1163:
473:
624:. His son feared a reversal of the balance of power and summoned a Reichstag for Easter 1106. Henry IV had already begun to organize resistance against his son, but suddenly died on 7 August 1106 in Liège, where he received an honorable funeral. The princes opposed a funeral in Speyer, but Henry V overruled this decision. On 24 August, he had his father's body dug up and transferred to Speyer, since in Liège some form of veneration of the deceased as a saint was about to begin. The re-burial at the Speyer crypta would imply continuity and help stabilize the position of the rebel son, who could
652:
42:
1234:. Without gaining the consensus of the princes, Henry arrested and detained Adalbert for over three years. Among threats of violence and dissent the Mainz citizens only succeed in November 1115 the archbishop (starved to skin and bones) to be released. The customs of amicable conflict resolution and demonstrative gentleness that had been handed down from the Ottonian era had lost importance under Henry IV and Henry V. Rather, the Salian rulers sought to establish a concrete form of royal punishment. Adalbert became the great opponent of the Salian kingship.
1648:
negotiations and in autumn 1121 urged the emperor to make peace and seek balanced policies with regards to the Pope. This princely action was an important developmental step towards the establishment of consensual forms of rule as the princes acted cooperatively to bring about negotiations that end the conflict. A princely peace commission composed of equal numbers was appointed. Made up of twelve supporters and twelfe opponents of Henry, the committee intended to represent all imperial estates. The princely assembly, that chronicler
1752:
1245:, rebelled against Henry but was quickly subdued. In 1113, after the death of the childless Count Ulrich Margrave of Carniola, numerous Saxon nobles laid claims to this estate. However, Henry had obviously decided that the bequest would fall to the empire if there were no direct heirs. The king's idea nonetheless contradicted the Saxon legal concept and Henry obtained the endowment through approval of the royal princes but he completely avoided any dialogue with the Saxon nobles. Lothair, who rose in arms again was defeated at the
1378:
505:. On 12 December 1104, Henry V broke away from his father, thereby breaking the oath of allegiance to the ruling king. Henry V made his way to Regensburg, where he celebrated Christmas with his followers. While there, his father's enemies sought to convince him to revolt. Henry considered their arguments, but he was restrained by the oath he had taken to take no part in the business of the Empire during his father's lifetime. At the turn of the year 1104/05, he sent messengers to Rome to seek absolution from his loyalty oath by
1517:
a new power base against the overpowering opposition in the northern part of the empire. He had issued a whole series of court documents in advance, with which he intended to present himself as guarantor of law and justice in Italy. Henry was able to obtain
Matilda's property without any problems and his authority was accepted in all the Italian municipalities. Henry regarded Rome as to be of particular importance and, ardently welcomed, he honored the city with five visits, more than any other Salian king.
1592:
1496:
1293:
Cologne off from all river trade and transportation. At this point, the citizens of
Cologne assembled a large force, including bowmen, and crossed the river, formed their ranks, and prepared to meet Henry's army. The Cologne bowmen were able to break the armor of Henry's soldiers; it was summer, the weather was sultry, and the soldiers had removed their armor to find relief from the heat. Henry subsequently withdrew, turned south, and sacked Bonn and Jülich. On his return to Deutz, he was met by
1581:
1484:
4400:
5047:
3977:
1194:
6067:
668:
957:). This honor, that determined the rank of the king was an idea, that had developed among the latest Salians towards a concept of lordship from which also future imperial claims on Southern Italy and on Matilda's property were derived. Matilda, who in 1079 had indeed intended to bequeath all her property to the pope in the event of her childlessness, now opted for an agreement between the pope and the king, and deployed the name
1305:. After an initial skirmish in which Duke Henry of Lorraine was forced to withdraw, the insurgent's troops and the emperor's force of Swabians, Bavarians, and Franconians clashed. The young men of Cologne, including many journeymen and apprentices, created a fearful din of noise, slashing at all who came near them. Theodric threw his force into the fight, and the emperor's army was forced back. The defeat at
999:
1301:(William I), Lambert of Mulenarke, and Eberhard of Gandernol, who put up a stout resistance in which the latter was killed. Theodoric, Gerhard, and Lambert were taken prisoner. When Frederick, Count of Westphalia, arrived with his brother, also named Henry, and their substantial force, the emperor withdrew, barely escaping capture. Finally, in October 1114, the two armies met on a plain near
1070:
637:
1226:, imperial chancellor since 14 February 1106, who had greatly influenced imperial politics. Adalbert was appointed Archbishop of Mainz in 1109 and accompanied Henry on the Italian campaign of 1110/11. In the process of the consolidation and expansion of power, the possessions of the Mainz Church overlapped with the Salian imperial estate at the
1739:. In August 1124 Henry V began preparations for a campaign into France with very limited ducal support. The attack spurred a hitherto unknown patriotic feeling of unity in France, which the French King Louis VI utilized for the deployment of a massive army against which Henry V's forces represented no match. The campaign was abandoned near
1638:
in 1077, the ideas of penitence and the personal exposure within one's social status could no longer be reconciled by another papal ban, as the intrinsic meanings symbolized subordination to the Pope. It is, however not certain whether the negotiations failed due to those circumstances. Only upon the
1149:
The funeral ritual was of particular importance to Henry regarding the legitimization of his rule. At the funeral, he had presented himself as the loyal son and legitimate heir of the late emperor and demonstrated dynastic continuity. At the same time, he made it clear that his kingship was based not
924:
commanded a second column that entered Italy from the southeast of the empire and had orders to rendez-vous with the main contingent near
Roncaglia. This impressive display of integrity proved that even the clans that had opposed and violently fought Henry's father were now on the Salian side. Welf's
836:
eventually demanded Henry's complete renunciation of the investiture of clerics. However, the king and the bishops collaborated further as the Pope proved incapable to suppress these practices. Attempts to come to any form of agreement on the question of the investiture failed in 1106 at the Synod of
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on 27 July 1101. The continued existence of the Salian dynasty now depended on Henry V, the only living son of the emperor. The co-regency of son and father proceeded without obvious problems for six years. Contrary to previous ruling sons, Henry V was not involved in government affairs. His father's
1835:
of Saint-Denis, Henry was a troublemaker, who died justly within a year of his attack on France in 1124. For Suger, national standards did not matter, but the souvereign's attitude towards the pope constituted the decisive component for his judgment. For
Geoffrey of Vendôme Henry was the incarnation
1516:
died. Matilda's death on 24 July 1115 caused Henry, accompanied only by a small contingent, to leave for Italy in
February 1116 in order to secure his inheritance of the enormous property complex in Upper and Central Italy. In addition, he wished to stabilize Salian rule in Northern Italy and create
512:
Between 1105 and 1106, supporters of Henry IV and Henry V each disseminated arguments in letters and historiographic texts in order to build support among the people of the empire, while father and son each accused the other of disregard for the divine and earthly orders. Henry V began to strengthen
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settlement between
Burghausen and the ministerials in the dispute that led to the murder, and he also would have had a reason to resent his father's inaction. A flaw in this theory is that there was a very long time lag between the murder of Burghausen and when Henry V turned his back on his father.
497:
and citizens of
Regensburg was the trigger for the overthrow of Henry IV. According to Burghausen's relatives and other nobles, the emperor had failed to punish the perpetrators appropriately, proving that Henry IV viewed aristocrats with disdain. Henry V had attempted in vain to mediate an amicable
1903:
Richard
Gaettens suggests the year 1086: The birth year of Heinrich V. 1081 or 1086? In: Journal for Rechtsgeschichte Germ. Dept. Vol. 79 (1962), pp. 52–71; Eduard Hlawitschka: On the birth date of Emperor Heinrich V. In: Historisches Jahrbuch Vol. 110 (1990), pp. 471–475 (he rejects 11 August as a
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The 1111 events in Rome and the 1115 defeat at the hands of the Saxon opposition led to the near complete dissolution of all ties between the bishops and the king. While under Henry IV a third of all documents had been issued for the bishoprics, this amount declined to a mere twelfth of Henry V's
1084:
The bishops learned of
Paschal's and Henry's agreement prior to the coronation act. Protests broke out, there was turmoil in the city itself and the coronation had to be cancelled. Henry demanded his investment rights to be reinstated and the immediate coronation. Paschal refused, and Henry seized
797:
Imperial rule had eroded in Italy after the demise of Henry IV. For fifteen years, from
October 1095 to October 1110, neither Henry IV nor Henry V had issued a single document for the Italian administration. Consequently, Italian officials saw no reason to travel to the northern part of the empire
603:
where he personally was to hand over the imperial insignia and was forced to abdicate on 31 December 1105. Henry V subsequently spread the narrative in which his father had ceded the insignia and his rule to him voluntarily. This distortion of the events implied his strong desire to feign dynastic
398:
At the time of Henry's birth, his father, emperor Henry IV, had already been engaged in many years of drawn out conflicts with the pope, the imperial bishops, and secular princes for the preservation of his rule. Henry IV had never paid much attention to the advice, or the rights and privileges of
1131:
Crowned emperor, Henry quickly retreated beyond the Alps. On his return to Italy he was a guest of Matilda of Tuscany at Bianello Castle from 6 to 8 May 1111. Matilda and Henry concluded a contract that researchers interpreted as Henry V's document of inheritance in case the margravine dies. On 7
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under his father. Negotiations with the Pope now took place among representatives of the clerics and secular princes. Bishop Eberhard von Eichstätt (until his early death in 1112), Count Berengar II of Sulzbach and Count Palatine Gottfried of Calw were particularly close to the young king and are
691:
Thus, the following years of his reign were characterized by greater shared responsibilities of the princes and the sanctioning of church reforms. Documents and annals prove the consensual practice of his rule. Records of princes and nobles in royal documents, who actively take part in government
612:
The beginning of his reign was marked by a lengthy time of unusual harmony between the king and the princes. Unlike his Salian predecessors, Henry V would count his reign only from the day on which he received the imperial insignia and was chosen for royal duty by the election of the princes. The
489:
and Count Otto von Habsburg-Kastl – are the primary causes. These nobles succeeded in convincing the young Henry V of his father's lost cause and the eventual triumph of reform. If he did not act and waited until his father died, someone else would attempt to ascend the throne and would find many
1786:
Speyer's importance as the Salic memorial site soon declined and it took several generations until it became a royal burial site again. The emperor's long tenure of excommunication was probably the reason that only Gladbach, a reform monastery under Siegburg domain and the Niederaltaich Imperial
1647:
In 1121 the situation escalated again and Henry decided to launch a military campaign against Adalbert of Mainz. The Archbishop mobilized large contingents, largely from Saxony, for the defense of Mainz. As the two armies faced each other near the city, the commanding princes of both sides began
1141:
in the history of the emergence of civil liberties. The residents were granted numerous rights and benefits (including exemption from inheritance taxes, court taxes and property taxes). No other city in the empire was granted such extensive and far-reaching liberties at the beginning of the 12th
987:. Henry could only command such a large army because his rule was based on consensus with the princes and dukes. Among the participants of this great procession was Henry's court chaplain David, who as a chronicler had been tasked to document a chronicle of all important events in volumes and in
828:
of Speyer, Bamberg or Liège had lost all relevance for the Episcopal Consecration, but family ties to the high nobility. Upon the selection of the bishops, the king only sought the consent of an exclusive circle of a few noble families. These families in turn only campaigned for candidates among
1790:
Matilda handed the imperial insignia to the Archbishop of Mainz and in September 1126 she returned to England. The Hohenstaufer Duke Friedrich II had been considered a promising candidate for royal succession due to his kinship with Heinrich V and his involvement in the efforts towards imperial
1819:
King Henry's ruthless manoeuvers and the incarceration of the pope in 1111 initiated a general change of perception. The arrest of an elder was no longer regarded as a commendable act of the disempowerment of a schismatic ruler, but viewed under the aspect of betrayal of the biological father.
