2779:
1324:
1017:
2771:
53:
835:
1229:"File-sharing proponents commonly argue that file-sharing democratizes music consumption by 'levelling the playing field' for new/small artists relative to established/popular artists, by allowing artists to have their work heard by a wider audience, lessening the advantage held by established/popular artists in terms of promotional and other support. My results suggest that the opposite is happening, which is consistent with evidence on file-sharing behaviour."
2893:
1183:
compilations of existing songs, and new digital-only versions of catalog albums. SoundScan has also steadily increased the number of retailers (especially non-traditional retailers) in their sample over the years, better capturing the number of new releases brought to market. What
Oberholzer and Strumpf found was better ability to track new album releases, not greater incentive to create them."
2690:" May 2012. File sharing benefits mainstream albums such as pop music but not albums in niche genres such as indie music. ... Further, the finding that file sharing redistributes sales toward established/popular artists is inconsistent with claims made by proponents of file sharing that file-sharing democratizes music consumption."
887:"The File Sharing Act was launched by Chairman Towns in 2009, this act prohibited the use of applications that allowed individuals to share federal information amongst one another. On the other hand, only specific file sharing applications were made available to federal computers" (the United States.Congress.House). In 2009, the
2504:, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2010. "Artists receive a significant portion of their remuneration not in monetary form – many of them enjoy fame, admiration, social status, and free beer in bars – suggesting a reduction in monetary incentives might possibly have a reduced impact on the quantity and quality of artistic production."
2343:, copyhype.com, February 1, 2012. "The literature review looked at a 23rd study but did not classify it here since the author presented a mixed conclusion: the overall effect of unauthorized downloads is insignificant, but for unknown artists, there is a 'strongly negative' effect on recorded music sales."
1182:
disputed the underlying data, saying "SoundScan's number for new releases in any given year represents new commercial titles, not necessarily new creative works." The RIAA likewise responded that "new releases" and "new creative works" are two separate things. "his figure includes re-releases, new
1033:
services implement automated file transfers by updating files from a dedicated sharing directory on each user's networked devices. Files placed in this folder also are typically accessible through a website and mobile app and can be easily shared with other users for viewing or collaboration. Such
1240:
helps sales is deciding where to draw the line between legal and illegal ... Implicit in the study is the fact that both buyers and sellers are required in order for pre-release file sharing to have a positive impact on album sales. Without iTunes, Amazon, and Best Buy, file-sharers would be just
1194:
reached the opposite conclusion. "In total, 75% of P2P downloaders responded that if P2P were not available they would have purchased either through paid sites only (9%), CDs only (17%) or through CDs and pay sites (49%). Only 25% of people say they would not have bought the music if it were not
1166:
and
Koleman Strumpf in 2004 concluded that music file sharing's effect on sales was "statistically indistinguishable from zero". This research was disputed by other economists, most notably Stan Liebowitz, who said Oberholzer-Gee and Strumpf had made multiple assumptions about the music industry
1158:
on the effects of music file sharing. "Of these 22 studies, 14 – roughly two-thirds – conclude that unauthorized downloads have a 'negative or even highly negative impact' on recorded music sales. Three of the studies found no significant impact while the remaining five found a positive impact."
1216:
found that file-sharing decreased the chance of survival for low ranked albums on music charts and increased exposure to albums that were ranked high on the music charts, allowing popular and well-known artists to remain on the music charts more often. This hurt new and less-known artists while
1175:
as their source, the co-authors maintained that illegal downloading had not deterred people from being original. "In many creative industries, monetary incentives play a reduced role in motivating authors to remain creative. Data on the supply of new works are consistent with the argument that
870:
began filing lawsuits against users of P2P file sharing networks such as Kazaa. As a result of such lawsuits, many universities added file sharing regulations in their school administrative codes (though some students managed to circumvent them during after school hours). Also in 2003, the
736:
was released as an unstructured centralized peer-to-peer system, requiring a central server for indexing and peer discovery. It is generally credited as being the first peer-to-peer file sharing system. In
December 1999, Napster was sued by several recording companies and lost in
1716:
929:(formerly Kim Schmitz) was arrested with three associates in New Zealand on January 20, 2012 and is awaiting extradition. The case involving the downfall of the world's largest and most popular file sharing site was not well received, with hacker group
1212:
875:
started to take action against BitTorrent sites, leading to the shutdown of
Torrentse and Sharelive in July 2003. With the shutdown of eDonkey in 2005, eMule became the dominant client of the eDonkey network. In 2006, police raids took down the
1220:
A more recent study that examined pre-release file-sharing of music albums, using BitTorrent software, also discovered positive impacts for "established and popular artists but not newer and smaller artists." According to Robert G. Hammond of
1190:, was "unable to discover any direct relationship between P2P file-sharing and CD purchases in Canada". The results of this survey were similarly criticized by academics and a subsequent revaluation of the same data by George R. Barker of the
788:
network was distributed, though, unlike
Gnutella, it assigned more traffic to 'supernodes' to increase routing efficiency. The network was proprietary and encrypted, and the Kazaa team made substantial efforts to keep other clients such as
814:
Shortly after its loss in court, Napster was shut down to comply with a court order. This drove users to other P2P applications and file sharing continued its growth. The
Audiogalaxy Satellite client grew in popularity, and the
1127:
who follow the file-sharing issue, considered it acceptable "if a person owns the music CD and shares it with a limited number of friends and acquaintances"; with 18- to 29-year-olds, this percentage reached as much as 70%.
