Hoover Dam - Knowledge

1270:. Holes were driven into the walls and base of the canyon, as deep as 150 feet (46 m) into the rock, and any cavities encountered were to be filled with grout. This was done to stabilize the rock, to prevent water from seeping past the dam through the canyon rock, and to limit "uplift"—upward pressure from water seeping under the dam. The workers were under severe time constraints due to the beginning of the concrete pour. When they encountered hot springs or cavities too large to readily fill, they moved on without resolving the problem. A total of 58 of the 393 holes were incompletely filled. After the dam was completed and the lake began to fill, large numbers of significant leaks caused the Bureau of Reclamation to examine the situation. It found that the work had been incompletely done, and was based on less than a full understanding of the canyon's geology. New holes were drilled from inspection galleries inside the dam into the surrounding bedrock. It took nine years (1938–47) under relative secrecy to complete the supplemental grout curtain. 1255:. Falling objects were the most common cause of death on the dam site; the high scalers' work thus helped ensure worker safety. One high scaler was able to save a life in a more direct manner: when a government inspector lost his grip on a safety line and began tumbling down a slope towards almost certain death, a high scaler was able to intercept him and pull him into the air. The construction site had become a magnet for tourists. The high scalers were prime attractions and showed off for the watchers. The high scalers received considerable media attention, with one worker dubbed the "Human Pendulum" for swinging co-workers (and, at other times, cases of dynamite) across the canyon. To protect themselves against falling objects, some high scalers dipped cloth hats in tar and allowed them to harden. When workers wearing such headgear were struck hard enough to inflict broken jaws, they sustained no skull damage. Six Companies ordered thousands of what initially were called "hard boiled hats" (later " 1120: 2031:. In 1995, a new visitors' center was built, and the following year, visits exceeded one million for the first time. The dam closed again to the public on September 11, 2001; modified tours were resumed in December and a new "Discovery Tour" was added the following year. Today, nearly a million people per year take the tours of the dam offered by the Bureau of Reclamation. Increased security concerns by the government have led to most of the interior structure's being inaccessible to tourists. As a result, few of True's decorations can now be seen by visitors. Visitors can only purchase tickets on-site and have the options of a guided tour of the whole facility or only the power plant area. The only self-guided tour option is for the visitor center itself, where visitors can view various exhibits and enjoy a 360-degree view of the dam. 1566:, all on the Nevada side, began operating. In March 1937, one more Nevada generator went online and the first Arizona generator by August. By September 1939, four more generators were operating, and the dam's power plant became the largest hydroelectricity facility in the world. The final generator was not placed in service until 1961, bringing the maximum generating capacity to 1,345 megawatts at the time. Original plans called for 16 large generators, eight on each side of the river, but two smaller generators were installed instead of one large one on the Arizona side for a total of 17. The smaller generators were used to serve smaller communities at a time when the output of each generator was dedicated to a single municipality, before the dam's total power output was placed on the grid and made arbitrarily distributable. 1158:(IWW or "Wobblies"), though much-reduced from their heyday as militant labor organizers in the early years of the century, hoped to unionize the Six Companies workers by capitalizing on their discontent. They sent eleven organizers, several of whom were arrested by Las Vegas police. On August 7, 1931, the company cut wages for all tunnel workers. Although the workers sent the organizers away, not wanting to be associated with the "Wobblies", they formed a committee to represent them with the company. The committee drew up a list of demands that evening and presented them to Crowe the following morning. He was noncommittal. The workers hoped that Crowe, the general superintendent of the job, would be sympathetic; instead, he gave a scathing interview to a newspaper, describing the workers as "malcontents". 1944: 1960: 988:, constructed by the city of Los Angeles, caused a disastrous flood that killed up to 600 people. As that dam was a curved-gravity type, similar in design to the arch-gravity as was proposed for the Black Canyon dam, opponents claimed that the Black Canyon dam's safety could not be guaranteed. Congress authorized a board of engineers to review plans for the proposed dam. The Colorado River Board found the project feasible, but warned that should the dam fail, every downstream Colorado River community would be destroyed, and that the river might change course and empty into the Salton Sea. The Board cautioned: "To avoid such possibilities, the proposed dam should be constructed on conservative if not ultra-conservative lines." 1128:

became surrounded by a squatters' camp. Known as McKeeversville, the camp was home to men hoping for work on the project, together with their families. Another camp, on the flats along the Colorado River, was officially called Williamsville, but was known to its inhabitants as "Ragtown". When construction began, Six Companies hired large numbers of workers, with more than 3,000 on the payroll by 1932 and with employment peaking at 5,251 in July 1934. "Mongolian" (Chinese) labor was prevented by the construction contract, while the number of black people employed by Six Companies never exceeded thirty, mostly lowest-pay-scale laborers in a segregated crew, who were issued separate water buckets.

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on July 1, 2016, before beginning to rebound slowly. Under its original design, the dam would no longer be able to generate power once the water level fell below 1,050 feet (320 m), which might have occurred in 2017 had water restrictions not been enforced. To lower the minimum power pool elevation from 1,050 to 950 feet (320 to 290 m), five wide-head turbines, designed to work efficiently with less flow, were installed. Water levels were maintained at over 1,075 feet (328 m) in 2018 and 2019, but fell to a new record low of 1,071.55 feet (326.61 m) on June 10, 2021 and were projected to fall below 1,066 feet (325 m) by the end of 2021.

1616: 6448: 83: 1889: 1925:, a phenomenon in fast-flowing liquids in which vapor bubbles collapse with explosive force. In response to this finding, the tunnels were patched with special heavy-duty concrete and the surface of the concrete was polished mirror-smooth. The spillways were modified in 1947 by adding flip buckets, which both slow the water and decrease the spillway's effective capacity, in an attempt to eliminate conditions thought to have contributed to the 1941 damage. The 1983 damage, also due to cavitation, led to the installation of aerators in the spillways. Tests at 559: 2274: 1857: 2040: 1511: 520: 1203:, running on rails through the entire length of each tunnel were used to place the concrete. The sidewalls were poured next. Movable sections of steel forms were used for the sidewalls. Finally, using pneumatic guns, the overheads were filled in. The concrete lining is 3 feet (1 m) thick, reducing the finished tunnel diameter to 50 ft (15 m). The river was diverted into the two Arizona tunnels on November 13, 1932; the Nevada tunnels were kept in reserve for high water. This was done by exploding a temporary 534: 584: 1162:

a violent confrontation was imminent, most workers took their paychecks and left for Las Vegas to await developments. Two days later, the remainder were talked into leaving by law enforcement. On August 13, the company began hiring workers again, and two days later, the strike was called off. While the workers received none of their demands, the company guaranteed there would be no further reductions in wages. Living conditions began to improve as the first residents moved into Boulder City in late 1931.

1952: 1529:, were both formed in a continuous pour. To put such large bronzes into place without marring the highly polished bronze surface, they were placed on ice and guided into position as the ice melted. Hansen's bas-relief on the Nevada elevator tower depicts the benefits of the dam: flood control, navigation, irrigation, water storage, and power. The bas-relief on the Arizona elevator depicts, in his words, "the visages of those Indian tribes who have inhabited mountains and plains from ages distant." 1570: 2232: 6441: 1012: 927: 6763: 1380: 2260: 1132:

bunkhouses, attached to the canyon wall, to house 480 single men at what became known as River Camp. Workers with families were left to provide their own accommodations until Boulder City could be completed, and many lived in Ragtown. The site of Hoover Dam endures extremely hot weather, and the summer of 1931 was especially torrid, with the daytime high averaging 119.9 °F (48.8 °C). Sixteen workers and other riverbank residents died of

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placed within the concrete. Overall, there is enough concrete in the dam to pave a two-lane highway from San Francisco to New York. Concrete cores were removed from the dam for testing in 1995; they showed that "Hoover Dam's concrete has continued to slowly gain strength" and the dam is composed of a "durable concrete having a compressive strength exceeding the range typically found in normal mass concrete". Hoover Dam concrete is not subject to

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began February 1, 1935, even before the last of the concrete was poured that May. The powerhouse was one of the projects uncompleted at the time of the formal dedication on September 30, 1935; a crew of 500 men remained to finish it and other structures. To make the powerhouse roof bombproof, it was constructed of layers of concrete, rock, and steel with a total thickness of about 3.5 feet (1.1 m), topped with layers of sand and tar.

1175: 6921: 6909: 2218: 1027:. The monolithic dam would be thick at the bottom and thin near the top and would present a convex face towards the water above the dam. The curving arch of the dam would transmit the water's force into the abutments, in this case the rock walls of the canyon. The wedge-shaped dam would be 660 ft (200 m) thick at the bottom, narrowing to 45 ft (14 m) at the top, leaving room for a highway connecting Nevada and Arizona. 1112: 1675:

powerhouse was run under the original authorization by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power and Southern California Edison; in 1987, the Bureau of Reclamation assumed control. In 2011, Congress enacted legislation extending the current contracts until 2067, after setting aside 5% of Hoover Dam's power for sale to Native American tribes, electric cooperatives, and other entities. The new arrangement began on October 1, 2017.

6915: 2246: 2102: 840: 919:. The Fall-Davis report cited use of the Colorado River as a federal concern because the river's basin covered several states, and the river eventually entered Mexico. Though the Fall-Davis report called for a dam "at or near Boulder Canyon", the Reclamation Service (which was renamed the Bureau of Reclamation the following year) found that canyon unsuitable. One potential site at Boulder Canyon was bisected by a 1473:

baskets and ceramics. The images and colors are based on Native American visions of rain, lightning, water, clouds, and local animals—lizards, serpents, birds—and on the Southwestern landscape of stepped mesas. In these works, which are integrated into the walkways and interior halls of the dam, True also reflected on the machinery of the operation, making the symbolic patterns appear both ancient and modern.

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the son of J.G. Tierney, fell from one of the two Arizona-side intake towers. Included in the fatality list are three workers who took their own lives on site, one in 1932 and two in 1933. Of the 112 fatalities, 91 were Six Companies employees, three were Bureau of Reclamation employees, and one was a visitor to the site; the remainder were employees of various contractors not part of Six Companies.

2187: 1140: 591: 566: 541: 1589:(jet-flow gates) are rarely used. The jet-flow gates, located in concrete structures 180 feet (55 m) above the river and also at the outlets of the inner diversion tunnels at river level, may be used to divert water around the dam in emergency or flood conditions, but have never done so, and in practice are used only to drain water from the penstocks for maintenance. Following an 5755: 1279: 5784: 5779: 803:, which began construction in early 1931. Such a large concrete structure had never been built before, and some of the techniques used were unproven. The torrid summer weather and lack of facilities near the site also presented difficulties. Nevertheless, Six Companies turned the dam over to the federal government on March 1, 1936, more than two years ahead of schedule. 1294:

crack and crumble. Instead, the ground where the dam would rise was marked with rectangles, and concrete blocks in columns were poured, some as large as 50 ft square (15 m) and 5 feet (1.5 m) high. Each five-foot form contained a set of 1-inch (25 mm) steel pipes; cool river water would be poured through the pipes, followed by ice-cold water from a

923:; two others were so narrow there was no space for a construction camp at the bottom of the canyon or for a spillway. The Service investigated Black Canyon and found it ideal; a railway could be laid from the railhead in Las Vegas to the top of the dam site. Despite the site change, the dam project was referred to as the "Boulder Canyon Project". 1442: 1916:

Water flowing over the spillways falls dramatically into 600-foot-long (180 m), 50-foot-wide (15 m) spillway tunnels before connecting to the outer diversion tunnels and reentering the main river channel below the dam. This complex spillway entrance arrangement combined with the approximate

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poisoning (brought on by the use of gasoline-fueled vehicles in the diversion tunnels), and a classification used by Six Companies to avoid paying compensation claims. The site's diversion tunnels frequently reached 140 °F (60 °C), enveloped in thick plumes of vehicle exhaust gases. A total

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On the morning of the 9th, Crowe met with the committee and told them that management refused their demands, was stopping all work, and was laying off the entire work force, except for a few office workers and carpenters. The workers were given until 5 p.m. to vacate the premises. Concerned that

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Soon after the dam was authorized, increasing numbers of unemployed people converged on southern Nevada. Las Vegas, then a small city of some 5,000, saw between 10,000 and 20,000 unemployed descend on it. A government camp was established for surveyors and other personnel near the dam site; this soon

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When Ickes spoke at the dedication ceremony on September 30, 1935, he was determined, as he recorded in his diary, "to try to nail down for good and all the name Boulder Dam." At one point in the speech, he spoke the words "Boulder Dam" five times within thirty seconds. Further, he suggested that if

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After Hoover's election defeat in 1932 and the accession of the Roosevelt administration, Secretary Ickes ordered on May 13, 1933, that the dam be referred to as Boulder Dam. Ickes stated that Wilbur had been imprudent in naming the dam after a sitting president, that Congress had never ratified his

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Electricity from the dam's powerhouse was originally sold pursuant to a fifty-year contract, authorized by Congress in 1934, which ran from 1937 to 1987. In 1984, Congress passed a new statute which set power allocations to southern California, Arizona, and Nevada from the dam from 1987 to 2017. The

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as it cures, the potential for uneven cooling and contraction of the concrete posed a serious problem. Bureau of Reclamation engineers calculated that if the dam were to be built in a single continuous pour, the concrete would take 125 years to cool, and the resulting stresses would cause the dam to

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and other loose materials in the riverbed until sound bedrock was reached. Work on the foundation excavations was completed in June 1933. During this excavation, approximately 1,500,000 cu yd (1,100,000 m) of material was removed. Since the dam was an arch-gravity type, the side-walls

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A second labor action took place in July 1935, as construction on the dam wound down. When a Six Companies manager altered working times to force workers to take lunch on their own time, workers responded with a strike. Emboldened by Crowe's reversal of the lunch decree, workers raised their demands

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proposed using dynamite to collapse the walls of Boulder Canyon, 20 miles (32 km) north of the eventual dam site, into the river. The river would carry off the smaller pieces of debris, and a dam would be built incorporating the remaining rubble. In 1922, after considering it for several years,

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due to the prolonged drought since year 2000 and high demand for the Colorado River's water. By 2014 its generating capacity was downrated by 23% to 1592 MW and was providing power only during periods of peak demand. Lake Mead fell to a new record low elevation of 1,071.61 feet (326.63 m)

