145:
8141:
8137:
8133:
8126:
8121:
8119:
8114:
8112:
8107:
8106:
8103:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8063:
8062:
8055:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8042:
8041:
8034:
8033:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8023:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8009:
8008:
8007:
8003:
8002:
8000:
7994:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7963:
7962:
7961:Hematopoietic
7959:
7958:
7956:
7952:
7941:
7937:
7933:
7930:
7929:
7927:
7925:
7921:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7861:
7858:
7857:
7855:
7853:
7849:
7835:
7832:
7831:
7829:
7827:
7823:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7738:
7736:
7734:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7721:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7704:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7674:
7671:
7670:
7668:
7666:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7653:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7624:
7622:
7618:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7593:
7591:
7589:
7585:
7581:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7554:
7553:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7528:
7526:
7524:
7519:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7499:
7497:
7495:
7491:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7457:
7454:
7453:
7451:
7449:
7445:
7442:
7434:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7421:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7369:TNFSF5/CD40LG
7367:
7365:
7362:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7349:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7339:
7337:
7335:
7331:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7312:
7310:
7306:
7300:
7297:
7296:
7294:
7290:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7203:
7200:
7199:
7197:
7193:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7075:
7072:
7069:
7066:
7063:
7060:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7048:
7046:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7033:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7018:
7011:
7006:
7004:
6999:
6997:
6992:
6991:
6988:
6974:
6968:
6963:
6959:
6953:
6948:
6944:
6938:
6933:
6929:
6923:
6918:
6917:
6914:
6905:
6900:
6898:
6893:
6891:
6886:
6885:
6882:
6875:
6871:
6870:
6865:
6861:
6857:
6854:
6850:
6849:
6844:
6840:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6830:
6817:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6799:
6795:
6791:
6787:
6783:
6776:
6768:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6750:
6746:
6742:
6738:
6734:
6727:
6719:
6715:
6709:
6703:
6699:
6698:
6691:
6683:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6665:
6661:
6657:
6653:
6649:
6642:
6634:
6630:
6626:
6622:
6618:
6614:
6606:
6598:
6594:
6590:
6586:
6582:
6578:
6574:
6570:
6563:
6555:
6551:
6547:
6543:
6539:
6535:
6531:
6527:
6519:
6511:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6481:
6477:
6470:
6462:
6458:
6454:
6450:
6446:
6442:
6435:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6399:
6392:
6390:
6381:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6355:
6351:
6347:
6343:
6336:
6328:
6324:
6320:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6300:
6293:
6285:
6281:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6261:
6257:
6250:
6242:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6224:
6220:
6216:
6209:
6207:
6205:
6196:
6192:
6188:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6164:
6157:
6149:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6108:
6100:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6066:
6059:
6051:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6023:
6019:
6015:
6008:
6006:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5962:
5954:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5924:
5920:
5913:
5911:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5874:
5866:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5833:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5805:
5803:
5794:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5753:
5751:
5749:
5747:
5738:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5708:
5704:
5697:
5689:
5685:
5681:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5640:
5632:
5628:
5622:
5614:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5584:
5580:
5573:
5565:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5532:
5524:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5490:
5483:
5475:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5432:
5424:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5370:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5327:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5292:
5284:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5243:
5241:
5232:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5194:
5186:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5153:
5145:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5102:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5058:
5050:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5009:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4952:
4944:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4883:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4839:
4831:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4798:
4790:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4749:
4741:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4698:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4655:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4612:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4569:
4561:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4528:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4493:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4450:
4442:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4401:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4358:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4315:
4307:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4264:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4245:(in Polish).
