475:
from all over Bihar; some having traveled over 100 kilometres (62 mi) on foot to reach the venue. At the time, political observers described the front to be the fastest growing leftist movement in India. From 1995 onward the party began contesting elections on its own, substituting the role of
311:
which saw a participation of around 1000 women. The convention took the initiative of giving attention to women's issues while attempting to foster cooperation and synthesis between communist women's organisations and autonomous women's groups. In an address to the convention, the president of the
306:
in protest of the massacre. The protest is claimed by the
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation, to mark a new phase in the assertiveness of revolutionary democratic forces. In the same year, the front organised a "national convention of women" in
216:
in India. The Indian People's Front was launched in a conference organised by the
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation which was held in Delhi between 24–26 April 1982. The conference was attended by the splinter factions of the
245:
publicly denounced and ridiculed the notion of the front becoming a "national alternative". On 15 October 1982, the front organised a mass rally against the Bihar Press Bill which witnessed a participation of 100,000 people according to
1106:
241:
of different revolutionary groups but most other factions dropped out during its formation and it effectively became a mass organisation of the
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation.
471:(Social Change Rally) on 18 March 1994, was the last rally called by the front. The rally was reported to been a gathering of tens of thousands of bare-footed and starving workers who had marched to
164:
attempting to project itself as a national party. It was disbanded when the
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation began contesting elections on its own, inheriting its organisation.
1099:
1244:
443:) killed 14 Scheduled caste landless labourers for supporting the Indian People's Front in Tikshora village near Patna. At the same time, the front was able to expand its footprint in
360:
in Bihar. It took the position of supporting reservations solely on the basis of social and educational backwardness and supported the implementation of the recommendations of the
1092:
813:
282:. Civil rights activists described the massacre as part of a systematic eradication of the moblisation of impoverished people by branding them as "Naxalite" and killing them in
602:
1115:
460:
201:
114:
495:
a union of rickshaw and handcart drivers. Ganauri Azad
Harijan was the president of the union and a member of the national executive of the Indian People's Front.
755:
1254:
312:
women's cell of the front stated that feminism and
Marxism were complementary ideologies. The front also organised an "all India worker's convention" in
1264:
242:
218:
208:
to enable the party to organise with other democratic forces on the lines of a "popular, democratic and patriotic programme" and participate in
1259:
658:
631:
1249:
1198:
1193:
448:
204:
held a conference which sanctioned the formation of an open mass organisation. The idea was conceptualized by the general secretary
349:
267:
270:
but failed to win a single seat. On 19 April 1986, the police opened fire on a protest gathering of landless farmers (primarily
404:
364:. In the 1990 election, the IPF had contested 82 seats and received a vote share of 10.56% on the contested seats. During the
1239:
929:
353:
1047:
897:
796:
467:. Following which the party came out of the underground and eventually disbanded the Indian People's Front in 1994. The
763:
693:
348:
as the candidate. It was also able to win 7 seats and secure the second highest vote share in 14 constituencies in the
89:
427:
and then providing them with protection if they defected preventing it from successfully organising the way it had in
1218:
1072:
1022:
997:
872:
737:
585:
400:
176:
365:
1203:
1208:
540:
392:
341:
263:
950:
388:
337:
283:
1084:
109:(IPF) was a mass front organisation founded in Delhi between 24–26 April 1982. It was conceptualised by
303:
372:, adopting a traditional leftist discourse. On 8 October 1990, a national rally with the slogan of
357:
234:
1269:
916:
Pai, Sudha, ed. (2007). "National
Seminar on Uttar Pradesh in the 1990s: Critical Perspectives".
628:
989:
864:
440:
711:
655:
1136:
436:
213:
172:
48:
415:
at the height of polarisation on the Mandal issue. In Uttar
Pradesh, the party publication
134:
407:. In the same year, four of its members in the Bihar Legislative Assembly defected to the
8:
530:
226:
117:
between 1982–1994. The front primarily worked for the social and economic upliftment of
1172:
970:
845:
485:
222:
209:
168:
94:
36:
423:
of targeting the cadre and lower caste support base of the Indian People's Front with
1068:
1043:
1018:
993:
945:
925:
893:
868:
792:
733:
581:
412:
361:
84:
345:
247:
184:
1157:
1152:
972:
Reinventing
Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India
921:
847:
Reinventing
Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India
767:
712:
Reinventing Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India
662:
635:
560:
420:
43:
183:
was also a member of the central committee. The central committee also included
1177:
424:
396:
180:
918:
Political Process in Uttar Pradesh: Identity, Economic Reforms, and Governance
1233:
1167:
650:
384:
which was noted to be the largest rally in the recorded history of the city.
369:
230:
149:
760:
1162:
1131:
985:
860:
706:
325:
238:
205:
130:
126:
110:
58:
1114:
965:
840:
818:
565:. United States: Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1987. p. 50.