891:
ended in a guilty verdict for the primary founders of the tracker. The decision was appealed, leading to a second guilty verdict in
November 2010. In October 2010, Limewire was forced to shut down following a court order in
1195:
available on P2P for free." Barker thus concludes; "This clearly suggests P2P network availability is reducing music demand of 75% of music downloaders which is quite contrary to
Andersen and Frenz's much published claim."
1110:
has become a point of particular controversy in recent years. This has led some institutions to provide explicit guidance to students and faculty regarding academic integrity expectations relating to academic file sharing.
1241:
file sharers rather than purchasers. If you carry out the 'file-sharing should be legal' argument to its logical conclusion, today's retailers will be tomorrow's file-sharing services that integrate with their respective
1708:
1131:
In his survey of file-sharing culture, Caraway (2012) noted that 74.4% of participants believed musicians should accept file sharing as a means for promotion and distribution. This file-sharing culture was termed as
1423:
2581:
1743:
1253:
Many argue that file-sharing has forced the owners of entertainment content to make it more widely available legally through fees or advertising on-demand on the internet. In a 2011 report by
2703:
1861:
1462:
1225:, an album that leaked one month early would see a modest increase in sales. "This increase in sales is small relative to other factors that have been found to affect album sales."
2356:
2229:
765:, released in March, was the first decentralized file-sharing network. In the Gnutella network, all connecting software was considered equal, and therefore the network had no
1176:
file-sharing did not discourage authors and publishers. Since the advent of file sharing, the production of music, books, and movies has increased sharply." Glenn
Peoples of
2725:
2311:
2517:
2481:
1171:
reported that
Oberholzer-Gee and Strumpf had "changed their minds", now finding "no more than 20% of the recent decline in sales is due to sharing". However, citing
1892:
1098:
In addition to file sharing for the purposes of entertainment, academic file sharing has become a topic of increasing concern, as it is deemed to be a violation of
2437:
1638:
1415:
1050:
sharing platforms have appeared, adding even more services to their core business (cloud storage, multi-device synchronization, online collaboration), such as
2578:
1690:
1739:
1776:
1236:
cautioned that this research looked only at the pre-release period and not continuous file sharing following a release date. "The problem in believing
2748:
2153:
1202:, illegal usage increases game sales, stating "The overall conclusion is that for games, illegal online transactions induce more legal transactions."
2336:
2700:
2121:
2042:
1293:, the Supreme Court ruled that the creators of P2P networks can be held liable if their software is marketed as a tool for copyright infringement.
743:. In the case of Napster, it has been ruled that an online service provider could not use the "transitory network transmission" safe harbor in the
2632:
2561:
3879:
2280:
1799:
2660:
595:
827:
and legal battles in the Netherlands, Australia, and the United States. In 2002, a Tokyo district court ruling shut down File Rogue, and the
2019:
1853:
2683:
1154:, "A majority of economic studies have concluded that file-sharing hurts sales". A literature review by Professor Peter Tschmuck found 22
914:
adapted to support all the major file-sharing protocols, so users no longer had to install and configure multiple file-sharing programs.
2411:
1611:
2881:. Technical Report # UW-CSE-01-06-02. Department of Computer Science & Engineering. The University of Washington. Seattle, WA, USA.
