223:
168:(SGGA) convention in 1906, and attacked the grain handling system. He said the elevator companies, millers and exporters rigged grain prices so they were low during the fall harvest period, when farmers had to sell to obtain cash to pay their debts. They then made future contracts to the English buyers for delivery at far higher prices. Many of his audience were convinced by his argument. The leaders of the SGGA were opposed to Partridge's plan to establish a farmer-owned company, but he ignored their objections. The organization meeting for the Grain Growers' Grain Company (GGGC) was held in Sintaluta on 27 January 1906.
24:
135:
289:
211:. Trading privileges were restored on 15 April 1907. The president of the MGGA, D.W. McCuaig, sued three of the exchange's members for combining to obstruct trade. The farmers saw the reinstatement of the GGGC and a forced reorganization of the exchange as a vindication of their criticisms of the trading companies. However, the GGGC quickly adapted to following the same practices that the farmers had attacked.
317:(UGG). The AFCEC had been established in 1913 and at once began construction. At the time of the merger it owned 103 elevators, 122 coals sheds and 145 warehouses. The GGGC owned 60 elevators in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, leased and operated 137 elevators owned by the Manitoba Government, and had 55 coal sheds and 78 warehouses for flour and farm supplies. It also owned the
257:
elevator companies to handle the grain, which it sold on a commission basis on the exchange and returned profits to the investors. The GGGC made no effort to sell direct to foreign buyers, and was criticized by
Partridge and others for its cautious approach. The growers' associations often asserted that the GGGC officials were inefficient and lacked judgement.
189:
118:, which became the most popular farmer's newspaper in the region. In 1912 the GGGC began operating inland and terminal grain elevators, and in 1913 moved into the farm supply business. The GGGC was financially secure and owned or operated almost 200 elevators as well as 122 coals sheds and 145 warehouses by the time it merged with the
260:
In 1912 Partridge organized a group that wrote an open letter to the grain growers in which they accused Crerar of "lack of industry and business ability," and of failure "in carrying out the wishes of the directors." Partridge was concerned about a speculative purchase that one of the executives had
199:
The GGGC immediately found itself engaged in a struggle with the existing grain companies. On 8 November 1906 it was expelled from the exchange due to its practice as a cooperative of paying patronage dividends to its member clients. In
December 1906 Partridge and other officers were forced to pledge
268:
was founded in 1911 to provide elevator services for local farmers, and later expanded into selling grain. In July 1912 the GGGC also entered the elevator business when it leased 174 country grain elevators from the government of
Manitoba, and began to operate 135 of them. The GGGC started to build
214:
The first annual meeting of the GGGC was held on 16 July 1907. Partridge resigned as president at this meeting, in part because the company's original cooperative structure had been modified to meet the requirements of the Grain
Exchange, in part because he was not interested in running the company
256:
On 19 May 1911 the GGGC received a
Dominion charter. The company grew fast, from 1,800 shareholders in 1907 to more than 27,000 in 1912. The volume of grain handled by the company increased in that period from 2.3 million to almost 28 million bushels. At first the GGGC made arrangements with the
171:
At first it was an uphill battle to gain support. Less than a thousand shares had been sold by midsummer 1906. In June the
Secretary of State at Ottawa refused to grant the company a Dominion charter on technical grounds. The GGGC was forced to apply for incorporation in Manitoba, which would
248:(UFA). This created a sense of solidarity and unity of purpose among the prairie farmers. The GGGC gave subsidies of CAN$ 25,000 to programs ran by the provincial growers' associations between 1909 and 1914, and provided CAN$ 60,000 for education in the same period.
304:
and entered the farm supply business, selling other products such as coal and apples. After a slow start the business began to flourish as vendors of supplies came to realize the value of the farmer-owned outlets. The GGGC opened a livestock branch in March 1916.
161:. He was treated poorly and became convinced that the exchange was not interested in the farmers, who needed their own grain company. He called the Exchange the "House of the Closed Shutters." He described it as "a combine" with "a gambling hell thrown in."