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in the concrete differed depending on placement in the dam (from pea-sized gravel to 9 inches stones), it was vital that the bucket be maneuvered to the proper column. When the bottom of the bucket opened up, disgorging 8 cu yd (6.1 m) of concrete, a team of men worked it throughout

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were constructed. Work on the upper cofferdam began in September 1932, even though the river had not yet been diverted. The cofferdams were designed to protect against the possibility of the river's flooding a site at which two thousand men might be at work, and their specifications were covered in

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side. These tunnels were 56 ft (17 m) in diameter. Their combined length was nearly 16,000 ft, or more than 3 miles (5 km). The contract required these tunnels to be completed by October 1, 1933, with a $ 3,000-per-day fine to be assessed for any delay. To meet the deadline, Six

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faded, and Hoover to some extent rehabilitated himself through good works during and after World War II. In 1947, a bill passed both Houses of Congress unanimously restoring the name "Hoover Dam." Ickes, who was by then a private citizen, opposed the change, stating, "I didn't know Hoover was that

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on December 7, 1941, it was closed to the public when the United States entered World War II, during which only authorized traffic, in convoys, was permitted. After the war, it reopened September 2, 1945, and by 1953, annual attendance had risen to 448,081. The dam closed on November 25, 1963, and

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Control of water was the primary concern in the building of the dam. Power generation has allowed the dam project to be self-sustaining: proceeds from the sale of power repaid the 50-year construction loan, and those revenues also finance the multimillion-dollar yearly maintenance budget. Power is

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Excavation for the powerhouse was carried out simultaneously with the excavation for the dam foundation and abutments. The excavation of this U-shaped structure located at the downstream toe of the dam was completed in late 1933 with the first concrete placed in November 1933. Filling of Lake Mead

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on the elevator towers. In his words, Hansen wanted his work to express "the immutable calm of intellectual resolution, and the enormous power of trained physical strength, equally enthroned in placid triumph of scientific accomplishment", because "he building of Hoover Dam belongs to the sagas of

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tribes of the region. Although some were initially opposed to these designs, True was given the go-ahead and was officially appointed consulting artist. With the assistance of the National Laboratory of Anthropology, True researched authentic decorative motifs from Indian sand paintings, textiles,

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for an ideal spot for the dam. Surveyor John Gregory ("J.G.") Tierney, who drowned on December 20, 1922, in a flash flood while looking for an ideal spot for the dam was the second person. The official list's final death occurred on December 20, 1935, when Patrick Tierney, electrician's helper and

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The concrete was delivered in huge steel buckets 7 feet high (2.1 m) and almost 7 feet in diameter; Crowe was awarded two patents for their design. These buckets, which weighed 20 short tons (18.1 t; 17.9 long tons) when full, were filled at two massive concrete plants on the Nevada

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The Colorado River had experienced natural flooding before the construction of the Hoover Dam. The dam eliminated the natural flooding, threatening many species adapted to the flooding, including both plants and animals. The construction of the dam devastated the populations of native fish in the

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spoke at the ceremony starting the building of the railway between Las Vegas and the dam site on September 17, 1930, he named the dam "Hoover Dam", citing a tradition of naming dams after Presidents, though none had been so honored during their terms of office. Wilbur justified his choice on the

2011:, 1,500 ft (460 m) downstream from the dam. With the opening of the bypass, through traffic is no longer allowed across Hoover Dam; dam visitors are allowed to use the existing roadway to approach from the Nevada side and cross to parking lots and other facilities on the Arizona side. 1370:

Most work had been completed by the dedication, and Six Companies negotiated with the government through late 1935 and early 1936 to settle all claims and arrange for the formal transfer of the dam to the Federal Government. The parties came to an agreement and on March 1, 1936, Secretary Ickes

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A total of 3,250,000 cubic yards (2,480,000 cubic meters) of concrete was used in the dam before concrete pouring ceased on May 29, 1935. In addition, 1,110,000 cu yd (850,000 m) were used in the power plant and other works. More than 582 miles (937 km) of cooling pipes were

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During the years of lobbying leading up to the passage of legislation authorizing the dam in 1928, the press generally referred to the dam as "Boulder Dam" or as "Boulder Canyon Dam", even though the proposed site had shifted to Black Canyon. The Boulder Canyon Project Act of 1928 (BCPA) never

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The large spillway tunnels have only been used twice, for testing in 1941 and because of flooding in 1983. Both times, when inspecting the tunnels after the spillways were used, engineers found major damage to the concrete linings and underlying rock. The 1941 damage was attributed to a slight

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had reserved a radio slot for the President for 2 p.m. but officials did not realize until the day of the ceremony that the slot was for 2 p.m. Eastern Time. Despite the change in the ceremony time, and temperatures of 102 °F (39 °C), 10,000 people were present for the

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On January 10, 1931, the Bureau made the bid documents available to interested parties, at five dollars a copy. The government was to provide the materials, and the contractor was to prepare the site and build the dam. The dam was described in minute detail, covering 100 pages of text and

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Following the completion of the dam, the entrances to the two outer diversion tunnels were sealed at the opening and halfway through the tunnels with large concrete plugs. The downstream halves of the tunnels following the inner plugs are now the main bodies of the spillway tunnels. The inner

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700-foot (210 m) elevation drop from the top of the reservoir to the river below was a difficult engineering problem and posed numerous design challenges. Each spillway's capacity of 200,000 cu ft/s (5,700 m/s) was empirically verified in post-construction tests in 1941.

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with each spillway containing four 100-foot-long (30 m) and 16-foot-wide (4.9 m) steel-drum gates. Each gate weighs 5,000,000 pounds (2,300 metric tons) and can be operated manually or automatically. Gates are raised and lowered depending on water levels in the reservoir and flood

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floor embedded with a "star map". The map depicts the Northern Hemisphere sky at the moment of President Roosevelt's dedication of the dam. This is intended to help future astronomers, if necessary, calculate the exact date of dedication. The 30-foot-high (9.1 m) bronze figures, dubbed

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As part of the contract, Six Companies, Inc. was to build Boulder City to house the workers. The original timetable called for Boulder City to be built before the dam project began, but President Hoover ordered work on the dam to begin in March 1931 rather than in October. The company built

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spent $ 3 million in 1906–07 to stabilize the waterway, an amount it hoped in vain that it would be reimbursed for by the federal government. Even after the waterway was stabilized, it proved unsatisfactory because of constant disputes with landowners on the Mexican side of the border.

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diversion tunnels were plugged at approximately one-third of their length, beyond which they now carry steel pipes connecting the intake towers to the power plant and outlet works. The inner tunnels' outlets are equipped with gates that can be closed to drain the tunnels for maintenance.

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the form. Although there are myths that men were caught in the pour and are entombed in the dam to this day, each bucket deepened the concrete in a form by only 1 inch (25 mm), and Six Companies engineers would not have permitted a flaw caused by the presence of a human body.

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With the agreement of Kaufmann and the engineers, True also devised for the pipes and machinery an innovative color-coding which was implemented throughout all BOR projects. True's consulting artist job lasted through 1942; it was extended so he could complete design work for the

2061:. For six years after the construction of the dam, while Lake Mead filled, virtually no water reached the mouth of the river. The delta's estuary, which once had a freshwater-saltwater mixing zone stretching 40 miles (64 km) south of the river's mouth, was turned into an 2186: 2133:

informed Ickes that Congress had indeed used the name "Hoover Dam" in five different bills appropriating money for construction of the dam. The official status this conferred to the name "Hoover Dam" had been noted on the floor of the House of Representatives by Congressman

1003:, a replacement for Beatty's canal entirely on the U.S. side of the border. It also permitted the compact to go into effect when at least six of the seven states approved it. This occurred on March 6, 1929, with Utah's ratification; Arizona did not approve it until 1944. 5054:

Rogers, Jerry; Wiltshire, Richard; Gilbert, David (2011). "Celebrating the 75th Anniversary of Hoover Dam: Highlights of the October 20–22, 2010, ASCE Hoover Dam 75th Anniversary History Symposium/Tours/Proceedings". In R. Edward Beighley II; Mark W. Killgore (eds.).

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In 1922, the Reclamation Service presented a report calling for the development of a dam on the Colorado River for flood control and electric power generation. The report was principally authored by Davis and was called the Fall-Davis report after Interior Secretary

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of 42 workers were recorded as having died from pneumonia and were not included in the above total; none were listed as having died from carbon monoxide poisoning. No deaths of non-workers from pneumonia were recorded in Boulder City during the construction period.

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formally accepted the dam on behalf of the government. Six Companies was not required to complete work on one item, a concrete plug for one of the bypass tunnels, as the tunnel had to be used to take in irrigation water until the powerhouse went into operation.

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As the United States developed the Southwest, the Colorado River was seen as a potential source of irrigation water. An initial attempt at diverting the river for irrigation purposes occurred in the late 1890s, when land speculator William Beatty built the

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Tunneling began at the lower portals of the Nevada tunnels in May 1931. Shortly afterward, work began on two similar tunnels in the Arizona canyon wall. In March 1932, work began on lining the tunnels with concrete. First the base, or invert, was poured.

894:, the limit of transmission of electric power was 80 miles (130 km), and there were few customers (mostly mines) within that limit. Edison allowed land options it held on the river to lapse—including an option for what became the site of Hoover Dam. 1224:

the bid documents in nearly as much detail as the dam itself. The upper cofferdam was 96 ft (29 m) high, and 750 feet (230 m) thick at its base, thicker than the dam itself. It contained 650,000 cubic yards (500,000 m) of material.

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style to the entire project. He designed sculpted turrets rising seamlessly from the dam face and clock faces on the intake towers set for the time in Nevada and Arizona—both states are in different time zones, but since Arizona does not observe

1083:. There were three valid bids, and Six Companies' bid of $ 48,890,955 was the lowest, within $ 24,000 of the confidential government estimate of what the dam would cost to build, and five million dollars less than the next-lowest bid. 944:, proponents of the dam feared endless litigation. Delph Carpenter, a Colorado attorney, proposed that the seven states which fell within the river's basin (California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming) form an 1868: 2125:

ground that Hoover was "the great engineer whose vision and persistence ... has done so much to make possible". One writer complained in response that "the Great Engineer had quickly drained, ditched, and dammed the country."

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The initial plans for the facade of the dam, the power plant, the outlet tunnels and ornaments clashed with the modern look of an arch dam. The Bureau of Reclamation, more concerned with the dam's functionality, adorned it with a

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mentioned a proposed name or title for the dam. The BCPA merely allows the government to "construct, operate, and maintain a dam and incidental works in the main stream of the Colorado River at Black Canyon or Boulder Canyon".

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of the canyon would bear the force of the impounded lake. Therefore, the side-walls were also excavated to reach virgin rock, as weathered rock might provide pathways for water seepage. Shovels for the excavation came from the

2152:, which at the time of Ickes' name change had run an editorial cartoon showing Ickes ineffectively chipping away at an enormous sign "HOOVER DAM", reran it showing Roosevelt reinforcing Ickes, but having no greater success. 8175: 776:. Its construction was the result of a massive effort involving thousands of workers, and cost over 100 lives. In bills passed by Congress during its construction, it was referred to as the Hoover Dam, after President 1390:

There were 112 deaths reported as associated with the construction of the dam. The first was Bureau of Reclamation employee Harold Connelly who died on May 15, 1921, after falling from a barge while surveying the

4326: 818:, Nevada. The dam's generators provide power for public and private utilities in Nevada, Arizona, and California. Hoover Dam is a major tourist attraction, with 7 million tourists a year. The heavily traveled 1585:(water pressure) of 590 ft (180 m) as the water reaches a speed of about 85 mph (140 km/h). The entire flow of the Colorado River usually passes through the turbines. The spillways and 1856: 1350:

With most work finished on the dam itself (the powerhouse remained uncompleted), a formal dedication ceremony was arranged for September 30, 1935, to coincide with a western tour being made by President

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as Bechtel and Kaiser were considered one company for purposes of Six in the name. The name was descriptive and was an inside joke among the San Franciscans in the bid, where "Six Companies" was also a

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In the following years, the name "Boulder Dam" failed to fully take hold, with many Americans using both names interchangeably and mapmakers divided as to which name should be printed. Memories of the

8744: 862:. Though water from the Alamo Canal allowed for the widespread settlement of the valley, the canal proved expensive to operate. After a catastrophic breach that caused the Colorado River to fill the 8365: 8809: 1247:

The men who removed this rock were called "high scalers". While suspended from the top of the canyon with ropes, the high-scalers climbed down the canyon walls and removed the loose rock with

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When the cofferdams were in place and the construction site was drained of water, excavation for the dam foundation began. For the dam to rest on solid rock, it was necessary to remove

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President's speech, in which he avoided mentioning the name of former President Hoover, who was not invited to the ceremony. To mark the occasion, a three-cent stamp was issued by the

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Even before Congress approved the Boulder Canyon Project, the Bureau of Reclamation was considering what kind of dam should be used. Officials eventually decided on a massive concrete

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project was expedited. Pending the completion of the bypass, restricted traffic was permitted over Hoover Dam. Some types of vehicles were inspected prior to crossing the dam while

4295: 1525: 8325: 7752: 7747: 7684: 1367:—bearing the name "Boulder Dam", the official name of the dam between 1933 and 1947. After the ceremony, Roosevelt made the first visit by any American president to Las Vegas. 8320: 8182: 1050:, were interested in bidding on the project, but lacked the money for the performance bond. They lacked sufficient resources even in combination with their longtime partners, 6598: 1600:-generators that power Hoover Dam's own operations is a maximum capacity of 2080 megawatts. The annual generation of Hoover Dam varies. The maximum net generation was 10.348 7787: 7699: 1655:. In total, water from Lake Mead serves 18 million people in Arizona, Nevada, and California and supplies the irrigation of over 1,000,000 acres (400,000 ha) of land. 8395: 5826: 8709: 7689: 4380: 4318: 1429:, then the supervising architect to the Bureau of Reclamation, was brought in to redesign the exteriors. Kaufmann greatly streamlined the design and applied an elegant 1166:

to include a $ 1-per-day raise. The company agreed to ask the Federal government to supplement the pay, but no money was forthcoming from Washington. The strike ended.

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and eagle statues. This initial design was criticized by many as being too plain and unremarkable for a project of such immense scale, so Los Angeles-based architect

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Glenn, Edward P.; Lee, Christopher; Felger, Richard; Zengel, Scott (August 1996). "Effects of Water Management on the Wetlands of the Colorado River Delta, Mexico".

