271:", and maintains budgets, administration and staff independent of the university. It is today one of the most prestigious centers for the study of African culture in the world. As the main cultural research center of the colonies of French West Africa, it contains important collections from across Francophone Africa. Most branches of IFAN, notably in
131:) scientific tools were turned on their head in a number of ways. First, the African higher education system (and the École William Ponty in particular) became the incubator for the political leaders of the independence movement. The study of African cultures, though invaluable to modern historians, did little to legitimize French rule through their
416:
It is for us a sort of intellectual duty and a requirement of colonial honour to study the countries that we must administer and the people that we must educate and protect. This is, in part, one of the strongest justifications for colonisation, and it cannot be defined in material and economic terms
143:
movement. Finally, Europeans and
Africans who opposed colonial rule came together in the years after the founding of IFAN in Dakar. IFAN was first conceived as an integration of various French colonial research systems in the early 1930s, and the vision was one of putting science to the service of
152:
from 1930 to 1936, wrote that "colonization needs scholars, impartial and disinterested researchers with broad vision, outside of the urgency and fire of action. He wanted a methodical research program into colonial history and
African culture, and lobbied for an official scientific institute to
329:
263:
By independence in 1960 IFAN had branches across French West Africa, in all the cities which were to become the capitals of independent states. The Dakar IFAN was transferred to
380:
See: David
Robinson. Paths of accommodation: Muslim societies and French colonial authorities in Senegal and Mauritania, 1880-1920, Athens, Ohio University Press (2000)
334:
108:" Africans, while the later required French colonial administrators be educated in the workings of African societies. To these ends, Hardy oversaw the creation of the
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in 1957. Each of these institutions, begun as colonial instruments, evolved with the coming of independence into
African tools to meet African needs.
132:
164:
at its head. From the opening of the institute in 1938, Monod sought to promote
Africans into positions of authority in IFAN, such as ethnologist
124:(1918). This last, immensely successful as a scientific journal, inaugurated what one historian has called an era of "..knowledge and control."
598:
93:
593:
421:
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through the understanding of
African cultures, and research into the resources of the French dominion in Africa. Governors General
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60:(French Institute of Black Africa), the name was changed only in 1966. It was headquartered in what is now the building of the
473:
428:. Jacques Gaillard, V.V. Krishna and Roland Waast(eds). New Delhi, Thousand Oaks, Calif., and London: Sage Publications, 1997.
449:
588:
364:. Other sections of IFAN have published collections on everything from the fish to the dance of the West African region.
104:, rule by African proxy policy. The first required educational resources be created provided for the small minority of "
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401:
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535:
295:), became the basis for national archives and research centers. Some still retain the "IFAN" title. The IFAN of
356:. The Centre de Linguistique Appliquée de Dakar, in conjunction with IFAN, has published extensive work on the
176:) found homes in IFAN and its branches, some taking part in political agitation through organisations like the
97:
558:
191:
As independence loomed in the 1950s, IFAN became an increasingly
African institution. It formed a parallel
417:. . . . The establishment of African science is indeed an exigency of our colonial policy (IFAN, 1961: 37).
92:(1908–1914) oversaw a reorganization of the French higher educational system in the colonies, and placing
64:. Since its founding, its charge was to study the language, history, and culture of the peoples ruled by
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196:
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to the
Archives of the Governor General in Dakar, with Monod and the IFAN answering directly to the
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in charge, moved the colonial administration into a model which used elements from both a "Direct",
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181:
300:
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65:
185:
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20:
559:"Symbols of Triumph: IFAN and the Colonial Museum Complex in French West Africa (1938-1960)"
441:
The French
Imperial Nation-State: Negritude and Colonial Humanism Between the Two World Wars
204:
139:) with the materials to bolster their sense of cultural importance, as demonstrated in the
480:. "l'arrêté 4803 du 24 novembre 1947 qui faisait de l'IFAN le dépositaire du dépôt légal".