512:
321:
293:
161:
153:
408:
229:. It was intended to project itself as a "national alternative" to the
447:
when its candidate Surjan Singh Joga won the Joga constituency in the
313:
145:
535:
511:
The movement for the restriction and regulation of liquor sales in
432:
288:
814:"Arwal massacre: Bihar CM Bindeshwari Dubey justify police action"
331:
689:
464:
308:
262:
between 4–6 November 1984, in midst of the turmoil following the
259:
118:
505:. Dinesh Singh was a fish seller and the president of the BJJBS.
981:
977:
856:
852:
525:
444:
317:
298:
157:
380:
by the front. In the same month, it organised a mass rally in
352:. Over the years, the front had acquired a large share of the
258:
The Indian People's Front (IPF) held its second conference in
603:"Indian People's Front loses its status as a political party"
578:
President Shankar Dayal Sharma, the Scholar and the Statesman
502:
472:
428:
381:
377:
279:
275:
271:
141:
122:
515:
was also affiliated to the IPF from the founding conference.
129:
sections of society and mobilised them through the means of
286:
in collaboration with private armies and militias of rich
1013:
Dutta, Madhushree; Agnes, Flavia; Adarkar, Neera (1996).
212:. The party had been underground since the imposition of
690:"Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation"
368:, it launched campaigns against price hikes and for the
1067:. New Delhi: Concept Publication Company. p. 192.
1245:
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
1117:
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
892:. New Delhi: Anmol Publication. pp. 5 & 144.
756:
Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation
461:
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
340:, the Indian People's Front (IPF) was able to win the
202:
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
730:
Untouchable!: Voices of the Dalit Liberation Movement
562:
JPRS Report: Near East & South Asia, Issue 92061
1065:
Modern History of Punjab: Relevant Select Documents
1040:
Political Economy and Class Contradictions: A Study
890:
Political Economy and Class Contradictions: A Study
789:
Political Economy and Class Contradictions: A Study
969:
844:
113:and it was operated as the open mass front of the
1012:
395:but was able to send a member to the parliament (
237:. In the beginning, the front was projected as a
1231:
484:The Indian People's Front (IPF) had a number of
715:. London; Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1993. p. 163
332:Mandal commission & Economic liberalisation
274:) which resulted in the deaths of 23 people in
1063:Aggarwal, J. C. (1992). Agarwal, S. P. (ed.).
376:(check prices and give jobs) was organised in
140:It had a significant presence in the state of
1100:
1042:. New Delhi: Anmol Publication. p. 120.
791:. New Delhi: Anmol Publication. p. 114.
580:. New Delhi: Anmol Publication. p. 128.
493:Rickshaw-Thela Chalak Mazdoor Sangha (RTCMS):
431:. On 14 February 1992, in the wake of rising
732:. London: Zed Books Ltd. pp. 101–102.
479:
219:Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)
1255:Defunct political party alliances in India
1107:
1093:
1015:The Nation, the State, and Indian Identity
1199:All India Construction Workers Federation
1194:All India Central Council of Trade Unions
1037:
887:
786:
656:Naxalism Today; At an Ideological Deadend
509:Uttarakhand Popular Anti-Liquor Movement:
499:Bihar Jhuggi-Jhopri Bashi Sangha (BJJBS):
449:1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
1265:Political parties disestablished in 1994
1062:
646:
644:
350:1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election
296:. In August, the IPF organised an armed
268:1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election
187:and Ganauri Azad Harijan, among others.
670:, Volume: 3, No. 1, January- March 1985
1232:
964:
839:
696:from the original on 18 February 2009.
1260:Political parties established in 1982
1088:
911:
909:
811:
782:
780:
778:
776:
751:
749:
727:
641:
575:
167:The leadership of the front included
148:) and also operated in the states of
723:
721:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
600:
501:an organisation of slum dwellers in
253:
1031:
915:
620:
13:
1250:Defunct communist parties in India
906:
773:
746:
439:(farmer's union affiliated to the
14:
1281:
1219:Autonomous State Demand Committee
718:
673:
401:Autonomous State Demand Committee
177:Autonomous State Demand Committee
366:economic liberalisation in India
1204:Revolutionary Youth Association
1056:
1017:. Kolkata: Samya. p. 129.
1006:
958:
938:
881:
833:
805:
266:. It contested 49 seats in the
1209:All India Students Association
812:Ahmed, Farzand (31 May 1986).
700:
594:
569:
553:
541:All India Students Association
454:
264:assassination of Indira Gandhi
1:
601:Farz, Ahmed (31 March 1994).
546:
195:
1240:1982 establishments in Delhi
951:Election Commission of India
389:1991 Indian general election
338:1989 Indian general election
18:Political party in India
7:
1038:Nedumpara, Jose J. (2004).
888:Nedumpara, Jose J. (2004).
787:Nedumpara, Jose J. (2004).
519:
463:held its fifth congress in
391:, the IPF lost the seat of
10:
1286:
766:February 18, 2009, at the
728:Joshi, Barbara R. (1986).