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project—a "battery" of sorts—that would use wind and solar power to recirculate water back up to Lake Mead from a pumping station 20 miles (32 km) downriver.

8759: 7772: 7727: 6153: 3363: 2675: 8824: 7767: 7762: 1502:

designed many of the sculptures on and around the dam. His works include the monument of dedication plaza, a plaque to memorialize the workers killed and the

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the Reclamation Service finally rejected the proposal, citing doubts about the unproven technique and questions as to whether it would, in fact, save money.

8819: 8699: 7782: 7757: 5999: 1604:

in 1984, and the minimum since 1940 was 2.648 TWh in 1956. The average power generated was 4.2 TWh/year for 1947–2008. In 2015, the dam generated 3.6 TWh.

7797: 7655: 7334: 5773: 2008: 823: 4707: 8315: 7607: 6413: 1700: 1399:

Ninety-six of the deaths occurred during construction at the site. Not included in the official number of fatalities were deaths that were recorded as

8834: 7309: 1094:, came to town. Instead, Wilbur announced in early 1930 that a model city was to be built in the desert near the dam site. This town became known as 4928: 8739: 8350: 6408: 5819: 3713: 1874:

A worker stands by the 30 ft (9.1 m) diameter Nevada penstock before its junction with another penstock that delivers water to a turbine.

1186:

needed to be diverted away from the construction site. To accomplish this, four diversion tunnels were driven through the canyon walls, two on the

1119: 980:, but representatives from other parts of the country considered the project as hugely expensive and one that would mostly benefit California. The 8799: 8305: 7299: 6800: 1913:

conditions. The gates cannot entirely prevent water from entering the spillways but can maintain an extra 16 ft (4.9 m) of lake level.

8804: 8769: 6573: 3745: 2320: 1195:

Companies had to complete work by early 1933, since only in late fall and winter was the water level in the river low enough to safely divert.

995:

signed the bill authorizing the dam. The Boulder Canyon Project Act appropriated $ 165 million for the project along with the downstream

8774: 8764: 8168: 6004: 4411: 2325: 4459: 3903: 3654: 2310: 2169: 890:

surveyed the river in the hope of building a 40-foot (12 m) rock dam which could generate 10,000 horsepower (7,500 kW). However,

3526: 3277: 3169: 623: 8784: 7602: 6425: 6119: 6079: 5812: 5256:

Minckley, W. L.; Marsh, Paul C.; Deacon, James E.; Dowling, Thomas E.; Hedrick, Philip W.; Matthews, William J.; Mueller, Gordon (2003).

4287: 3226: 2279: 1080: 949: 4107: 3563: 8335: 8330: 7612: 1355:. The morning of the dedication, it was moved forward three hours from 2 p.m. Pacific time to 11 a.m.; this was done because 1464:

was hired to handle the design and decoration of the walls and floors of the new dam. True's design scheme incorporated motifs of the

8694: 7281: 7235: 7162: 6253: 6244: 5884: 4260: 4230: 4039: 3968: 2305: 1730: 1659: 984:

made Midwestern and Southern congressmen and senators more sympathetic toward the dam project. On March 12, 1928, the failure of the

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Tourists gather around one of the generators in the Nevada wing of the powerhouse to hear its operation explained, September 1940.

8679: 8648: 7648: 7240: 6578: 6482: 6418: 6215: 4627: 4001: 2397: 2118: 2044: 1943: 1356: 4538: 1507:

the daring." Hansen's dedication plaza, on the Nevada abutment, contains a sculpture of two winged figures flanking a flagpole.

8684: 7813: 7205: 2427: 2146:, a lead sponsor of the authorizing legislation. Roosevelt also referred to the dam as Boulder Dam, and the Republican-leaning 1967:

There are two lanes for automobile traffic across the top of the dam, which formerly served as the Colorado River crossing for

1959: 1302:. Grout was also used to fill the hairline spaces between columns, which were grooved to increase the strength of the joints. 7951: 6537: 6354: 6160: 6139: 5351: 5209: 5155: 5114: 5095: 5072: 5044: 5024: 5001: 4717: 4666: 4388: 2156: 901:(BOR), known as the Reclamation Service at the time, also considered the Lower Colorado as the site for a dam. Service chief 769: 814:, a municipality originally constructed for workers on the construction project, about 30 mi (48 km) southeast of 795:

had been investigated for their potential to support a dam that would control floods, provide irrigation water, and produce

7925: 7544: 7127: 6009: 5835: 5505: 2173: 1364: 583: 497: 1207:

protecting the Arizona tunnels while at the same time dumping rubble into the river until its natural course was blocked.

8729: 8456: 7617: 6793: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6663: 6227: 5343: 5293:"Macrofaunal and isotopic estimates of the former extent of the Colorado River estuary, upper Gulf of California, México" 5201: 5147: 953: 558: 184: 3711:

Denton, Sally (Summer 2010). "Hoover's Promise: The Dam That Remade The American West Celebrates Its 75th Anniversary".

8471: 8461: 8385: 8252: 7641: 7582: 7554: 6273: 6129: 6069: 5138:

Bartojay, Katie; Joy, Westin (October 21–22, 2010). Wiltshire, Richard L.; Gilbert, David R.; Rogers, Jerry R. (eds.).

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Hoover Dam panoramic view from the Arizona side showing the penstock towers, the Nevada-side spillway entrance and the

1554:

In the latter half of 1936, water levels in Lake Mead were high enough to permit power generation, and the first three

941: 4076: 8814: 8262: 8257: 7664: 7489: 7147: 6501: 6359: 3356: 1590: 8653: 8497: 8492: 6627: 6472: 6263: 6104: 5854: 5361:

Schmidt, John C.; Webb, Robert H.; Valdez, Richard A.; Marzolf, G. Richard; Stevens, Lawrence E. (September 1998).

2050:

The changes in water flow and use caused by Hoover Dam's construction and operation have had a large impact on the

1495:, part of which read, "lose the spark, and justify the dream; but also worthy of remark will be the color scheme". 2481: 858:

just north of the Mexican border; the canal dipped into Mexico before running to a desolate area Beatty named the

533: 8714: 8247: 8222: 7028: 6403: 6398: 6044: 6019: 5894: 3267:

Olberhelman, Olberhelman, and Lampe. Quail Lakes & Coal: Energy for Wildlife ... and the World, 2013, page 60

2792: 2380: 1663: 1155: 965:

decision undermining the claims of the upstream states, they became anxious to reach an agreement. The resulting

799:. In 1928, Congress authorized the project. The winning bid to build the dam was submitted by a consortium named 792: 6532: 5274: 5257: 5183: 5166: 4597: 4160: 1577:

Before water from Lake Mead reaches the turbines, it enters the intake towers and then four gradually narrowing

952:

but had never been concluded among more than two states. In 1922, representatives of seven states met with then-

8486: 8451: 8300: 8267: 8217: 8038: 7494: 6786: 6568: 6489: 6258: 6218: 6029: 5959: 5864: 5804: 5416: 3608: 1972: 473: 5192:

Fiedler, William R. (October 21–22, 2010). Wiltshire, Richard L.; Gilbert, David R.; Rogers, Jerry R. (eds.).

2129:

choice, and that it had long been referred to as Boulder Dam. Unknown to the general public, Attorney General

2101: 8794: 8749: 8272: 6619: 5904: 2341: 1938: 1289:

The first concrete was poured into the dam on June 6, 1933, 18 months ahead of schedule. Since concrete

1908:, running roughly parallel to the canyon walls. The spillway entrance arrangement forms a classic side-flow 8589: 7559: 7057: 7033: 6506: 6325: 6239: 6187: 6134: 6114: 5929: 5334:

Rogers, J. David (October 21–22, 2010). Wiltshire, Richard L.; Gilbert, David R.; Rogers, Jerry R. (eds.).

753: 685: 62: 6381: 5718:

Boulder Dam–San Bernardino (115kV) Transmission Line, Eldorado to Ivanpah Section, Primm, Clark County, NV

8581: 8466: 8370: 8076: 7920: 7876: 7539: 7097: 6295: 6285: 4919: 2003:. The four-lane Hoover Dam Bypass opened on October 19, 2010. It includes a composite steel and concrete 1241: 1086:

The city of Las Vegas had lobbied hard to be the headquarters for the dam construction, closing its many

972:

Legislation to authorize the dam was introduced repeatedly by two California Republicans, Representative

879: 875: 55: 34: 8689: 8375: 7549: 7534: 7304: 6593: 6320: 2779: 2177: 1740: 1489:

dams and power plants. True's work on the Hoover Dam was humorously referred to in a poem published in

1324: 887: 506: 1219:

To protect the construction site from the Colorado River and to facilitate the river's diversion, two

8228: 7989: 7904: 7709: 7529: 6542: 6494: 6290: 6024: 5944: 3753: 1047: 867: 30: 5291:

Rodriguez, C. A.; Flessa, K. W.; Téllez-Duarte, M. S.; Dettman, D. L.; Ávila-Serrano, G. A. (2001).

1608: 8719: 8476: 8104: 8099: 8049: 8043: 7082: 6300: 6089: 6074: 1624:

generated in step with and only with the release of water in response to downstream water demands.

1327:(ASR), as the Hoover Dam builders happened to use nonreactive aggregate, unlike that at downstream 4467: 4319:"City Of Los Angeles Wants To Turn Hoover Dam Into World's Largest Pumped Energy Storage Facility" 1298:

plant. When an individual block had cured and had stopped contracting, the pipes were filled with

8724: 8525: 7453: 7443: 7415: 7375: 7195: 6766: 6330: 6180: 6099: 6064: 5969: 5924: 4349: 3911: 2521: 2265: 1992: 1640: 1636: 5704:

Hoover Dam Aggregate Classification Plant, 6.5 miles northeast of Boulder City, Clark County, NV

3874: 3662: 3534: 3285: 3177: 8829: 8627: 7974: 7961: 7930: 7896: 7858: 7587: 7484: 7190: 6547: 6059: 5974: 5421: 3234: 2019: 1996: 1682:

reports that the energy generated under the contracts ending in 2017 was allocated as follows:

1615: 1315: 981: 966: 785: 112: 3571: 8619: 8507: 8277: 7984: 7868: 7576: 7220: 7170: 7077: 6752: 6477: 6447: 6386: 6305: 5909: 5869: 4099: 2441: 2401: 2289: 2000: 1790: 1679: 1352: 898: 773: 757: 5485: 2503: 82: 8535: 8211: 7853: 7524: 7370: 7349: 7142: 7067: 6315: 6094: 5839: 5307: 5228: 5057:

World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011: Bearing Knowledge for Sustainability

4264: 4238: 4046: 2237: 2051: 1770: 1760: 1750: 1435: 1095: 811: 611: 108: 8780:

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Arizona

4814: 3960: 1991:

over 40 ft (12 m) long were not allowed on the dam at all, and were diverted to

1098:. Construction of a rail line joining Las Vegas and the dam site began in September 1930. 8: 8674: 8543: 7380: 7289: 6511: 6366: 6310: 5964: 5899: 5491: 4130: 2336: 2078: 1840: 1810: 1780: 1593:

project from 1986 to 1993, the total gross power rating for the plant, including two 2.4

1418: 1075: 1067: 961: 902: 800: 796: 5311: 5240: 5232: 3142: 2727:"Impacts of the 1928 St. Francis Dam Failure on Geology, Civil Engineering, and America" 2726: 1888: 1307: 8789: 8558: 8160: 8094: 7694: 7622: 7458: 7448: 7410: 7230: 7152: 6718: 6588: 6462: 6278: 6109: 6039: 6034: 5384: 5244: 5013: 4631: 4005: 3624: 2405: 2330: 2193: 2090: 1980: 1830: 1800: 1648: 1563: 1499: 1383: 1000: 945: 430: 4545: 3600: 3594: 2073:

river downstream from the dam. Four species of fish native to the Colorado River, the

701: 8205: 8022: 7175: 7112: 6516: 6467: 6371: 6124: 6054: 6049: 6014: 5954: 5914: 5874: 5472: 5411: 5347: 5279: 5205: 5151: 5110: 5091: 5084: 5068: 5040: 5034: 5020: 4997: 4713: 4210:"Hoover Dam, symbol of the modern West, faces a new test with an epic water shortage" 3604: 2676:"Sharing Colorado River Water: History, Public Policy and the Colorado River Compact" 2300: 2148: 2028: 1976: 1820: 1607:

The amount of electricity generated by Hoover Dam has been decreasing along with the

1461: 1446: 1314:

which were used to deliver the bucket to a specific column. As the required grade of

1290: 5292: 4182: 2039: 1058:. They formed a joint venture to bid for the project with Pacific Bridge Company of 8481: 8292: 8017: 7979: 7969: 7499: 7072: 6972: 6712: 6376: 5879: 5478: 5465: 5452: 5439: 5374: 5315: 5269: 5236: 5178: 5060: 3719:

Quote, p.22: "In one five day period alone, 14 workers died from heat prostration."

2788: 2142:

the dam were to be named after any one person, it should be for California Senator

2135: 2109:

political cartoon commenting on the attempts of Ickes to keep "Hoover" off the dam.

