36:
906:
impact and contribute to the endowment's long-term financial stability and growth. Examples of MRIs include loans to mission-aligned non-profit organizations (e.g., charter schools, hospitals or research centers) that are expected to pay back loans with interest, as well as investments in for-profit social impact companies, social impact funds, socially responsible fixed income (bond) funds, impact-oriented private equity funds and public equity portfolios (stocks).
3715:
3271:
3723:
3283:
1012:
enterprises, enterprises which promote gender equality through hiring, women in positions of authority, or in their supply chain, as well as supporting services which support, empower and develop capacity of women. Gender lens investing was created in response to the difficulty which woman face in accessing capital, as women globally have less access and higher barriers to obtaining capital.
797:", or "patient capital", impact investments are structured similarly to those in the rest of the venture capital community. Investors may take an active role mentoring or leading the growth of the company, similar to the way a venture capital firm assists in the growth of an early-stage company. Hedge funds and private equity funds may also pursue impact investing strategies.
553:"made into companies, organizations, and funds with the intention to generate a measurable, beneficial social or environmental impact alongside a financial return". At its core, impact investing is about an alignment of an investor's beliefs and values with the allocation of capital to address social and/or environmental issues.
1027:
Gender lens investing is growing rapidly. More than 100 funds are open to private investors. In 2018 the number of gender lens assets under management grow by 40% according to analysis by Veris Wealth
Partners. Demand is rising with major banks offering gender lens bonds including NAG, Goldman Sachs,
800:
Impact investment "accelerators" also exist for seed- and growth-stage social enterprises. Similar to seed-stage accelerators for traditional startups, impact investment accelerators provide smaller amounts of capital than Series A financings or larger impact investment deals. Most "impact investment
688:
estimated that the impact investing industry could grow from around US$ 50 billion in assets to $ 500 billion in assets within the subsequent decade. Such capital may be deployed using a range of investment instruments, including equity, debt, real assets, loan guarantees, and others. The growth of
905:
Mission-related investments (MRIs) are investments, generally made from endowments, into mission-driven organizations that are expected to generate market-rate financial returns comparable to an ordinary investment of a similar type and risk profile. MRIs are designed to have both a positive social
896:
Program-related investments (PRIs) are investments, usually by foundations, into below-market rate or concessionary investments that are primarily made to achieve charitable or "programmatic" objectives rather than financial objectives. This category includes recoverable grants, below-market-rate
804:
Large corporations are also emerging as powerful mechanisms for impact investing. Companies that seek to create shared value through developing new products/services, or positively impacting their operations, are beginning to employ impact investments through their value chain, particularly their
696:
As of 2015, impact investing was still only a small market when compared to the global equity market, estimated at US$ 61 trillion (market capitalization of domestic listed companies) by the World Bank. Impact investors managed US$ 114 billion in impact investing assets, a figure that serves as a
1011:
is a subsection of Impact
Investing, and refers to investments which are "made into companies, organizations, and funds with the explicit intent to create a positive impact on gender". Investments which promote gender equity and address gender based issues can be made by investing in gender led
971:
Impact
Investing in Asia is a burgeoning sector with many funds currently in play. In South East Asia, from 2007 to 2017, US$ 904 million impact capital was deployed by Private Impact Investors (PIIs) and US$ 11.9 million was deployed by Development Finance Institutions (DFIs).
1019:
magazine reported that just 2.2% of all venture capital went to female founders. Taken together, all female founders raised less in capital than one e-cigarette manufacturer. Some have gone to great lengths to avoid experiencing gender discrimination. In 2017 the
1724:
954:
Web-based investing platforms, which offer lower-cost investing services, also exist. As equity deals can be prohibitively expensive for small-scale transactions, microfinance loans, rather than equity investment, are prevalent in these platforms.
839:
Governments and international institutions need to do more if they truly seek to 'unlock' private sector capital in a meaningful way. They have to ask themselves the following questions: what are the concrete legal, regulatory, financial and
801:
accelerators" are nonprofits, raising grants from donors to pay for business development services; however, commercially orientated accelerators providing investment readiness and capital-raising advisory services are emerging.
1731:
848:? How can we improve emerging industry standards for impact measurement and help pension trustees steer more long-term capital towards valuable economic endeavors at home and abroad, while, simultaneously, ensuring fair
614:, debt, and fixed income. Impact investments can be made in either emerging or developed markets, and depending on the goals of the investors, can "target a range of returns from below-market to above-market rates".
869:'s internal audit of its investments in 2011 uncovered an investment in a private prison that was directly contrary to the foundation's mission, the foundation developed and then began to advocate for a four-part
914:
Impact investing historically took place through mechanisms aimed at institutional investors. However, there are ways for individuals to participate in providing early stage or growth funding to such ventures.