1292:
The insurgents united behind the Archbishop of Cologne and collectively fell from the emperor in early 1114. Two imperial campaigns against the dissidents failed. Initially, Henry took the fortified town of Deutz, which lay across the Rhine from Cologne. His control of Deutz allowed him to cut
727:
Thanks to the consensual cooperation between the lords and the king, Henry was the first Salian ruler, who had managed to acquire unhindered access to all parts of the empire after a long time and thus able to successfully intervene in political affairs in both the western and eastern imperial
1418:
in Mainz by the Archbishop of Cologne. Four years later the wedding celebrations also took place in Mainz on 7 January 1114 amid great splendor and the attention of princes from all over the empire. The Salians appropriated the occasion to reaffirm unanimity with the imperial nobles after the
1213:
Beginning in 1111, Henry increasingly bypassed the princely consensus for his actions and hardly received any approval. He even applied his father's autocratic forms of government, thus exacerbating the conflict. After the events of 1111, numerous clergymen fell away from him, including first
1695:, explicitly classified as a political work of the princes ruled that Henry was to end the practice of investment with ring and staff. The king was to restore all church property, is no longer the sole representant of the empire and rules henceforth in sync with the princes. The
628:. On 3 September 1106 the body was once again temporarily buried in a still unconsecrated chapel north of Speyer cathedral. An appropriate funeral among his ancestors was only admissible and indeed performed in 1111 after the abolishment of Henry IV's pending excommunication.
1316:, that ended Salian rule in Saxony. From then on Lothair maintained a near royal rule in Saxony, while Henry's power to uphold universal kingship decreased further. The lack of acceptance and loss of prestige reflected itself at the court as none of the princes attended the
1643:
in 1122 was Henry re-admitted without penance or submission to the ecclesial community by a papal legate. After the negotiations had failed, Pope Calixt conferred the honor of papal legacy to the Archbishop Adalbert of Mainz, and thus strengthened the opposition to Henry.
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his ties with Saxony, where the opposition against his father was particularly strong due in part to his absence from the duchy since 1089. In the spring of 1105, Henry V stayed in Saxony for two months and showed his willingness to work with the church on the basis of
1049:
in the duchies and margraviates and the coin – market – and customs rights. Henry and Pope Paschal agreed on this idea in a preliminary contract on 4 February 1111. This meant that the bishops would be deprived of the rights and income that had been theirs since the
1081:. In doing so, he symbolized his subordination to the spiritual father. This ritual was mentioned in the 1111 coronation for the first time and became an official ritual in the coronation ceremonies of the future emperors before entering St. Peter's Basilica.
704:. The princes' participation in great numbers at the diets and the strong increase in chroniclers' reports confirm the new sense of responsibility among the king's vassals for the empire. Henry V reinstalled the bishops who had been banned from entering their
1136:
commemoration of the dead) Henry granted two privileges, which endowed the citizens of Speyer with yet unprecedented civil liberties. As the first privilege lays out memorial ceremonies the privileges for the citizens of the city of Speyer are considered a
1783:. On his deathbed, he entrusted the care of his wife Mathilde and having no legitimate children he left his possessions to his sororal nephew, Frederick II of Hohenstaufen. Upon his death the dynastic line of the Franconian, Salian emperors went extinct.
1018:
pledged to assist Pope Paschal in case he needs help. Paschal also received support from the urban nobility of Rome. However, he made no attempt to gain support in northern Italy, whose municipalities began to evade the emperor. With the occupation of
454:
in Italy in 1093, his royalty and inheritance were revoked at a court in Mainz and transferred to his younger brother, Henry V, in May 1098. The latter had to take an oath never to rule over the father. On 6 January 1099, Henry V was crowned king in
339:
rule. After he had failed to increase control over the church, the princes in Saxony and on the Middle and Lower Rhine, in 1121 the imperial princes forced Henry V to consent with the papacy. He surrendered to the demands of the second generation of
1058:, and alms, limiting them to their ministry and increasing their dependence on the Pope. They would have lost all political rights and responsibilities in the empire and be dependent on secular protection. On 9 February, Henry V accepted the papal
1556:
and the deposition of the king in the event of his prolonged absence. Henry abruptly broke off the Italian campaign in the fall of 1118 and returned to the north. His wife Matilda remained in Italy as deputy ruler. Henry was able to prevent the
1324:
s had to be cancelled in advance due to the lack of confirmed participants. Henry celebrated Christmas of 1115, one of the most essential occasions of royal representation, in Speyer, surrounded by only a few faithful adherents among whom
435:, Henry managed to get absolved. In 1080 and 1094, however, Henry IV was excommunicated again. In 1102, the church ban was again declared over him and his party, including his son, Henry V. The conflict divided the empire from the church.
480:
The causes and motives that led to the deposition of Henry IV by his son remain debated among modern researchers. Stefan Weinfurter argues that religious reform motives and the corrosive influence of a group of young Bavarian counts –
1336:
Henry's position in Bavaria remained uncontested. After a short stop in 1111 on his return from Italy, he was absent until 1121. The conflicts in Saxony and the Rhineland required lengthy presence in these regions. Nevertheless, the
1264:
and Archbishop Friedrich denounced the catastrophic condition of the church in a letter. The episcopal seats of Worms and Mainz remained vacant for years and the secular rights of the bishops were carried out by royal administrators
809:) and was able to maintain a working relationship with the clerical princes. Next to the staff, the ring became the symbol, that epitomized the marriage of the bishop to his church. This practice had only been introduced by emperor
1132:
August 1111, Henry was able to finally bring about his father's funeral, who had so far rested in an unconsecrated side chapel of Speyer Cathedral. On the same day and seven days later, on 14 August (a date of significance for the
766:, who had captured Duke Borivoi. Borivoi was released at the emperor's command and appointed godfather to Svatopluk's new son. Nevertheless, on Svatopluk's return to Bohemia, he assumed the throne. In 1108, Henry went to war with
1397:
From 1108 on Henry V made official proposals for a marriage with a princess of the English royal family, seeking to increase the authority of the Salian king and secure his throne. His engagement with the eight-year-old princess
1561:
in Würzburg. However, his subsequent activities until September/October 1119 cannot be determined due to the lack of sources. The feeble compliance with his reign is obvious by the lack of royal documents and the nearly unknown
872:, which had caused serious setbacks for the empire during the previous imperial tenure. The papal party who had supported Henry in his resistance to his father hoped he would endorse the papal decrees, which had been renewed by
323:, young Henry V allied himself with the opponents of his father. He forced Henry IV to abdicate on 31 December 1105 and ruled for five years in compliance with the imperial princes. He tried, unsuccessfully, to withdraw the
1904:
birthday). This is contested by Peter Neumeister: dates and interpretations. When was Emperor Heinrich V. born? In: Olaf B. Rader (ed.): Turbata per aequora mundi. Thanks to Eckhard Müller-Mertens. Hanover 2001, pp. 89–97.
1142:
century. These privileges highlight the changes in the Salian idea of kingship compared to the first three Salian rulers. Donations no longer applied to the clergy alone, but an entire township was committed to the Salian
1092:
Upon the Pope's imprisonment, however, Henry lost widespread acknowledgment as he had apprehended Christ's representative, the highest authority in the Latin Christian world. In response, he was banned by cardinal and
1859:. The 1111 events in Rome were discussed throughout all Latin Christianity. The French annals often only mention the imprisonment of the pope by Henry. The events of 1111 also echoed into the far west of Europe. The
929:
from 1089 to 1095, which entitled him to inheritance claims on her vast property. Matilda allowed the troops to traverse her substantial territories in the greater part of Northern Italy, that included present-day
579:– public expressions of reconciliation that were morally binding during the 12th century. Henry IV then disbanded and released his army as father and son left for the diet in Mainz on 21 December. On 23 December in
509:, The Pope promised Henry V, on condition that Henry be a righteous king and a promoter of the Church, not only absolution from the sin of breaking this oath, but also support in the struggle against his father.
829:
their own ranks, who might become important in the future expansion of their respective territories. This practice effectively promoted a clerical office, that was attainable via a hereditary selection process.
1449:. Henry's impertinent demonstrations of power greatly diminished the overall atmosphere of the festivity. Some princes left the festival without permission, as others used the opportunity for conspiracies.
824:. In 1107, the Salians occupied the bishoprics of Halberstadt, Magdeburg, Speyer and Verdun with the expressed participation of and approval by the princes. The court chapel, the cathedral schools and the
966:
Henry put great effort into documentation and into staging events favorably for the royal party. He was allegedly accompanied by a huge army of 30,000 knights from all over the empire, that according to
607:
On 5 or 6 January 1106, more than fifty imperial princes were present when Henry V was anointed and crowned king. Ruthard, Archbishop of Mainz, presented the imperial insignia with the cautionary words:
1341:
remained loyal and Henry's opponents failed to assert themselves in Bavaria while the Bavarian nobles attended Henry's court throughout the empire. Despite the events of 1111 and the clashes in 1115,
1054:
and the means by which their service to the king was traditionally made possible and rewarded. If these regalia were returned to the empire, the bishops would have to live off their own property, the
1260:, who refused to pay the annual tribute and Henry allegedly sacrificed a Cologne troop contingent to the Frisians. The citizens of Cologne complained about the draconian regiment of one of Henry's
751:, as reward for Lothar's support during the 1104/05 disempowerment of Henry IV. This act was enforced upon the legal body of the duchy against traditional habits of dynastic inheritance.
3264:
1089:
on 12 April, and the right to invest with ring and staff. On 13 April, Paschal completed the imperial coronation. In addition, Paschal had to swear an oath never to excommunicate Henry.
1010:
who ruled in Southern Italy and with whom the papacy has been trying to counterbalance the Roman-German rulers before. The Normans had already occupied Rome against Henry IV in 1084.
995:
elements of documentation and propaganda, that might be useful in likely future clashes with the Pope. David's account has not survived, but the work has been used by later authors.
419:, the chief advocate of church reform ideas. Gregory's central demand was that the emperor must refrain from investing abbots and bishops, a practice that had been essential for the
854:
880:
in 1106. The king, however, continued to invest the bishops, but wished the pope to hold a council in Germany to settle the question. After some hesitation, Paschal preferred
897:
in August 1110 concrete plans were made for a march on Rome and arrangements to bring about an honorable end to the investiture dispute. The army chose the shortest route via the
1512:, excommunicated the emperor, and called upon the pope to ratify the verdict. Paschal, however, refused to take so extreme a step. The discord entered a new stage in 1115 when
713:, the bishops Burchhard von Münster, Otto von Bamberg and Erlung von Würzburg and Count Hermann von Winzenburg were named remarkably often in official documents. From 1108 the
1456:
mentions a child of Henry and Matilda that died soon after birth. A single source mentions a daughter of Henry named Bertha, who was probably illegitimate. She married Count
1108:
and the king broke and with it the ties of consensual rule between the king and the secular princes. In March 1112, the Investiture privilege was revoked by the curia on a
1045:. Pope Paschal proposed that Henry give up the investiture altogether – the appointment of bishops to the episcopate – and in return get back all fiefs of sovereign royal
1042:
888:, renewed his prohibition of lay investiture. The matter slumbered until 1110, when, negotiations between king and pope having failed, Paschal renewed his decrees.
3992:
2794:
1614:
On 2 February 1119, Pope Calixt II took over the pontificate. On 24 October 1119, the Pope and Emperor again negotiated a settlement in the investiture dispute in
556:
river. However, a battle was prevented by the princes of both sides who wished to find a peaceful solution. At Christmas 1105, an agreement was to be reached at a
3155:
Das europäische Mittelalter im Spannungsbogen des Vergleichs: Zwanzig internationale Beiträge zu Praxis, Problemen und Perspektiven der historischen Komparatistik
1831:
French ecclesiastical sources in particular consistently judged Henry negatively, stylized him as a troublemaker and as a traitor or tyrant. For the French abbot
6147:
6137:
1460:
in 1117. The emperor's bond with the nobility of Rome through marriage was unique. In his conflict with the Pope and the struggle for domination in Italy, the
1237:
Property disputes also led to conflicts in Saxony, as Henry interfered with the princely territorial policy while trying to expand the Salian domain. In 1112,
1100:
at a synod in Jerusalem in the summer of 1111. In September 1112 he was excommunicated by a Burgundian synod headed by Archbishop Guido of Vienne, the future
6127:
1329:
gained increasing significance. Simultaneously, Henry's opponents gathered in Cologne upon the invitation of Adalbert of Mainz, to discuss clerical issues.