4244:
4237:
4229:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4196:
4188:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4145:
4143:
4134:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4093:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4015:
4007:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3974:
3966:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3933:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3884:
3876:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3843:
3835:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3798:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3749:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3698:
3690:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3653:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3635:9780470650714
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3612:
3610:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3566:
3558:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3517:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3476:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3431:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3388:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3345:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3296:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3247:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3203:
3195:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3164:Endocrinology
3161:
3154:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3115:FASEB Journal
3112:
3105:
3099:
3097:
3092:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3042:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2993:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2895:
2887:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2836:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2787:
2785:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2735:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2615:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2572:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2527:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2485:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2456:Endocrinology
2450:
2448:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2315:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2181:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2099:interleukin 8
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2052:Schizophrenia
2049:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1969:breast cancer
1966:
1962:
1953:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1741:Janus kinases
1738:
1734:
1733:intracellular
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1672:and glycogen/
1671:
1667:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1639:
1638:osteoblasts.
1636:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1593:consolidation
1584:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1553:stimulation.
1552:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1534:gene knockout
1531:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1431:Immune system
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1371:In addition,
1369:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1343:Interleukin 6
1332:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1161:RefSeq (mRNA)
1159:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1002:
998:
991:
987:
982:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
692:
690:
687:
686:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
661:
659:
656:
655:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
628:
625:
624:
621:
620:Gene ontology
617:
613:
601:
596:
592:
587:
584:
582:
578:
570:
565:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:
514:
510:
505:
502:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
455:
452:
448:
443:
440:
439:
436:
434:
430:
428:
427:
423:
422:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
393:
388:
384:
380:
375:
365:
361:
354:
347:
341:
334:
326:
322:
318:
313:
309:
304:
300:
292:
287:
283:
279:
274:
264:
260:
253:
246:
240:
233:
229:
223:
219:
215:
210:
206:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
149:
144:
137:
132:
127:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
72:
67:
64:
63:
59:
56:
49:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
10307:Interleukins
10229:
10177:Regeneration
10029:South Africa
9835:rejuvenation
9825:nanomedicine
9820:gene therapy
9603:
9591:M-CSFR/CSF1R
9578:heterodimer)
9564:heterodimer)
9493:Antagonists:
9492:
9464:
9443:
9422:
9382:
9361:
9334:Risankizumab
9315:
9305:
9283:
9273:
9256:NNC0114-0006
9251:NNC0114-0005
9247:
9232:
9210:
9190:
9169:
9144:
9098:
9063:
9037:
9020:Tralokinumab
9015:Lebrikizumab
9010:Anrukinzumab
9006:
8981:
8955:
8940:
8914:
8888:
8867:
8857:
8816:
8759:Clazakizumab
8750:
8743:
8735:
8714:
8698:Benralizumab
8694:
8685:Antagonists:
8684:
8674:
8657:Pascolizumab
8648:
8639:Antagonists:
8638:
8618:
8572:
8541:
8496:
8475:
8455:
8431:Antagonists:
8430:
8401:
8282:
8075:
8056:
8035:
8004:
7996:By function/
7707:IL28/IFNL2+3
7530:
6972:
6957:
6942:
6927:
6867:
6846:
6789:
6785:
6775:
6740:
6736:
6726:
6717:
6708:
6695:
6690:
6655:
6651:
6641:
6616:
6612:
6605:
6572:
6568:
6562:
6529:
6525:
6518:
6483:
6479:
6469:
6444:
6440:
6434:
6401:
6397:
6353:
6349:
6335:
6302:
6298:
6292:
6259:
6255:
6249:
6225:(2): 74–80.
6222:
6218:
6170:
6166:
6156:
6124:(1): 42–46.
6121:
6117:
6107:
6072:
6068:
6058:
6021:
6018:PLOS Biology
6017:
5971:
5967:
5961:
5926:
5922:
5884:
5880:
5873:
5846:
5842:
5832:
5815:
5811:
5766:
5762:
5710:
5706:
5696:
5653:
5649:
5639:
5630:
5621:
5586:
5582:
5572:
5545:
5541:
5531:
5496:
5492:
5482:
5445:
5441:
5431:
5396:
5392:
5340:
5336:
5326:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5256:
5252:
5204:
5200:
5193:
5166:
5162:
5152:
5115:
5111:
5101:
5068:
5064:
5057:
5022:
5018:
5008:
4965:
4961:
4951:
4908:
4904:
4894:
4882:
4849:
4845:
4838:
4811:
4807:
4797:
4762:
4758:
4748:
4711:
4707:
4697:
4664:
4660:
4654:
4621:
4617:
4611:
4578:
4574:
4568:
4541:
4537:
4527:
4505:(1): 33–40.