1220:
1638:
2181:
1513:
3702:
946:
focused on impact, where individuals invest as a syndicate also exist. Examples include
Investors' Circle in the US, Clearly Social Angels in the United Kingdom and the global investor network Toniic.
1157:
672:
The term "impact investing" was coined in 2005 by Mark
Zapletal of Wartenberg Trust in his presentation "Impact Investing, a Door to Sustainable Philanthropy", at the Global Family Office Summit in
2251:
963:
was an early United States provider of such services which ceased taking on new loans in 2014, stating that its results "haven't scaled to the widespread social impact we aspire to achieve".
2117:
808:
Impact investing can help organizations become self-sufficient by enabling them to carry out their projects and initiatives without having to rely heavily on donations and state subsidies.
1930:
861:
Mission investments are investments made by foundations and other mission-based organizations to further their philanthropic goals, either with a portion or with the entirety of their
1876:
1543:
1331:
1242:
897:
loans, R&D or seed stage equity investments (stock), loan guarantees and volume guarantees. For private foundations, PRIs count towards the required 5 percent annual payout.
743:
sector) may be non-existent. Although some social enterprises are nonprofits, impact investing typically involves for-profit, social- or environmental-mission-driven businesses.
865:. They include any type of investment that is intended and designed to generate both a measurable social or environmental benefit and a financial return. For example, after the
716:, can also be considered impact investors, because they allocate a portion of their portfolio to investments that deliver financial as well as social or environmental benefits.
1789:
2148:
1193:
676:. A commitment to measuring social and environmental performance, with the same rigor as that applied to financial performance, is a critical component of impact investing.
1960:
1407:
769:, which is a UK-based specialist in environmental impact investing, Sarasin and Partners, which has a history of pressing investee companies on sustainability issues, and
642:
to express their values exists, and such investing behavior is usually defined by the avoidance of investments in specific companies or activities with negative effects.
1382:
1217:
959:, founded in 2006, allowed retail investors to loan to small businesses in African countries via local intermediaries, though the service permanently closed in 2019.
1630:
2171:
2018:
1505:
1277:
1760:
1443:
1149:
3249:
1087:
1668:
780:
India is emerging as a major geography for impact investors according to consulting firm, McKinsey, with over $ 1.1 billion already invested as of 2016.
3185:
866:
2234:
2084:
2109:
997:
811:
There has been a growing interest in impact investing from faith-based investors, as they seek to align their investments with their core beliefs.
3449:
3342:
1987:
1914:
1570:
3210:
2509:
2273:
793:
Impact investments occur across asset classes and investment amounts. Among the best-known mechanism is private equity or venture capital. "
3409:
3122:
1535:
1324:
1250:
533:
1609:
2869:
2211:
1357:
Family Office
Fundamentals - Human Capital Matters: The Principals' Guide to Creating, Staffing and Future-Proofing Your Family Office
1782:
3755:
3718:
2319:
2140:
1952:
1182:
1483:
1418:
2819:
684:
The number of funds engaged in impact investing grew quickly over a five-year period, and a 2009 report from research firm the
3238:
1379:
832:
646:
400:
3760:
870:
751:
709:
1841:
1024:
reported on the founders of
Witchsy who created an imaginary third male founder in order to converse with male investors.
3335:
3221:
3099:
3019:
2859:
2834:
2010:
1603:
1364:
1308:
877:
635:
2768:
1819:
1273:
993:
934:
offers 11 environmental, social and governance index ETFs, including popular low-carbon and sustainability indexes.
657:
began as measurements of non-financial effects, both inside and outside of corporations. In 2000, Baruch Lev of the
3147:
3104:
2344:
1756:
1451:
731:, because impact investments are typically debt or equity investments over US$ 1,000—with longer-than-traditional
3142:
2824:
2753:
2692:
2485:
2377:
881:
849:
820:
705:
650:
580:
526:
1094:
3726:
3546:
3476:
3328:
3064:
2962:
2497:
1067:
693:, which have been characterized as unsustainable and driven by the goals—or whims—of the corresponding donors.
639:
375:
1660:
669:
in a book of the same name, which furthered thinking about the non-financial effects of corporate production.
3434:
3308:
3287:
3255:
3132:
3059:
502:
324:
3692:
3455:
3044:
2312:
2073:
927:
827:
and other large asset owners to co-invest with them in impact-informed assets and projects, notably in the
766:
3627:
3152:
3084:
2460:
2040:
1062:
746:
Organizations receiving impact investment capital may be set up legally as a for-profit, not-for profit,
50:
3466:
2854:
2475:
2354:
1983:
1566:
1126:
755:
519:
276:
701:. The largest sectors by asset allocation were microfinance, energy, housing, and financial services.