5791:
5009:
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unification. However, his candidacy at the Mainz electoral assembly on 24 August 1125 was unsuccessful since he refused to accept free elections (
1150:
only on his successful rebellion against the father and the approval of the princes, but also on his inheritance claim to the throne. The city of
517:
ideas by removing the bishops, Friedrich von Halberstadt, Udo von Hildesheim, and Henry von Paderborn, who had been appointed by his father. In
6050:
17:
4436:
4145:
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who had supported Henry during his struggle with his father. Henry rewarded him generously with the land and title of the Duchy of Saxony as
490:
supporters. Out of concern for his salvation, Henry then abandoned his father and joined the "salvation community" of the young Bavarians.
1711:
by Calixt in October 1119, abandoned his former papal nominee, Gregory VIII and is again received into the community of the Roman church.
3124:
3997:
2911:"Bürgerrecht. Die Speyrer Privilegien von 1111 und die Anfänge persönlicher Freiheitsrechte in deutschen Städten des hohen Mittelalters"
501:
In November 1104, Henry V joined his father's army on a punitive expedition against Saxon Reformers who had opposed the election of the
1795:) of the princes and he further destroyed his chances due to his overconfidence of victory, which was generally perceived as haughty (
1361:
proved to be loyal supporters of Henry V. These nobles received extraordinary treatment for their services. Engelbert II acquired the
6112:
6107:
838:
1085:
and imprisoned him in St. Peter. After two months Henry was able to acquire his father's (Henry IV) absolution from Paschal in the
1437:
during Henry V's reign, which historians have compared to the amicable set of rules and conflict management and settlement of the
1104:. According to scholar Stefan Weinfurter, the year 1111 was a turning point in the reign of Henry V. The recent unity between the
3475:
1811:, who was eventually elected. Legitimacy was no longer determined by inheritance, but through election by the imperial princes.
1663:. The particular clauses of the Concordat were negotiated among the princes. The mutual exchange of two documents, an imperial (
591:, the property of Bishop Gebhard, not for his protection, but for custody. Henry was thrown into the dungeon and was held there
2060:
1154:
was also granted generous privileges in 1114, however, unlike in Speyer, the residents were not granted any personal freedoms.
709:
most frequently mentioned by the worldly nobles in the royal documents. Additionally, the archbishops Friedrich of Cologne and
3411:
728:
estates. Henry visited Saxony several times until 1112, as his relationship with the Saxons was stable during the next years.
5784:
3917:
3902:
3887:
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3804:
3747:
3725:
3688:
3654:
3604:
3385:
3358:
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3217:
3190:
3163:
3084:
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2831:
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2655:
2587:
2557:
2530:
2503:
2372:
2253:
2179:
2103:
2034:
1972:
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1622:. Henry only wished to make extensive commitments with the consent of the princes. The negotiations failed. The encounter at
1278:
387:, survived childhood; two other siblings had died early. Henry seems to have spent the first years of his life primarily in
6132:
6092:
5571:
5002:
1607:
After the second Italian expedition, the opposition in Germany was gradually crushed, and a general peace was declared at
1041:
Henry V continued to insist on his right to invest with ring and staff as well as on the oath of fidelity for bishops and
842:
5974:
1704:
1533:
1294:
1253:
1077:
The celebrations for the coronation began on 12 February 1111. Henry V kissed the feet of the Pope in public in front of
3101:
2146:
3789:
3703:
1883:
1780:
1414:. In return, his daughter's marriage to Henry V enormously increased his prestige. On 25 July 1110 Matilda was crowned
218:
5941:
5747:
4799:
4779:
4759:
4429:
4345:
4325:
4305:
4138:
3476:"Fürstliche Opposition gegen das Königtum im 11. und 12. Jahrhundert als Gestalterin mittelalterlicher Staatlichkeit"
1390:
557:
6122:
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1312:
At Christmas 1114, unrest culminated in Saxony. On 11 February 1115, Duke Lothair eventually defeated Henry in the
610:"If he does not prove to be a just leader of the empire and a defender of the church, he will end like his father."
541:
482:
316:
1508:
After Henry had departed from Rome in 1111 a council declared the privilege of the lay investiture to be invalid.
525:), an elementary Christian virtue of rulers. His stay concluded with the celebration of the Pentecost festival in
5667:
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4995:
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4774:
4616:
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1808:
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93:
2716:"Untersuchungen zur Darstellung mittelalterlicher Herrscher in der deutschen Kaiserchronik des 12. Jahrhunderts"
1146:. The Speyer civil liberties, legal privileges and economic advance were associated with the memory of Henry V.
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5238:
4882:
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4839:
4819:
4720:
4385:
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1994:
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Thus, on 23 September 1122 the so-called Concordat of Worms came about. Calixt II, was represented by Cardinal
1354:
1282:
1699:
allowes the emperor to be present at the ordination of bishops and abbots. Henry is only allowed to grant the
832:
Henry's indicative bishop investiture with ring and staff did not help to solve the conflict with the papacy.
335:
in 1111. Once crowned emperor, Henry departed from joint rule with the princes and resorted to earlier Salian
5931:
5755:
5739:
5715:
5635:
5627:
4971:
4897:
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810:
791:
2026:
Die deutschen Herrscher des Mittelalters: historische Portraits von Heinrich I. bis Maximilian I. (919–1519)
472:
5919:
5914:
5854:
5723:
5691:
5643:
5619:
5603:
4814:
4789:
4710:
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4235:
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Die älteren Diepoldinger als Markgrafen in Bayern (1077–1204): Adlige Herrschaftsbildung im Hochmittelalter
1804:
1468:
1358:
1350:
1326:
1162:
721:
717:
656:
544:, thereby convincing Leopold to abandon his father's party. At the end of October 1105, Henry V arrived at
493:
Another line of research supports the theory that the murder of Sieghard of Burghausen in February 1104 by
309:
267:
83:
3412:"Inszenierung verpflichtet Zum Verständnis ritueller Akte bei Papst-Kaiser-Begegnungen im 12. Jahrhundert"
2217:
450:, to be his heir and arranged to have Conrad crowned king in Aachen in 1087. After Conrad defected to the
5699:
5595:
4646:
4562:
4275:
4225:
2091:
Die Staufer: Eine mittelalterliche Herrscherdynastie – Bd. 1: Aufstieg und Machtentfaltung (975 bis 1190)
1719:
The marriage ties with the English royal dynasty involved Henry into the Franco-Norman conflict in 1123.
1541:
1509:
710:
439:
3932:
History of the Western Empire, from its Restoration by Charlemagne to the Accession of Charles V, Vol. I
438:
Henry IV therefore sought to strengthen his influence in the south. His daughter, Agnes, was engaged to
5814:
4938:
4854:
4737:
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3021:
1298:
799:
744:
502:
392:
4726:
6152:
4966:
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4928:
4695:
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798:
and obtain their royal documents. Under Henry V opposition to Salian rule reached its climax in the
6142:
5834:
4906:
4732:
2329:"The Medieval Empire in Central Europe: Dynastic Continuity in the Post-Carolingian Frankish Realm"
1675:
between pope and emperor. Upon future bishop ordinations, a distinction was to be made between the
1660:
1006:
Pope Paschal, who could not count on further support from Matilda of Tuscany, sought help from the
935:
921:
920:
upon his departure for Italy. He signalled preparedness as he ordered a new royal seal to be made.
857:
2983:
683:
confronts and triumphs over emperor Henry V, who is forced to withdraw from Poland, 24 August 1109
680:
599:(crown, scepter, imperial cross, holy lance and imperial sword). Henry IV then was transferred to
6117:
5904:
5800:
5132:
4527:
4445:
4069:
2848:
1342:
1219:
1206:
1078:
869:
775:
486:
320:
3925:
Readings in European History: From the breaking up of the Roman empire to the Protestant revolt.
3646:
Papst und Kaiser als Zwillinge?: Ein anderer Blick auf die Universalgewalten im Investiturstreit
1656:
met on 29 September 1121 in Würzburg and forced the emperor to finally reconcile with the pope.
5506:
4887:
4656:
2979:
Readings in European History: From the breaking up of the Roman empire to the Protestant revolt
1764:
1520:
Pope Paschal died on 21 January 1118. Henry helped to appoint Archbishop Mauritius of Braga as
1457:
1286:
984:
821:
732:
692:
affairs, increased. In several documents Henry would state that he had carried out his actions
420:
327:
from the bishops. Then in order to at least preserve the previous right to invest, he captured
3644:
3375:
3348:
3295:
3207:
3180:
3153:
2821:
2741:
2577:
2547:
2493:
2169:
2089:
1707:
for bishops and by the bishops for the abbots. Henry, who had been solemnly excommunicated at
1423:
clothing at the wedding. He was forgiven for his participation in the inheritance disputes of
6097:
5989:
5874:
5675:
4673:
4621:
4593:
4060:
3594:
3074:
2645:
1521:
1472:
1415:
1269:). The territorial princes complained as well. From 1113 Henry had begun to adopt the Salian
1035:
898:
588:
548:, the centre of Salian rule. Here he installed Gebhard, a fervent opponent of his father, as
165:
3209:
Rom und die Regionen: Studien zur Homogenisierung der lateinischen Kirche im Hochmittelalter
2520:
2243:
2024:
1870:
mentioned an "emperor" for the very first time among its record on the capture of the pope:
1845:
1844:
asserted that his childlessness was the just punishment for the betrayal of his father. For
1453:
651:
6102:
5984:
5824:
5683:
5550:
4919:
4873:
4754:
4684:
4661:
4631:
4265:
2795:"Constitutiones et acta publica imperatorum et regum. Bearbeitet von Ludwig Weiland. Bd. 1"
1313:
1215:
1170:
817:
763:
583:, Henry persuaded his father to retreat to a castle for his own protection, as Archbishop
8:
5946:
5536:
5501:
5470:
5435:
5419:
5363:
5063:
5055:
4700:
4690:
4678:
4516:
4487:
4472:
4458:
4215:
4205:
3954:
2715:
1841:
1703:
to the newly elected with his scepter. The final consecration was to be performed by the
1529:
783:
672:
537:
530:
446:. The emperor also sought to secure his royal succession. Henry IV chose his eldest son,
384:
41:
2977:
1872:"Emperor Henry came to Rome, captured Paschal by treason and forced him to take an oath"
6071:
5892:
5864:
5849:
5651:
5484:
4715:
4606:
4543:
4507:
4195:
4154:
4113:
4074:
4043:
3495:
3431:
2429:
2299:
1728:
1720:
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to submit to a reconciliation ritual and meet the Pope bare-footed. After his father's
1575:
1513:
1461:
1442:
1407:
1366:
1051:
926:
861:
767:
447:
412:
380:
349:
301:
232:
155:
105:
55:
4987:
3076:
Adlige – Stifter – Mönche: zum Verhältnis zwischen Klöstern und mittelalterlichem Adel
1544:
had only limited effects, Gelasius II himself banished the emperor. For a forthcoming
595:
over Christmas. At the Reichstag in Mainz, Henry prompted his father to hand over the
464:
policies proceeded to be extremely cautious after the death of his older son, Conrad.
365:
Henry V was probably born on 11 August in 1081 or 1086. However, only the date of his
6021:
6001:
5979:
5819:
5577:
5558:
5403:
5156:
4548:
4477:
4180:
3964:
3913:
3898:
3883:
3854:
3822:
3800:
3785:
3743:
3721:
3699:
3684:
3650:
3600:
3499:
3435:
3381:
3354:
3301:
3240:
3213:
3186:
3159:
3080:
2910:
2886:
2827:
2747:
2651:
2583:
2553:
2526:
2499:
2368:
2249:
2175:
2099:
2095:
2030:
1968:
1936:
1867:
1768:
1223:
1174:
1097:
1031:
1027:
1015:
825:
345:
1751:
1377:
372:
at Easter 1101 can be confirmed. This ceremony usually took place at the age of 15.