2086: 1926: 1510: 1486: 1133: 1123:"Apache Indians employed as high-scalers on the construction of Hoover Dam." – NARA 1059: 1051: 1036: 1020: 749: 519: 5725: 1581:

which funnel the water down towards the powerhouse. The intakes provide a maximum

8632: 8566: 8502: 8390: 7843: 7828: 7468: 7420: 7314: 7185: 7137: 7117: 7062: 6977: 6959: 6954: 6882: 6745: 6730: 6650: 5934: 5889: 5697:

Arizona Gravel Pit Road, 6 to 8 miles northeast of Boulder City, Clark County, NV

4991: 2295: 2062: 2054:. The construction of the dam has been implicated in causing the decline of this 2024: 1559: 1426: 1404: 1359: 1063: 1043: 992: 985: 891: 859: 667: 440: 5834: 5711:

Six Companies Railroad, 6 to 8 miles northeast of Boulder City, Clark County, NV

3357:"Hoover Dam: Grout Curtain Failure and Lessons Learned in Site Characterization" 2361: 1896:

during the 1983 floods. Lake Mead water level was 1,225.6 ft (373.6 m)

1635:

uses. Water released from the Hoover Dam eventually reaches several canals. The

1386:'s memorial at the dam which reads in part "They died to make the desert bloom." 7838: 7597: 7339: 7254: 7210: 7087: 7038: 6809: 6203: 5859: 5758: 5732: 5515:

Hoover Dam, Spanning Colorado River at Route 93, Boulder City, Clark County, NV

2366: 2223: 2130: 2015: 1905: 1597: 1582: 1555: 1491: 1392: 1343:

The upstream face of Hoover Dam slowly disappears as Lake Mead fills, May 1935

1183: 1024: 959:. Initial talks produced no result, but when the Supreme Court handed down the 956: 920: 777: 450: 382: 319: 209: 5064: 4355: 784:

by the Roosevelt administration. In 1947, the name Hoover Dam was restored by

8668: 8571: 8548: 8446: 8441: 8410: 8345: 8088: 8012: 8007: 7244: 7180: 7107: 7102: 7092: 6996: 5791: 5787: 5749: 5459: 5433: 5283: 2143: 2082: 2074: 1968: 1951: 1601: 1465: 1295: 1267: 1039:. The contractor had seven years to build the dam, or penalties would ensue. 977: 883: 819: 638: 625: 456: 392: 7633: 6440: 5194:

Performance of Spillway Structures Using Hoover Dam Spillways as a Benchmark

4781: 1569: 1262:

The cleared, underlying rock foundation of the dam site was reinforced with

1035:

was to accompany each bid; the winner would have to post a $ 5 million

7818: 7592: 7504: 7344: 7249: 6990: 6941: 6724: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6583: 6552: 6084: 5446: 5319: 4072: 2731:

2007 Annual Meeting Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists

2251: 1652: 1628: 1627:

Lake Mead and downstream releases from the dam also provide water for both

1586: 1452: 1200: 1071: 996: 411: 4571: 4439: 4437: 8433: 8239: 7463: 7438: 7405: 7400: 7390: 7385: 7354: 7264: 7225: 7215: 7122: 6985: 6967: 6946: 6430: 6349: 6337: 5939: 4709:

The World's Water, 2002–2003: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources

4605: 2004: 1644: 1248: 1144: 1055: 1023:, the design of which was overseen by the Bureau's chief design engineer 1011: 926: 916: 855: 419: 88: 6778: 5717: 5710: 5703: 5696: 5689: 5682: 5675: 5668: 5661: 5654: 5647: 5640: 5633: 5626: 5619: 5612: 5605: 5598: 5591: 5584: 5577: 5570: 5563: 5556: 5549: 5542: 5535: 5528: 5521: 5514: 2796: 8517: 8197: 7848: 7329: 7294: 7200: 7132: 6856: 6835: 6391: 6342: 5979: 5426: 5388: 5248: 4434: 2121: 2014:

Hoover Dam opened for tours in 1937 after its completion but following

1963:

Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge as visible from Hoover Dam

1922: 1632: 1482: 1478: 1379: 1328: 1091: 973: 863: 6926: 1542: 1441: 1227: 8418: 7823: 7395: 7324: 6920: 6908: 5404: 4156: 3135:"Lower Colorado Bureau of Reclamation: Hoover Dam, Facts and Figures" 2160:

small a man to take credit for something he had nothing to do with."

2138:

of Colorado on December 12, 1930, but was likewise ignored by Ickes.

2058: 2055: 1988: 1400: 1220: 1204: 1174: 1087: 815: 807: 288: 5995:

Las Vegas High School Academic Building, Gymnasium, and Frazier Hall

5379: 5362: 4726: 2259: 1947:

View of Hoover Dam from Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge

1594: 1115:

Workers on a "Jumbo Rig"; used for drilling the Hoover Dam's tunnels

1111: 1070:

of San Francisco; MacDonald & Kahn Ltd. of Los Angeles; and the

6914: 6842: 5920:

Gold Strike Canyon-Sugarloaf Mountain Traditional Cultural Property

5258:"A Conservation Plan for Native Fishes of the Lower Colorado River" 4945: 4412:"House, after stiff debate, backs cheap power for 3 Western states" 4225: 4223: 4020: 3855: 2066: 1901: 1578: 1519: 1430: 1422: 1311: 1256: 1252: 1032: 746: 678: 5517:", 45 photos, 228 data pages, 8 photo caption pages 4762: 4073:"Receding Lake Mead poses challenges to Hoover Dam's power output" 948:, with the approval of Congress. Such compacts were authorized by 839: 8745:

Energy infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places

8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 7668: 6870: 6828: 6172: 5720:", 52 photos, 21 data pages, 7 photo caption pages 5608:", 18 photos, 13 data pages, 6 photo caption pages 4927:, US Government Printing Office, April 30, 1947, pp. 56–57, 4800: 4288:"Los Angeles considers $ 3B pumped storage project at Hoover Dam" 2316:

List of largest hydroelectric power stations in the United States

2245: 1720: 1403:. Workers alleged that this diagnosis was a cover for death from 1236: 1191: 765: 5692:", 29 photos, 7 data pages, 5 photo caption pages 5643:", 11 photos, 4 data pages, 2 photo caption pages 5629:", 10 photos, 7 data pages, 4 photo caption pages 5601:", 31 photos, 6 data pages, 5 photo caption pages 5573:", 10 photos, 4 data pages, 3 photo caption pages 5559:", 23 photos, 5 data pages, 4 photo caption pages 5552:", 18 photos, 5 data pages, 4 photo caption pages 5538:", 18 photos, 6 data pages, 3 photo caption pages 5524:", 14 photos, 6 data pages, 4 photo caption pages 4738: 4689: 4687: 4220: 1438:, the clocks display the same time for more than half the year. 1282:

Columns of Hoover Dam being filled with concrete, February 1934

1214: 6889: 6849: 5843: 5685:", 4 photos, 4 data pages, 2 photo caption pages 5678:", 2 photos, 5 data pages, 2 photo caption pages 5671:", 3 photos, 5 data pages, 2 photo caption pages 5664:", 7 photos, 4 data pages, 2 photo caption pages 5657:", 5 photos, 5 data pages, 2 photo caption pages 5650:", 9 photos, 4 data pages, 2 photo caption pages 5636:", 8 photos, 8 data pages, 2 photo caption pages 5622:", 2 photos, 7 data pages, 2 photo caption pages 5615:", 2 photos, 5 data pages, 2 photo caption pages 5594:", 6 photos, 5 data pages, 2 photo caption pages 5580:", 5 photos, 4 data pages, 2 photo caption pages 5566:", 6 photos, 5 data pages, 2 photo caption pages 5545:", 7 photos, 6 data pages, 2 photo caption pages 5531:", 7 photos, 5 data pages, 3 photo caption pages 5167:"Resurrecting the Dammed: A Look at Colorado River Restoration" 4839: 4837: 4835: 3941: 3773: 3771: 1710: 1503: 1469: 1187: 822:(US 93) ran along the dam's crest until October 2010, when the 761: 196: 8810:

National Register of Historic Places in Mohave County, Arizona

6902: 5587:", 1 photo, 4 data pages, 2 photo caption pages 4502: 4500: 2428:"What you need to know about Lake Mead's falling water levels" 2023:

March 31, 1969, days of mourning in remembrance of Presidents

1546:

Water is released from the jet-flow gates for testing in 1998.

1339: 474:

Bureau of Reclamation: Lower Colorado Region - Hoover Dam

5363:"Science and Values in River Restoration in the Grand Canyon" 4774: 4684: 4667:"The Hoover Dam – Everything You Need to Know About Visiting" 3694: 3692: 2522:"Nevada and Arizona: Hoover Dam (U.S. National Park Service)" 1299: 1263: 1139: 460: 5613:

Hoover Dam, Southern California Edison North and South Lines

4993:

Building Hoover Dam: An Oral History of the Great Depression

4832: 3831: 3819: 3768: 6863: 5606:

Hoover Dam, Los Angeles Bureau of Power and Light Lines 1–3

5275:

10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0219:ACPFNF]2.0.CO;2

5184:

10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0998:RTDALA]2.0.CO;2

5015:

Colossus: Hoover Dam and the Making of the American Century

4497: 3727: 3725: 2658: 2656: 2592: 2590: 1909: 1278: 123:

Power, flood control, water storage, regulation, recreation

51:

Dam in Clark County, Nevada, and Mohave County, Arizona, US

8735:

Dams on the National Register of Historic Places in Nevada

4902: 4900: 4387:. Association of California Water Agencies. Archived from 3843: 3689: 3500: 3444: 3434: 3432: 3417: 3405: 3393: 3381: 3336: 3324: 3300: 3249: 3204: 3108: 3060: 3036: 3012: 3000: 2913: 2901: 2889: 1921:

misalignment of the tunnel invert (or base), which caused

3931: 3929: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3461: 3459: 2954: 2952: 2800: 2641: 2602: 1984: 1573:

Turbine/generator deck in power plant beneath Hoover Dam.

8190: 5620:

Hoover Dam, Hoover–Basic Magnesium North and South Lines

5550:

Hoover Dam, Southern California Edison 230-kV Switchyard

5529:

Hoover Dam, Southern California Edison 138-kV Switchyard

4849: 4131:"Drought Diminishes Hydropower Capacity in Western U.S." 3875:"Catching a Wave - Jet Flow Gate Testing Brings a Crowd" 3807: 3795: 3783: 3722: 3084: 3072: 2925: 2877: 2853: 2829: 2706: 2694: 2653: 2631: 2629: 2587: 2575: 2563: 2043:

View upstream from Hoover Dam, October 2021, during the

1150:

with Bureau of Reclamation engineer Walker Young in 1935

6154:

National Register of Historic Places listings in Nevada

5498: 5417:

Historic Construction Company Project – Hoover Dam

5290: 4897: 4885: 4873: 4782:"Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program" 4732: 4646: 4487: 4485: 3429: 2551: 2539: 1231:

Looking down at "high scalers" above the Colorado River

772:, it was dedicated on September 30, 1935, by President 5053: 4951: 4531: 4045:. Bureau of Reclamation. December 2015. Archived from 3926: 3677: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3483: 3471: 3456: 3312: 3048: 3024: 2964: 2949: 2937: 2865: 2817: 2761: 1006: 5255: 4971: 4768: 4443: 4040:"OPERATION PLAN FOR COLORADO RIVER SYSTEM RESERVOIRS" 4026: 3953: 3861: 3192: 3096: 2988: 2976: 2841: 2805: 2626: 2614: 1904:. The spillway entrances are located behind each dam 6538:

Birthplace and childhood home National Historic Site

6000:

Las Vegas High School Neighborhood Historic District

4482: 4183:"Lake Mead: Largest US reservoir dips to record low" 2213: 2201:

Memorial Bridge, also known as the Hoover Dam Bypass

5730: 5360: 4974:

Reclamation: Managing Water in the West: Hoover Dam

4744: 4374: 4372: 3898: 3896: 3512: 3221: 3219: 2733:. Missouri University of Science & Technology. 1178:

Overview of dam mechanisms; diversion tunnels shown

1090:when the decision maker, Secretary of the Interior 1054:, which employed the nation's leading dam builder, 8710:Buildings and structures in Mohave County, Arizona 7608:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California 5536:Hoover Dam, Metropolitan Water District Switchyard 5477:is available for free viewing and download at the 5464:is available for free viewing and download at the 5451:is available for free viewing and download at the 5438:is available for free viewing and download at the 5083: 5012: 4658: 4620: 4563: 3704: 3270: 2780: 2749: 2359: 1975:, authorities expressed security concerns and the 1701:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California 1619:Decline in electricity generation since year 2000. 1074:of Portland, Oregon. The joint venture was called 940:With little guidance on water allocation from the 61:"Boulder Dam" redirects here. For other uses, see 5132:Imaging Hoover Dam: The Making of a Cultural Icon 4921:H. J. Res. 140. To restore the name of Hoover Dam 4750: 4381:"President signs Hoover Dam Power Allocation Act" 1900:The dam is protected against over-topping by two 1498:Complementing Kaufmann and True's work, sculptor 1331:, where ASR has caused measurable deterioration. 8705:Buildings and structures in Clark County, Nevada 8666: 6409:Presidential transition of Franklin D. Roosevelt 5218: 5140:Long-Term Properties of Hoover Dam Mass Concrete 4693: 4369: 4351:The plan to turn Hoover Dam into a giant battery 3893: 3216: 2180:in 1985, cited for its engineering innovations. 1929:showed that the technique worked, in principle. 1537: 1306:side, and were delivered to the site in special 768:. Constructed between 1931 and 1936, during the 8755:Historic American Engineering Record in Arizona 8110:Wellton-Mohawk Irrigation and Drainage District 6045:Old Spanish Trail/Mormon Road Historic District 4064: 2360:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). 1514:Hoover Dam memorial star map floor, center area 930:Sketch of the proposed dam site and reservoir, 8760:Historic American Engineering Record in Nevada 5690:Hoover Dam, Henderson–Mead Transmission Line 2 5627:Hoover Dam, Metropolitan Water District Line 1 5571:Hoover Dam, Los Angeles Relay Control Building 3737: 3714:American Heritage's Invention & Technology 2353: 2321:List of National Historic Landmarks in Arizona 1310:. The buckets were then suspended from aerial 791:Since about 1900, the Black Canyon and nearby 8825:Tourist attractions in Mohave County, Arizona 8176: 7663: 7649: 6794: 6188: 5930:Grapevine Canyon Petroglyphs (AZ:F:14:98 ASM) 5820: 5340:Hoover Dam 75th Anniversary History Symposium 5198:Hoover Dam 75th Anniversary History Symposium 5144:Hoover Dam 75th Anniversary History Symposium 5039:. Las Vegas: Nevada Publications, Inc. 2006. 4664: 4518: 2326:List of National Historic Landmarks in Nevada 1215:Groundworks, rock clearance and grout curtain 5774:Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge 5676:Hoover Dam, Nevada Downstream Waste Tailings 5499:Boulder City/Hoover Dam Museum official site 5090:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 4989: 4843: 4712:. Washington DC: Island Press. p. 139. 4539:"Crossing Hoover Dam: A Guide for Motorists" 4403: 4263:. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from 4032: 3967:. Charleston Communications, A2Z Las Vegas. 3947: 3006: 2919: 2907: 2647: 2608: 2420: 2311:List of largest hydroelectric power stations 2170:National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark 2009:Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge 1334: 259:3,250,000 cu yd (2,480,000 m) 8820:Tourist attractions in Clark County, Nevada 8700:Presidential memorials in the United States 8148:Sulphur Springs Valley Electric Cooperative 7603:International Boundary and Water Commission 6574:Presidential Library, Museum, and gravesite 6080:Sheep Mountain Range Archeological District 5662:Hoover Dam, U.S. Highway 93 Arizona Segment 5137: 5105:True, Jere; Kirby, Victoria Tupper (2009). 4990:Dunar, Andrew J.; McBride, Dennis (2001) . 4699: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3717:. Vol. 25, no. 2. pp. 14–25. 3438: 3348: 2333:, ghost town with site now under Lake Mead. 2280:National Register of Historic Places portal 950:Article I of the United States Constitution 760:, on the border between the U.S. states of 275:400,000 cu ft/s (11,000 m/s) 15: 8183: 8169: 8085:Hohokam Irrigation & Drainage District 7656: 7642: 6801: 6787: 6195: 6181: 5827: 5813: 5641:Hoover Dam, U.S. Highway 93 Nevada Segment 4996:. Reno, Nev.: University of Nevada Press. 4454: 4452: 4378: 4100:"Lake Mead Drops to its Lowest-Ever Level" 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 2478:National Historic Landmark summary listing 1518:Surrounding the base of the monument is a 1456:Hansen's bas-relief on the Nevada elevator 1081:Chinese benevolent association in the city 909: 518: 16: 6808: 5885:Brownstone Canyon Archaeological District 5378: 5336:Hoover Dam: Evolution of the Dam's Design 5273: 5182: 5104: 4207: 3837: 3825: 3813: 3801: 3789: 3777: 3743: 3731: 3164: 3162: 3160: 2306:List of dams in the Colorado River system 1660:Los Angeles Department of Water and Power 1345:(looking downstream from the Arizona rim) 498:U.S. National Register of Historic Places 324:167,800 sq mi (435,000 km) 8835:United States Bureau of Reclamation dams 6692:1928 United States presidential election 6130:The "Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas" Sign 4980: 4855: 4572:"Hoover Dam bypass bridge finally opens" 4128: 4097: 4002:"Frequently Asked Questions: Hydropower" 3983: 3744:Rhinehart, Julian (September 10, 2004). 3592: 2468: 2466: 2100: 2038: 1958: 1950: 1942: 1887: 1614: 1568: 1541: 1509: 1451: 1440: 1378: 1338: 1277: 1226: 1173: 1138: 1118: 1110: 1010: 925: 838: 314:10,024,000 acre⋅ft (12.364 km) 306:15,853,000 acre⋅ft (19.554 km) 298:28,537,000 acre⋅ft (35.200 km) 24:This is an accepted version of this page 8740:Energy infrastructure completed in 1939 8649:Goodsprings Waste Heat Recovery Station 6579:Hoover Institution Library and Archives 6483:Belgian American Educational Foundation 5461:"Boulder Dam (Parts III and IV) (1931)" 5191: 5134:. Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press. 5081: 5010: 4906: 4891: 4879: 4652: 4630:. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from 4590: 4544:. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from 4521:"Hoover Dam Bypass an American Triumph" 4506: 4491: 4466:. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from 4449: 4409: 4285: 4237:. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from 4004:. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from 3935: 3910:. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from 3849: 3752:. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from 3698: 3683: 3570:. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3533:. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from 3506: 3494: 3477: 3465: 3450: 3423: 3411: 3399: 3387: 3369:from the original on September 21, 2011 3355:Rogers, J. David (September 22, 2005). 3342: 3330: 3318: 3306: 3284:. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from 3255: 3233:. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from 3210: 3198: 3176:. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from 3141:. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from 3120: 3114: 3102: 3090: 3078: 3066: 3054: 3042: 3030: 3018: 2994: 2982: 2970: 2958: 2943: 2931: 2895: 2883: 2871: 2859: 2847: 2835: 2823: 2811: 2767: 2725:Rogers, J. David (September 28, 2007). 2712: 2700: 2662: 2635: 2620: 2596: 2581: 2569: 2557: 2545: 2480:. National Park Service. Archived from 2442:"Inventory-Nomination form: Hoover Dam" 2398:"Frequently Asked Questions: Lake Mead" 2069:was higher close to the river's mouth. 2045:Southwestern North American megadrought 2034: 834: 14: 8800:National Historic Landmarks in Arizona 8667: 6161:Nevada State Historic Places by county 5634:Hoover Dam, U.S. Construction Railroad 5333: 4934:from the original on December 30, 2017 4788:from the original on February 19, 2009 4569: 4379:Lien-Mager, Lisa (December 20, 2011). 4347: 4316: 4070: 3710: 3635:from the original on December 20, 2016 3599:. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 3354: 3157: 2755: 2737:from the original on December 11, 2013 2724: 2390: 1932: 1411: 1374: 1284:(looking upstream from the Nevada rim) 1259:") and strongly encouraged their use. 888:Edison Electric Company of Los Angeles 8805:National Historic Landmarks in Nevada 8770:Hydroelectric power plants in Arizona 8164: 7637: 6782: 6176: 5808: 5729: 5557:Hoover Dam, Arizona–Nevada Switchyard 5107:Allen Tupper True: An American Artist 4705: 4122: 3971:from the original on December 3, 2010 2463: 2096: 1669: 1460:At Kaufmann's request, Denver artist 1031:76 drawings. A $ 2 million 690:Vehicular Bridges in Arizona MPS (AD) 8775:Hydroelectric power plants in Nevada 8765:Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks 8191:Energy resource facilities in Nevada 8100:San Carlos Indian Irrigation Project 7980:Morenci Water & Electric Company 7545:Glen Canyon National Recreation Area 6672:Republican National Convention, 1920 6010:Las Vegas Post Office and Courthouse 5836:National Register of Historic Places 5648:Hoover Dam, Lower Portal Access Road 5506:Historic American Engineering Record 5164: 4952:Rogers, Wiltshire & Gilbert 2011 4756: 4329:from the original on October 9, 2018 4298:from the original on October 9, 2018 3965:Las Vegas Online Entertainment Guide 3549: 2449:National Register of Historic Places 2174:National Register of Historic Places 1365:United States Post Office Department 267:2 controlled Drum-Gate, Side channel 168:($ 790 million in 2023 dollars) 8018:City of Safford Electric Department 6228:United States Secretary of Commerce 5564:Hoover Dam, Static Towers and Lines 5543:Hoover Dam, Nevada State Switchyard 5522:Hoover Dam, Los Angeles Switch Yard 5344:American Society of Civil Engineers 5241:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041175.x 5202:American Society of Civil Engineers 5148:American Society of Civil Engineers 4813:. December 21, 1928. Archived from 3659:United States Bureau of Reclamation 2434: 1182:Before the dam could be built, the 1136:between June 25 and July 26, 1931. 1007:Design, preparation and contracting 843:River view of the future dam site, 48: 8785:Lake Mead National Recreation Area 8139:Graham County Electric Cooperative 8133:Duncan Valley Electric Cooperative 8124:Arizona Electric Power Cooperative 7583:Colorado River Board of California 7555:Lake Mead National Recreation Area 6274:Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929 6202: 6070:Railroad Cottage Historic District 5165:Cohn, Jeffrey P. (December 2001). 4665:Karyn Wofford (December 3, 2018). 4519:Sean Holstege (October 17, 2010). 4422:from the original on April 2, 2018 4163:from the original on March 6, 2018 4129:Capehart, Mary Ann (Winter 2015). 4110:from the original on July 16, 2016 4079:from the original on June 21, 2016 2785:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 1892:Water enters the Arizona spillway 1169: 666:Six Companies, Inc. (structural), 590: 565: 540: 49: 8846: 5585:Hoover Dam, Promontory Water Tank 5396: 5086:Hoover Dam: An American Adventure 4983:Selected Papers of Homer Cummings 4570:Hansen, Kyle (October 20, 2010). 4137:from the original on May 24, 2015 4133:Water Resources Research Center. 969:was signed on November 24, 1922. 332:247 sq mi (640 km) 8695:Art Deco architecture in Arizona 8654:List of power stations in Nevada 8082:Harquahala Valley Power District 8008:Mesa Energy Resources Department 7153:Gulf of California/Sea of Cortez 6925: 6919: 6913: 6907: 6901: 6762: 6761: 6628:The Angel of Pennsylvania Avenue 6473:Commission for Relief in Belgium 6446: 6439: 6399:State of the Union Address, 1929 6105:Tule Springs Archaeological Site 5782: 5777: 5753: 5683:Hoover Dam, Nevada Spoils Tunnel 5669:Hoover Dam, Explosives Magazines 5578:Hoover Dam, Switchyard Firehouse 5124: 4976:. US Department of the Interior. 4912: 4861: 4784:. US Fish and Wildlife Service. 4512: 4341: 4310: 4286:Maloney, Peter (July 26, 2018). 4279: 4253: 4201: 4175: 4149: 4098:Heinsius, Ryan (July 15, 2016). 4091: 3661:. March 12, 2015. Archived from 2272: 2258: 2244: 2230: 2216: 2185: 1867: 1855: 1609:falling water level in Lake Mead 589: 582: 564: 557: 539: 532: 81: 6020:LDS Moapa Stake Office Building 5895:Clark Avenue Railroad Underpass 4960: 4410:Tolchin, Martin (May 4, 1984). 4317:Hanley, Steve (July 26, 2018). 3867: 3647: 3617: 3586: 3261: 2773: 2718: 2668: 2381:Gross Domestic Product deflator 2292:, lobbyist on behalf of the dam 2168:Hoover Dam was recognized as a 1987:carrying luggage, and enclosed- 1664:pumped-storage hydroelectricity 1662:(LADWP) proposed a $ 3 billion 1156:Industrial Workers of the World 1101: 886:-power potential. In 1902, the 507:U.S. National Historic Landmark 8680:1936 establishments in Arizona 8145:Navopache Electric Cooperative 7495:Colorado River Storage Project 6490:American Relief Administration 6219:President of the United States 6030:Mesquite High School Gymnasium 5960:John S. Park Historic District 5865:Boulder City Historic District 5655:Hoover Dam, Kingman Switchyard 5109:. San Francisco: Canyon Leap. 4972:Bureau of Reclamation (2006). 4965: 2514: 2496: 2199:Mike O'Callaghan – Pat Tillman 2172:in 1984. It was listed on the 2163: 1973:September 11 terrorist attacks 1955:The bypass in front of the dam 1526:Winged Figures of the Republic 1106: 1015:Hoover Dam architectural plans 696: 387:590 ft (180 m) (Max) 13: 1: 8685:1936 establishments in Nevada 8127:Columbus Electric Cooperative 7490:Colorado–Big Thompson Project 6620:Backstairs at the White House 5741: 5592:Hoover Dam, Cable Hoist House 4706:Burns, William C. G. (2001). 4602:The Hoover Dam Bypass Project 4071:Kuckro, Rod (June 30, 2014). 3655:"Hoover Dam: 1935 Fatalities" 2362:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?" 