1559:
2832:
2353:
2217:
2194:
1661:
933:
bringing down several sites associated with the take-down. In the following days, other file sharing sites began to cease services;
828:
562:
1586:
3469:
2744:
Secure Federal File Sharing Act : Report (to Accompany H.r. 4098) (Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office)
1389:
2722:
1337:
2303:
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2181:
2514:
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1964:
1493:
739:
1507:
894:
529:
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1884:
1289:
918:
807:
4291:
3174:
588:
524:
1634:
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1456:
1308:
grant the public a license for unlimited distribution of certain works, sometimes with conditions, and they advocate
1150:
3635:
3326:
3179:
1347:
945:
823:
protocol were released. Until its decline in 2004, Kazaa was the most popular file-sharing program despite bundled
744:
722:
567:
547:
367:
1446:
1237:
3931:
2612:
1222:
3865:
3406:
3189:
2821:
2605:
2390:
1662:"BELGIAN & SWISS AUTHORITIES BREAK RAZORBACK2: World's Largest P2P Facilitator Put Out of Illegal Business"
1191:
557:
552:
2701:
Business Matters: Pre-release File Sharing Helps Album Sales, Says a Study. So Why Not Replicate This Legally?
1072:
is a more traditional program released in 1996 which synchronizes files on a direct machine-to-machine basis.
3914:
3678:
3309:
2897:
1766:
1448:
Reliable distributed systems: technologies, Web services, and applications - Kenneth P. Birman - Google Books
1369:
1274:
581:
486:
279:
2658:
The Effect of Digital Sharing Technologies on Music Markets: A Survival Analysis of Albums on Ranking Charts
1944:
3462:
2848:
2742:
491:
17:
2878:
2806:
Free Ride: How the Internet Is Destroying the Culture Business and How the Culture Business Can Fight Back
2383:
Free Ride: How the Internet Is Destroying the Culture Business and How the Culture Business Can Fight Back
2333:
4162:
3812:
3611:
1379:
1357:
1284:
2559:
The Impact of Music Downloads and P2P File-Sharing on the Purchase of Music: A Study for Industry Canada
2109:
1119:
In 2004, there were an estimated 70 million people participating in online file sharing. According to a
4230:
4110:
3521:
3299:
3038:
2918:
2625:
2558:
1988:
1709:"Department of Justice site hacked after Megaupload shutdown, Anonymous claims credit. Washington Post"
2252:
4225:
3951:
3819:
2962:
2934:
981:
519:
77:
2657:
2656:
Bhattacharjee, Sudip., Gopal, Ram D., Lertwachara, Kaveepan. Marsden, James R. & Telang, Rahul.
1198:
According to the 2017 paper "Estimating displacement rates of copyrighted content in the EU" by the
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87:
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509:
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2404:
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925:(established 2005). The file sharing site has claimed to have over 50,000,000 people a day.
847:
820:
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514:
72:
36:
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67:
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From the early 2000s until the mid 2010s, online video streaming was usually based on the
8:
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2186:
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839:
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1922:
1919:
Detecting the work of essay mills and file swapping sites: some clues they leave behind
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can be shared under certain circumstances. For example, some artists, publishers, and
1016:
4265:
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4004:
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3599:
3431:
3225:
3194:
2852:
2456:
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1960:
1926:
1740:"Megaupload's Dotcom in Custody as New Zealand Awaits Extradition Request, Bloomberg"
1684:
1452:
1384:
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1039:
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1952:
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1137:
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are indexed on directory servers. P2P technology was used by popular services like
993:
888:
636:
443:
241:
2539:
1489:
4260:
4235:
4217:
4084:
4021:
3977:
3792:
3744:
3256:
3220:
2998:
2836:
2729:
2707:
2687:
2664:
2609:
2585:
2565:
2546:
2521:
2485:
2360:
2340:
1956:
1511:
1329:
1187:
1133:
1083:
1027:
989:
674:
632:
405:
284:
246:
183:
178:
3199:
1989:"Academic Integrity During COVID-19: Reflections From the University of Calgary"
952:
to discuss (and eventually make rules) on this subject, which is controversial.