5936:
5925:
5839:
5492:
5411:
5387:
4743:
4641:
4521:
4467:
4200:
4185:
3487:
3423:
3055:
2671:
1700:
1649:
1615:
1537:
1491:, the preferred eastern Alpine crossing during the Middle Ages, seen from the north
1438:
1386:
1338:
1186:
1105:
1101:
1020:
968:
787:
778:
and Borivoi on Svatopluk forced Henry to give up his campaign. Instead, he invaded
596:
584:
549:
416:
404:
341:
213:
1735:
and an invasion in Northern France would enable him to strengthen his position in
1536:
had only been founded recently. However, Gregor was unable to best his competitor
663:, where resentments against Imperial rule repeatedly culminated in armed conflicts
5953:
5909:
5869:
5844:
5611:
5520:
5443:
5427:
4600:
4492:
4482:
4210:
4190:
4170:
3577:
3234:
2880:
2403:
1962:
1930:
1635:
1584:
1566:
of Henry's court, since apparently nobody ever requested any of these documents.
1429:
1399:
1382:
1362:
1198:
1182:
1143:
1109:
1024:
833:
736:
580:
506:
443:
432:
428:
408:
400:
376:
328:
297:
289:
277:
190:
100:
2823:
The Origins of the German Principalities, 1100–1350: Essays by German Historians
2277:
1419:
conflicts in recent years. Duke Lothair of Supplinburg appeared barefoot and in
771:
687:
In spring 1106, while Henry reflects on his father's mistakes, he remarked that
521:, he entered the town barefoot on Palm Sunday, thus demonstrating his humility (
5995:
5898:
5587:
5379:
4626:
4557:
4533:
4220:
4014:
3846:
3711:"Noch einmal zu den Vorwürfen gegen Heinrich IV. Genese, Themen, Einsatzfelder"
2324:
1995:"Noch einmal zu den Vorwürfen gegen Heinrich IV. Genese, Themen, Einsatzfelder"
1837:
1772:
1591:
1274:
1242:
1231:
1166:
1151:
992:
782:
to compel them to renew their accustomed tribute but was again defeated at the
257:
3491:
1787:
Abbey, are the only monasteries that have adopted Henry V's memorial service.
6086:
5528:
5018:
4957:
4102:
4050:
4001:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 277–278.
3988:
3983:
3941:
3937:
3427:
2195:
1820:
Archbishop Adalbert of Mainz characterized the immediate reign of Henry V as
1732:
1495:
1403:
1007:
553:
494:
137:
2495:
Das Papsttum und das vielgestaltige Italien: Hundert Jahre Italia Pontificia
2362:
1611:, while the desire for a settlement of the investiture dispute was growing.
1580:
1297:, Duke Gottfried of Lorraine, Henry of Zutphen, and Count Theodoric of Aar,
1023:
in 1111, Milan began to build up its own territory. The Norman army sent by
949:
Henry V sent envoys to Matilda in order to negotiate and complete the note:
552:. In the fall of 1105, the armies of father and son faced each other at the
6016:
4502:
4453:
1723:
asked his son-in-law for military support in his struggle for dominance in
1684:
1488:
1261:
1227:
1094:
714:
617:
and the divine mandate was no longer the legitimate basis for Salian rule.
5769:
3261:
Die Grafen von Savoyen und das Reich: bis zum Ende der staufischen Periode
2643:
1410:
paid the extraordinarily high sum of 10,000 or 15,000 pounds of silver as
6006:
5465:
5371:
4667:
4165:
3834:"König, Fürsten und Reich: (1056–1159); Herrschaftsverständnis im Wandel"
2549:
Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie der Theologie und der Kirchen (DBETh)
2278:"König, Fürsten und Reich: (1056–1159); Herrschaftsverständnis im Wandel"
1826:"election" should bring "freedom" to the church and "peace" to the people
1563:
1501:
1483:
1011:
975:. The strength of his forces helped him to secure general recognition in
731:
After the 1106 death of the last member of the Saxon Billung family line
518:
459:, where he was required to repeat the oath. His brother, Conrad, died in
47:
3536:
1552:
and during Henry's absence the royal princes planned the restoration of
1549:
925:
presence was particularly important for Henry as he had been married to
5350:
5326:
5302:
4976:
1630:. During the negotiations on the solution of the ban, Henry V found it
1467:
Eventually, affairs in Italy compelled Henry to leave and appoint duke
980:
873:
755:
614:
388:
336:
332:
70:
4414:
4123:
1445:
captured and imprisoned for his participation in the Saxon rebellion,
1333:
documents in which only thirteen of all 38 bishoprics were addressed.
1157:
973:
impressive display of worldly power in the nightly glow of the torches
813:, yet became one of the causes for Henry IV's conflict with the Pope.
676:
5829:
5545:
5395:
5294:
5254:
5230:
5214:
5079:
5071:
5046:
4175:
1306:
1302:
877:
696:. In order to find greater consent with the nobility he would summon
526:
403:, as the centre of resistance, was joined by the southern duchies of
3969:
History of Latin Christianity, including that of the Popes, Vol. III
3621:
3325:
3263:(Innsbruck, 1900), accessible online (but without page numbers) at:
2618:
2328:
2022:
1193:
805:
Henry V. continued the practice of investiture with ring and staff (
667:
6066:
5515:
5479:
5310:
5286:
5278:
5262:
5246:
5222:
5182:
4863:
3521:
3059:
1860:
1760:
1736:
1724:
1424:
1257:
976:
931:
902:
868:
Henry's primary concern during his reign was the settlement of the
587:
would refuse to let him into the city. Henry agreed and was led to
460:
366:
3982:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1759:
During his last years the emperor was occupied with a campaign in
853:
647:, the basis for his ascent as Henry's royal and imperial successor
626:
present himself as a legitimate force of conservation and progress
621:
5342:
5334:
5206:
5198:
5190:
5174:
5166:
5095:
5087:
5033:
1420:
1133:
1073:
The empire during Ottonian and Salian rule (10th to 12th century)
1046:
943:
939:
759:
705:
572:
324:
252:
202:
1464:
marriages of imperial partisans would receive particular honor.
1066:
was not the investiture, but the secularization of the bishops.
6033:
5270:
5140:
5111:
5103:
2360:
1776:
1608:
1452:
The marriage to Matilda produced no male heirs. The chronicler
1063:
893:
885:
881:
779:
697:
620:
However, Henry IV escaped from prison in Ingelheim and fled to
545:
456:
424:
305:
186:
3522:"Das Wormser Konkordat und der Südwesten des regnum Romanorum"
2743:
The Regions of Italy: A Reference Guide to History and Culture
5148:
3895:
Das europäische Mittelalter im Spannungsbogen des Vergleichs.
3046:
JW Thompson (1918). "Church and State in Mediaeval Germany".
2427:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
1832:
1708:
1623:
1619:
1525:
1411:
1055:
998:
910:
906:
660:
564:
3769:"Heinrich V. : Könige und Große am Ende der Salierzeit"
3205:
2692:
I. Montanelli; Storia d'Italia Vol. 476–1250 p. 440, Rizzoli
2491:
1222:
and most significant the break with his long-time confidant
577:"fell around his father's neck", "shed tears and kissed him"
6011:
5119:
2819:
2196:"Vita Heinrici IV imperatoris (Leben Kaiser Heinrichs IV.)"
1740:
1628:"end and turning point of royal penance in Medieval Europe"
1069:
689:"disregard for the princes was the downfall of the empire."
644:
2364:
Heinrich V. : Könige und Große am Ende der Salierzeit
2009:
636:
1030:
to rescue the papists was turned back by the imperialist
304:(from 1111 to 1125), as the fourth and last ruler of the
3377:
Kampf um den Stuhl Petri: Die Geschichte der Gegenpäpste
1433:(submission). This occasion is the only known case of a
1372:
1289:
also failed to achieve consent with the Saxon nobility.
913:
in February 1111 and from there proceeded towards Rome.
5017:
3642:
2644:
Clifford J. Rogers; John France; Kelly DeVries (2010).
2545:
991:
can understand it. Thus, Henry had already planned the
3022:"Die Bischöfe von Speyerzur Zeit Kaiser Friedrichs II"
1540:. After a banishment of Henry by papal legates around
762:, which was only partially successful. Henry summoned
319:
and the struggle against the reform papacy during the
3575:
3232:
2721:. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. p. 298
1928:
476:
Emperor Henry V visits his father Henry IV in prison.
415:. These southern duchies again sought the support of
296:; probably 11 August 1081 or 1086 – 23 May 1125) was
3740:
Die Staufer: Eine mittelalterliche Herrscherdynastie
2333:
Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association
2118:
2116:
1767:, two disputes in which his opponents were aided by
1281:
during the same year. The appointment of Bruning as
1256:
also broke with Henry during a campaign against the
3519:
3178:
2739:
2485:
1654:
many "heads of the state" (tot capita rei publicae)
1528:served as the residence city of the newly emerging
1230:. The conflict with Adalbert apparently arose over
1158:
Breach of the consensual order and war with Cologne
593:"unwashed and unshaven and deprived of any service"
3783:"Fidi milites? Die Staufer und Kaiser Heinrich V."
3696:"Das Jahrhundert der Salier (1024–1125) Seite 175"
3636:
3373:
3326:"Fidi milites? Die Staufer und Kaiser Heinrich V."
3199:
2619:"Das Jahrhundert der Salier (1024–1125) Seite 175"
379:(died in 1087), Henry and his two older siblings,
3910:The Papacy, 1073–1198: Continuity and Innovation.
3553:
3551:
3054:(4). The American Journal of Theologyy: 513–540.
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2700:
2698:
2616:
2241:
2113:
1960:
989:such a simple style that even less learned people
6084:
3323:
3151:
2637:
2579:The Papacy, 1073–1198: Continuity and Innovation
2144:
2087:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1185:) in 1113. The site served as depository of the
3226:
3147:
3145:
3072:
2571:
2569:
2539:
2237:
2235:
2023:Bernd Schneidmüller; Stefan Weinfurter (2003).
1924:
1922:
1920:
1886:– he was related to every other king of Germany
6148:11th-century people from the Holy Roman Empire
6051:Libellus de imperatoria potestate in urbe Roma
3548:
3236:History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages
2975:
2933:
2813:
2695:
2575:
2167:
1671:) paper marked the official settlement of the
5785:
5003:
4430:
4139:
3799:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 290–.
3473:
3350:Frederick Barbarossa: The Prince and the Myth
3019:
2746:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 196–.
2582:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 127–.
2174:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 290–.
2083:
2081:
1949:
1601:Città del Vaticano, Archivio Segreto Vaticano
1402:took place in Utrecht at Easter of 1110. The
694:"with the judgment and advice of the princes"
308:dynasty. He was made co-ruler by his father,
6128:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
3843:(PDF). Böhlau Verlag, Köln Weimar Wien 2008
3649:. Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar. pp. 188–.
3592:
3409:
3142:
3099:
3079:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 63–.
2733:
2566:
2232:
2161:
1917:
1714:
1679:(secular property and prerogatives) and the
1478:
884:to Germany, and, after holding a council at
820:was invested with ring and staff as the new
631:
5799:
3880:Das Papsttum und das vielgestaltige Italien
3841:"Die Salier, das Reich und der Niederrhein"
3367:
3293:
3045:
3007:(Princeton University Press, 2009), p. 215
2878:
2518:
2300:"Die Salier, das Reich und der Niederrhein"
1587:was only consecrated 12 years prior in 1110
1309:ended Henry's presence at the Lower Rhine.
848:
6138:Burials at St. Martin's Cathedral, Utrecht
5792:
5778:
5010:
4996:
4437:
4423:
4146:
4132:
3764:. Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg 2009
3716:Schneidmüller, Bernd; Weinfurter, Stefan.