4502:
4498:
4492:
4459:
4455:
4449:
4414:
4410:
4400:
4367:
4363:
4357:
4324:
4320:
4314:
4277:
4273:
4263:
4246:
4242:
4236:
4209:
4205:
4195:
4158:
4154:
4106:
4102:
4092:
4067:
4063:
4057:
4024:
4020:
4014:
3987:
3983:
3973:
3946:
3942:
3932:
3897:
3893:
3883:
3856:
3852:
3842:
3807:
3797:
3762:
3758:
3748:
3711:
3707:
3697:
3662:
3652:
3617:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3530:
3526:
3516:
3489:
3485:
3475:
3440:
3430:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3309:
3305:
3295:
3260:
3257:Cell Reports
3256:
3246:
3213:
3209:
3202:
3167:
3163:
3153:
3118:
3114:
3104:
3088:
3055:
3051:
3041:
3006:
3002:
2992:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2849:
2845:
2835:
2800:
2796:
2748:
2744:
2734:
2699:
2696:Diabetologia
2695:
2685:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2625:
2621:
2614:
2581:
2578:Diabetologia
2577:
2571:
2541:(1): 75–79.
2538:
2534:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2459:
2455:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2305:
2296:
2287:
2278:
2221:Ziltivekimab
2187:
2178:
2162:
2146:
2127:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2097:, IL-6, and
2076:
2055:
2022:
2001:mouse models
1997:encephalitis
1994:
1973:
1959:
1947:
1923:
1895:
1844:
1828:
1809:
1806:Interactions
1800:
1795:
1791:
1780:oncostatin M
1749:
1721:oncostatin M
1698:
1679:
1656:
1647:
1640:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1597:
1590:
1570:
1555:
1548:
1523:
1511:hypothalamus
1497:
1473:
1434:
1409:
1385:tunica media
1379:formation.
1370:
1362:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1263:NP_001300983
1260:
1242:NP_001358025
1238:NP_001305024
1231:
1208:NM_001314054
1201:
1183:NM_001371096
1179:NM_001318095
1172:
1148:
1129:
1103:
1084:
1058:
1039:
1019:
1014:
535:spermatocyte
431:
424:
151:External IDs
74:
18:
10164:Immortality
9723:Centenarian
9706:Gerontology
9344:Ustekinumab
9324:Briakinumab
9316:Antibodies:
9287:Fezakinumab
9284:Antibodies:
9248:Antibodies:
9236:Denenicokin
9211:Antibodies:
9148:Iboctadekin
9127:Vunakizumab
9122:Secukinumab
9112:Perakizumab
9099:Antibodies:
9007:Antibodies:
8964:Ustekinumab
8959:Briakinumab
8956:Antibodies:
8868:Antibodies:
8794:Tocilizumab
8764:Elsilimomab
8751:Antibodies:
8703:Mepolizumab
8695:Antibodies:
8649:Antibodies:
8576:Daniplestim
8545:Basiliximab
8542:Antibodies:
8510:Celmoleukin
8505:Aldesleukin
8469:Lutikizumab
8464:Gevokizumab
8459:Canakinumab
8456:Antibodies:
8309:Neuregulins
8266:CNTF family
8181:GDNF family
7924:IL17 family
7665:IL10 family
7584:IL12 family
7436:(grouped by
7424:Interleukin
7347:Lymphotoxin
6910:PDB gallery
6718:AdisInsight
6697:NCT02473289
6486:: 206–215.
6219:Epigenetics
6118:BMB Reports
5929:(7): e142.
5304:: 127–135.