175:
The provisional directors held their first meeting on 26 July 1906, where they elected
Partridge president. The GGGC was officially launched on 5 September 1906. The company set up its headquarters in Winnipeg and purchased a seat on the
261:
made and felt that Crerar, the president of the GGGC, should be forced to leave. Instead
Partridge left the GGGC and tried to launch another grain company, but was not successful. The GGGC provided a pension to Partridge from 1916.
281:. They started to operate the terminals in October 1912 as one unit with a capacity of 2,300,000 imperial bushels. In 1913 the company bought another terminal in Fort William. It burned down in 1916 and was replaced by a terminal in
200:
their personal assets to prevent the bank from closing the company's account. The first general meeting of shareholders was held on 5 February 1907. The company was reorganized along lines that were no longer explicitly cooperative.
172:
handicap inter-provincial operations. The original charter was dated 20 July 1906. No farmer was allowed to own more than four of the $ 25 shares, and each farmer received just one vote at the meetings.
180:. The company did not have the $ 2,500 needed for the seat, so five of the founders had to sign personal notes to make up the amount. The first car of grain was received on 21 September 1906.
108:(GGGC) was a farmers' cooperative founded in the prairie provinces of western Canada in 1906. The GGGC met strong resistance from existing grain dealers. It was forced off the
680:
112:
and almost failed. With help from the
Manitoba government it regained its seat on the exchange, and soon had a profitable grain trading business. The company founded the
1120:
1115:
240:
first appeared in June 1908, edited by
Partridge. It was published by the Grain Growers' Grain Company through its subsidiary, Public Press Limited. The
234:
Partridge felt that the press had given unfair treatment of the struggle to get the GGGC off the ground, and helped organize a farmers' publication. The
776:
119:
1140:
800:
1145:
1135:
1105:
1085:
322:
265:
165:
154:
688:
1125:
1110:
204:
325:
was involved in the merger discussions, but in the end decided not to join the UGG. Crerar continued as president of the UGG.
1044:
1011:
984:
957:
913:
861:
834:
741:
714:
1095:
949:
Agrarian Socialism: The Cooperative Commonwealth Federation in Saskatchewan : a Study in Political Sociology
230:(15 December 1915). Farmers in the west are feeding the Milch Cow, while capitalists in the east are milking it.
1090:
264:
Although the company operated in all three prairie provinces, it was mainly concentrated in Manitoba. The
784:
1100:
878:
222:
146:
138:
58:
149:, an "impetuous and idealistic" man. He was called "the sage of Sintaluta". Partridge was sent by the
930:
245:
313:
In 1917 the GGGC merged with the Alberta Farmers' Co-operative Elevator Company (AFCEC) to form the
1130:
270:
244:
represented the interests of the three provincial grain growers' associations, the MGGA, SGGA and
808:
236:
177:
158:
114:
109:
1036:
905:
1001:
974:
851:
758:
731:
704:
947:
824:
274:
314:
301:
293:
282:
123:
76:
8:
134:
1029:
898:
1040:
1007:
980:
953:
909:
857:
830:
737:
733:
Farmers "making Good": The Development of Abernethy District, Saskatchewan, 1880-1920
710:
23:
444:
442:
440:
438:
1061:
436:
434:
432:
430:
428:
426:
424:
422:
420:
418:
415:
208:
1079:
278:
216:
192:
1031:
The Agrarian Revolt in Western Canada: A Survey Showing American Parallels
879:"United Farmers of Manitoba [Manitoba Grain Growers Association]"
269:
new country elevators. The GGGC leased two terminal elevators from the
150:
679:
448:
288:
219:
of Manitoba, who was president and general manager until 1917.
929:
Knuttila, K. Murray (2014). "PARTRIDGE, EDWARD ALEXANDER".