3569:
3346:
3066:
2908:
2792:
2512:
2482:, in: Encyklopedia Wrocławia, Wrocław 2000
2323:
2078:
2058:
1771:. On 23 May 1125, Henry died of cancer in
40:
3757:Adam & Charles Black, p. 70 1914
3674:Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia, Volume 1
3619:
3586:
3340:
3182:Married Life in the Middle Ages, 900–1300
3172:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2275:
1779:, his heart and bowels are buried at the
963:. The way to Rome was open for the king.
918:was imbued with ideas of an epochal event
567:for the announced diet. According to the
536:Henry V promised the hand of his sister,
348:ended the Investiture Controversy in the
315:In Emperor Henry IV's conflicts with the
3987:
3718:Die deutschen Herrscher des Mittelalters
3353:. Yale University Press. pp. 716–.
3287:
3253:
3122:
2846:
2467:"S. Orgelbranda Encyklopedia Powszechna"
2401:
2361:Jürgen Dendorfer, Tilman Struve (2024).
1992:
1853:("proditio et perfidia diu premeditata")
1750:
1590:
1579:
1494:
1482:
1471:and his brother Conrad, the future king
1376:
1273:, when for the first time, Burchhard, a
1192:
1161:
1068:
997:
852:
786:. In 1110, he succeeded in securing the
724:would frequently appear in the records.
666:
650:
635:
471:
375:Three children of Henry IV and his wife
46:Henry V depicted in a contemporary
4444:
4153:
3945:The Cambridge Medieval History: Vol III
3851:"The Medieval Empire in Central Europe"
3524:. Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
3319:
3317:
3206:Jochen Johrendt; Harald Müller (2012).
2957:A History of Germany in the Middle Ages
2872:
2826:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 125–.
2766:
2713:
2492:Klaus Herbers; Jochen Johrendt (2009).
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2135:(Adam & Charles Black, 1914), p. 70
1850:planned betrayal and treachery in Rome
1746:
1320:on 1 November 1115 in Mainz. Scheduled
331:and forced him to perform his imperial
14:
6085:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2904:
2902:
2820:Graham A. Loud; Jochen Schenk (2017).
2650:. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 38–.
2605:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
1988:
1986:
1984:
529:and the confirmation of the Magdeburg
467:
5773:
4991:
4418:
4127:
3774:Dendorfer, Jürgen; Deutinger, Roman.
3771:Böhlau Verlag, Köln Weimar Wien 2008
3520:Frederic Laudenklos (12 March 2008).
3300:. Herbert Utz Verlag. pp. 398–.
3015:
3013:
2525:. W. Kohlhammer Verlag. pp. 3–.
2149:. Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
2145:Jürgen Dendorfer (15 November 2009).
1569:
1441:. On the other hand, Henry had Count
1373:Marriage to Matilda of England (1110)
1173:. Henry V ignored property claims of
909:, then moved to Florence, arrived at
754:In 1107, Henry campaigned to restore
3314:
3212:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 376–.
3158:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 328–.
2647:Journal of Medieval Military History
2552:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 793–.
2498:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 138–.
2388:
2347:
1126:
955:for peace and the honor of the king
183: 11 August 1081/11 August 1086
27:Holy Roman Emperor from 1111 to 1125
5975:Church and state in medieval Europe
3878:Herbers, Klaus; Johrendt, Jochen.
3776:"Das Lehnswesen im Hochmittelalter"
3767:Dendorfer, Jürgen; Struve, Tilman.
3596:Lothars III. Kampf mit den Staufern
3403:
2962:
2899:
2430:"Das Lehnswesen im Hochmittelalter"
2428:Jürgen Dendorfer, Roman Deutinger.
2367:. Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg.
2262:
2043:
1981:
1822:"oppression" of "church and empire"
1755:Henry V's tomb, Cathedral of Speyer
1731:, Henry V had vague designs on the
24:
3959:The Normans in the South 1016–1130
3762:"Regensburg im »Investiturstreit«"
3681:Canossa: die Entzauberung der Welt
3125:"Die Kaiserinnen des Mittelalters"
3010:
2617:Stefan Weinfurter (January 2006).
2546:Bernd Moeller; Bruno Jahn (2011).
2248:. Oldenbourg Verlag. pp. 3–.
2147:"Regensburg im 'Investiturstreit'"
1964:Canossa: die Entzauberung der Welt
1884:Family tree of the German monarchs
1781:Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht
1626:in October 1119 is considered the
739:to either of the two sons-in-law,
540:, in marriage to the Babenberger,
360:
219:Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht
25:
6164:
5942:Norman conquest of southern Italy
3853:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing,
3324:Jürgen Dendorfer (January 2005).
3005:The Crisis of the Twelfth Century
1799:). Further royal candidates were
1391:Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
1277:was installed as governor of the
1189:during the 12th and 13th century.
1062:. For Pope Paschal, the cause of
951:"de pace de regis honore suoque"
6113:11th-century Kings of the Romans
6108:12th-century Holy Roman Emperors
6065:
5045:
4399:
4398:
3975:
3821:Oldenbourg Verlag. pp. 3–.
3643:Claudius Sieber-Lehmann (2015).
3380:. Verlag Herder. pp. 257–.
3048:The American Journal of Theology
1801:Leopold III, Margrave of Austria
1599:), issued on 23 September 1122 (
1381:Wedding banquet of Henry V. and
1353:as well as his brother Hartwig,
1347:Diepold III, Margrave of Vohburg
483:Margrave Diepold III von Vohburg
3613:
3560:
3513:
3467:
3458:
3449:
3394:
3278:
3269:
3116:
3093:
3039:
2997:
2959:, (Haskell House, 1894), p. 222
2949:
2924:
2863:
2840:
2786:
2769:"Papsttum und Invesriturstreit"
2760:
2707:
2686:
2664:
2596:
2472:
2469:, Warsaw 1902, vol. XII, p. 406
2460:
2447:
2421:
2317:
2292:
2210:
2188:
2138:
1932:Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia
983:intended to crown him with the
864:were married from 1089 to 1095.
241:
6029:Separation of church and state
3576:Eduard Gervais (of-?) (1842).
3543:The Cambridge Medieval History
3239:. Cambridge University Press.
3233:Ferdinand Gregorovius (2010).
2982:. Ginn & company. p.
2404:"Studien zum Hof Heinrichs V."
2125:
1929:Christopher Kleinhenz (2004).
1897:
1169:near the modern small town of
18:Heinrich V, Holy Roman Emperor
13:
1:
3797:Henry IV of Germany 1056–1106
3622:"Die Salier. Macht im Wandel"
3185:. OUP Oxford. pp. 296–.
2171:Henry IV of Germany 1056–1106
1911:
1249:, though was later pardoned.
179:
5920:First Council of the Lateran
5855:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
4010:Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
3912:Cambridge University Press.
3866:Studien zum Hof Heinrichs V.
3733:"Heinrich V. in seiner Zeit"
3480:Frühmittelalterliche Studien
3416:Frühmittelalterliche Studien
3179:Elisabeth van Houts (2019).
2740:Roy Palmer Domenico (2002).
2061:"Heinrich V. in seiner Zeit"
1890:
1814:
1805:Charles I, Count of Flanders
1469:Frederick II of Hohenstaufen
268:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
7:
6133:Burials at Speyer Cathedral
6093:Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
5915:First Battle of Langensalza
5860:Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
3778:(PDF). Jan Thorbecke Verlag
3599:. diplom.de. pp. 22–.
3374:Christiane Laudage (2012).
1877:
1689:"the clergy and the people"
1683:(spiritual authority). The
1542:Jordan, Archbishop of Milan
1510:Guido, Archbishop of Vienne
1327:Duke Frederick II of Swabia
816:In Mainz on 7 January 1106
735:, Henry did not confer the
442:, who in 1079 obtained the
200:23 May 1125 (aged 38 or 43)
65:13 April 1111 – 23 May 1125
10:
6169:
5815:Atto (archbishop of Milan)
4939:North German Confederation
4855:Confederation of the Rhine
3949:Cambridge University Press
3836:. University of Heidelberg
3666:
3486:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH.
3422:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH.
2242:Wilfried Hartmann (2010).
2029:. C.H. Beck. pp. 5–.
1961:Stefan Weinfurter (2006).
1775:. His bones are buried at
1763:and the succession of the
1573:
1036:Ptolemy I of Tusculum
6060:
6042:
5962:
5932:Saxon revolt of 1077–1088
5883:
5807:
5570:
5455:
5362:
5131:
5054:
5043:
5026:
4956:
4937:
4918:
4896:
4872:
4853:
4542:
4501:
4452:
4394:
4161:
4111:
4100:
4092:
4082:
4067:
4057:
4048:
4040:
4035:
4008:
3961:. Longmans: London, 1967.
3875:C.H. Sergel Company, 1894
3713:University of Heidelberg
3492:10.1515/9783110179149.141
3152:Michael Borgolte (2009).
3102:"Die Grafen von Sulzbach"
2218:"Annales hildesheimenses"
2088:Wolfgang Stürner (2019).
1743:and Henry returned home.
1715:Failed campaign in France
1479:Second Italian expedition
1002:Map of Italy, around 1050
657:Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio
632:Period of consensual rule
273:
263:
251:
226:
208:
196:
175:
171:
161:
151:
143:
136:
128:
120:
112:
99:
89:
79:
69:
61:
54:
39:
34:
5835:Gotofredo da Castiglione
5458:(title disputed 887–933)
4907:Archduke John of Austria
3993:Henry V. (Roman emperor)
3672:Kleinhenz, Christopher.
3428:10.1515/9783110242331.61
3073:Nathalie Kruppa (2007).
1864:Chronicon Kemperlegiense
1661:Lambert, Bishop of Ostia
1447:which upset many princes
1351:Engelbert II of Spanheim
849:First Italian expedition
300:(from 1099 to 1125) and
6123:Investiture Controversy
5905:Donation of Constantine
5801:Investiture Controversy
3998:Encyclopædia Britannica
3868:University of Bonn 2015
2976:Robinson, J.H. (1904).
2849:"Die Macht der Rituale"
2576:I. S. Robinson (1990).
2168:I. S. Robinson (2003).
2110:Book only has 391 pages
1687:was to be performed by
1343:Berengar II of Sulzbach
1299:Count Gerhard of Julich
1224:Adalbert of Saarbrücken
1220:Reinhard of Halberstadt
1087:Treaty of Ponte Mammolo
922:Duke Welf II of Bavaria
870:Investiture Controversy
858:Duke Welf II of Bavaria
776:Boleslaus III of Poland
720:and from 1111 Margrave
571:On 20 December 1105 in
503:Archbishop of Magdeburg
487:Berengar II of Sulzbach
355:
321:Investiture Controversy
6072:Catholicism portal
3474:Monika Suchan (2003).
3265:Genealogie Mittelalter
1848:, Henry was guilty of
1765:margraviate of Meissen
1756:
1652:called a gathering of
1604:
1588:
1505:
1492:
1458:Ptolemy II of Tusculum
1394:
1271:practice of occupation
1239:Lothair of Supplinburg
1210:
1190:
1074:
1028:Robert I of Capua
1003:
985:Iron Crown of Lombardy
865:
822:Archbishop of Salzburg
684:
664:
648:
641:Lothair of Supplinburg
477:
421:Imperial Church System
293:
5990:Divine right of kings
5875:Rudolf of Rheinfelden
3819:Der Investiturstreit.
3812:The Holy Roman Empire
3742:. Kohlhammer Verlag.
3593:Holger Macht (2004).
3410:Gerd Althoff (2001).
2797:. MGH. Archived from
2674:. Deutsche Biographie
1857:behaved like a tyrant
1754:
1632:hard, even unbearable
1594:
1583:
1498:
1486:
1380:
1196:
1165:
1072:
1001:
981:archbishop Grossolano
899:Great St Bernard Pass
856:
807:per anulum et baculum
749:Lothar of Supplinburg
670:
654:
639:
563:Henry IV advanced to
475:
431:Henry IV in 1077. By
399:the landed nobility.
