686:, which he began creating almost as soon as he became mayor. By the 1940s it had grown into a 10-building complex that provided virtually free medical care to Jersey City residents. At the time of its completion, the Medical Center was one of the biggest medical facilities in the country and included the Medical Center Hospital, Pollak Chest Diseases Hospital, Murdoch Hall, and Margaret Hague Maternity Hospital, named in honor of Hague's mother. The buildings, funded in part through federal funds obtained by Hague, are known for their Art Deco details, including marble walls, terrazzo floors, etched glass, and decorative moldings. Even at the time the Medical Center was too large to operate cost-effectively. In 2005 the 14 acre complex (much of which had fallen into disuse) was sold to a private developer who began converting two towers into a luxury condominium complex called the
391:"Little Bob" Davis died of cancer shortly after the 1910 gubernatorial election leaving a vacuum in the power structure of the Hudson County Democrats. Wittpenn quickly endorsed the idea of converting Jersey City to a commission form of government, but was opposed by forces, including Hague, attempting to take control of the party. Hague campaigned heavily against the idea in the Horseshoe, claiming that such a system of citywide elected commissioners would erode the influence of the working-class and consolidate power among the city's elite. Wittpenn's opponents successfully petitioned for a change in the date of the vote on the charter change, moving it from September to mid-July, and the proposal was defeated. As a result of this campaign, Hague came under the scrutiny of
431:, was also elected. As a result of having garnered the most votes (21,419) former mayor Fagan became the first mayor under this new form of government, and the only Republican to hold that title in Jersey City for the following 75 years. Hague was named public safety commissioner, with control over the police and fire departments. In the same year, Hague cemented his control of the Hudson County political machine by securing for himself the leadership of the Hudson County Democratic Organization Executive Committee.
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593:, 119 N.J.L. 310), Brogan's court issued extraordinary rulings in favor of the Democratic machine, in one case asserting that the district superintendent of elections had no authority to open ballot boxes, and in another case ruling that the boxes could be opened, but no one had the right to look inside. Brogan also assigned himself to the Hudson County jurisdiction, thereby controlling the local grand jury process and squelching other election fraud cases.
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310:, which drew much of its strength by providing newly arrived immigrants with rudimentary social services. Hague took a job as a bill collector for a local brewery, leaving him with time to spend in the streets and the local taverns which were hubs of political activity. He also spent his time cleaning up the loose ends of the Second Ward's south-end Democratic Club to consolidate his power.
349:. In 1909 Davis, seeing support for Hague increasing, supported Wittpenn's re-election against former mayor Fagan. Hague's second ward produced the largest plurality of Wittpenn votes of any of Jersey City's 12 wards. Davis then arranged the appointment of Fagan to the Hudson County Tax Board. When Wittpenn's administration began facing troubles, including Fagan's discovery of a
229:. While training at a local gym for his own potential debut as a prizefighter, he arranged to become manager for Joe Craig, a professional lightweight boxer. Craig was successful enough to allow Hague to buy a few suits that made him appear successful. In 1896, Hague's apparent prosperity gained him the attention of local tavern owner "Nat" Kenny who was seeking a candidate for
654:, a former Hague ward leader alienated by the appointment of Eggers, put together his own commission ticket. Due to the presence of a "third ticket," Kenny's ticket was able to oust the Hague/Eggers ticket from power, ending Hague's 32-year rule. Kenny soon set up a machine which proved every bit as corrupt as Hague's, but far less efficient at providing services.
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made sure there were several thousand Hudson County voters looking on and cheering. Hague's support was rewarded with funding for a massive medical center complex complete with a maternity hospital named after his mother, Margaret Hague. During the 1936 campaign Hague provided 150,000 adults and children to cheer
Roosevelt during a visit.