568:
393:
391:
157:(TGGA) to Winnipeg in January–February 1905 to observe the
145:
The GGGC was largely the creation of the agrarian activist
826:
Beyond Bylines: Media Workers and Women's Rights in Canada
900:
That Man Partridge: E.A. Partidge, His Thoughts and Times
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
521:
188:
580:
388:
351:
349:
645:
623:
621:
619:
556:
533:
511:
509:
507:
505:
478:
657:
592:
490:
454:
378:
376:
361:
346:
633:
403:
616:
604:
502:
466:
1028:
897:
373:
334:
203:The GGGC was reinstated on the exchange when the
141:, the driving force behind foundation of the GGGC
1077:
706:Saskatchewan Agriculture: Lives Past and Present
1121:Food and drink companies disestablished in 1917
120:Alberta Farmers' Co-operative Elevator Company
285:with a capacity of 300,000 imperial bushels.
207:(MGGA) exerted pressure on the government of
1116:Food and drink companies established in 1906
876:
702:
586:
574:
300:In May 1913 the GGGC leased a flour mill in
215:he had launched. Partridge was succeeded by
760:The Cambridge history of the British Empire
972:
798:
550:
397:
323:Saskatchewan Co-operative Elevator Company
266:Saskatchewan Co-operative Elevator Company
774:
663:
928:
895:
777:"UNITED GRAIN GROWERS (AGRICORE UNITED)"
687:. University of Manitoba. Archived from
639:
562:
527:
484:
460:
449:Archives of United Grain Growers, U of M
367:
287:
221:
187:
133:
1059:
849:
822:
756:
685:Archives of the Agricultural Experience
651:
598:
355:
166:Saskatchewan Grain Growers' Association
1141:1917 disestablishments in Saskatchewan
1078:
1035:. University of Regina Press. p.
999:
945:
904:. University of Regina Press. p.
496:
472:
409:
155:Territorial Grain Growers' Association
1026:
946:Lipset, Seymour Martin (1971-01-01).
627:
610:
382:
340:
729:
515:
1146:Defunct companies based in Winnipeg
1136:1906 establishments in Saskatchewan
1106:Agricultural marketing cooperatives
1086:Agricultural cooperatives in Canada
877:Goldsborough, Gordon (2013-08-08).
292:Directors of what would become the
205:Manitoba Grain Growers' Association
13:
952:. University of California Press.
823:Freeman, Barbara M. (2011-12-14).
681:"Archives of United Grain Growers"
14:
1157:
896:Knuttila, Kenneth Murray (1994).
703:Dale-Burnett, Lisa Lynne (2006).
932:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
853:The Canadian Prairies: A History
763:. CUP Archive. GGKEY:RPCX9953HTH
22:
973:Marchildon, Gregory P. (2011).
856:. University of Toronto Press.
829:. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press.
736:. University of Calgary Press.
1027:Sharp, Paul Frederick (1997).
1000:Porter, Jene M. (2008-01-01).
979:. University of Regina Press.
850:Friesen, Gerald (1987-01-01).
801:"GRAIN GROWERS' GRAIN COMPANY"
709:. University of Regina Press.
183:
1:
1126:1917 mergers and acquisitions
1111:Former cooperatives of Canada
781:Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan=
328:
195:, President from 1907 to 1917
129:
1003:Perspectives of Saskatchewan
805:Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
251:
153:, Saskatchewan local of the
106:Grain Growers' Grain Company
17:Grain Growers' Grain Company
7:
1006:. Univ. of Manitoba Press.
883:Manitoba Historical Society
10:
1162:
1060:Sherman, Patricia (2014).
799:Fairbairn, Brett (2014b).
672:
147:Edward Alexander Partridge
139:Edward Alexander Partridge
98:Canadian prairie provinces
59:Edward Alexander Partridge
775:Fairbairn, Brett (2014).
308:
246:United Farmers of Alberta
92:
82:
72:
64:
54:
46:
38:
30:
21:
271:Canadian Pacific Railway
1096:Economy of Saskatchewan
757:Dodwell, Henry (1929).