3414:
3383:
3054:
2849:
2687:
2339:
690:
385:
3622:
3536:
2987:
2864:
2829:
2578:
2568:
2542:
662:
835:
and other US and
European experts have welcome this course of action, insisting nonetheless that:
3745:
3697:
3682:
3656:
3651:
3501:
3429:
3371:
3275:
3049:
2892:
2702:
2674:
2397:
2387:
2305:
1183:"G20 Nations Shifting the Trillions: Impact Investing, Green Infrastructure and Inclusive Growth"
736:
627:
569:
205:
689:
impact investing is partly attributed to the criticism of traditional forms of philanthropy and
3677:
3591:
3301:
3294:
3114:
3069:
3024:
2839:
2803:
2793:
2588:
2563:
2547:
2532:
2514:
794:
557:
350:
1696:
1015:
Female entrepreneurs have routinely struggled to attract capital from male investors. In 2019
3491:
3351:
3192:
3137:
3094:
2977:
2952:
2917:
2593:
1593:
1008:
697:
best-available "floor" for the size of the impact investing market, according to GIIN's 2017
482:
395:
2203:
1872:
3481:
3377:
3157:
3127:
3079:
3074:
2997:
2902:
2798:
2621:
2480:
2465:
2440:
2425:
2382:
1725:"Bridging the "Pioneer Gap": The Role of Accelerators in Launching High-Impact Enterprises"
923:
623:
329:
232:
8:
3750:
3444:
3089:
2972:
2967:
2712:
2631:
2450:
2430:
2420:
1047:
862:
758:, or other designations that may vary by country. In much of Europe, these are known as "
747:
588:
507:
1898:
Berliner, Peter; Spruill, Vikki (September 2013). "The Many Forms of Impact
Investing".
873:
conceptualized as Human
Capital, Natural Capital, Civic Capital, and Financial Capital.
16:
Investing in enterprises aiming at creating social/environmental impact alongside profit
3646:
3556:
3521:
3034:
3029:
2664:
2626:
2583:
2502:
1042:
1037:
654:
497:
455:
440:
410:
334:
262:
179:
57:
45:
876:
Foundations that make investments aligned with related philanthropic work include the
3517:
3243:
3226:
3197:
2992:
2876:
2682:
2435:
2372:
2243:
1922:
1684:
1599:
1475:
1360:
1304:
759:
430:
425:
415:
360:
186:
154:
3565:
3399:
3167:
3039:
2907:
2733:
2707:
2659:
2654:
2636:
2573:
2524:
2445:
2415:
2410:
2367:
666:
561:
472:
445:
315:
291:
286:
247:
227:
191:
139:
27:
930:
are publicly traded and hence available to anyone with a stock brokerage account.
3606:
3596:
3586:
3581:
3561:
3359:
3002:
2912:
2897:
2763:
2728:
2537:
1386:
1224:
1052:
989:
885:
740:
732:
611:
596:
435:
420:
380:
196:
134:
95:
90:
35:
3640:
3551:
3541:
2927:
2844:
2778:
2773:
2492:
2470:
2405:
2328:
1849:
1057:
985:
943:
607:
573:
450:
355:
305:
267:
159:
106:
100:
80:
75:
2172:"World Bank urged to rethink investment in one of Brazil's big beef companies"
2110:"How Gates' Strategic Investment Fund gets companies to take on global health"
3739:
3636:
3601:
3486:
3461:
3424:
3389:
3232:
2957:
2942:
2937:
2922:
2743:
2697:
2455:
2247:
1926:
1229:
845:
685:
673:
603:
390:
365:
217:
164:
2235:"Female entrepreneurs invent male co-founder to avoid sexist discrimination"
3687:
3632:
3439:
3205:
2603:
2362:
2176:
828:
824:
770:
720:
592:
584:
565:
492:
467:
237:
129:
124:
115:
85:
1815:
1301:
Impact Investing: Transforming How We Make Money While Making a Difference
591:
have played a leading role in the development of impact investing. Under
3661:
3419:
2788:
2783:
2748:
2611:
819:
Governments and national and international public institutions including
774:
728:
631:
487:
300:
257:
252:
242:
149:
66:
3320:
3526:
3496:
3404:
3394:
2947:
2932:
2758:
2738:
2144:
981:
960:
1405:
992:
funds, but only investments with developmental impact. According to a
823:
have sought to leverage their impact-oriented policies by encouraging
3216:
3162:
2616:
841:
724:
550:
3009:
1243:"Lessons Learned from Microfinance for the Impact Investing Sector"
212:
1595:
Investing To Save The Planet: How Your Money Can Make a Difference
1150:"Can Silicon Valley Leaders Help Solve The Global Food Challenge?"