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He was the last of the great machine bosses and the most absolute of them all. On a salary that never exceeded $ 8,500 a year during his eight terms as mayor of Jersey City, he came to reckon his personal fortune at more than $ 2,000,000, his homes at four (in Jersey City, on
Manhattan's Park Avenue,
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Hague was able to stay in power despite a nearly constant effort to turn him out of office from 1921 onward. He was also able to avoid prosecution despite numerous federal and state investigations in part because he took most of his kickbacks in cash. However, from the early 1940s onward, many of the
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from 1924 until 1949. During his 30 years as mayor, Hague established reforms and innovations that upgraded the city's infrastructure and services, including the construction of parks, schools, and public housing. He also worked to secure funding for public works projects and attracted new businesses
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Hague had little tolerance for those who dared oppose him publicly. He relied on two ordinances of dubious constitutionality to muzzle critics. A 1920 ordinance effectively required people making political speeches to obtain clearance from the chief of police. A 1930 ordinance gave the public safety
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In 1917, Hague, with his reputation as the man who cleaned up the police force, ran for reelection. He put together a commission ticket called "The
Unbossed." The ticket consisted of him, Parks Commissioner Moore, Revenue Commissioner George Brensinger, ex-judge Charles F.X. O'Brien and City Clerk
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During the height of his power Hague's political machine, known as "the organization", was one of the most powerful in the United States controlling politics on local, county, and state levels. Hague's personal influence extended to the national level, influencing federal patronage, and presidential
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nomination. When
Roosevelt won the nomination, Hague offered to organize the biggest political rally anyone had ever seen if Roosevelt would launch his presidential campaign in New Jersey. When Roosevelt formally began his campaign with an event at the Jersey Shore town of Sea Girt, Hague's machine
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Technically, Hague's only responsibility as mayor was to appoint the school board. Otherwise, he was merely first among equals, with no powers over and above the other four commissioners. However, soon after taking office, he wrested control of the Hudson County
Democratic Party from Wittpenn. This
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Hague reconciled with
Wittpenn to support his re-election in 1911. Wittpenn then supported Hague's nomination for Commissioner of Streets and Water. Both were elected. The new position greatly expanded Hague's patronage authority. While City Hall employed a few dozen custodians, there were hundreds
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Hague died on New Year's Day in 1956 at his 480 Park Avenue duplex apartment in
Manhattan, New York City. While hundreds gathered to see the casket depart Quinn's funeral home on Academy Street in Jersey City, only four men were seen to remove their hats for the passing of the coffin. One woman
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and aggressively campaigned for him. Edwards carried Hudson County by 50,000 votes, which was enough for him to win statewide by just under 15,000 votes. Hague proclaimed himself leader of the New Jersey
Democratic Party, and Edwards allowed him to recommend dozens of appointments to high state
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Upon discovering in early 1916 that millions of pounds of munitions were being stockpiled on the Jersey City waterfront, Hague travelled to
Washington, D.C. to register concerns for the safety of his constituents. His meetings with Congressmen resulted in no action, Congress having decided that
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In spite of the resulting press coverage of the event, Hague was more deeply embraced by his constituency. Thomas Smith wrote: "But to the residents of the
Horseshoe, Frank Hague had gone out of his way to help a friend – had practically given his livelihood to aid a brother." In the succeeding
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reported to the president that a Jersey City machine functionary was reading the mail of one of Hague’s political enemies. Emphasizing that he had hard evidence, Farley proposed prosecuting Hague for both mail tampering and tax evasion. Roosevelt vetoed the idea responding to Farley: “Forget
418:. This act would place all executive and legislative powers in a five-man commission, each of whom would head a city department. The five commissioners would choose one of their colleagues to be mayor. The vote for charter change passed, and the stage was set for Frank Hague's rise to power.
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Hague took steps to curb the police department's lackadaisical work ethic, punishing offenses that had gone unpunished for years. He also made much-needed improvements to the fire department; at the time he took office Jersey City's fire insurance rates were among the highest in the nation.
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in which Edge effectively ceded North Jersey to Hague in return for keeping South Jersey for himself. Also, as public safety commissioner (a post he held throughout his entire tenure), he controlled the two departments with the most patronage appointments in the city. This post also placed
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stages personally directing the shut down of "girlie shows." At the heart of this change was an inner cadre of officers known as the Zeppelin Squad or "zepps" who were personally loyal to Hague alone. The "zepps" would spy on, and report back to Hague about other members of the department.