178:Winnipeg Grain Exchange
159:Winnipeg Grain Exchange
110:Winnipeg Grain Exchange
297:
231:
196:
164:Patridge spoke at the
142:
291:
275:Fort William, Ontario
225:
191:
137:
1062:"Manitoba Grain Act"
976:Agricultural History
319:Grain Growers' Guide
315:United Grain Growers
302:Rapid City, Manitoba
294:United Grain Growers
237:Grain Growers' Guide
124:United Grain Growers
115:Grain Growers' Guide
77:United Grain Growers
34:Farmers' cooperative
1091:Economy of Manitoba
730:Dick, Lyle (2008).
228:Grain Growers Guide
18:
1101:Economy of Alberta
298:
232:
197:
143:
16:
1046:978-0-88977-106-2
1013:978-0-88755-353-0
986:978-0-88977-237-3
959:978-0-520-02056-6
915:978-0-88977-079-9
863:978-0-8020-6648-0
836:978-1-55458-313-3
743:978-1-55238-241-7
716:978-0-88977-169-7
587:Goldsborough 2013
575:Dale-Burnett 2006
226:Cartoon from the
102:
101:
1153:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1034:
1023:
1021:
1020:
996:
994:
993:
969:
967:
966:
942:
940:
939:
925:
923:
922:
903:
892:
890:
889:
873:
871:
870:
846:
844:
843:
819:
817:
816:
807:. Archived from
795:
793:
792:
783:. Archived from
771:
769:
768:
753:
751:
750:
726:
724:
723:
699:
697:
696:
667:
661:
655:
649:
643:
637:
631:
625:
614:
608:
602:
596:
590:
584:
578:
572:
566:
560:
554:
548:
531:
530:, p. 23-24.
525:
519:
513:
500:
494:
488:
482:
476:
470:
464:
458:
452:
446:
413:
407:
401:
395:
386:
380:
371:
365:
359:
353:
344:
338:
26:
19:
15:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1131:Grain companies
1076:
1075:
1074:
1066:
1064:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1018:
1016:
1014:
991:
989:
987:
964:
962:
960:
937:
935:
920:
918:
916:
887:
885:
868:
866:
864:
841:
839:
837:
814:
812:
790:
788:
766:
764:
748:
746:
744:
721:
719:
717:
694:
692:
675:
670:
662:
658:
650:
646:
638:
634:
626:
617:
609:
605:
597:
593:
585:
581:
573:
569:
561:
557:
551:Fairbairn 2014b
549:
534:
526:
522:
514:
503:
495:
491:
483:
479:
471:
467:
459:
455:
447:
416:
408:
404:
398:Marchildon 2011
396:
389:
381:
374:
366:
362:
354:
347:
339:
335:
331:
311:
254:
186:
132:
95:
88:
12:
11:
5:
1159:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1073:
1072:
1057:
1045:
1024:
1012:
997:
985:
970:
958:
943:
926:
914:
893:
874:
862:
847:
835:
820:
796:
772:
754:
742:
727:
715:
700:
676:
674:
671:
669:
668:
664:Fairbairn 2014
656:
654:, p. 607.
644:
632:
615:
603:
591:
579:
577:, p. 143.
567:
555:
532:
520:
518:, p. 211.
501:
499:, p. 153.
489:
477:
465:
453:
414:
412:, p. 266.
402:
400:, p. 311.
387:
372:
360:
358:, p. 334.
345:
332:
330:
327:
310:
307:
253:
250:
209:Rodmond Roblin
185:
182:
131:
128:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
40:
36:
35:
32:
28:
27:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1158:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1063:
1058:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1015:
1009:
1005:
1004:
998:
988:
982:
978:
977:
971:
961:
955:
951:
950:
944:
934:
933:
927:
917:
911:
907:
902:
901:
894:
884:
880:
875:
865:
859:
855:
854:
848:
838:
832:
828:
827:
821:
811:on 2017-10-16
810:
806:
802:
797:
787:on 2014-08-17
786:
782:
778:
773:
762:
761:
755:
745:
739:
735:
734:
728:
718:
712:
708:
707:
701:
691:on 2016-01-26
690:
686:
682:
678:
677:
665:
660:
653:
648:
641:
640:Knuttila 2014
636:
630:, p. 26.