814:
2982:
2297:
1000:
venture capital has been dominating the impact investment space.
713:
462:
405:
2646:
2141:"Omidyar Network CEO opens up about VC-influenced Philanthropy"
1123:
GridShare – Equity based renewable energy crowdfunding platform
577:
556:
Impact investors actively seek to place capital in businesses,
2048:
1915:"In Fledgling Exchange-Traded Fund, Striking a Blow for Women"
1506:"Why impact investing may flourish in the age of Donald Trump"
626:—was an attempt to minimize the negative social consequences (
3471:
2113:
144:
1218:
The Catholic church dabbles with impact investing Some Worry
1118:
956:
931:
370:
1658:
980:
Impact investing organizations and funds also make equity
658:
3187:
UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)
2074:"The Landscape for impact investing in South East Asia"
1406:
Jessica Freireich and Katherine Fulton (January 2009).
777:-based manager which focuses on sustainability issues.
735:
payment times—and an "exit strategy" (traditionally an
1631:"Impact investing finds its place in India | McKinsey"
2271:
1093:. The Global Impact Investing Network. Archived from
975:
900:
891:
2274:"Gender Lens Investing Assets Rise 41% In Past Year"
2170:
Heal, Alexandra; Wasley, Andrew (10 December 2019).
1900:
Community Foundation Field Guide to Impact Investing
1783:"Engaging Faith-Based Investors in Impact Investing"
599:
has seen an increased interest in impact investing.
1274:"Impact investing: making money the charitable way"
856:
2233:
909:
1325:"Transcript from Intangible assets by Baruch Lev"
949:
783:
622:Historically, regulation—and to a lesser extent,
3737:
998:Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania
937:
3450:Qualifying investor alternative investment fund
1953:"Investors' Circle Continues Its Upward Spiral"
1897:
1408:"Investing for Environmental and Social Impact"
815:Increased supranational and pension cooperation
3211:Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
1476:"What You Need to Know about Impact Investing"
1444:"Impact investing for sustainable development"
1359:(1 ed.). Independent Publishing Network.
3336:
2313:
527:
3410:Labour-sponsored venture capital corporation
1497:
1401:
1399:
1247:Impact Investing Policy Collaborative (IIPC)
765:The main activists in this market have been
2163:
1298:
1119:"GridShare – Renewable Energy Crowdfunding"
966:
3722:
3343:
3329:
3282:
2320:
2306:
2169:
2132:
1870:
1757:"Unpacking the Impact in Impact Investing"
1716:
1659:Financial Advisor Magazine (2 June 2010).
1470:
1468:
871:ethical framework to endowment investments
788:
534:
520:
3350:
3222:Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
2002:
1396:
1380:Is 'Impact Investing' Just Bad Economics?
1265:
3250:UN Conference on Sustainable Development
2231:
1912:
1564:
1436:
1003:
926:like the SPDR Gender Diversity ETF from
918:
2068:
2066:
1975:
1661:"Wealthy Attracted To Impact Investing"
1528:
1465:
1373:
1176:
1174:
719:Impact investing is distinguished from
3738:
2820:Corporate environmental responsibility
2272:Veris Wealth Partners (Nov 14, 2017).
2107:
1944:
1652:
1503:
1354:
1180:
3324:
2301:
2151:from the original on 28 December 2019
2101:
1981:
1950:
1822:from the original on 29 November 2014
1722:
1567:"Social enterprise start-ups blossom"
1558:
1303:(1 ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
1271:
1181:Firzli, M. Nicolas J. (7 July 2017).
1147:
634:) of business activities. However, a
3193:Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983)
2138:
2120:from the original on 24 October 2019
2108:Cheney, Catherine (16 August 2018).