344:, and in 1122 he and
5985:College of Cardinals
5825:Antipope Clement III
5668:Lothair III (or II)
5021:between 476 and 1556
4920:German Confederation
4874:German Confederation
3955:Norwich, John Julius
3927:Ginn & co (1904)
3817:Hartmann, Wilfried.
3698:. Thorbecke Verlag,
3694:Weinfurter, Stefan.
3679:Weinfurter, Stefan.
3294:Tobias Küss (2013).
2882:Der Investiturstreit
2879:Claudia Zey (2017).
2774:. Universität Zürich
2519:Egon Boshof (2008).
2480:"Bitwa na Psim Polu"
2245:Der Investiturstreit
1747:Death and succession
1685:episcopal ordination
1355:Bishop of Regensburg
1314:Battle of Welfesholz
1295:Archbishop Frederick
1283:Bishop of Hildesheim
1254:Frederick of Cologne
1216:Conrad I of Salzburg
1079:St. Peter's Basilica
843:Châlons-en-Champagne
507:Pope Paschal II
433:repenting at Canossa
4459:Carolingian dynasty
4446:Monarchs of Germany
4155:Holy Roman emperors
4086:Emperor Lothair III
3893:Borgolte, Michael.
3882:Walter de Gruyter.
3781:Dendorfer, Jürgen.
3760:Dendorfer, Jürgen.
3738:Stürner, Wolfgang.
3676:. Routledge, 2004.
3347:John Freed (2016).
3020:Karl-Albert Zölch.
3003:Bisson, Thomas M.,
2955:Henderson, Ernest,
2801:on 17 February 2020
2220:. Archive org. 1878
2198:. Geschichtsquellen
1868:Quimperlé monastery
1807:and the Saxon Duke
1673:investiture dispute
1595:Imperial document (
1534:local archbishopric
1530:Kingdom of Portugal
1475:as administrators.
1427:after performing a
1287:Bishop of Merseburg
1247:Battle of Warnstadt
1207:William R. Shepherd
784:Battle of Hundsfeld
745:Otto of Ballenstedt
673:Battle of Hundsfeld
468:Assumption of power
452:Church Reform Party
395:Bishop of Utrecht.
342:Gregorian reformers
5893:Concordat of Worms
5865:Matilda of Tuscany
5850:Henry I of England
4544:Kingdom of Germany
4508:Kingdom of Germany
4114:Holy Roman Emperor
4075:King of the Romans
3873:History of Bohemia
3731:Lubich, Gerhard.
3100:Jürgen Dendorfer.
2455:History of Bohemia
1846:Hériman of Tournai
1757:
1729:Louis VI of France
1721:Henry I of England
1639:conclusion of the
1605:
1589:
1576:Concordat of Worms
1570:Concordat of Worms
1514:Matilda of Tuscany
1506:
1493:
1454:Hériman of Tournai
1443:Louis of Thuringia
1416:Roman-German Queen
1408:Henry I of England
1395:
1383:Matilda of England
1367:Duchy of Carinthia
1359:Bishop of Augsburg
1279:Diocese of Cambrai
1211:
1191:
1177:and declared it a
1114:depraved privilege
1112:and designated as
1075:
1060:Concordat of Sutri
1004:
927:Matilda of Tuscany
866:
862:Matilda of Tuscany
768:Coloman of Hungary
764:Svatopluk the Lion
685:
665:
649:
478:
350:Concordat of Worms
302:Holy Roman Emperor
233:Matilda of England
221:(heart and bowels)
147:1098 – 23 May 1125
116:1099 – 23 May 1125
106:King of the Romans
56:Holy Roman Emperor
6080:
6079:
6022:Donation of Pepin
6002:Holy Roman Empire
5980:Clerical celibacy
5820:Pope Callixtus II
5767:
5766:
5578:Holy Roman Empire
4985:
4984:
4911:
4910:(Imperial Regent)
4549:Holy Roman Empire
4478:Louis the Younger
4412:
4411:
4122:
4121:
4083:Succeeded by
4058:Succeeded by
3918:978-0-521-31922-5
3903:978-3-05-004829-1
3888:978-3-11-021468-0
3871:Vickers, Robert.
3827:978-3-486-70142-5
3814:. MacMillan, 1913
3805:978-0-521-54590-7
3748:978-3-17-035365-7
3726:978-3-406-50958-2
3689:978-3-406-53590-1
3656:978-3-412-22450-9
3606:978-3-8324-8385-2
3582:. F.A. Brockhaus.
3579:Kaiser Lothar III
3387:978-3-451-34636-1
3360:978-0-300-22116-9
3307:978-3-8316-4261-8
3246:978-1-108-01503-5
3219:978-3-11-028929-9
3192:978-0-19-251974-0
3165:978-3-05-004829-1
3086:978-3-525-35886-3
2892:978-3-406-70656-1
2833:978-1-317-02199-5
2753:978-0-313-30733-1
2657:978-1-84383-596-7
2589:978-0-521-31922-5
2559:978-3-11-095988-8
2532:978-3-17-020183-5
2505:978-3-11-021468-0
2453:Vickers, Robert,
2374:978-3-412-20201-9
2255:978-3-486-70142-5
2181:978-0-521-54590-7
2122:Kleinhenz, p. 492
2105:978-3-17-035365-7
2098:. pp. 446–.
2096:Kohlhammer Verlag
2036:978-3-406-50958-2
1974:978-3-406-53590-1
1942:978-1-135-94880-1
1824:and the upcoming
1769:Lothair of Saxony
1522:Pope Gregory VIII
1175:Adalbert of Mainz
1127:Return to Germany
1098:Cuno of Praeneste
1032:count of Tusculum
1016:Robert I of Capua
826:diocesan chapters
722:Hermann von Baden
718:Duke Friedrich II
597:imperial insignia
589:Böckelheim Castle
391:. His mentor was
346:Pope Callixtus II
283:
282:
16:(Redirected from
6160:
6153:Sons of emperors
6070:
6069:
5937:Gregorian Reform
5926:In nomine Domini
5840:Pope Gregory VII
5794:
5787:
5780:
5771:
5770:
5759:
5751:
5743:
5735:
5727:
5719:
5711:
5703:
5695:
5687:
5679:
5671:
5663:
5655:
5647:
5639:
5631:
5623:
5615:
5607:
5599:
5591:
5572:Kingdom of Italy
5562:
5554:
5540:
5532:
5524:
5510:
5496:
5488:
5474:
5447:
5439:
5431:
5423:
5415:
5407:
5399:
5391:
5383:
5375:
5354:
5346:
5338:
5330:
5322:
5314:
5306:
5298:
5290:
5282:
5274:
5266:
5258:
5250:
5242:
5234:
5226:
5218:
5210:
5202:
5194:
5186:
5178:
5170:
5162:
5152:
5144:
5123:
5115:
5107:
5099:
5091:
5083:
5075:
5067:
5049:
5037:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4989:
4988:
4909:
4468:Louis the German
4439:
4432:
4425:
4416:
4415:
4402:
4401:
4148:
4141:
4134:
4125:
4124:
4096:Emperor Henry IV
4093:Preceded by
4041:Preceded by
4031:
4024:
4006:
4005:
4002:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3908:Robinson, I. S.
3839:Struve, Tilman.
3832:Schlick, Jutta.
3795:Robinson, I.S.
3709:Althoff, Gerd.
3661:
3660:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3573:
3567:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3456:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3407:
3401:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3321:
3312:
3311:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3267:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3149:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3129:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3027:. Uni Heidelberg
3026:
3017:
3008:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2973:
2960:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2931:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2909:Kurt Andermann.
2906:
2897:
2896:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2793:Ludwig Weiland.
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2773:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2720:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2693:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2614:
2603:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2489:
2483:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2434:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2408:
2399:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2358:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2304:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2280:. Uni Heidelberg
2273:
2260:
2259:
2239:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2142:
2136:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2111:
2109:
2085:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2065:
2059:Gerhard Lubich.
2056:
2041:
2040:
2020:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1997:. Uni Heidelberg
1990:
1979:
1978:
1958:
1947:
1946:
1926:
1905:
1901:
1842:Richard of Cluny
1797:ambicone cecatus
1650:Ekkehard of Aura
1538:Pope Gelasius II
1439:Ottonian dynasty
1387:Ekkehard of Aura
1385:. (Chronicle of
1365:and in 1124 the
1339:Duchy of Bavaria
1203:Historical Atlas
1187:imperial regalia
1102:Pope Calixtus II
969:Otto of Freising
876:at the synod of
800:Milan metropolis
792:Ladislaus I
788:Duchy of Bohemia
585:Ruthard of Mainz
569:Vita Heinrici IV
417:Pope Gregory VII
317:imperial princes
245:
243:
214:Speyer Cathedral
184:
181:
44:
32:
31:
21:
6168:
6167:
6163:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6158:
6157:
6143:Empress Matilda
6083:
6082:
6081:
6076:
6064:
6056:
6038:
5958:
5954:Walk to Canossa
5910:Excommunication
5885:
5879:
5870:Pope Paschal II
5845:Guido da Velate
5803:
5798:
5768:
5763:
5757:
5749:
5741:
5733:
5725:
5717:
5709:
5701:
5693:
5685:
5677:
5669:
5661:
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5645:
5637:
5629:
5621:
5613:
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5405:
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5113:
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5065:
5050:
5041:
5035:
5022:
5016:
4986:
4981:
4952:
4933:
4914:
4892:
4868:
4849:
4716:Frederick (III)
4547:
4538:
4506:
4497:
4493:Louis the Child
4483:Charles the Fat
4457:
4448:
4443:
4413:
4408:
4390:
4157:
4152:
4117:
4106:
4098:
4088:
4079:
4072:
4063:
4054:
4046:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4011:
3991:, ed. (1911). "
3976:
3974:
3930:Comyn, Robert.
3923:Robinson, J.H.
3864:Halm, Martina.
3847:Schutz, Herbert
3753:Holland, A. W.
3669:
3664:
3657:
3641:
3637:
3627:
3625:
3620:E. Laura Heeg.
3618:
3614:
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2389:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2359:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2322:
2318:
2308:
2306:
2305:. Böhlau Verlag
2302:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2276:Jutta Schlick.
2274:
2263:
2256:
2240:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2182:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2143:
2139:
2131:Holland, A.W.,
2130:
2126:
2121:
2114:
2106:
2086:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2044:
2037:
2021:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1991:
1982:
1975:
1959:
1950:
1943:
1927:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1880:
1817:
1749:
1717:
1667:) and a papal (
1641:Worms Concordat
1636:walk to Canossa
1585:Worms Cathedral
1578:
1572:
1524:. At that time
1481:
1375:
1363:March of Istria
1285:and Gerhard as
1199:Duchy of Saxony
1183:Imperial Castle
1160:
1144:Memorialization
1129:
1123:
1110:Lateran council
1052:Carolingian era
1043:imperial abbots
993:historiographic
874:Paschal II
851:
834:Pope Paschal II
774:. An attack by
741:Henry the Black
737:Duchy of Saxony
711:Bruno von Trier
659:in the city of
634:
470:
444:Duchy of Swabia
377:Bertha of Savoy
363:
361:Imperial crisis
358:
329:Pope Paschal II
298:King of Germany
278:Bertha of Savoy
247:
244: 1110)
239:
235:
222:
217:
201:
185:
182:
103:
101:King of Germany
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6166:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6118:Salian dynasty
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6054:
6046:
6044:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6025:
6024:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5996:Dominium mundi
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5966:
5964:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5950:
5949:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5899:Dictatus papae
5895:
5889:
5887:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5804:
5797:
5796:
5789:
5782:
5774:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5753:
5748:Frederick III
5745:
5737:
5729:
5721:
5713:
5705:
5697:
5689:
5681:
5673:
5665:
5657:
5649:
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5633:
5625:
5617:
5609:
5601:
5593:
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5441:
5433:
5425:
5417:
5409:
5401:
5393:
5385:
5377:
5368:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5348:
5340:
5332:
5324:
5316:
5308:
5300:
5292:
5284:
5276:
5268:
5260:
5252:
5244:
5236:
5228:
5220:
5212:
5204:
5196:
5188:
5180:
5172:
5164:
5154:
5146:
5137:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5125:
5117:
5109:
5101:
5093:
5085:
5077:
5069:
5060:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5044:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5023:
5019:Kings of Italy
5015:
5014:
5007:
5000:
4992:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4963:
4961:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4944:
4942:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4929:Franz Joseph I
4925:
4923:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4903:
4901:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4879:
4877:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4860:
4858:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
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4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4617:Lothair II/III
4614:
4609:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4554:
4552:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4524:
4519:
4513:
4511:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4464:
4462:
4450:
4449:
4442:
4441:
4434:
4427:
4419:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4151:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4128:
4120:
4119:
4109:
4108:
4099:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4081:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4056:
4047:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4036:Regnal titles
4033:
4032:
4015:Salian dynasty
4012:
4009:
4004:
4003:
3989:Chisholm, Hugh
3972:
3962:
3952:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3906:
3891:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3815:
3810:Bryce, James.