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in 1960, and Monod was kept on as director until 1965. In 1986 it was officially renamed "
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422:"The Senegalese Scientific Community: Africanization, Dependence and Crisis"
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IFAN first formed from a combination of three forces: the French colonial "
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247:. The 1940s and 50s saw more such projects undertaken, such as the 1943
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44:) is a cultural and scientific institute in the nations of the former
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172:, an influx of African intellectuals and French radicals (such as
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Les
Archives Nationales du Sénégal: La Bibliothèque, Présentation
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undertake geographical, ethnographic and historical research.
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251:(Now the ORSTOM Soil Research Centre in Dakar-Hann) and the
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Jacques Galliard quotes a publication from the early 30s:
396:
Robinson, ibid, (p.69 in French language edition, 2004,
135:, but it did provide Francophone West Africans (such as
527:
158:
Comite d'etudes historiques et scientifiques de l'AOF
156:
The Popular Front government, in 1936, converted the
122:
Comite d'etudes historiques et scientifiques de l'AOF
330:Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire
160:into the Dakar-based IFAN, and placed naturalist
570:
235:, and permanent scientific research stations in
536:Mémoires de l'Institut français d'Afrique noire
504:, 1870-1960. Cambridge University Press (1975)
498:See the bibliographical essay on pp.304-305 of
311:: the National Library, Archives and Museum of
309:Institut National de Recherche et Documentation
426:Scientific communities in the developing world
323:IFAN publishes a number of academic journals.
500:Peter Duignan, Lewis H. Gann, Victor Witter.
203:system. By independence IFAN had offices in
444:. University of Chicago Press. p. 70.
565:, Summer 2002, Vol. 25, No. 2: pp. 50-60.
599:Arts organizations established in 1938
571:
437:
249:Office of Colonial Scientific Research
199:- a rare degree of autonomy under the
110:École normale supérieure William Ponty
35:Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire
594:Arts organisations based in Senegal
538:- book series published by I.F.A.N.
13:
14:
615:
518:
80:", the desire for more efficient
58:Institut français d’Afrique noire
118:Bulletin de l'Enseigement en AOF
71:
258:
604:1938 establishments in Senegal
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112:(under the administration of
16:Senegalese research institute
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589:Cheikh Anta Diop University
552:Cheikh Anta Diop University
438:Wilder, Gary (2005-12-01).
360:, notably the multi-volume
265:Cheikh Anta Diop University
197:Minister of Overseas France
127:These imperial (or at best
62:IFAN Museum of African Arts
10:
620:
18:
39:Fundamental Institute of
489:See J. Galliard, Passim.
227:, associated centers in
178:Senegalese Popular Front
301:National Museum of Mali
168:. With the end of the
419:
362:Lexique Wolof-Français
186:Communist Study Groups
144:the colonial project.
114:François Joseph Clozel
502:Colonialism in Africa
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269:IFAN Cheikh Anta Diop
344:) mostly deal with
19:For other uses, see
563:Museum Anthropology
358:Languages of Africa
253:University of Dakar
116:), the publication
584:French West Africa
476:2012-09-01 at the
420:Jacques Gaillard.
150:French West Africa
78:Civilizing mission
66:French colonialism
46:French West Africa
451:978-0-226-89768-4
325:MĂ©moire de l'IFAN
193:National Archives
174:Jean Suret-Canale
166:Amadou Hampâté Bâ
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352:, history and
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188:of the 1940s.
162:Théodore Monod
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350:anthropology
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346:linguistics
333: [
307:became the
299:became the
225:Ouagadougou
205:Saint-Louis
129:paternalist
106:assimilated
68:in Africa.
573:Categories
542:Ucad.org:
457:2015-10-27
368:References
354:archeology
319:Publishing
245:Mont-Nimba
184:, and the
120:, and the
241:Diafarabé
141:Negritude
546:archives
474:Archived
102:Indirect
31:I.F.A.N.
287:), and
281:Abidjan
273:Conakry
217:Cotonou
209:Abidjan
54:Senegal
508:
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400:
384:
313:Guinea
289:Bamako
277:Guinea
243:, and
229:Douala
221:Niamey
213:Bamako
180:, the
544:BIFAN
342:BIFAN
337:]
50:Dakar
506:ISBN
446:ISBN
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382:ISBN
327:and
293:Mali
237:Atar
233:Lomé
231:and
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550:at
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182:RDA
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