705:"We hear about constitutional rights, free speech and the free press. Every time I hear those words I say to myself, 'That man is a Red, that man is a Communist.' You never heard a real American talk in that manner." – speech to the Jersey City Chamber of Commerce, January 12, 1938.
251:"Little Bob" Davis, and Davis asked Hague to help get out Democratic votes for the upcoming 1897 Mayoral election. Hague's efforts were credited with generating large voter turnout in the Second Ward for the 1897 and 1899 elections. As a reward for his work, Hague was appointed as a
279:, and convinced the bank manager to let him withdraw $ 500. Hague ignored a subpoena to testify in Hudson County Court and traveled to Massachusetts to provide an alibi for Dugan. Hague and another deputy sheriff, Thomas "Skidder" Madigan, claimed that they had seen Dugan in
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allowed him to significantly influence the makeup of the commission in this overwhelmingly Democratic city. He soon built the organization into one of the most powerful political machines in the country. Hague himself became very wealthy, owning a $ 125,000 summer home in
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for mayor in the 1907 election. Wittpenn was a reformer who opposed the control Davis held over Hudson County politics. Over the objections of Davis, newly elected Mayor Wittpenn appointed Hague as chief custodian of City Hall – a "cushy" job with plenty of
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In 1913, the first election for the city commission saw 91 men on the ballot competing for five available seats on the commission. Hague finished fourth with 17,390 votes and was elected to the five-man commission. The only Wittpenn-supported candidate,
581:, who had served as Hague's personal attorney in corruption hearings, to an associate Justice seat on the state's Supreme Court. Less than a year later Brogan was named as Chief Justice. In at least two instances of alleged voting fraud in the 1930s (
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Michael I. Fagan. It swept all five spots on the commission. Moore topped the poll, and traditional practice called for him to be appointed mayor. However, when the commission met for the first time on May 11, Hague was chosen as the new mayor.
635:, which streamlined state government and made it less vulnerable to control by locally based bosses like Hague. For example, county prosecutors were now directly accountable to the state attorney general. It also set up a new
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offices. Democrats won five out of eight gubernatorial races between 1919 and 1940, more often than not due to massive landslides in Hudson County. However, he was never able to extend his dominance to the state legislature.
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John V. Kenny, the former Mayor of Jersey City whose control of the Hudson County Democratic party crumbled after a flurry of Federal extortion charges in late 1970, died last evening of heart disease. He was 82 years
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commissioner—Hague himself—the power to turn down permits for meetings if he felt it necessary to prevent "riots, disturbances or disorderly assemblage." The latter ordinance was struck down as unconstitutional by the
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As a ward leader, Hague was approached by a woman to provide assistance for her son, who had been arrested for passing a forged check. The son, Red Dugan, had been a classmate of Hague's in school. According to the
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Seeking to curb the influence of Davis, Wittpenn announced his candidacy for Governor, stating "I have endured the machine as long as possible, but patience is no longer a virtue." Davis, in turn, prevailed upon
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in the upcoming primary to run against the candidate of a rival tavern owner. Kenny provided Hague with $ 75 to "spread around", and Frank Hague quickly won his first election by a ratio of three-to-one.
198:. His wealth has been estimated to have been over $ 10 million at the time of his death, although his City salary never exceeded $ 8,500 per year and he had no other legitimate source of income.
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city's longer-tenured ethnic groups started moving to the suburbs. They were replaced by Poles, Italians, Eastern Europeans and African-Americans. Hague never adapted his methods to the new groups.
395:, which had supported the proposed charter change. It was reported that Hague's older brother, a battalion chief on the city fire department, had been on "sick leave" for three years at full pay.
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Hague's use of voter fraud is the stuff of legend. In 1937, for instance, Jersey City had 160,050 registered voters, but only 147,000 people who were at least 21 years old—the legal voting age.
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In the spring of 1913, having gained confidence in his own ability to assure himself a place on the commission, Hague supported the renewed effort to change the Jersey City government from the
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John V. Kenny, the leader of Hudson County politics for more than 20 years, was buried here in Holy Name Cemetery today after a funeral mass sparsely attended by political figures.