2063:
1963:from the original on 13 October 2014
1813:
1591:
1573:from the original on 10 January 2012
1171:
1088:"2017 Annual Impact Investor Survey"
752:Low-profit limited liability company
710:Commonwealth Development Corporation
2184:from the original on 8 January 2020
2021:from the original on 26 August 2018
2008:
1711:Hedge Funds and Other Private Funds
1703:
1516:from the original on 18 August 2017
1129:from the original on April 19, 2019
878:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
645:Simultaneously, approaches such as
572:. Institutional investors, notably
13:
2835:Environmental full-cost accounting
2327:
2011:"5 Key Trends In Impact Investing"
1879:from the original on June 16, 2018
1842:"Introduction to Net Contribution"
1199:from the original on 2 August 2017
976:Private equity and venture capital
901:Mission-related investments (MRIs)
892:Program-related investments (PRIs)
564:, housing, healthcare, education,
560:, and funds in industries such as
14:
3772:
2769:Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
1795:from the original on 25 June 2020
1730:. Aspen Institute. Archived from
1671:from the original on 16 June 2018
1546:from the original on 16 June 2018
1280:from the original on 30 June 2015
3721:
3714:
3713:
3281:
3270:
3269:
3239:UN Millennium Declaration (2000)
2204:"What is gender lens investing?"
1763:from the original on 6 July 2015
1272:Hayat, Usman (4 November 2012).
857:Mission investing by foundations
821:development finance institutions
706:development finance institutions
581:development finance institutions
34:
3756:Corporate social responsibility
2825:Corporate social responsibility
2754:Ocean thermal energy conversion
2693:Community-supported agriculture
2378:Human impact on the environment
2265:
2254:from the original on 2020-08-10
2225:
2214:from the original on 2019-04-14
2196:
2139:Bade, Scott (28 October 2019).
2090:from the original on 2019-01-10
2033:
1990:from the original on 2014-09-29
1933:from the original on 2019-09-06
1906:
1891:
1864:
1834:
1807:
1775:
1749:
1641:from the original on 2020-01-27
1623:
1612:from the original on 2023-07-01
1585:
1565:Sherwood, Bob (4 August 2011).
1536:"Impact investing how it works"
1486:from the original on 2019-10-22
1348:
1337:from the original on 2018-03-24
1160:from the original on 2018-06-23
1028:Merrill Lynch and many others.
910:Impact investing by individuals
882:Soros Economic Development Fund
651:corporate social responsibility
602:Impact investing occurs across
277:Over-the-counter (off-exchange)
3547:Socially responsible investing
3477:Split capital investment trust
3065:Socially responsible marketing
1818:. Mission Investors Exchange.
1709:Lemke, Lins, Hoenig and Rube,
1317:
1292:
1235:
1211:
1141:
1111:
1080:
1068:Socially responsible investing
950:Digital microfinance platforms
784:Institutional impact investing
640:socially responsible investing
638:of individual investors using
617:
1:
3435:Open-ended investment company
3256:Sustainable Development Goals
3060:Socially responsible business
2232:McGoogan, Cara (2018-03-05).
1913:Sullivan, Paul (2016-03-04).
1299:Bugg-Levine, Anthony (2011).
1073:
938:Syndicate or pooled investing
844:concerns facing pension fund
771:Triodos Investment Management
737:initial public offering (IPO)
699:Annual Impact Investor Survey
503:Sustainable development goals
3693:Returns-based style analysis
3456:Real estate investment trust
1984:"Making good and doing good"
1951:Field, Anne (1 April 2013).
1871:James Chen (June 13, 2021).
1713:, §6:43 (Thomson West, 2013)
1504:Morata, Ed (21 April 2017).
767:Impax Asset Management Group
739:or buyout in the for-profit
7:
3761:Economy and the environment
3628:Efficient-market hypothesis
3085:Sustainability organization
2870:Standards and certification
2461:Social return on investment
2009:Say, My (5 February 2013).
1982:Cohen, Norma (2013-03-22).
1723:Baird, Ross (1 June 2013).
1063:Social return on investment
1031:
679:
10:
3777:
3467:Short-term investment fund
2510:Systemic change resistance
2041:"The Future of Microplace"
756:Community interest company
3711:
3670:
3615:
3574:
3510:
3415:Listed investment company
3384:Fonds commun de placement
3358:
3265:
3176:
3113:
2885:
2812:
2721:
2688:Climate-smart agriculture
2673:
2645:
2602:
2556:
2523:
2396:
2353:
2335:
1816:"About Mission Investing"
691:international development
386:Diversification (finance)
3623:Arbitrage pricing theory
2830:Environmental accounting
2579:Sustainable architecture
2569:Environmental technology
1190:Revue Analyse Financière
967:Impact investing in Asia
665:collated thinking about
663:Stern School of Business
3698:Traditional investments
3683:Commodity pool operator
3657:Noisy market hypothesis
3652:Modern portfolio theory
3502:Unitised insurance fund
3430:Open-ended fund company
3372:Common contractual fund
2703:Sustainable agriculture
1986:. The Financial Times.