5222:2445/175350
2495:Circulation
2149:Substance P
2142:hippocampus
2045:CpG islands
1902:tocilizumab
1831:Substance P
1798:cytokines
1627:tocilizumab
1480:bone marrow
1476:neutrophils
1467:and of the
1437:macrophages
1414:for severe
1373:osteoblasts
1351:interleukin
543:granulocyte
465:gallbladder
390:30,224,979
377:30,218,112
289:22,732,002
276:22,725,884
129:Identifiers
10296:Categories
10147:by country
10044:Tajikistan
10009:Kazakhstan
9867:by country
9684:Senescence
9399:B (IFN-λ3)
9395:A (IFN-λ2)
9329:Guselkumab
9319:Brazikumab
9214:Fletikumab
9117:Remtolumab
9107:Ixekizumab
9102:Brodalumab
8985:Binetrakin
8923:Oprelvekin
8892:Ilodecakin
8871:Enokizumab
8784:Siltuximab
8774:Olokizumab
8708:Reslizumab
8642:Pitrakinra
8622:Binetrakin
8591:Milodistim
8586:Leridistim
8555:Inolimomab
8530:Teceleukin
8449:Isunakinra
8386:modulators
8031:Lymphokine
7869:IL1B/IL1F2
7864:IL1A/IL1F1
7860:IL1 family
7724:Interferon
7712:IL29/IFNL1
4624:: 101610.
4280:: 100981.
4161:(1): 191.
3714:: 520258.
3003:Hepatology
2273:, May 2017
2252:, May 2017
2228:References
2130:depression
2122:See also:
2025:epigenetic
1867:depression
1824:Galectin-3
1526:adipocytes
1377:osteoclast
527:blastocyst
435:(ortholog)
172:HomoloGene
10261:Blue zone
10019:Palestine
9937:Australia
9932:Argentina
9658:Longevity
9604:Unsorted:
9465:Agonists:
9444:Agonists:
9423:Agonists:
9383:Agonists:
9362:Agonists:
9306:Agonists:
9274:Agonists:
9233:Agonists:
9191:Agonists:
9163:Tadekinig
9145:Agonists:
9064:Agonists:
9038:Agonists:
8982:Agonists:
8941:Agonists:
8915:Agonists:
8889:Agonists:
8858:Agonists:
8817:Agonists:
8799:Levilimab
8789:Sirukumab
8779:Sarilumab
8736:Agonists:
8675:Agonists:
8652:Dupilumab
8619:Agonists:
8596:Muplestim
8573:Agonists:
8497:Agonists:
8424:Pifonakin
8419:Mobenakin
8402:Agonists:
8204:Persephin
8199:Neurturin
7909:33/IL1F11
7874:1Ra/IL1F3
7521:IL6 like/
7238:CXCL8/IL8
7036:Chemokine
7028:By family
7021:cytokines
6342:Glover GH
6195:218912510
5996:205505539
4984:1421-9778
4925:2326-5205
4274:Neoplasia
3422:260192304
3238:208014066
3096:CC BY 4.0
2165:sirukumab
2103:conserved
2095:chemokine
1974:Advanced/
1961:Anti-IL-6
1950:anti-IL-6
1898:anti-IL-6
1853:(NMOSD),
1792:IL-6 like
1762:(IL-27),
1758:(IL-11),
1631:lipolysis
1539:hindbrain
1494:Metabolic
1451:, called
1393:TNF-alpha
1267:NP_112445
1234:NP_000591
1204:NM_031168
1175:NM_000600
1005:Orthologs
539:spermatid
461:vena cava
180:GeneCards
10142:verified
10064:shortest
9884:Americas
9856:Lists of
9806:Methods
9558:IL-22Rα1
9524:instead.
8841:instead.