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By age 14, Hague was expelled from school before completing the sixth grade for poor attendance and unacceptable behavior. He worked briefly as a blacksmith's apprentice for the
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As a reward for his efforts in turning out votes in the 1905 election, Bob Davis named Hague as the party leader for the Second Ward and arranged for Hague to be appointed as
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Hague broke ties with "Boss" Davis in 1906 over a difference of opinion on a candidate for appointment to the city Street and Water Board. As a result, Hague supported
708:"Listen, here is the law! I am the law! These boys go to work!" – speech on city government to the Emory Methodist Episcopal Church in Jersey City, November 10, 1937.
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was elected. Hague's second ward was one of only two that voted Democratic. Hague survived a Republican challenge for a third term as Constable the following year.
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and has been called "the grandaddy of Jersey bosses". By the time he left office in 1947, he enjoyed palatial homes, European vacations, and a private suite at the
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Frank Hague, former Democratic boss in New Jersey and Mayor of Jersey City for thirty two years, died at 5 p.m. yesterday in his apartment at 480 Park Avenue.
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bring federal indictments against Van Riper, but Van Riper was acquitted. Edge also initiated reforms in the civil service, freeing it from Hague's control.
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opportunities. During the Wittpenn administration, Hague also became friendly with Wittpenn's secretary – a Presbyterian Sunday school teacher named
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Hague soon extended his influence statewide by helping to elect his "puppets" as governor. In the 1919 gubernatorial election, Hague endorsed
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municipal election of 1905, which saw the return of incumbent Fagan to the office of mayor, Hague was elected to a fourth term as constable.
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Eventually, Jersey City had one patrolman for every 3,000 residents, causing a marked decline in the city's once-astronomical crime rate.
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Hague immediately set about reshaping the corrupt Jersey City police force with tough Horseshoe recruits. Hague spearheaded crackdowns on
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Francis "Frank" Hague, born in Jersey City, was the fourth of eight children to John D. and Margaret Hague (née Fagen), immigrants from
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496:, living in a large apartment in the best building in the city, and able to give a $ 50,000 altar to a local Catholic church. In 1941,
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The beginning of the end for Hague came in 1943, when former governor Walter Edge was returned to office. Edge's attorney general,
365:, to oppose Wittpenn's candidacy. Wilson's victory was overwhelming even in Hague's ward, despite heavy-handed tactics used there.
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643:. Driscoll also installed voting machines throughout the state, which made it harder for corrupt politicians to steal elections.
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to the city, which helped to boost its economy. Simultaneously Mayor Hague had a dark reputation for corruption, extortion and
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The New Deal's War on the Bill of Rights: The Untold Story of FDR's Concentration Camps, Censorship, and Mass Surveillance
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The New Deal's War on the Bill of Rights: The Untold Story of FDR's Concentration Camps, Censorship, and Mass Surveillance
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Seeing the writing on the wall, Hague abruptly announced his retirement in 1947. However, he was able to have his nephew,
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prosecution. You go tell Frank to knock it off. … But keep this quiet. We need Hague’s support and we want New Jersey.”
639:, which was given supervision over the state's judges. As the first Chief Justice, Driscoll appointed an old Hague foe,
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of workers in the Street and Water Department. Hague's work as head of the Department of Street Cleaners even convinced
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due to its shape which wrapped around a railroad loop. The ward was created when the Republican-controlled legislature
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650:, chosen as his successor. It was generally understood that Hague still held the real power. This ended in 1949 when
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wrote: "Cops on duty were using clubs and blackjacks to assist Mayor Wittpenn and Frank Hague defeat the Davis men."
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from 1917 to 1947, Democratic National Committeeman from New Jersey from 1922 until 1949, and Vice-Chairman of the
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1566:"Frank Hague Is Dead Here at 79. Long Boss of Jersey Democrats. Jersey City Mayor 32 Years Had National Influence"
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at a salary of $ 25 per week. Over this time, Hague took a leadership role in the Second Ward Democratic club.