3808:
3793:
3790:978-3799542692
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3736:
3735:(PDF). Regesta
3729:
3714:
3707:
3704:978-3799501408
3692:
3677:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3655:
3635:
3612:
3605:
3585:
3568:
3559:
3547:
3545:Vol. V, p. 604
3535:
3512:
3466:
3457:
3448:
3402:
3400:Milman, p. 318
3393:
3386:
3366:
3359:
3339:
3313:
3306:
3286:
3284:Milman, p. 307
3277:
3268:
3252:
3245:
3225:
3218:
3198:
3191:
3171:
3164:
3141:
3123:AmalieFössel.
3115:
3104:. Uni Freiburg
3092:
3085:
3065:
3060:10.1086/479958
3038:
3009:
2996:
2961:
2948:
2932:
2923:
2898:
2891:
2871:
2862:
2847:Gerd Althoff.
2839:
2832:
2812:
2785:
2759:
2752:
2732:
2706:
2694:
2685:
2663:
2656:
2636:
2604:
2595:
2588:
2565:
2558:
2538:
2531:
2511:
2504:
2484:
2478:M. Kaczmarek,
2471:
2459:
2457:, 1894, p. 137
2446:
2420:
2402:Martina Halm.
2387:
2373:
2346:
2325:Herbert Schutz
2316:
2291:
2261:
2254:
2231:
2209:
2187:
2180:
2160:
2137:
2124:
2112:
2104:
2077:
2042:
2035:
2008:
1993:Gerd Althoff.
1980:
1973:
1948:
1941:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1879:
1876:
1816:
1813:
1793:libera electio
1748:
1745:
1716:
1713:
1681:spiritualities
1574:Main article:
1571:
1568:
1554:Imperial Peace
1480:
1477:
1374:
1371:
1275:court chaplain
1243:Duke of Saxony
1232:Trifels Castle
1167:Trifels Castle
1159:
1156:
1128:
1125:
1014:of Apulia and
850:
847:
655:Atrium of the
633:
630:
469:
466:
429:excommunicated
427:. Gregory VII
423:since Emperor
370:(Schwertleite)
362:
359:
357:
354:
281:
280:
275:
271:
270:
265:
261:
260:
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81:
77:
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73:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
52:
51:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6165:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6073:
6068:
6063:
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6013:
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6000:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
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5968:
5967:
5965:
5961:
5955:
5952:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5927:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5900:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5882:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5806:
5802:
5795:
5790:
5788:
5783:
5781:
5776:
5775:
5772:
5760:
5754:
5752:
5746:
5744:
5738:
5736:
5730:
5728:
5722:
5720:
5714:
5712:
5708:Frederick II
5706:
5704:
5698:
5696:
5690:
5688:
5682:
5680:
5674:
5672:
5666:
5664:
5658:
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5650:
5648:
5642:
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5511:
5504:
5503:
5499:
5497:
5491:
5489:
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5481:
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5475:
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5454:
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5029:
5025:
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5013:
5008:
5006:
5001:
4999:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4972:Frederick III
4970:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4958:German Empire
4955:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4936:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4898:German Empire
4895:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4852:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4800:Ferdinand III
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4780:Maximilian II
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4760:Frederick III
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4545:
4541:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4504:
4500:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4440:
4435:
4433:
4428:
4426:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4405:
4397:
4396:
4393:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4346:Ferdinand III
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4326:Maximilian II
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4306:Frederick III
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4160:
4156:
4149:
4144:
4142:
4137:
4135:
4130:
4129:
4126:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4104:
4103:King of Arles
4097:
4091:
4087:
4078:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4062:
4053:
4052:
4051:King of Italy
4045:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4022:
4017:
4016:
4007:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3990:
3985:
3984:public domain
3973:
3970:
3966:
3965:Milman, Henry
3963:
3960:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3942:J. P. Whitney
3939:
3938:Gwatkin, H.M.
3936:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3831:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3720:. C.H. Beck.
3719:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3658:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3639:
3623:
3616:
3608:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3589:
3581:
3580:
3572:
3566:Comyn, p. 184
3563:
3557:Comyn, p. 183
3554:
3552:
3544:
3539:
3523:
3516:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3470:
3464:Comyn, p. 182
3461:
3455:Bryce, p. 164
3452:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3406:
3397:
3389:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3370:
3362:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3343:
3327:
3320:
3318:
3309:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3290:
3281:
3275:Comyn, p. 179
3272:
3266:
3262:
3259:S. Hellmann,
3256:
3248:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3229:
3221:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3202:
3194:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3175:
3167:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3148:
3146:
3126:
3119:
3103:
3096:
3088:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3069:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3042:
3023:
3016:
3014:
3006:
3000:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2958:
2952:
2946:Comyn, p. 181
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2930:Comyn, p. 180
2927:
2912:
2905:
2903:
2894:
2888:
2885:. C.H. Beck.
2884:
2883:
2875:
2869:Bryce, p. 306
2866:
2850:
2843:
2835:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2816:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2770:
2767:Claudia Zey.
2763:
2755:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2736:
2717:
2714:Monika Pohl.
2710:
2704:Comyn, p. 177
2701:
2699:
2689:
2673:
2667:
2659:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2640:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2602:Comyn, p. 176
2599:
2591:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2572:
2570:
2561:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2488:
2481:
2475:
2468:
2463:
2456:
2450:
2431:
2424:
2405:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2376:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2301:
2295:
2279:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2257:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2238:
2236:
2219:
2213:
2197:
2191:
2183:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2164:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2128:
2119:
2117:
2107:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2084:
2082:
2062:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2038:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1996:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1976:
1970:
1967:. C.H. Beck.
1966:
1965:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1944:
1938:
1935:. Routledge.
1934:
1933:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1916:
1900:
1896:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1753:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1733:Low Countries
1730:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1701:royal regalia
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1677:temporalities
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1504:
1503:
1499:Route of the
1497:
1490:
1485:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1357:and Hermann,
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1155:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1106:Reform Church
1103:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1000:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
964:
962:
961:
956:
952:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
928:
923:
919:
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
895:
889:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
863:
859:
855:
846:
844:
840:
835:
830:
827:
823:
819:
814:
812:
808:
803:
801:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
770:on behalf of
769:
765:
761:
757:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
729:
725:
723:
719:
716:
712:
707:
703:
701:
695:
690:
682:
678:
674:
669:
662:
658:
653:
646:
642:
638:
629:
627:
623:
618:
616:
613:reference to
611:
605:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
510:
508:
504:
499:
496:
491:
488:
484:
474:
465:
462:
458:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
371:
368:
353:
351:
347:
343:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
279:
276:
272:
269:
266:
262:
259:
256:
254:
250:
234:
229:
225:
220:
215:
211:
207:
204:
199:
195:
192:
188:
178:
174:
170:
167:
164:
160:
157:
154:
150:
146:
142:
139:
138:King of Italy
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
102:
98:
95:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
75:13 April 1111
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
53:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
6098:1080s births
6049:
6017:Papal States
5994:
5947:Sack of Rome
5924:
5897:
5859:
5684:Frederick I
5659:
5551:Berengar II
5544:
5514:
5500:
5478:
5464:
5456:Non-dynastic
5428:Charles III
5372:Charlemagne
5364:Carolingians
5157:
5027:Non-dynastic
4805:Ferdinand IV
4795:Ferdinand II
4765:Maximilian I
4742:
4725:
4683:
4668:Henry (VIII)
4666:
4652:Frederick II
4611:
4607:Conrad (III)
4599:
4592:
4526:
4503:East Francia
4454:East Francia
4341:Ferdinand II
4311:Maximilian I
4281:Frederick II
4255:
4112:
4101:
4068:
4049:
4027:
4020:
4013:
3996:
3968:
3958:
3944:
3931:
3924:
3909:
3897:de Gruyter.
3894:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3850:
3840:
3833:
3818:
3811:
3796:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3739:
3732:
3717:
3710:
3695:
3680:
3673:
3645:
3638:
3626:. Retrieved
3615:
3595:
3588:
3578:
3571:
3562:
3542:
3538:
3526:. Retrieved
3515:
3503:. Retrieved
3483:
3479:
3469:
3460:
3451:
3439:. Retrieved
3419:
3415:
3405:
3396:
3376:
3369:
3349:
3342:
3330:. Retrieved
3296:
3289:
3280:
3271:
3260:
3255:
3235:
3228:
3208:
3201:
3181:
3174:
3154:
3132:. Retrieved
3130:. Uni Zürich
3118:
3106:. Retrieved
3095:
3075:
3068:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3029:. Retrieved
3004:
2999:
2987:. Retrieved
2978:
2956:
2951:
2926:
2914:. Retrieved
2881:
2874:
2865:
2853:. Retrieved
2842:
2822:
2815:
2803:. Retrieved
2799:the original
2788:
2776:. Retrieved
2762:
2742:
2735:
2723:. Retrieved
2709:
2688:
2676:. Retrieved
2666:
2646:
2639:
2627:. Retrieved
2622:
2598:
2578:
2548:
2541:
2521:
2514:
2494:
2487:
2479:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2454:
2449:
2437:. Retrieved
2423:
2411:. Retrieved
2378:. Retrieved
2363:
2337:. Retrieved
2332:
2319:
2307:. Retrieved
2294:
2282:. Retrieved
2244:
2222:. Retrieved
2212:
2200:. Retrieved
2190:
2170:
2163:
2151:. Retrieved
2140:
2132:
2127:
2090:
2068:. Retrieved
2025:
1999:. Retrieved
1963:
1931:
1899:
1871:
1863:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1758:
1718:
1705:Metropolitan
1696:
1693:Heinricianum
1692:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1665:Heinricianum
1664:
1658:
1653:
1646:
1631:
1627:
1613:
1606:
1600:
1597:Heinricianum
1596:
1558:
1553:
1545:
1519:
1507:
1500:
1489:Brenner Pass
1466:
1451:
1446:
1434:
1428:
1404:Anglo-Norman
1396:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1291:
1270:
1266:
1262:ministerials
1251:
1246:
1236:
1228:Middle Rhine
1212:
1202:
1178:
1148:
1138:
1130:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1076:
1059:
1040:
1005:
988:
972:
965:
959:
958:
954:
950:
948:
917:
915:
892:
890:
867:
841:and 1107 in
831:
815:
806:
804:
796:
772:Prince Álmos
753:
730:
726:
699:
693:
688:
686:
681:Bolesław III
675:near modern
625:
619:
609:
606:
604:continuity.