8769:mAb 1339
8754:ARGX-109
8718:TPI ASM8
8688:YM-90709
8439:Anakinra
8434:AF-12198
8026:Monokine
7555:+non IL
7440:subunit)
7438:receptor
7409:TNFSF13B
7357:TNFC/LTB
7352:TNFB/LTA
6816:22490805
6767:27283230
6633:11481159
6546:23539641
6510:26065825
6461:14654230
6426:35224855
6418:16819523
6380:17210143
6327:24889257
6319:15882774
6284:23626890
6276:16343697
6241:18536530
6187:32467649
6148:30526772
6099:28729727
6050:19053174
5988:20087360
5953:22806213
5901:11074872
5865:20354000
5824:18204201
5793:19029285
5737:17913903
5688:11019678
5680:16094523
5671:11031060
5613:21710491
5564:24806843
5523:22134360
5474:22893706
5423:35900794
5369:25590298
5318:26854213
5298:Cytokine
5283:37994498
5274:10666984
5231:33301825
5144:32874059
5085:28919544
5049:30658726
5000:52166938
4992:30184535
4943:30302948
4874:21554759
4866:18358927
4830:15998837
4789:18625622
4740:16899109
4689:45421426
4681:16083340
4646:85495400
4638:30923023
4603:20188179
4595:16582692
4560:23257520
4519:11312117
4484:44820455
4476:10816321
4441:15230289
4384:20692646
4341:20015486
4306:38422751
4297:10912637
4255:17684929
4228:16306329
4206:Diabetes
4187:28946890
4133:29875102
4084:15989626
4049:41245022
4006:12643274
3965:14557255
3924:12773095
3789:23663276
3740:20224659
3644:23897689
3600:12601630
3592:18923185
3557:32078586
3508:30595477
3467:11018114
3414:11414667
3371:15772055
3336:26503323
3328:16006818
3287:30865890
3230:30889580
3194:25116706
3145:38515607
3137:19546306
3098:license.
3084:28596784
3033:28133767
2984:25409701
2954:Diabetes
2935:22037645
2886:24048027
2827:23136552
2775:24523541
2726:19902173
2677:12054638
2642:15191885
2606:12970519
2598:20697689
2555:11786910
2517:10217702
2476:14988384
2438:16455769
2403:22712577
2322:Genomics
2269:–
2248:–
2215:See also
1986:Diseases
1855:diabetes
1812:interact
1788:KSHV-IL6
1770:(CT-1),
1766:(CNTF),
1689:Receptor
1674:p38 MAPK
1659:myocytes
1441:pathogen
1426:Function
1416:COVID-19
1389:cytokine
1355:cytokine
1349:) is an
1315:Wikidata
984:Sources:
493:testicle
10254:Related
10125:Records
10107:Oceania
10069:longest
9979:Germany
9974:Finland
9942:Belgium
9911:Oceania
9674:Old age
9576:IL-10Rβ
9572:IL-20Rα
9562:IL-20Rβ
9496:IL-36RA
9041:ALT-803
8214:Ephrins
8194:Artemin
7914:18/IL1G
7656:Type II
7588:IL12RB1
7494:β chain
7448:γ chain
7404:TNFSF13
7399:TNFSF11
7394:TNFSF10
7076:/RANTES
6874:PDBe-KB
6864:UniProt
6853:PDBe-KB
6843:UniProt
6807:3370672
6758:5007068
6682:8642417
6673:6578844
6597:9733503
6577:Bibcode
6569:Science
6554:6523822
6501:4566946
6371:2001244
6139:6386235
6090:5942225
6041:2592359
5944:3410621
5784:2684898
5728:2387067
5604:3110561
5514:3584811
5465:3471767
5414:9435651
5360:4307328
5185:2044224
5176:1535433
5135:7438191
5093:4408167
5040:6361545
4934:6438766
4780:3811149
4731:3226077
4432:2014821
4392:6544784
4178:5613387
4124:6073326
4041:2788034
3915:1223585
3875:7632928
3834:9716487
3825:1219691
3780:4163639
3731:2836182
3689:9130176
3680:1159298
3548:7260002
3458:2270126
3379:4776835
3278:6418345
3185:4256827
3075:5442177
3024:5519435
2975:4407855
2926:4286294
2877:3791711
2854:Bibcode
2818:3491447
2766:6802757
2717:2815798
2563:7111589
2395:7845624
2342:3294161
2271:Ensembl
2250:Ensembl
2193:PF00489
1782:(OSM),
1778:(LIF),
1774:(CLC),
1715:(LIF),
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