2342:Hoover Dam in popular culture 2176:in 1981 and was designated a 1939:Hoover Dam in popular culture 1538:Power plant and water demands 931: 844: 829: 598:Show map of the United States 345:Maximum water depth 7560:Rocky Mountain National Park 6507:Commission for Polish Relief 6355:U.S. occupation of Nicaragua 6326:Federal Home Loan Bank Board 6135:Willow Beach Gauging Station 6115:St. Thomas Memorial Cemetery 5448:"Boulder Dam (Part I) (1931) 5300:Journal of Arid Environments 5011:Hiltzik, Michael A. (2010). 4808:"Boulder Canyon Project Act" 4733:Rodriguez Flessa et al. 2001 4598:"Frequently Asked Questions" 2504:"Construction of Hoover Dam" 2347: 1883: 1688: 1532: 897:In the following years, the 232:Elevation at crest 219:726.4 ft (221.4 m) 63:Boulder Dam (disambiguation) 7: 8142:Mohave Electric Cooperative 8077:Gila River Indian Community 7540:Dead Horse Point State Park 7098:Lower Colorado River Valley 6286:Reapportionment Act of 1929 5130:Arrigo, Anthony F. (2014). 5082:Stevens, Joseph E. (1988). 5036:The Story of the Hoover Dam 4261:"Parker Dam and Powerplant" 4231:"Hoover Dam and Powerplant" 4075:. E&E Publishing, LLC. 2207: 1844: 1834: 1824: 1814: 1804: 1794: 1784: 1774: 1764: 1754: 1744: 1734: 1724: 1714: 1704: 1273: 1242:Marion Power Shovel Company 876:electric power transmission 56:Hoover Dam (disambiguation) 10: 8851: 8730:Dams on the Colorado River 8151:Trico Electric Cooperative 7618:U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 7550:Grand Canyon National Park 7535:Colorado National Monument 6594:Herbert C. Hoover Building 6321:Federal Home Loan Bank Act 5412:Hoover Dam – Visitors Site 4769:Minckley Marsh et al. 2003 4444:Bureau of Reclamation 2006 4348:Quartz (August 22, 2018), 4208:Ian James (May 27, 2021). 4027:Bureau of Reclamation 2006 3961:"Hoover Dam and Lake Mead" 3862:Bureau of Reclamation 2006 3625:"Fatalities at Hoover Dam" 2791:, H.R. 5773, 45 2508:Water and Power Associates 2178:National Historic Landmark 1936: 1851: 1741:Southern California Edison 1687: 369:U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 356:1,219 ft (372 m) 235:1,232 ft (376 m) 227:1,244 ft (379 m) 185:U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 166:$ 49 million (1931 budget) 60: 53: 8641: 8618: 8580: 8557: 8534: 8516: 8432: 8409: 8291: 8238: 8229:White Pine Energy Station 8196: 8117: 8073:Electrical District No. 8 8070:Electrical District No. 7 8067:Electrical District No. 6 8064:Electrical District No. 5 8061:Electrical District No. 4 8058:Electrical District No. 3 8055:Electrical District No. 2 8031: 7998: 7990:UniSource Energy Services 7960: 7944: 7913: 7895: 7867: 7806: 7718: 7675: 7568: 7530:Canyonlands National Park 7517: 7477: 7429: 7363: 7280: 7273: 7161: 7050: 6934: 6899: 6817: 6740: 6705: 6662: 6638: 6561: 6525: 6495:Russian Famine Relief Act 6455: 6437: 6291:Wall Street Crash of 1929 6238: 6210: 6148: 6025:Little Church of the West 5870:Old Boulder City Hospital 5850: 5768: 5762: 5744: 5739: 5599:Hoover Dam, Circuits 1–15 5474:"The story of Hoover Dam" 4628:"Hoover Tour information" 3593:DuTemple, Lesley (2003). 2119:Secretary of the Interior 1357:Secretary of the Interior 1335:Dedication and completion 1237:accumulated erosion soils 1048:Utah Construction Company 868:Southern Pacific Railroad 736: 728: 720: 712: 707: 695:NRHP reference 694: 684: 674: 662: 654: 617: 607: 526: 517: 513: 504: 495: 488: 484: 480: 467: 449: 439: 429: 391: 381: 373: 365: 360: 352: 344: 340:112 mi (180 km) 336: 328: 318: 310: 302: 294: 284: 279: 271: 263: 255: 247: 239: 231: 223: 215: 205: 201:Concrete gravity-arch dam 195: 190: 180: 172: 162: 143: 135: 127: 119: 104: 96: 80: 75: 8815:PWA Moderne architecture 8306:Blue Mountain Faulkner 1 8091:Tribal Utility Authority 8044:Ak-Chin Indian Community 6502:U.S. Food Administration 6360:U.S. occupation of Haiti 5990:Las Vegas Grammar School 5985:Las Vegas Grammar School 5855:B-29 Serial No. 45-21847 5688:HAER No. NV-27-Y, " 5681:HAER No. NV-27-X, " 5674:HAER No. NV-27-W, " 5667:HAER No. NV-27-V, " 5660:HAER No. NV-27-U, " 5653:HAER No. NV-27-T, " 5646:HAER No. NV-27-S, " 5639:HAER No. NV-27-R, " 5632:HAER No. NV-27-Q, " 5625:HAER No. NV-27-P, " 5618:HAER No. NV-27-O, " 5611:HAER No. NV-27-N, " 5604:HAER No. NV-27-M, " 5597:HAER No. NV-27-L, " 5590:HAER No. NV-27-K, " 5583:HAER No. NV-27-J, " 5576:HAER No. NV-27-I, " 5569:HAER No. NV-27-H, " 5562:HAER No. NV-27-G, " 5555:HAER No. NV-27-F, " 5548:HAER No. NV-27-E, " 5541:HAER No. NV-27-D, " 5534:HAER No. NV-27-C, " 5527:HAER No. NV-27-B, " 5520:HAER No. NV-27-A, " 5019:. New York: Free Press. 4981:Cummings, Homer (1939). 4870:, Vol. 74 part 1, p. 646 4844:Dunar & McBride 2001 4745:Schmidt Webb et al. 1998 3948:Dunar & McBride 2001 3007:Dunar & McBride 2001 2920:Dunar & McBride 2001 2908:Dunar & McBride 2001 2648:Dunar & McBride 2001 2609:Dunar & McBride 2001 675:Architectural style 348:590 ft (180 m) 251:660 ft (200 m) 176:United States government 31:latest accepted revision 8526:Spring Valley Wind Farm 8039:Aha Macav Power Service 7970:Ajo Improvement Company 7454:Central Arizona Project 7444:Colorado River Aqueduct 7416:Theodore Roosevelt Lake 7376:Flaming Gorge Reservoir 6753:Franklin D. Roosevelt → 6651:English translation of 6331:Federal Home Loan Banks 6296:Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act 6100:Tim Springs Petroglyphs 6065:Pueblo Grande de Nevada 5925:Goodsprings Schoolhouse 5880:Boulder Dam Park Museum 4216:. The Arizona Republic. 4157:"Lake Mead Water Level" 3439:Bartojay & Joy 2010 2451:. National Park Service 2266:Renewable energy portal 1995:or Nevada State Routes 1731:Los Angeles, California 1641:Central Arizona Project 1637:Colorado River Aqueduct 1445:Tile floor designed by 1143:General Superintendent 910:Planning and agreements 882:was considered for its 431:Installed capacity 136:Construction began 8715:Dams completed in 1936 8628:Marketplace substation 7975:Arizona Public Service 7962:Investor-owned utility 7588:Colorado River Compact 7485:Boulder Canyon Project 6548:Lou Henry Hoover House 5975:Jay Dayton Smith House 5945:Harrison's Guest House 5716:HAER No. NV-45, " 5709:HAER No. NV-44, " 5702:HAER No. NV-43, " 5695:HAER No. NV-42, " 5513:HAER No. NV-27, " 5320:10.1006/jare.2001.0845 4985:. New York: Scribners. 2110: 2047: 2020:attack on Pearl Harbor 1964: 1956: 1948: 1897: 1620: 1574: 1547: 1515: 1457: 1449: 1387: 1347: 1325:alkali–silica reaction 1286: 1232: 1179: 1151: 1124: 1116: 1016: 991:On December 21, 1928, 982:1927 Mississippi flood 967:Colorado River Compact 937: 850: 713:First Power Generation 639:36.01556°N 114.73778°W 451:Annual generation 311:Inactive capacity 272:Spillway capacity 243:45 ft (14 m) 163:Construction cost 113:Mohave County, Arizona 8536:Natural gas pipelines 8050:Colorado River Agency 8013:Page Electric Utility 7985:Tucson Electric Power 7577:Arizona v. California 7221:Little Colorado River 6733:(great-granddaughter) 6543:Hoover–Minthorn House 6478:University Foundation 6414:Judicial appointments 6387:Medicine Ball Cabinet 6085:Sloan Petroglyph Site 6005:Las Vegas Mormon Fort 5713:", 43 data pages 5706:", 46 data pages 5699:", 14 data pages 5508:(HAER) documentation: 5342:. Las Vegas, Nevada: 5200:. Las Vegas, Nevada: 5146:. Las Vegas, Nevada: 5065:10.1061/41173(414)200 4694:Glenn Lee et al. 1996 3914:on September 28, 2010 3838:True & Kirby 2009 3826:True & Kirby 2009 3814:True & Kirby 2009 3802:True & Kirby 2009 3790:True & Kirby 2009 3778:True & Kirby 2009 3732:True & Kirby 2009 2402:Bureau of Reclamation 2290:Ralph Luther Criswell 2104: 2042: 1971:. In the wake of the 1962: 1954: 1946: 1891: 1791:Riverside, California 1680:Bureau of Reclamation 1618: 1572: 1545: 1513: 1455: 1444: 1382: 1353:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1342: 1281: 1230: 1177: 1142: 1122: 1114: 1014: 954:Secretary of Commerce 929: 899:Bureau of Reclamation 874:As the technology of 842: 774:Franklin D. Roosevelt 353:Normal elevation 197:Type of dam 8795:Naming controversies 8750:Engineering projects 7897:Solar thermal plants 7525:Arches National Park 7371:Fontenelle Reservoir 7068:Colorado River Basin 7008:Middle Granite Gorge 6316:Mexican Repatriation 6095:Thomas Leavitt House 5905:Desert Valley Museum 5221:Conservation Biology 5204:. pp. 267–287. 4868:Congressional Record 4267:on November 17, 2004 3665:on December 30, 2016 2238:United States portal 2052:Colorado River Delta 2035:Environmental impact 1771:Pasadena, California 1761:Glendale, California 1751:Boulder City, Nevada 1436:daylight saving time 1190:side and two on the 1096:Boulder City, Nevada 835:Search for resources 812:Boulder City, Nevada 810:and is located near 806:Hoover Dam impounds 780:, but was named the 644:36.01556; -114.73778 612:Boulder City, Nevada 573:Show map of USA West 441:Capacity factor 374:Commission date 303:Active capacity 109:Clark County, Nevada 70:Dam in Arizona, U.S. 54:For other uses, see 8559:Petroleum pipelines 8544:Kern River Pipeline 8052:Electrical Services 8032:Government agencies 7914:Photovoltaic plants 7721:generating stations 7678:generating stations 7613:Rapids and features 7381:Blue Mesa Reservoir 7013:Lower Granite Gorge 6512:Finnish Relief Fund 6463:Sons of Gwalia mine 6367:London Naval Treaty 6311:Revenue Act of 1932 6306:Economy Act of 1932 5965:Hidden Forest Cabin 5900:Corn Creek Campsite 5492:American Experience 5346:. pp. 85–123. 5312:2001JArEn..49..183R 5233:1996ConBi..10.1175G 4509:, pp. 391–392. 4358:on October 30, 2021 3950:, pp. 280–281. 3852:, pp. 379–380. 3840:, pp. 361–362. 3828:, pp. 354–356. 3780:, pp. 342–343. 3756:on January 12, 2012 3701:, pp. 284–286. 3509:, pp. 250–252. 3453:, pp. 366–369. 3426:, pp. 327–330. 3414:, pp. 193–194. 3402:, pp. 325–326. 3390:, pp. 323–324. 3345:, pp. 387–390. 3333:, pp. 331–332. 3309:, pp. 308–309. 3258:, pp. 318–319. 3213:, pp. 305–306. 3117:, pp. 362–365. 3069:, pp. 234–237. 3045:, pp. 226–228. 3021:, pp. 219–220. 2898:, pp. 144–145. 2383:figures follow the 2337:Water in California 2079:Colorado pikeminnow 2065:where the level of 1981:semi-trailer trucks 1933:Roadway and tourism 1841:Banning, California 1811:Burbank, California 1781:Anaheim, California 1651:is supplied by the 1412:Architectural style 1375:Construction deaths 1291:heats and contracts 1076:Six Companies, Inc. 962:Wyoming v. Colorado 903:Arthur Powell Davis 801:Six Companies, Inc. 797:hydroelectric power 729:Designated NHL 635: / 337:Maximum length 320:Catchment area 295:Total capacity 150:(88 years ago) 21:Page version status 8582:Transmission lines 8498:Silver State South 8493:Silver State North 8095:Salt River Project 8023:Thatcher Utilities 8001:municipality owned 7859:Theodore Roosevelt 7807:Hydroelectric dams 7623:William Mulholland 7459:All-American Canal 7449:San Diego Aqueduct 7411:Imperial Reservoir 7231:Roaring Fork River 6719:Herbert Hoover Jr. 6599:U.S. Postage stamp 6589:Hoover Institution 6279:Federal Farm Board 6110:Tule Springs Ranch 6040:Moulin Rouge Hotel 6035:Mormon Well Spring 5150:. pp. 74–84. 4416:The New York Times 2682:. December 9, 2011 2331:St. Thomas, Nevada 2111: 2097:Naming controversy 2048: 1965: 1957: 1949: 1898: 1831:Colton, California 1801:Vernon, California 1670:Power distribution 1649:All-American Canal 1621: 1575: 1548: 1516: 1500:Oskar J. W. Hansen 1458: 1450: 1427:Gordon B. Kaufmann 1388: 1384:Oskar J. W. Hansen 1348: 1287: 1233: 1180: 1152: 1125: 1117: 1017: 1001:All-American Canal 993:President Coolidge 946:interstate compact 938: 851: 716:September 11, 1936 548:Show map of Nevada 264:Spillway type 240:Width (crest) 27: 8690:Arch-gravity dams 8662: 8661: 8386:Steamboat Springs 8311:Brady Hot Springs 8283:Walter M. Higgins 8206:Ely Energy Center 8158: 8157: 8107:Utility Authority 8079:Utility Authority 8046:Electric Utility 7685:Abitibi Snowflake 7631: 7630: 7513: 7512: 7176:Dirty Devil River 7113:Palo Verde Valley 7019:Grand Wash Canyon 6964:Horsethief Canyon 6776: 6775: 6746:← Calvin Coolidge 6623:(1979 miniseries) 6517:Hoover Commission 6372:Hoover Moratorium 6170: 6169: 6140:Woodlawn Cemetery 6125:Walking Box Ranch 6120:Washington School 6055:Parley Hunt House 6050:Overton Gymnasium 6015:Las Vegas Springs 5955:Huntridge Theater 5915:Eureka Locomotive 5875:Boulder Dam Hotel 5802: 5801: 5797: 5796: 5731:Crossings of the 5353:978-0-7844-1141-4 5211:978-0-7844-1141-4 5157:978-0-7844-1141-4 5116:978-0-9817238-1-5 5097:978-0-8061-2283-0 5074:978-0-7844-1173-5 5046:978-0-913814-79-6 5026:978-1-4165-3216-3 5003:978-0-87417-489-2 4719:978-1-55963-949-1 4671:Trips to Discover 4470:on March 14, 2010 4446:, pp. 50–52. 4052:on August 6, 2016 4008:on March 23, 2010 3093:, pp. 73–78. 3081:, pp. 70–73. 2934:, pp. 53–54. 2886:, pp. 45–46. 2862:, pp. 35–42. 2838:, pp. 27–28. 2801:December 21, 1928 2715:, pp. 81–87. 2703:, pp. 73–79. 2665:, pp. 26–27. 2599:, pp. 58–59. 2584:, pp. 55–56. 2572:, pp. 57–60. 2560:, pp. 41–50. 2548:, pp. 20–27. 2301:Hoover Dam Police 2149:Los Angeles Times 2107:Los Angeles Times 1977:Hoover Dam Bypass 1881: 1880: 1849: 1848: 1821:Azusa, California 1462:Allen Tupper True 1447:Allen Tupper True 1072:J.F. Shea Company 824:Hoover Dam Bypass 740: 739: 708:Significant dates 422: 414: 329:Surface area 248:Width (base) 191:Dam and spillways 144:Opening date 18: 8842: 8482:Nevada Solar One 8366:Richard Burdette 8316:Clayton Valley 1 8185: 8178: 8171: 8162: 8161: 7854:Stewart Mountain 7733:Arlington Valley 7658: 7651: 7644: 7635: 7634: 7518:Designated areas 7500:Grand Valley AVA 7364:Major reservoirs 7278: 7277: 7073:Colorado Plateau 7051:Natural features 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6973:Westwater Canyon 6929: 6923: 6917: 6911: 6905: 6892: 6885: 6873: 6866: 6859: 6852: 6845: 6838: 6831: 6803: 6796: 6789: 6780: 6779: 6765: 6764: 6713:Lou Henry Hoover 6646:Freedom Betrayed 6468:Zinc Corporation 6450: 6443: 6426:Executive Orders 6377:Stimson Doctrine 6231: 6222: 6197: 6190: 6183: 6174: 6173: 5829: 5822: 5815: 5806: 5805: 5786: 5785: 5781: 5780: 5757: 5756: 5742: 5727: 5726: 5479:Internet Archive 5466:Internet Archive 5453:Internet Archive 5440:Internet Archive 5408: 5407: 5405:Official website 5392: 5382: 5357: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5297: 5287: 5277: 5252: 5227:(4): 1175–1186. 5215: 5188: 5186: 5177:(12): 998–1003. 