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The Pragmatic Populism of a Non-Partisan Politician: An Analysis of the Political Philosophy of Charles Edison
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Wilson's reform-minded term as Governor saw the establishment of Presidential primary elections, introduced
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ranked Hague as the second-worst American big-city mayor to have served between the years 1820 and 1993.
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FDR, a close political ally, was an active protector of Hague. In 1938, for example, Postmaster General
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a district within Jersey City in 1871 to concentrate and isolate Democratic, and mostly Catholic, votes.
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A 1993 survey of historians, political scientists and urban experts conducted by Melvin G. Holli of the
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Democratic machine would ironically result in one of the greatest boosts to Hague's rise to power – the
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Jersey City was an "appropriate port." Hague's concerns were shown to be valid in July 1916 when the
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Treasury Dept, New Jersey; Joint Committee On Treasurer's Accounts, New Jersey. Legislature (1908),
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Hague's victory in the Constable election brought him to the attention of Hudson County Democratic
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Farley, James. Behind the Ballots: The Personal History of a Politician, Harcourt Brace, 1940.
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The Last Three Miles: Politics, Murder, and the Construction of America's First Superhighway
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for ignoring the subpoena. He was fined $ 100 and stripped of his duties as Deputy Sheriff.
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of October 4, 1904, Dugan had deposited a forged check for $ 955 in the Peoples Bank of
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Rainbow's End: Irish-Americans and the Dilemmas of Urban Machine Politics, 1840–1985
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of municipal government that was greatly reflective of his academic writings in
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1753:"'I Am the Law,' Mayor Hague Tells 1,000 In Speech on Jersey City Government",
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which dated to his initial election as mayor, when he cut a deal with Governor
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on the day of the alleged offense. Both were threatened with perjury charges.
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1303:"Jersey City's Mayor Hague: Last of the Bosses, Not First of the Dictators"
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Building at 2600 Hudson (now Kennedy) Boulevard, one of Hague's residences
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Alexander, Jack (October 26, 1940), "King Hanky-Panky of Jersey City",
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property that had paid no taxes for four years, Wittpenn blamed Davis.
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and a sign that read, "God have mercy on his sinful, greedy soul."
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1794:(First ed.). Oakland: Independent Institute. pp. 4–7.
1386:"Jersey City Past and Present | New Jersey City University"
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1436:(First ed.). Oakland: Independent Institute. p. 63.
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A Cycle of Power: The Career of Jersey City Mayor Frank Hague
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to endorse him as a "reform candidate" in the next election.
1023:, Trenton, NJ: State Gazette Publishing Company, p. 477
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In 1932, Hague, a friend of Al Smith, backed Smith against
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responsibility for maintaining public order in his hands.
1948:(1954). "Ch. 6: Frank Hague: 'The Boss' of Jersey City".
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on Miami's Biscayne Bay and on the Jersey coast at Deal).
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Upon returning to Jersey City, Hague was found guilty of
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Mackerels in the Moonlight: Four Corrupt American Mayors
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Burials at Holy Name Cemetery (Jersey City, New Jersey)
2023: (1939) Full text of the decision from FindLaw.com
1914:(originally published—Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1940).
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The Soprano State: New Jersey's Culture of Corruption
177:(January 17, 1876 – January 1, 1956) was an American
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He also had the support of a significant faction of
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1537:"Kenny Funeral Held With Few Politicians Attending"
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Annual Report, Treasurer of the State of New Jersey
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1508:"Ex-Mayor John V. Kenny Of Jersey City Dies at 82"
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1364:The Manufacture of Consent in Jersey City Machine
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577:In 1932, Governor Moore appointed a lawyer named
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670:Hague was interred in a large mausoleum at
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2405:American political bosses from New Jersey
2390:Political corruption in the United States
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1351:Before 1949: Thirty Years War on Hagueism
718:List of mayors of Jersey City, New Jersey
258:In the 1901 Mayoral election, Republican
2041:The Life and Times of Frank Hague (2001)
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743:, New York: St. Martin's Press, p.