629:
624:
622:
620:
613:, p. 27.
612:
607:
601:, p. 72.
600:
595:
588:
583:
576:
571:
565:, p. 29.
564:
563:Knuttila 1994
559:
552:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
529:
528:Knuttila 1994
524:
517:
512:
510:
508:
506:
498:
493:
487:, p. 24.
486:
485:Knuttila 1994
481:
475:, p. 62.
474:
469:
463:, p. 23.
462:
461:Knuttila 1994
457:
450:
445:
443:
441:
439:
437:
435:
433:
431:
429:
427:
425:
423:
421:
419:
411:
406:
399:
394:
392:
385:, p. 22.
384:
379:
377:
370:, p. 18.
369:
368:Knuttila 1994
364:
357:
352:
350:
343:, p. 28.
342:
337:
333:
326:
324:
320:
316:
306:
303:
295:
290:
286:
284:
280:
279:Lake Superior
276:
272:
267:
262:
258:
249:
247:
243:
239:
238:
229:
224:
220:
218:
217:Thomas Crerar
212:
210:
206:
201:
194:
193:Thomas Crerar
190:
181:
179:
173:
169:
167:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
140:
136:
127:
125:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
97:
91:
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
20:
1065:. Retrieved
1050:. Retrieved
1030:
1017:. Retrieved
1002:
990:. Retrieved
975:
963:. Retrieved
948:
936:. Retrieved
931:
919:. Retrieved
899:
886:. Retrieved
882:
867:. Retrieved
852:
840:. Retrieved
825:
813:. Retrieved
809:the original
804:
789:. Retrieved
785:the original
780:
765:. Retrieved
759:
747:. Retrieved
732:
720:. Retrieved
705:
693:. Retrieved
689:the original
684:
659:
652:Dodwell 1929
647:
635:
606:
599:Freeman 2011
594:
582:
570:
558:
523:
492:
480:
468:
456:
405:
363:
356:Friesen 1987
336:
318:
312:
299:
263:
259:
255:
241:
235:
233:
227:
213:
202:
198:
174:
170:
163:
144:
122:to form the
113:
105:
103:
83:Headquarters
31:Company type
497:Porter 2008
473:Lipset 1971
410:Lipset 1971
283:Port Arthur
184:Early years
94:Area served
1080:Categories
1067:2014-09-11
1052:2014-09-16
1019:2014-09-16
992:2014-09-14
965:2014-09-16
938:2014-09-13
921:2014-09-13
888:2014-09-11
869:2014-09-16
842:2014-09-12
815:2014-09-15
791:2014-09-12
767:2014-09-16
749:2014-09-12
722:2014-09-14
695:2014-08-16
628:Sharp 1997
611:Sharp 1997
383:Sharp 1997
341:Sharp 1997
329:References
130:Foundation
73:Successors
516:Dick 2008
252:Expansion
151:Sintaluta
126:in 1917.
55:Founders
39:Industry
673:Sources
296:in 1916
65:Defunct
47:Founded
1043:
1010:
983:
956:
912:
860:
833:
740:
713:
321:. The
309:Merger
87:Canada
277:, on
242:Guide
42:Grain
1041:ISBN
1008:ISBN
981:ISBN
954:ISBN
910:ISBN
858:ISBN
831:ISBN
738:ISBN
711:ISBN
104:The
68:1917
50:1906
273:at
1082::
1039:.
1037:22
908:.
906:14
881:.
803:.
779:.
683:.
618:^
535:^
504:^
417:^
390:^
375:^
348:^
1070:.
1055:.
1022:.
995:.
968:.
941:.
924:.
891:.
872:.
845:.
818:.
794:.
770:.
752:.
725:.
698:.
666:.
642:.
589:.
553:.
451:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