5161: 5120: 5101: 5089: 5078: 5050: 5030: 5018: 5007: 4986: 4977: 4955: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4933: 4926: 4916: 4910: 4904: 4895: 4889: 4883: 4877: 4871: 4865: 4859: 4853: 4847: 4841: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4820:on June 13, 2011 4819: 4812: 4804: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4760: 4754: 4748: 4742: 4736: 4730: 4724: 4723: 4703: 4697: 4691: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4662: 4656: 4650: 4644: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4608:on June 13, 2010 4604:. Archived from 4594: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4550: 4543: 4535: 4529: 4528: 4516: 4510: 4504: 4495: 4489: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4456: 4447: 4441: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4391:on July 14, 2014 4376: 4367: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4354:, archived from 4345: 4339: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4314: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4241:on June 13, 2011 4227: 4218: 4217: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4179: 4173: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4153: 4147: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4068: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4051: 4044: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4013: 3998: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3957: 3951: 3945: 3939: 3933: 3924: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3900: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3881:. March 12, 2015 3871: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3835: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3811: 3805: 3799: 3793: 3787: 3781: 3775: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3720: 3718: 3708: 3702: 3696: 3687: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3590: 3584: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3560: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3537:on June 23, 2010 3523: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3481: 3475: 3469: 3463: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3427: 3421: 3415: 3409: 3403: 3397: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3368: 3361: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3274: 3268: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3237:on June 23, 2010 3223: 3214: 3208: 3202: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3180:on June 23, 2010 3166: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3131: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3046: 3040: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2986: 2980: 2974: 2968: 2962: 2956: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2911: 2905: 2899: 2893: 2887: 2881: 2875: 2869: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2845: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2786: 2782: 2777: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2722: 2716: 2710: 2704: 2698: 2692: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2680:wrrc.arizona.edu 2672: 2666: 2660: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2600: 2594: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2518: 2512: 2511: 2500: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2484:on July 16, 2010 2470: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2446: 2438: 2432: 2431: 2430:. June 27, 2021. 2424: 2418: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2404:. Archived from 2394: 2388: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2357: 2282: 2277: 2276: 2275: 2268: 2263: 2262: 2254: 2249: 2248: 2240: 2235: 2234: 2233: 2226: 2221: 2220: 2219: 2200: 2189: 2157:Great Depression 2136:Edward T. Taylor 2089:, are listed as 2087:Razorback sucker 1927:Grand Coulee Dam 1871: 1859: 1721:State of Arizona 1689: 1685: 1684: 1134:heat prostration 1060:Portland, Oregon 1052:Morrison-Knudsen 1037:performance bond 1021:arch-gravity dam 936: 933: 849: 846: 770:Great Depression 750:arch-gravity dam 698: 650: 649: 647: 646: 645: 640: 636: 633: 632: 631: 628: 599: 593: 592: 586: 574: 568: 567: 561: 549: 543: 542: 536: 522: 476: 418: 410: 158: 156: 151: 85: 73: 72: 8850: 8849: 8845: 8844: 8843: 8841: 8840: 8839: 8720:Dams in Arizona 8665: 8664: 8663: 8658: 8637: 8633:Mead substation 8614: 8576: 8567:Calnev Pipeline 8553: 8530: 8512: 8462:Edward W. Clark 8452:Copper Mountain 8428: 8405: 8381:Steamboat Hills 8287: 8253:Edward W. Clark 8234: 8192: 8189: 8159: 8154: 8113: 8027: 8000: 7994: 7956: 7940: 7909: 7891: 7863: 7802: 7720: 7714: 7705:H. Wilson Sundt 7677: 7671: 7662: 7632: 7627: 7564: 7509: 7473: 7469:Coachella Canal 7431: 7425: 7421:San Carlos Lake 7359: 7290:Shadow Mountain 7269: 7186:Escalante River 7157: 7148:Montague Island 7138:Imperial Valley 7118:Colorado Desert 7063:Rocky Mountains 7046: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6995: 6978:Cataract Canyon 6960:De Beque Canyon 6955:Glenwood Canyon 6930: 6924: 6918: 6912: 6906: 6897: 6888: 6883:Baja California 6881: 6869: 6862: 6855: 6848: 6841: 6834: 6827: 6813: 6807: 6777: 6772: 6736: 6731:Margaret Hoover 6701: 6658: 6653:De re metallica 6634: 6557: 6521: 6451: 6445: 6444: 6435: 6301:National anthem 6242: 6234: 6225: 6214: 6206: 6201: 6171: 6166: 6144: 6090:Spirit Mountain 6075:Sandstone Ranch 5890:Camp Lee Canyon 5846: 5833: 5803: 5798: 5783: 5778: 5776: 5772: 5766: 5754: 5752: 5748: 5735: 5724: 5723: 5509: 5471:The short film 5458:The short film 5445:The short film 5432:The short film 5403: 5402: 5399: 5380:10.2307/1313336 5354: 5324: 5322: 5295: 5212: 5158: 5127: 5117: 5098: 5075: 5047: 5033: 5027: 5004: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4950: 4946: 4937: 4935: 4931: 4924: 4918: 4917: 4913: 4905: 4898: 4890: 4886: 4878: 4874: 4866: 4862: 4854: 4850: 4842: 4833: 4823: 4821: 4817: 4810: 4806: 4805: 4801: 4791: 4789: 4780: 4779: 4775: 4767: 4763: 4755: 4751: 4743: 4739: 4731: 4727: 4720: 4704: 4700: 4692: 4685: 4675: 4673: 4663: 4659: 4651: 4647: 4637: 4635: 4634:on May 28, 2010 4626: 4625: 4621: 4611: 4609: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4581: 4579: 4568: 4564: 4554: 4552: 4551:on May 28, 2010 4548: 4541: 4537: 4536: 4532: 4517: 4513: 4505: 4498: 4490: 4483: 4473: 4471: 4458: 4457: 4450: 4442: 4435: 4425: 4423: 4408: 4404: 4394: 4392: 4377: 4370: 4361: 4359: 4346: 4342: 4332: 4330: 4315: 4311: 4301: 4299: 4284: 4280: 4270: 4268: 4259: 4258: 4254: 4244: 4242: 4229: 4228: 4221: 4206: 4202: 4192: 4190: 4189:. June 11, 2021 4181: 4180: 4176: 4166: 4164: 4155: 4154: 4150: 4140: 4138: 4127: 4123: 4113: 4111: 4096: 4092: 4082: 4080: 4069: 4065: 4055: 4053: 4049: 4042: 4038: 4037: 4033: 4025: 4021: 4011: 4009: 4000: 3999: 3984: 3974: 3972: 3959: 3958: 3954: 3946: 3942: 3934: 3927: 3917: 3915: 3902: 3901: 3894: 3884: 3882: 3873: 3872: 3868: 3860: 3856: 3848: 3844: 3836: 3832: 3824: 3820: 3812: 3808: 3800: 3796: 3788: 3784: 3776: 3769: 3759: 3757: 3746:"The Grand Dam" 3742: 3738: 3730: 3723: 3709: 3705: 3697: 3690: 3682: 3678: 3668: 3666: 3653: 3652: 3648: 3638: 3636: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3611: 3591: 3587: 3577: 3575: 3574:on May 15, 2011 3562: 3561: 3550: 3540: 3538: 3525: 3524: 3513: 3505: 3501: 3493: 3484: 3476: 3472: 3464: 3457: 3449: 3445: 3437: 3430: 3422: 3418: 3410: 3406: 3398: 3394: 3386: 3382: 3372: 3370: 3366: 3359: 3353: 3349: 3341: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3305: 3301: 3291: 3289: 3288:on May 28, 2010 3276: 3275: 3271: 3266: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3240: 3238: 3225: 3224: 3217: 3209: 3205: 3197: 3193: 3183: 3181: 3168: 3167: 3158: 3148: 3146: 3145:on May 14, 2012 3133: 3132: 3121: 3113: 3109: 3101: 3097: 3089: 3085: 3077: 3073: 3065: 3061: 3053: 3049: 3041: 3037: 3029: 3025: 3017: 3013: 3005: 3001: 2993: 2989: 2981: 2977: 2969: 2965: 2957: 2950: 2942: 2938: 2930: 2926: 2918: 2914: 2906: 2902: 2894: 2890: 2882: 2878: 2870: 2866: 2858: 2854: 2846: 2842: 2834: 2830: 2822: 2818: 2810: 2806: 2784: 2778: 2774: 2766: 2762: 2754: 2750: 2740: 2738: 2723: 2719: 2711: 2707: 2699: 2695: 2685: 2683: 2674: 2673: 2669: 2661: 2654: 2646: 2642: 2634: 2627: 2619: 2615: 2607: 2603: 2595: 2588: 2580: 2576: 2568: 2564: 2556: 2552: 2544: 2540: 2530: 2528: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2487: 2485: 2472: 2471: 2464: 2454: 2452: 2444: 2440: 2439: 2435: 2426: 2425: 2421: 2411: 2409: 2408:on May 20, 2012 2396: 2395: 2391: 2372: 2370: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2296:Glen Canyon Dam 2286: 2285: 2278: 2273: 2271: 2264: 2257: 2250: 2243: 2236: 2231: 2229: 2222: 2217: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2204: 2203: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2190: 2166: 2099: 2063:inverse estuary 2037: 1941: 1935: 1886: 1875: 1872: 1863: 1860: 1711:State of Nevada 1672: 1560:Francis turbine 1540: 1535: 1414: 1405:carbon monoxide 1377: 1360:Harold L. Ickes 1337: 1276: 1217: 1172: 1170:River diversion 1109: 1104: 1068:Bechtel Company 1064:Henry J. Kaiser 1046:, heads of the 1044:Wattis Brothers 1009: 986:St. Francis Dam 934: 912: 860:Imperial Valley 847: 837: 832: 732:August 20, 1985 668:Gordon Kaufmann 643: 641: 637: 634: 629: 626: 624: 622: 621: 603: 602: 601: 600: 597: 596: 595: 594: 577: 576: 575: 572: 571: 570: 569: 552: 551: 550: 547: 546: 545: 544: 509: 500: 491: 472: 471: 425: 256:Dam volume 167: 154: 152: 149: 148: 92: 71: 66: 59: 52: 47: 46: 45: 44: 43: 42: 26: 12: 11: 5: 8848: 8838: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8725:Dams in Nevada 8722: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8660: 8659: 8657: 8656: 8651: 8645: 8643: 8639: 8638: 8636: 8635: 8630: 8624: 8622: 8616: 8615: 8613: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8586: 8584: 8578: 8577: 8575: 8574: 8569: 8563: 8561: 8555: 8554: 8552: 8551: 8546: 8540: 8538: 8532: 8531: 8529: 8528: 8522: 8520: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8457:Crescent Dunes 8454: 8449: 8444: 8438: 8436: 8430: 8429: 8427: 8426: 8421: 8415: 8413: 8407: 8406: 8404: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8351:McGinnis Hills 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8297: 8295: 8289: 8288: 8286: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8263:Frank A. Tracy 8260: 8258:Fort Churchill 8255: 8250: 8244: 8242: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8232: 8226: 8220: 8215: 8209: 8202: 8200: 8194: 8193: 8188: 8187: 8180: 8173: 8165: 8156: 8155: 8153: 8152: 8149: 8146: 8143: 8140: 8137: 8136:Garkane Energy 8134: 8131: 8128: 8125: 8121: 8119: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8111: 8108: 8105:Tohono O’odham 8102: 8097: 8092: 8086: 8083: 8080: 8074: 8071: 8068: 8065: 8062: 8059: 8056: 8053: 8047: 8041: 8035: 8033: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8004: 8002: 7999:Community and 7996: 7995: 7993: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7966: 7964: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7954: 7948: 7946: 7945:Nuclear plants 7942: 7941: 7939: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7917: 7915: 7911: 7910: 7908: 7907: 7901: 7899: 7893: 7892: 7890: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7873: 7871: 7865: 7864: 7862: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7810: 7808: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7724: 7722: 7716: 7715: 7713: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7681: 7679: 7673: 7672: 7665:Power stations 7661: 7660: 7653: 7646: 7638: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7572: 7570: 7569:Related topics 7566: 7565: 7563: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7521: 7519: 7515: 7514: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7481: 7479: 7478:Water projects 7475: 7474: 7472: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7435: 7433: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7367: 7365: 7361: 7360: 7358: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7286: 7284: 7275: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7255:Las Vegas Wash 7252: 7247: 7238: 7236:San Juan River 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7211:Gunnison River 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7167: 7165: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7088:Sonoran Desert 7085: 7083:Horseshoe Bend 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7054: 7052: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7044: 7041: 7039:Pyramid Canyon 7036: 7031: 7029:Boulder Canyon 7026: 7023: 7022:Iceberg Canyon 7020: 7017: 7016: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6988: 6983: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6949: 6944: 6938: 6936: 6932: 6931: 6900: 6898: 6896: 6895: 6894: 6893: 6886: 6876: 6875: 6874: 6867: 6860: 6853: 6846: 6839: 6832: 6824:United States 6821: 6819: 6815: 6814: 6810:Colorado River 6806: 6805: 6798: 6791: 6783: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6770: 6757: 6756: 6749: 6741: 6738: 6737: 6735: 6734: 6728: 6722: 6716: 6709: 6707: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6668: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6656: 6648: 6642: 6640: 6636: 6635: 6633: 6632: 6624: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6565: 6563: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6529: 6527: 6523: 6522: 6520: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6498: 6497: 6487: 6486: 6485: 6480: 6470: 6465: 6459: 6457: 6453: 6452: 6438: 6436: 6434: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6422: 6421: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6395: 6394: 6389: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6363: 6362: 6357: 6347: 6346: 6345: 6335: 6334: 6333: 6328: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6282: 6281: 6271: 6266: 6264:Foreign policy 6261: 6256: 6250: 6248: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6232: 6223: 6211: 6208: 6207: 6204:Herbert Hoover 6200: 6199: 6192: 6185: 6177: 6168: 6167: 6165: 6164: 6157: 6149: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5970:Homestake Mine 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5860:Berkley Square 5857: 5851: 5848: 5847: 5832: 5831: 5824: 5817: 5809: 5800: 5799: 5795: 5794: 5767: 5761: 5740: 5737: 5736: 5733:Colorado River 5722: 5721: 5714: 5707: 5700: 5693: 5686: 5679: 5672: 5665: 5658: 5651: 5644: 5637: 5630: 5623: 5616: 5609: 5602: 5595: 5588: 5581: 5574: 5567: 5560: 5553: 5546: 5539: 5532: 5525: 5518: 5510: 5504: 5503: 5502: 5501: 5496: 5482: 5469: 5456: 5443: 5430: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5398: 5397:External links 5395: 5394: 5393: 5373:(9): 735–747. 