405:Karbi Anglong constituency
304:Bihar Legislative Assembly
190:
1186:
1145:
1124:
175:. The chairperson of the
80:
72:
64:
54:
42:
32:
23:
629:The Life of Vinod Mishra
480:Affiliated organisations
469:Samajik Parivartan Rally
411:under the leadership of
358:Indian National Congress
292:(landlords) such as the
235:Indian National Congress
320:in November 1987, with
144:(including present day
459:In December 1992, the
441:Bharatiya Janata Party
1214:Indian People's Front
1187:Related organisations
1137:Dipankar Bhattacharya
661:9 August 2011 at the
576:Chand, Attar (1992).
437:Bharatiya Kisan Sangh
173:Dipankar Bhattacharya
107:Indian People's Front
49:Dipankar Bhattacharya
26:Indian People's Front
1125:General secretaries
761:30 years of CPI(ML)
531:Bahujan Samaj Party
302:(picketing) of the
227:Chandra Pulla Reddy
1173:Nagbhushan Patnaik
634:2015-09-23 at the
486:unorganised sector
476:the former front.
393:Arrah constituency
374:dam bandho kaam do
342:Arrah constituency
243:Satyanarayan Singh
223:Nagbhushan Patnaik
210:electoral politics
169:Nagbhushan Patnaik
37:Nagbhushan Patnaik
1227:
1226:
1146:Prominent leaders
931:978-81-317-0797-5
488:unions in Bihar.
433:Hindu nationalism
413:Lalu Prasad Yadav
362:Mandal Commission
328:as the convener.
284:police encounters
254:Second conference
103:
102:
90:Political parties
85:Politics of India
1277:
1118:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1049:978-81261-171-85
1035:
1029:
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1004:
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975:
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956:
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899:978-81261-171-85
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798:978-81261-171-85
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648:
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573:
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566:
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356:voters from the
346:Rameshwar Prasad
248:mainstream media
185:Rameshwar Prasad
115:CPIML Liberation
21:
20:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1278:
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1275:
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1230:
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1158:Amar Nath Yadav
1153:Kavita Krishnan
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924:. p. 168.
922:Pearson Longman
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354:Scheduled Caste
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12:
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1270:Popular fronts
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626:Sen, Arindam.
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435:in India, the
425:state violence
399:) through the
397:Jayanta Rongpi
344:in Bihar with
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181:Jayanta Rongpi
133:, rallies and
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231:Indira Gandhi
228:
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214:the Emergency
211:
207:
203:
200:In 1979, the
188:
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150:Uttar Pradesh
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1163:Satyadeo Ram
1132:Vinod Mishra
1064:
1058:
1039:
1033:
1014:
1008:
986:M. E. Sharpe
971:
966:Omvedt, Gail
960:
949:
946:"Bihar 1990"
940:
917:
889:
883:
861:M. E. Sharpe
846:
841:Omvedt, Gail
835:
823:. Retrieved
817:
807:
788:
759:
729:
710:
707:Omvedt, Gail
702:
667:
654:
627:
622:
610:. Retrieved
606:
596:
577:
571:
561:
555:
508:
498:
492:
483:
468:
458:
419:accused the
416:
386:
373:
335:
326:Datta Samant
297:
287:
257:
239:united front
206:Vinod Mishra
199:
166:
139:
127:impoverished
111:Vinod Mishra
106:
104:
59:Vinod Mishra
15:
988:. pp.
863:. pp.
819:India Today
668:The Marxist
612:22 December
607:India Today
513:Uttarakhand
455:Disbandment
322:trade union
294:Ranvir Sena
162:West Bengal
154:Uttarakhand
135:conventions
1234:Categories
547:References
417:Liberation
409:Janata Dal
196:Foundation
68:April 1982
314:Ambernath
289:zamindars
250:sources.
146:Jharkhand
95:Elections
73:Dissolved
44:Secretary
33:President
968:(1993).
843:(1993).
764:Archived
694:Archived
659:Archived
632:Archived
536:Lal Sena
520:See also
119:Adivasis
825:5 April
465:Kolkata
403:in the
387:In the
336:In the
324:leader
316:, near
309:Kolkata
260:Kolkata
221:led by
191:History
65:Founded
55:Founder
1071:
1046:
1021:
996:
982:London
980:&
978:Armonk
928:
896:
871:
867:-208.
857:London
855:&
853:Armonk
795:
736:
584:
526:BAMCEF
445:Punjab
318:Mumbai
299:gherao
272:dalits
158:Punjab
131:unions
123:Dalits
503:Patna
473:Patna
429:Bihar
382:Patna
378:Delhi
280:Bihar
276:Arwal
142:Bihar
1069:ISBN
1044:ISBN
1019:ISBN
994:ISBN
926:ISBN
894:ISBN
869:ISBN
827:2020
793:ISBN
734:ISBN
614:2021
582:ISBN
233:led
225:and
171:and
160:and
125:and
105:The
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