52:
3759:
3705:
3618:
3568:
3563:
3271:
2993:
2253:"Together in electric dreams: cyber socialism, utopia and the creative commons"
881:
863:
709:
encoding, which was standardized in 1991 and substantially reduced the size of
655:
400:
218:
208:
1999:(1). Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration and Management: 80–85
1854:""Freedom to Share" Launches EU Citizens' Initiative to Legalize File-Sharing"
1827:"Filesonic, Fileserve pull file-sharing services following Megaupload arrests"
4280:
4140:
3919:
3829:
3771:
3764:
3594:
3478:
3421:
3401:
3396:
3364:
3334:
3266:
3251:
2276:
2268:
1297:
1280:
1124:
612:
433:
415:
203:
198:
188:
2903:
2871:
27:
Practice of distributing or providing access to digitally stored information
4026:
4014:
3989:
3807:
3797:
3589:
3543:
3053:
2816:
2603:
Evidence of the Effect of Free Music Downloads on the Purchase of Music CDs
2110:"Law professors examine ethical controversies of peer-to-peer file sharing"
1474:
1309:
1305:
1043:
985:
903:
851:
834:
644:
453:
410:
163:
3295:
1583:"Napster Clones Crush Napster. Take 6 out of the Top 10 Downloads on CNet"
1279:
File sharing raises copyright issues and has led to many lawsuits. In the
1186:
A 2006 study prepared by Birgitte Andersen and Marion Frenz, published by
4245:
4170:
4120:
3984:
3673:
3558:
3548:
3506:
3492:
3391:
3359:
3276:
3114:
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3043:
2452:
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898:
but the Gnutella network remains active through open source clients like
774:
754:
718:
702:
357:
120:
3857:
2020:"Arts & Sciences investigates Physics 192 academic integrity breach"
1637:[Bittorrent websites under pressure] (in German). heise online.
347:
4152:
4125:
4089:
3656:
3204:
3144:
3083:
3068:
3058:
2988:
2438:"How Reliable is the Oberholzer-Gee and Strumpf Paper on File-Sharing?"
1534:
1262:
1087:
1059:
1005:
926:
922:
877:
859:
678:
651:
616:
352:
274:
236:
1945:"Peer-to-Peer File Sharing and Academic Integrity in the Internet Age"
773:
was released and became the first anonymity network. In September the
761:
were released in 2000, as MP3.com and Napster were facing litigation.
4200:
4147:
4043:
4031:
3749:
3630:
3553:
3501:
3496:
3028:
3003:
1301:
1051:
964:. After more and more vulnerabilities in Adobe's flash became known,
948:"Freedom to Share" started collecting signatures in order to get the
938:
934:
899:
785:
640:
342:
294:
256:
130:
115:
2602:
1508:"EFF: What Peer-to-Peer Developers Need to Know about Copyright Law"
658:, as well as the sharing of scientific data and other free content.
4009:
3999:
3994:
3904:
3584:
3538:
3230:
3129:
3023:
3013:
2972:
2967:
2405:"The Effect of File Sharing on Record Sales: An Empirical Analysis"
2148:
1416:"From Walkman to iPod: What Music Tech Teaches Us About Innovation"
1296:
On the other hand, not all file sharing is illegal. Content in the
1254:
1120:
1063:
1055:
1021:
1001:
911:
907:
816:
802:
762:
750:
362:
327:
309:
299:
289:
158:
125:
4130:
4115:
4036:
3447:
3344:
3339:
3303:
3281:
3139:
3098:
3078:
1258:
997:
965:
855:
824:
770:
758:
733:
714:
458:
372:
251:
173:
135:
2859:, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 3485, September 2005
2732:
Sandvine Global Internet Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. May 12, 2011
2626:"Estimating displacement rates of copyrighted content in the EU"
2218:"Regulating File Sharing: Open Regulations for an Open Internet"
3967:
3787:
3246:
3119:
3018:
2892:
2365:
1800:"FileSonic disables file sharing in wake of MegaUpload arrests"
1217:
promoting the work of already popular artists and celebrities.
1046:. With the rising need of sharing big files online easily, new
831:(RIAA) filed a lawsuit that effectively shut down Audiogalaxy.
686:
620:
332:
92:
82:
801:
filed a lawsuit against the developers of Kazaa, Morpheus and
3416:
3411:
3149:
3124:
3093:
3088:
3008:
1394:
1103:
1069:
781:
382:
337:
193:
153:
2681:
Profit Leak? Pre-Release File Sharing and the Music Industry
1102:
at many schools. Academic file sharing by companies such as
1078:
in general can use other approaches to share files, such as
906:. Furthermore, multi-protocol file-sharing software such as
3048:
2579:
A New Look at an Old Survey Finds P2P Hurts Music Purchases
872:
867:
798:
794:
377:
213:
168:
97:
2877:
Stefan Saroiu, P. Krishna Gummadi, and Steven D. Gribble.