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341:The resulting battle for control of the
2036:Frank Hague Page at Jersey City History
1903:, New York: Russell & Russell Pub,
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1706:, New York: Columbia University Press,
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1192:"Wittpenn Men Lose in Jersey City Vote"
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600:Hague tosses out the first ball at the
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1952:American Demagogues: Twentieth Century
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1901:The Boss: the Hague Machine in Action
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1612:"Model of urban future: Jersey City?"
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1283:The Early Career of Mayor Frank Hague
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61:May 15, 1917 – June 17, 1947
16:30th Mayor of Jersey City, New Jersey
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1733:, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan,
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317:for the New Jersey State Assembly.
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2395:Culture of Jersey City, New Jersey
1648:Renshaw, Jarrett (April 4, 2012).
1331:, Curtis Publishing, 1947, p. 596.
857:. January 16, 1956. Archived from
737:Ingle, Bob; Sandy McClure (2008),
541:Supreme Court of the United States
302:Hague rose through the Democratic
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2083:Mayors of Jersey City, New Jersey
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1985:Van Devander, Charles W. (1974),
1817:, Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press,
1459:, Dayton David McKean, pp. 64–65.
1167:, New York: W.W. Norton, p.
695:University of Illinois at Chicago
2375:American people of Irish descent
1704:The Columbia World of Quotations
1610:Hampson, Rick (April 16, 2007).
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1128:
1079:
1066:
1053:
1040:
1027:
1010:
997:
984:
971:
908:
895:
818:, July 11, 1932, archived from
421:
1837:University of California Press
1757:, p. 1, November 11, 1937
1680:. University Park: PSU Press.
1636:Jersey City – Past and Present
1309:. February 7, 1938. p. 45
882:
869:
826:
791:
778:
730:
682:Hague's pride and joy was the
297:
1:
1899:McKean, Dayton David (1967),
1780:
205:
187:Democratic National Committee
181:politician who served as the
2430:Nucky Johnson's Organization
2380:People from Deal, New Jersey
1265:'s Jersey City history page.
146:Jennie W. Warner (1874–1962)
7:
1638:. Carmela Karnoutsos. 2001.
1600:. Accessed August 15, 2007.
1419:September 27, 2006, at the
711:
414:under the recently adopted
10:
2446:
1263:New Jersey City University
1201:, p. 1, June 11, 1913
852:"When the Big Boy Goes..."
684:Jersey City Medical Center
2420:Catholics from New Jersey
2400:American political bosses
2089:
2043:A five-part radio program
1875:Leinwand, Gerald (2004),
1809:Connors, Richard (1971),
1770:The Saturday Evening Post
1674:Holli, Melvin G. (1999).
700:
677:
273:Boston Evening Transcript
168:
158:
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132:
118:
98:
93:
89:
77:
65:
54:
46:
42:
30:
23:
2425:American anti-communists
1993:, New York: Arno Press,
1831:Erie, Steven P. (1988),
1702:Andrews, Robert (1996),
1432:Beito, David T. (2023).
1403:How to Steal an Election
1161:Fleming, Thomas (1984),
723:
657:
612:Retirement from politics
558:during the race for the
385:Congressional Government
1883:McFarland & Company
1598:The Political Graveyard
163:Jersey City, New Jersey
112:Jersey City, New Jersey
1731:Wherever Green Is Worn
861:on December 14, 2008.
608:
479:
443:
277:Roxbury, Massachusetts
266:The "Red Dugan" affair
1853:Hart, Steven (2007),
1164:New Jersey: A History
812:"Congress Hotel Deal"
599:
556:Franklin D. Roosevelt
477:
452:narcotics trafficking
437:
376:workers' compensation
351:Pennsylvania Railroad
2410:New Jersey Democrats
641:Arthur T. Vanderbilt
604:' 1946 home opener,
363:Princeton University
361:, then President of
183:Mayor of Jersey City
49:Mayor of Jersey City
1946:Luthin, Reinhard H.
822:on October 27, 2010
637:state Supreme Court
502:Dayton David McKean
487:Boss of Jersey City
469:Black Tom explosion
440:Black Tom explosion
128:New York City, U.S.
1919:Smith, Thomas F.X.