789:Institutional investors
628:unintended consequences
570:sustainable agriculture
3678:Alternative investment
3592:Institutional investor
3246:(Rio+10, Johannesburg)
3115:Sustainable management
3100:Urban drainage systems
2840:Environmental planning
2804:Water recycling shower
2794:Tidal stream generator
2589:Sustainable industries
2548:Sustainable population
2533:Demographic transition
2515:Tragedy of the commons
1249:. 2013. Archived from
854:
852:for future pensioners?
833:World Pensions Council
795:Social venture capital
708:, such as the British
351:Alternative investment
3492:Unit investment trust
3352:Investment management
3138:Humanistic capitalism
2953:Environmental finance
2594:Sustainable packaging
1355:Somers, Mark (2023).
1148:Rodriguez, Giovanni.
1009:Gender lens investing
1004:Gender lens investing
924:Exchange-traded funds
919:Exchange-traded funds
850:risk-adjusted returns
837:
483:Investment management
396:Environmental finance
3482:Tax transparent fund
3378:Exchange-traded fund
3105:Urban infrastructure
2799:Water heat recycling
2622:Conservation biology
2466:Steady-state economy
2441:Micro-sustainability
2426:Ecological footprint
2383:Planetary boundaries
2210:. 22 December 2016.
1592:Ross, Alice (2020).
647:pollution prevention
3537:Manager of managers
3445:Private-equity fund
3206:Earth Summit (1992)
2860:Metrics and indices
2713:Sustainable fishery
2632:Holocene extinction
2451:Product stewardship
2421:Earth Overshoot Day
2051:on 6 September 2015
1569:. Financial Times.
1276:. Financial Times.
1253:on 17 December 2013
1048:Financial inclusion
748:Benefit corporation
508:Sustainable finance
22:Part of a series on
3647:Martingale pricing
3557:Thematic investing
3522:passive management
2665:Sustainable energy
2627:Endangered species
2584:Sustainable design
2498:Consumer behaviour
1919:The New York Times
1873:"Impact Investing"
1695:has generic name (
1385:2020-10-15 at the
1223:2017-08-19 at the
1043:Double bottom line
1038:Effective altruism
760:social enterprises
655:triple bottom line
498:Speculative attack
263:Structured product
3733:
3732:
3511:Investment styles
3318:
3317:
3244:Earth Summit 2002
3227:Lisbon Principles
3199:Our Common Future
2877:Sustainable yield
2683:Civic agriculture
2436:Green consumption
2373:Global governance
1814:Berliner, Peter.
1415:Monitor Institute
984:like traditional
667:intangible assets
544:
543:
371:Banks and banking
361:Asset (economics)
187:Credit derivative
155:Stock certificate
28:Financial markets
3768:
3725:
3724:
3717:
3716:
3566:growth investing
3532:Impact investing
3400:Investment trust
3345:
3338:
3331:
3322:
3321:
3285:
3284:
3273:
3272:
3217:Agenda 21 (1992)
3188:
3153:Natural resource
3040:Organic movement
3015:Impact investing
2734:Hydroelectricity
2708:Sustainable diet
2660:Renewable energy
2655:Carbon footprint
2637:Invasive species
2574:Natural building
2525:World population
2486:Marketing myopia
2446:Over-consumption
2416:Circular economy
2411:Anti-consumerism
2368:Environmentalism
2322:
2315:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2237:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2089:
2078:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2047:. Archived from
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1848:. Archived from
1846:Heron Foundation
1838:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1794:
1787:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1737:on 17 April 2016
1736:
1729:
1720:
1714:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1635:www.mckinsey.com
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1450:. Archived from
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1424:on 30 March 2017
1423:
1417:. Archived from
1412:
1403:
1394:
1393:, April 22, 2014
1377:
1371:
1370:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1336:
1329:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1239:
1233:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1198:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1099:
1092:
1084:
867:Heron Foundation
562:renewable energy
547:Impact investing
536:
529:
522:
478:Impact investing
473:Growth investing
206:Foreign exchange
192:Futures exchange
140:Registered share
38:
19:
18:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3707:
3666:
3611:
3607:Performance fee
3597:Net asset value
3587:Fund governance
3582:Closed-end fund
3570:
3506:
3363:
3361:
3354:
3349:
3319:
3314:
3261:
3186:
3178:
3177:Agreements and
3172:
3109:
2913:Climate finance
2881:
2808:
2764:Reclaimed water
2717:
2669:
2641:
2598:
2552:
2538:Family planning
2519:
2392:
2349:
2331:
2326:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2283:
2281:
2280:(Press release)
2270:
2266:
2257:
2255:
2230:
2226:
2217:
2215:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2106:
2102:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2054:
2052:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1949:
1945:
1936:
1934:
1911:
1907:
1896:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1869:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1825:
1823:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1721:
1717:
1708:
1704:
1692:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1672:
1657:
1653:
1644:
1642:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1615:
1613:
1606:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1563:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1502:
1498:
1489:
1487:
1474:
1473:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1448:Partners Global
1442:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1410:
1404:
1397:
1387:Wayback Machine
1378:
1374:
1367:
1353:
1349:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1225:Wayback Machine
1216:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1185:
1179:
1172:
1163:
1161:
1146:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1053:Social business
1034:
1006:
990:venture capital
978:
969:
952:
944:angel investors
940:
921:
912:
903:
894:
886:Ford Foundation
859:
817:
791:
786:
733:venture capital
723:sites, such as
682:
620:
612:venture capital
606:; for example,
597:Catholic Church
540:
381:Climate finance
310:
296:
224:
223:
203:
202:
197:Hybrid security
135:Preferred stock
105:
96:High-yield debt
91:Government bond
17:
12:
11:
5:
3774:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3746:Social finance
3731:
3730:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3674:
3672:
3671:Related topics
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3630:
3625:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3559:
3554:
3552:Social trading
3549:
3544:
3542:Social finance
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3368:
3366:
3356:
3355:
3348:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3325:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3279:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3253:
3252:(Rio+20, 2012)
3247:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3203:
3195:
3190:
3182:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2998:Infrastructure
2995:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2928:Eco-capitalism
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2845:Sustainability
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2816:
2814:
2813:Accountability
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2471:Sustainability
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2406:Anthropization
2402:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2359:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2329:Sustainability
2325:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2302:
2291:
2290:
2264:
2224:
2195:
2162:
2131:
2100:
2062:
2032:
2001:
1974:
1943:
1905:
1890:
1863:
1852:on 19 May 2019
1833:
1806:
1774:
1748:
1715:
1702:
1651:
1622:
1605:978-0241457238
1604:
1584:
1557:
1527:
1496:
1464:
1435:
1395:
1372:
1366:978-1803525471
1365:
1347:
1316:
1310:978-0470907214
1309:
1291:
1264:
1234:
1210:
1170:
1140:
1110:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1058:Social finance
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1033:
1030:
1005:
1002:
986:private equity
977:
974:
968:
965:
951:
948:
939:
936:
920:
917:
911:
908:
902:
899:
893:
890:
858:
855:
816:
813:
805:supply chain.
790:
787:
785:
782:
681:
678:
619:
616:
608:private equity
574:North American
542:
541:
539:
538:
531:
524:
516:
513:
512:
511:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
459:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
356:Angel investor
353:
345:
344:
340:
339:
338:
337:
332:
327:
319:
318:
312:
311:
309:
308:
303:
297:
295:
294:
289:
283:
280:
279:
273:
272:
271:
270:
268:Swap (finance)
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
222:
221:
215:
208:
204:
201:
200:
194:
189:
182:
178:
175:
174:
170:
169:
168:
167:
162:
160:Stock exchange
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
119:
118:
112:
111:
110:
109:
107:Securitization
103:
101:Municipal bond
98:
93:
88:
83:
81:Corporate bond
78:
76:Bond valuation
70:
69:
63:
62:
61:
60:
48:
40:
39:
31:
30:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3773:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3728:
3720:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3602:Open-end fund
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3487:Umbrella fund
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3462:Royalty trust
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3425:Offshore fund
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3390:Fund of funds
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3357:
3353:
3346:
3341:
3339:
3334:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3233:Earth Charter
3231:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3123:Environmental
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3055:Refurbishment
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3045:Organizations
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2958:Green economy
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2943:Eco-socialism
2941:
2939:
2938:Eco-investing
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2923:Disinvestment
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
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2963:Construction
2886:Applications
2604:Biodiversity
2363:Anthropocene
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2177:The Guardian
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624:philanthropy
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593:Pope Francis
566:microfinance
555:
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545:
493:Market trend
477:
468:Greenwashing
325:Participants
130:Growth stock
125:Common stock
116:Stock market
86:Fixed income
54:
3662:Yield curve
3575:Terminology
3527:Hedge Funds
3420:Mutual fund
3360:Investment
3179:conferences
3050:Procurement
2993:Development
2893:Advertising
2855:Measurement
2789:Tidal power
2784:Small hydro
2749:Micro hydro
2612:Biosecurity
2564:Appropriate
2493:Sustainable
2476:Advertising
2398:Consumption
2388:Development
2278:PR Newswire
2081:thegiin.org
1826:19 November
1675:15 December
1598:. Penguin.