592:
576:
568:
562:
535:
531:metropolitan
522:
514:
511:
500:
495:ministerials
492:
479:
451:
437:
397:
374:
369:
364:
314:
285:
284:
29:
6103:1125 deaths
6007:Investiture
5758:(1530–1556)
5750:(1452–1493)
5742:(1431–1437)
5734:(1355–1378)
5732:Charles IV
5726:(1327–1347)
5718:(1311–1313)
5710:(1212–1250)
5702:(1209–1212)
5694:(1186–1197)
5686:(1154–1186)
5678:(1138–1152)
5676:Conrad III
5670:(1125–1137)
5662:(1106–1125)
5654:(1093–1101)
5646:(1056–1105)
5638:(1039–1056)
5630:(1026–1039)
5622:(1004–1024)
5614:(1002–1014)
5537:Lothair II
5471:Berengar I
5466:Unruochings
5412:Charles II
5351:Desiderius
5327:Hildeprand
5303:Aripert II
5158:Interregnum
4960:(1871–1918)
4941:(1867–1871)
4922:(1850–1866)
4900:(1848/1849)
4888:Ferdinand I
4876:(1815–1848)
4857:(1806–1813)
4825:Charles VII
4775:Ferdinand I
4657:Henry (VII)
4632:Frederick I
4366:Charles VII
4321:Ferdinand I
4266:Frederick I
4261:Lothair III
4191:Charles III
4166:Charlemagne
4070:German King
3628:10 February
3528:10 February
3505:10 February
3441:10 February
3332:10 February
3134:10 February
3108:10 February
3031:10 February
2202:10 February
1564:itinerarium
1502:Via Imperii
1252:Archbishop
1214:Archbishop
733:Duke Magnus
542:Leopold III
519:Quedlinburg
312:, in 1098.
294:Heinrich V.
152:Predecessor
132:Lothair III
121:Predecessor
94:Lothair III
80:Predecessor
48:Gospel Book
6087:Categories
5886:and events
5756:Charles V
5740:Sigismund
5716:Henry VII
5652:Conrad II
5636:Henry III
5628:Conrad II
5606:(996–1002)
5581:(962–1556)
5396:Lothair I
5319:Liutprand
5295:Raginpert
5255:Perctarit
5231:Perctarit
5215:Aripert I
5080:Theodahad
5072:Athalaric
5064:Theodoric
5056:Ostrogoths
4977:William II
4864:Napoleon I
4845:Francis II
4840:Leopold II
4820:Charles VI
4733:Wenceslaus
4721:Charles IV
4627:Henry (VI)
4622:Conrad III
4551:(962–1806)
4546:within the
4456:during the
4386:Francis II
4381:Leopold II
4361:Charles VI
4331:Rudolph II
4296:Charles IV
4186:Charles II
4118:1111–1125
4107:1105–1125
4080:1099–1125
4073:(formally
4061:Conrad III
4055:1098–1125
3859:1443819662
3683:C.H. Beck
3624:. Academia
2989:14 October
2916:9 February
2855:9 February
2805:9 February
2778:9 February
2725:4 February
2678:4 February
2672:"Mathilde"
2629:4 February
2625:. Academia
2522:Die Salier
2439:4 February
2413:3 February
2409:. Uni Bonn
2380:4 February
2339:4 February
2335:. academia
2309:3 February
2284:4 February
2224:4 February
2153:3 February
2070:3 February
2001:3 February
1912:References
1809:Lothar III
1697:Calixtinum
1669:Calixtinum
1473:Conrad III
1201:919–1125,
1179:Reichsburg
1134:liturgical
971:, gave an
901:, reached
756:Borivoi II
706:bishoprics
615:Saint Mary
560:in Mainz.
389:Regensburg
337:autocratic
333:coronation
166:Conrad III
104:(Formally
71:Coronation
5970:Canon law
5884:Documents
5830:Erlembald
5724:Louis IV
5692:Henry VI
5644:Henry IV
5620:Henry II
5612:Arduin I
5604:Otto III
5598:(980–983)
5590:(962–973)
5561:(950–963)
5559:Adalbert
5553:(950–963)
5546:Anscarids
5539:(945–950)
5531:(926–947)
5523:(900–905)
5521:Louis II
5509:(922–933)
5495:(891–897)
5487:(889–894)
5480:Guideschi
5473:(887–924)
5438:(896–899)
5430:(879–887)
5422:(877–879)
5420:Carloman
5414:(875–877)
5406:(855–875)
5398:(818–855)
5390:(810–818)
5382:(781–810)
5374:(774–814)
5353:(756–774)
5345:(749–756)
5337:(744–749)
5321:(712–744)
5311:Ansprand
5305:(702–712)
5289:(700–702)
5287:Liutpert
5281:(689–700)
5279:Cunipert
5265:(688–689)
5263:Cunipert
5257:(671–688)
5247:Garibald
5241:(662–671)
5239:Grimoald
5233:(661–662)
5225:(661–662)
5223:Godepert
5217:(653–661)
5209:(652–653)
5201:(636-652)
5193:(626–636)
5185:(616–626)
5183:Adaloald
5177:(590–616)
5169:(584–590)
5161:(574–584)
5151:(572–574)
5143:(568–572)
5122:(552–553)
5114:(541–552)
5098:(540–541)
5090:(536–540)
5082:(534–536)
5074:(526–534)
5066:(493–526)
5036:(476–493)
4967:William I
4948:William I
4883:Francis I
4835:Joseph II
4830:Francis I
4810:Leopold I
4785:Rudolf II
4770:Charles V
4755:Albert II
4750:Sigismund
4706:Henry VII
4662:Conrad IV
4583:Henry III
4578:Conrad II
4510:(919–962)
4505:(911–919)
4461:(843–911)
4376:Joseph II
4371:Francis I
4351:Leopold I
4316:Charles V
4301:Sigismund
4286:Henry VII
4246:Henry III
4241:Conrad II
4211:Louis III
4176:Lothair I
4044:Conrad II
3500:163635625
3436:185916459
2066:. Regesta
1891:Footnotes
1815:Judgement
1559:court day
1322:court day
1307:Andernach
1303:Andernach
1218:, Bishop
1171:Annweiler
1139:milestone
1118:Pravilege
878:Guastalla
839:Guastalla
811:Henry III
747:, but to
601:Ingelheim
527:Merseburg
523:humilitas
515:Gregorian
440:Friedrich
413:Carinthia
162:Successor
156:Conrad II
129:Successor
90:Successor
6043:See also
5963:Concepts
5700:Otto IV
5660:Henry V
5596:Otto II
5516:Bosonids
5507:Rudolph
5493:Lambert
5404:Louis I
5388:Bernard
5343:Aistulf
5335:Ratchis
5207:Rodoald
5199:Rothari
5191:Arioald
5175:Agilulf
5167:Authari
5133:Lombards
5096:Ildibad
5088:Vitiges
5034:Odoacer
4815:Joseph I
4790:Matthias
4711:Louis IV
4701:Albert I
4691:Rudolf I
4637:Henry VI
4588:Henry IV
4573:Henry II
4568:Otto III
4517:Conrad I
4473:Carloman
4404:Category
4356:Joseph I
4336:Matthias
4291:Louis IV
4271:Henry VI
4251:Henry IV
4236:Henry II
4231:Otto III
4216:Berengar
4181:Louis II
3328:Academia
1878:See also
1761:Flanders
1737:Flanders
1725:Normandy
1550:Würzburg
1532:and the
1462:Tusculan
1425:Carniola
1421:penitent
1349:, count
1258:Frisians
979:, where
977:Lombardy
932:Lombardy
903:Piacenza
818:Conrad I
575:Henry V
485:, Count
461:Florence
367:accolade
310:Henry IV
124:Henry IV
84:Henry IV
5588:Otto I
5574:within
5444:Ratold
5436:Arnulf
5271:Alahis
5141:Alboin
5112:Totila
5104:Eraric
4727:Günther
4685:Alfonso
4679:Richard
4674:William
4647:Otto IV
4612:Henry V
4601:Hermann
4563:Otto II
4522:Henry I
4276:Otto IV
4256:Henry V
4226:Otto II
4201:Lambert
4171:Louis I
3986::
3951:, 1926.
3920:. 1990
3905:. 2009
3755:Germany
3706:. 2004
3667:Sources
2623:Francia
2133:Germany
1866:of the
1773:Utrecht
1727:. Like
1618:on the
1435:Deditio
1430:Deditio
1400:Matilda
1267:villici
1047:regalia
1008:Normans
944:Tuscany
940:Romagna
760:Bohemia
715:Staufer
700:Hoftage
698:diets (
679:, Duke
677:Wrocław
671:At the
573:Koblenz
405:Bavaria
325:regalia
286:Henry V
253:Dynasty
246:
238:
203:Utrecht
35:Henry V
6034:Simony
6012:Papacy
5808:People
5380:Pepin
5149:Cleph
4738:Rupert
4642:Philip
4594:Rudolf
4558:Otto I
4534:Otto I
4528:Arnulf
4488:Arnulf
4221:Otto I
4206:Arnulf
4026:
3980:
3971:. 1854
3934:. 1851
3916:
3901:
3886:
3857:
3829:. 2010
3825:
3807:. 2003
3803:
3788:
3750:. 2019
3746:
3728:. 2003
3724:
3702:
3691:. 2006
3687:
3653:
3603:
3498:
3434:
3384:
3357:
3304:
3243:
3216:
3189:
3162:
3083:
2889:
2830:
2750:
2654:
2586:
2556:
2529:
2502:
2371:
2252:
2178:
2102:
2033:
1971:
1939:
1861:Breton
1855:, who
1777:Speyer
1691:. The
1616:Mouzon
1609:Tribur
1546:Hoftag
1318:Hoftag
1209:, 1923
1095:legate
1064:simony
1025:Prince
938:, the
936:Emilia
916:Henry
894:Hoftag
886:Troyes
882:France
780:Poland
581:Bingen
550:Bishop
546:Speyer
457:Aachen
448:Conrad
425:Otto I
409:Swabia
401:Saxony
393:Conrad
381:Conrad
306:Salian
290:German
274:Mother
264:Father
258:Salian
227:Spouse
216:(body)
209:Burial
191:Saxony
187:Goslar
5529:Hugh
5502:Welfs
5446:(896)
5329:(744)
5313:(712)
5297:(701)
5273:(689)
5249:(671)
5120:Teia
5106:(541)
4744:Jobst
4696:Adolf
4028:Died:
4021:Born:
3496:S2CID
3432:S2CID
3128:(PDF)
3025:(PDF)
2851:. WBG
2772:(PDF)
2719:(PDF)
2435:. MGH
2433:(PDF)
2407:(PDF)
2303:(PDF)
2064:(PDF)
1838:Judas
1833:Suger
1709:Reims
1624:Reims
1620:Meuse
1526:Braga
1412:dowry
1406:King
1152:Worms
1056:tithe
1012:Roger
960:Henry
911:Sutri
907:Parma
891:At a
661:Milan
622:Liège
565:Mainz
554:Regen
538:Agnes
385:Agnes
240:(
236:
144:Reign
113:Reign
62:Reign
5576:the
5485:Guy
4030:1125
4023:1086
3914:ISBN
3899:ISBN
3890:2009
3884:ISBN
3861:2010
3855:ISBN
3823:ISBN
3801:ISBN
3792:2005
3786:ISBN
3744:ISBN
3722:ISBN
3700:ISBN
3685:ISBN
3651:ISBN
3630:2020
3601:ISBN
3530:2020
3507:2020
3443:2020
3382:ISBN
3355:ISBN
3334:2020
3302:ISBN
3241:ISBN
3214:ISBN
3187:ISBN
3160:ISBN
3136:2020
3110:2020
3081:ISBN
3033:2020
2991:2014
2918:2020
2887:ISBN
2857:2020
2828:ISBN
2807:2020
2780:2020
2748:ISBN
2727:2020
2680:2020
2652:ISBN
2631:2020
2584:ISBN
2554:ISBN
2527:ISBN
2500:ISBN
2441:2020
2415:2020
2382:2020
2369:ISBN
2341:2020
2311:2020
2286:2020
2250:ISBN
2226:2020
2204:2020
2176:ISBN
2155:2020
2100:ISBN
2072:2020
2031:ISBN
2003:2020
1969:ISBN
1937:ISBN
1840:and
1741:Metz
1487:The
1197:The
1021:Lodi
942:and
905:and
860:and
790:for
645:fief
558:diet
411:and
383:and
356:Life
197:Died
176:Born
4196:Guy
3995:".
3488:doi
3424:doi
3056:doi
2984:297
1836:of
1548:in
1205:by
1120:).
758:in
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1874:.
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