1755:The New York Times
1677:The American Mayor
1594:Holy Name Cemetery
1570:The New York Times
1541:The New York Times
1512:The New York Times
1199:The New York Times
672:Holy Name Cemetery
648:Frank Hague Eggers
609:
602:Jersey City Giants
589:, 119 N.J.L. 215;
585:, 112 N.J.L. 471;
583:Ferguson v. Brogan
480:
444:
401:The Jersey Journal
393:The Jersey Journal
368:The Jersey Journal
321:Political reformer
84:Frank Hague Eggers
72:Mark Matthew Fagan
2342:
2341:
1881:, Jefferson, NC:
1572:. January 2, 1956
1487:Missing or empty
1349:Grundy, J. Owen.
1076:, pp. 44–45)
1063:, pp. 39–40)
1007:, pp. 38–39)
994:, pp. 77–78)
918:, pp. 34–35)
890:Van Devander 1974
879:, pp. 25–26)
606:Roosevelt Stadium
551:after 9 pm.
528:Edward I. Edwards
438:Aftermath of the
347:Walsh Act of 1911
288:contempt of court
172:
171:
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2003:
1992:
1981:
1956:. Beacon Press.
1955:
1941:
1927:, Secaucus, NJ:
1924:The Powerticians
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674:in Jersey City.
663:present held an
633:new constitution
618:Walter Van Riper
579:Thomas J. Brogan
412:commission model
327:H. Otto Wittpenn
315:Sergeant at Arms
238:Political career
179:Democratic Party
125:
109:January 17, 1876
108:
106:
94:Personal details
80:
68:
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1788:Beito, David T.
1783:
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1727:Coogan, Tim Pat
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1654:The Star-Ledger
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1474:, July 19, 1954
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1421:Wayback Machine
1413:, Autumn 2004.
1401:
1397:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1366:. Get NJ, 2003.
1362:Foster, David.
1361:
1357:
1353:. Get NJ, 2003.
1348:
1335:
1326:
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1285:. Get NJ, 2002.
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770:"Hague's End",
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629:Alfred Driscoll
614:
571:James A. Farley
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133:Political party
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122:January 1, 1956
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2009:
2008:External links
2006:
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2000:978-0405059032
1999:
1989:The Big Bosses
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1938:978-0818403286
1937:
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1910:978-0846208211
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835:
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1657:. Retrieved
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1511:
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1411:City Journal
1402:
1398:
1390:www.njcu.edu
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1313:November 25,
1311:. Retrieved
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1929:Lyle Stuart
1259:Frank Hague
517:Walter Edge
513:Republicans
410:model to a
298:Ward leader
281:Jersey City
202:campaigns.
196:Plaza Hotel
175:Frank Hague
67:Preceded by
25:Frank Hague
2349:Categories
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1962:B0007DN37C
1781:References
1576:August 21,
1238:Smith 1982
1149:Smith 1982
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560:Democratic
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456:Vaudeville
206:Early life
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105:1876-01-17
2314:Schundler
2259:Witkowski
2209:Cleveland
2184:Traphagen
2159:Cleveland
2149:Van Vorst
2129:Gilchrist
2109:Alexander
1616:USA Today
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1407:John Fund
1220:Hart 2007
1074:Hart 2007
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992:Hart 2007
799:Erie 1988
786:Erie 1988
498:Dartmouth
416:Walsh Act
332:patronage
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231:constable
159:Residence
57:In office
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2309:Rakowski
2284:T. Smith
2229:Wittpenn
2099:McMartin
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1621:June 27,
1480:citation
1417:Archived
712:See also
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151:Children
2274:Krieger
2264:Gangemi
2204:Collins
2199:Taussig
2189:Seidler
2179:O'Neill
2169:O'Neill
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2144:Gregory
2139:Wescott
2134:Manners
2114:Bentley
2104:Gregory
2094:Gregory
1978:1098334
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2154:Romar
2016:
1692:p.12.
1195:(PDF)
724:Notes
658:Death
547:or a
2219:Hoos
2018:U.S.
1995:ISBN
1974:OCLC
1966:LCCN
1958:ASIN
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1661:2015
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