1428:15 December
1257:16 December
982:investments
775:Netherlands
729:Kickstarter
618:Development
551:investments
488:Market risk
301:Spot market
258:Reinsurance
253:Real estate
243:Mutual fund
180:Derivatives
150:Stockbroker
67:Bond market
3751:Investment
3740:Categories
3497:Unit trust
3405:Hedge fund
3395:Index fund
3364:structures
3070:Sanitation
3025:Livelihood
2948:Ecovillage
2933:Eco-cities
2850:Accounting
2759:Pico hydro
2739:Hydropower
2557:Technology
2355:Principles
2284:2020-01-06
2258:2020-01-06
2218:2019-01-10
2145:TechCrunch
2094:2019-01-10
2045:Microplace
1937:2016-12-17
1799:12 January
1645:2020-01-27
1616:2020-12-05
1490:2017-08-17
1458:2015-04-16
1341:2014-05-02
1164:2018-03-09
1104:2017-03-14
1074:References
994:2021 study
961:Microplace
942:Groups of
589:endowments
558:nonprofits
549:refers to
330:Regulation
58:Securities
3641:Convexity
3163:Recycling
3158:Planetary
3148:Materials
3143:Landscape
3128:Fisheries
3095:Transport
3020:Landscape
3003:Marketing
2978:Gardening
2918:Community
2865:Reporting
2729:Footprint
2617:Biosphere
2248:0307-1235
2188:8 January
2155:8 January
2124:8 January
2055:1 October
2025:8 October
1994:8 October
1967:8 October
1927:0362-4331
1741:8 October
1577:8 October
1520:17 August
1284:14 August
1192:. Paris.
1022:Telegraph
863:endowment
842:fiduciary
725:Indiegogo
431:corporate
406:Financial
228:Commodity
3719:Category
3637:Duration
3276:Category
3075:Sourcing
3010:Greening
2903:Business
2779:Security
2774:Scarcity
2252:Archived
2212:Archived
2182:Archived
2149:Archived
2118:Archived
2085:Archived
2019:Archived
1988:Archived
1961:Archived
1931:Archived
1877:Archived
1820:Archived
1790:Archived
1788:. GIIN.
1761:Archived
1759:. SSIR.
1685:cite web
1669:Archived
1639:Archived
1610:Archived
1571:Archived
1544:Archived
1514:Archived
1484:Archived
1480:The GIIN
1383:Archived
1332:Archived
1278:Archived
1221:Archived
1194:Archived
1158:Archived
1133:March 8,
1127:Archived
1032:See also
680:Industry
674:New York
578:European
456:services
446:personal
441:forecast
411:analysis
335:Clearing
287:Forwards
213:Currency
51:Exchange
3452:(QIAIF)
3309:Degrees
3302:Studies
3295:Science
3090:Tourism
2983:Geopark
2973:Finance
2968:Fashion
2543:Control
2431:Ethical
2340:Outline
1767:14 July
1550:14 July
1017:Fortune
996:by the
754:(L3C),
741:startup
714:Norfund
636:history
463:Fintech
426:betting
416:analyst
316:Trading
292:Options
3616:Theory
3518:Active
3458:(REIT)
3258:(2015)
3235:(2000)
3229:(1997)
3213:(1992)
3201:(1987)
3133:Forest
3035:Market
3030:Living
2647:Energy
2503:Market
2246:
2015:Forbes
1957:Forbes
1925:
1856:19 May
1665:NASDAQ
1602:
1510:Forbes
1391:Forbes
1363:
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1203:7 July
1154:Forbes
884:, and
653:, and
595:, the
568:, and
451:public
248:Option
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3703:UCITS
3562:Value
3472:SICAV
3386:(FCP)
3380:(ETF)
3374:(CCF)
3288:Lists
3168:Waste
3080:Space
2988:Green
2722:Water
2481:Brand
2345:Index
2114:Devex
2088:(PDF)
2077:(PDF)
1793:(PDF)
1786:(PDF)
1735:(PDF)
1728:(PDF)
1422:(PDF)
1411:(PDF)
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421:asset
306:Swaps
238:Money
145:Stock
3727:List
3362:fund
2908:City
2675:Food
2244:ISSN
2190:2020
2157:2020
2126:2020
2057:2015
2027:2014
1996:2014
1969:2014
1923:ISSN
1885:2021
1858:2019
1828:2014
1801:2020
1769:2015
1743:2014
1697:help
1677:2013
1600:ISBN
1579:2014
1552:2015
1522:2017
1430:2013
1361:ISBN
1305:ISBN
1286:2014
1259:2013
1205:2017
1135:2018
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932:MSCI
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