5358: 5352: 5331: 5306:(1): 183–193. 5288: 5268:(3): 219–234. 5253: 5216: 5210: 5189: 5162: 5156: 5135: 5126: 5123: 5122: 5121: 5115: 5102: 5096: 5079: 5073: 5051: 5045: 5031: 5025: 5008: 5002: 4987: 4978: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4956: 4944: 4911: 4909:, p. 381. 4896: 4894:, p. 374. 4884: 4882:, p. 246. 4872: 4860: 4858:, p. 254. 4848: 4846:, p. 305. 4831: 4799: 4773: 4761: 4749: 4737: 4725: 4718: 4698: 4683: 4657: 4655:, p. 379. 4645: 4619: 4589: 4562: 4530: 4511: 4496: 4481: 4448: 4433: 4402: 4368: 4340: 4309: 4278: 4252: 4219: 4200: 4174: 4148: 4121: 4090: 4063: 4031: 4019: 3982: 3952: 3940: 3938:, p. 248. 3925: 3892: 3866: 3854: 3842: 3830: 3818: 3816:, p. 358. 3806: 3804:, p. 343. 3794: 3792:, p. 346. 3782: 3767: 3736: 3734:, p. 341. 3721: 3703: 3688: 3686:, p. 320. 3676: 3646: 3629:Desert Gazette 3616: 3609: 3596:The Hoover Dam 3585: 3548: 3511: 3499: 3497:, p. 372. 3482: 3480:, p. 304. 3470: 3468:, p. 373. 3455: 3443: 3428: 3416: 3404: 3392: 3380: 3347: 3335: 3323: 3321:, p. 104. 3311: 3299: 3278:"High Scalers" 3269: 3260: 3248: 3215: 3203: 3191: 3156: 3119: 3107: 3095: 3083: 3071: 3059: 3057:, p. 230. 3047: 3035: 3033:, p. 223. 3023: 3011: 2999: 2987: 2975: 2973:, p. 315. 2963: 2961:, p. 317. 2948: 2946:, p. 194. 2936: 2924: 2912: 2900: 2888: 2876: 2874:, p. 174. 2864: 2852: 2840: 2828: 2826:, p. 120. 2816: 2804: 2772: 2770:, p. 118. 2760: 2748: 2717: 2705: 2693: 2667: 2652: 2640: 2625: 2613: 2601: 2586: 2574: 2562: 2550: 2538: 2513: 2495: 2462: 2433: 2419: 2389: 2385:MeasuringWorth 2379:United States 2367:MeasuringWorth 2351: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2284: 2283: 2269: 2255: 2241: 2227: 2224:Arizona portal 2212: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2196: 2192: 2191: 2184: 2183: 2182: 2165: 2162: 2131:Homer Cummings 2098: 2095: 2036: 2033: 1934: 1931: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1837: 1836: 1833: 1827: 1826: 1823: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1807: 1806: 1803: 1797: 1796: 1793: 1787: 1786: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1773: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1753: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1737: 1736: 1733: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1717: 1716: 1713: 1707: 1706: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1693: 1671: 1668: 1598:Pelton turbine 1583:hydraulic head 1556:Allis Chalmers 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1492:The New Yorker 1413: 1410: 1393:Colorado River 1376: 1373: 1336: 1333: 1275: 1272: 1216: 1213: 1184:Colorado River 1171: 1168: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1025:John L. Savage 1008: 1005: 957:Herbert Hoover 921:geologic fault 911: 908: 880:Lower Colorado 878:improved, the 836: 833: 831: 828: 793:Boulder Canyon 778:Herbert Hoover 758:Colorado River 738: 737: 734: 733: 730: 726: 725: 722: 718: 717: 714: 710: 709: 705: 704: 699: 692: 691: 688: 682: 681: 676: 672: 671: 664: 660: 659: 656: 652: 651: 619: 615: 614: 609: 605: 604: 588: 587: 581: 580: 579: 578: 563: 562: 556: 555: 554: 553: 538: 537: 531: 530: 529: 528: 527: 524: 523: 515: 514: 511: 510: 505: 502: 501: 496: 493: 492: 489: 486: 485: 482: 481: 478: 477: 465: 464: 453: 447: 446: 443: 437: 436: 433: 427: 426: 424: 423: 415: 407: 404: 401: 397: 395: 389: 388: 385: 383:Hydraulic head 379: 378: 375: 371: 370: 367: 363: 362: 358: 357: 354: 350: 349: 346: 342: 341: 338: 334: 333: 330: 326: 325: 322: 316: 315: 312: 308: 307: 304: 300: 299: 296: 292: 291: 286: 282: 281: 277: 276: 273: 269: 268: 265: 261: 260: 257: 253: 252: 249: 245: 244: 241: 237: 236: 233: 229: 228: 225: 221: 220: 217: 213: 212: 210:Colorado River 207: 203: 202: 199: 193: 192: 188: 187: 182: 178: 177: 174: 170: 169: 164: 160: 159: 145: 141: 140: 137: 133: 132: 129: 125: 124: 121: 117: 116: 106: 102: 101: 98: 94: 93: 87:Hoover Dam by 86: 78: 77: 69: 50: 39:28 August 2024 28: 22: 19: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8847: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8830:U.S. Route 93 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8672: 8670: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8646: 8644: 8640: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8625: 8623: 8621: 8617: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8583: 8579: 8573: 8572:Unev pipeline 8570: 8568: 8565: 8564: 8562: 8560: 8556: 8550: 8549:Ruby Pipeline 8547: 8545: 8542: 8541: 8539: 8537: 8533: 8527: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8519: 8515: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8472:Mountain View 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8431: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8416: 8414: 8412: 8411:Hydroelectric 8408: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8346:Jersey Valley 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8298: 8296: 8294: 8290: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8245: 8243: 8241: 8237: 8230: 8227: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8213: 8210: 8207: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8199: 8195: 8186: 8181: 8179: 8174: 8172: 8167: 8166: 8163: 8150: 8147: 8144: 8141: 8138: 8135: 8132: 8129: 8126: 8123: 8122: 8120: 8116: 8109: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8090: 8087: 8084: 8081: 8078: 8075: 8072: 8069: 8066: 8063: 8060: 8057: 8054: 8051: 8048: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8036: 8034: 8030: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8005: 8003: 7997: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7967: 7965: 7963: 7959: 7953: 7950: 7949: 7947: 7943: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7921:Agua Caliente 7919: 7918: 7916: 7912: 7906: 7903: 7902: 7900: 7898: 7894: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7866: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7814:Childs-Irving 7812: 7811: 7809: 7805: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7725: 7723: 7717: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7682: 7680: 7674: 7670: 7666: 7659: 7654: 7652: 7647: 7645: 7640: 7639: 7636: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7578: 7574: 7573: 7571: 7567: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7522: 7520: 7516: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7482: 7480: 7476: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7436: 7434: 7430:Aqueducts and 7428: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7362: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7335:Headgate Rock 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7283: 7282:Mainstem dams 7279: 7276: 7272: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7260:Williams Fork 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7245:Tapeats Creek 7242: 7241:Thunder River 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7181:Dolores River 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7160: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7108:Parker Valley 7106: 7104: 7103:Mohave Valley 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7093:Mojave Desert 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7055: 7053: 7049: 7043:Mohave Canyon 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025:Virgin Canyon 7024: 7021: 7018: 7011: 7006: 7003:Granite Gorge 7001: 6998: 6997:Marble Canyon 6994: 6993: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982:Narrow Canyon 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6928: 6922: 6916: 6910: 6904: 6891: 6887: 6884: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6872: 6868: 6865: 6861: 6858: 6854: 6851: 6847: 6844: 6840: 6837: 6833: 6830: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6818:Jurisdictions 6816: 6811: 6804: 6799: 6797: 6792: 6790: 6785: 6784: 6781: 6769: 6768: 6759: 6758: 6755: 6754: 6750: 6748: 6747: 6743: 6742: 6739: 6732: 6729: 6726: 6723: 6720: 6717: 6714: 6711: 6710: 6708: 6704: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6665: 6661: 6655: 6654: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6643: 6641: 6637: 6630: 6629: 6625: 6622: 6621: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6560: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6530: 6528: 6524: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6491: 6488: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6475: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6454: 6449: 6442: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6420: 6419:Supreme Court 6417: 6416: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6384: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6351: 6348: 6344: 6341: 6340: 6339: 6336: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6323: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6280: 6277: 6276: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6241: 6237: 6229: 6224: 6220: 6217: 6213: 6212: 6209: 6205: 6198: 6193: 6191: 6186: 6184: 6179: 6178: 6175: 6163: 6162: 6158: 6156: 6155: 6151: 6150: 6147: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5852: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5830: 5825: 5823: 5818: 5816: 5811: 5810: 5807: 5793: 5789: 5775: 5771: 5765: 5760: 5751: 5750:Navajo Bridge 5747: 5743: 5738: 5734: 5728: 5719: 5715: 5712: 5708: 5705: 5701: 5698: 5694: 5691: 5687: 5684: 5680: 5677: 5673: 5670: 5666: 5663: 5659: 5656: 5652: 5649: 5645: 5642: 5638: 5635: 5631: 5628: 5624: 5621: 5617: 5614: 5610: 5607: 5603: 5600: 5596: 5593: 5589: 5586: 5582: 5579: 5575: 5572: 5568: 5565: 5561: 5558: 5554: 5551: 5547: 5544: 5540: 5537: 5533: 5530: 5526: 5523: 5519: 5516: 5512: 5511: 5507: 5500: 5497: 5494: 5493: 5488: 5487: 5483: 5480: 5476: 5475: 5470: 5467: 5463: 5462: 5457: 5454: 5450: 5449: 5444: 5441: 5437: 5436: 5435:"Boulder Dam" 5431: 5429: 5428: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5406: 5401: 5400: 5390: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5359: 5355: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5332: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5294: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5217: 5213: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5163: 5159: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5136: 5133: 5129: 5128: 5125:Other sources 5118: 5112: 5108: 5103: 5099: 5093: 5088: 5087: 5080: 5076: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5052: 5048: 5042: 5038: 5037: 5032: 5028: 5022: 5017: 5016: 5009: 5005: 4999: 4995: 4994: 4988: 4984: 4979: 4975: 4970: 4969: 4953: 4948: 4930: 4923: 4922: 4915: 4908: 4903: 4901: 4893: 4888: 4881: 4876: 4869: 4864: 4857: 4856:Cummings 1939 4852: 4845: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4816: 4809: 4803: 4787: 4783: 4777: 4770: 4765: 4758: 4753: 4746: 4741: 4734: 4729: 4721: 4715: 4711: 4710: 4702: 4695: 4690: 4688: 4672: 4668: 4661: 4654: 4649: 4633: 4629: 4623: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4593: 4577: 4573: 4566: 4547: 4540: 4534: 4526: 4525:azcentral.com 4522: 4515: 4508: 4503: 4501: 4493: 4488: 4486: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4455: 4453: 4445: 4440: 4438: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4406: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4375: 4373: 4357: 4353: 4352: 4344: 4328: 4324: 4323:CleanTechnica 4320: 4313: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4282: 4266: 4262: 4256: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4226: 4224: 4215: 4214:azcentral.com 4211: 4204: 4188: 4184: 4178: 4162: 4158: 4152: 4136: 4132: 4125: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4094: 4078: 4074: 4067: 4048: 4041: 4035: 4029:, p. 40. 4028: 4023: 4007: 4003: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3956: 3949: 3944: 3937: 3932: 3930: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3899: 3897: 3880: 3876: 3870: 3864:, p. 43. 3863: 3858: 3851: 3846: 3839: 3834: 3827: 3822: 3815: 3810: 3803: 3798: 3791: 3786: 3779: 3774: 3772: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3740: 3733: 3728: 3726: 3716: 3715: 3707: 3700: 3695: 3693: 3685: 3680: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3650: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3620: 3612: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3597: 3589: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3508: 3503: 3496: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3479: 3474: 3467: 3462: 3460: 3452: 3447: 3440: 3435: 3433: 3425: 3420: 3413: 3408: 3401: 3396: 3389: 3384: 3365: 3358: 3351: 3344: 3339: 3332: 3327: 3320: 3315: 3308: 3303: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3264: 3257: 3252: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3222: 3220: 3212: 3207: 3201:, p. 84. 3200: 3195: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3116: 3111: 3105:, p. 78. 3104: 3099: 3092: 3087: 3080: 3075: 3068: 3063: 3056: 3051: 3044: 3039: 3032: 3027: 3020: 3015: 3009:, p. 40. 3008: 3003: 2997:, p. 56. 2996: 2991: 2985:, p. 65. 2984: 2979: 2972: 2967: 2960: 2955: 2953: 2945: 2940: 2933: 2928: 2922:, p. 32. 2921: 2916: 2910:, p. 28. 2909: 2904: 2897: 2892: 2885: 2880: 2873: 2868: 2861: 2856: 2850:, p. 34. 2849: 2844: 2837: 2832: 2825: 2820: 2814:, p. 27. 2813: 2808: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2783: 2776: 2769: 2764: 2757: 2752: 2741:September 29, 2736: 2732: 2728: 2721: 2714: 2709: 2702: 2697: 2681: 2677: 2671: 2664: 2659: 2657: 2649: 2644: 2638:, p. 68. 2637: 2632: 2630: 2623:, p. 67. 2622: 2617: 2610: 2605: 2598: 2593: 2591: 2583: 2578: 2571: 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