2864:
A survey of peer-to-peer content distribution technologies
2862:
Stephanos Androutsellis-Theotokis and Diomidis Spinellis.
3033:
2479:
Researchers Change Tune, Now Say P2P Has Negative Impact
1942:
706:
304:
2879:
A Measurement Study of Peer-to-Peer File Sharing Systems
2772:"Bilal Is the Future (And the Present ... And the Past)"
2304:"Dispute Over the Economics of File Sharing Intensifies"
968:
switched to HTML5 based video playback in January 2015.
2866:. ACM Computing Surveys, 36(4):335–371, December 2004.
2515:
Analysis: Are Musicians Losing the Incentive to Create?
2500:
Oberholzer & Strumpf. "File Sharing and Copyright"
611:
is the practice of distributing or providing access to
2354:
Wissenschaftler: Studien über Tauschbörsen unbrauchbar
2222:
Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology
1659:
2402:
713:, grew to widespread use in the late 1990s. In 1998,
701:(1997) enabled users to communicate remotely through
1319:
955:
1993:
International Studies in Educational Administration
1851:
1034:services have become popular via consumer-oriented
1020:Screenshot of an open-source file-sharing software
793:off of the FastTrack network. In October 2001, the
677:. Computers were able to access remote files using
1490:"RIAA Sues Music Startup Napster for $ 20 Billion"
747:if they had control of the network with a server.
1114:
1011:
4278:
1943:Rogerson, A.M.; Basanta, G. (February 5, 2016).
1885:"YouTube drops Flash for HTML5 video as default"
1702:
1700:
1689:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1556:"RIAA and MPAA sue Morpheus, Grokster and KaZaa"
1363:, an unreleased but infamously pirated album by
1283:, some of these lawsuits have even reached the
1004:. The most popular protocol for P2P sharing is
2817:Advanced Peer-Based Technology Business Models
2723:Global Internet Phenomena Report - Spring 2011
1916:
1671:. Archived from the original on April 15, 2006
3873:
3463:
2933:
2919:
2538:Friedlander, Joshua P. & Lamy, Jonathan.
2445:Intellectual Property: Copyright Law eJournal
2065:"Information for Faculty: Note-sharing sites"
1697:
937:blocked public downloads on January 22, with
589:
2040:
1300:can be freely shared. Even works covered by
976:
1986:
1764:
1167:"that are just not correct." In June 2010,
3880:
3866:
3470:
3456:
2926:
2912:
2022:. Washington University Student Media, Inc
2017:
1767:"Dotcom in custody ahead of bail decision"
1136:, whose legalisation was not the expected
805:that would lead to the US Supreme Court's
596:
582:
3887:
2842:Harvard Business School Working Knowledge
2436:Liebowitz, Stan J. (September 23, 2007).
2435:
2377:
2375:
2295:
1882:
1852:Ernesto Van der Sar (December 17, 2020).
1737:
880:eDonkey server and temporarily took down
829:Recording Industry Association of America
777:client and server software was released.
563:Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients
2502:NBER Innovation Policy & the Economy
1632:
1390:Trade group efforts against file sharing
1312:and file sharing as a promotional tool.
1093:
1015:
833:
619:(audio, images and video), documents or
2830:Music Downloads: Pirates- or Customers?
2769:
2751:from the original on September 20, 2018
2174:
2107:
1426:from the original on September 21, 2022
1338:Comparison of file sharing applications
14:
4279:
3325:
2372:
2334:More Evidence for Copyright Protection
2244:
2182:International Journal of Communication
2156:from the original on November 30, 2011
1864:from the original on February 18, 2021
1706:
1465:from the original on September 5, 2017
740:A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc.
725:was unanimously passed, and the first
643:documents, and the use of distributed
3861:
3451:
2907:
2849:Peer-to-Peer Systems and Applications
2638:from the original on January 20, 2018
2540:Illegal Downloading = Fewer Musicians
2429:
2301:
2283:from the original on January 17, 2023
2250:
2232:from the original on January 17, 2023
2215:
2079:
2057:
2011:
1980:
1951:. Springer Nature. pp. 273–285.
1938:
1936:
1912:
1910:
1746:from the original on January 27, 2012
1719:from the original on January 23, 2012
1641:from the original on October 16, 2019
1580:
1553:
1532:
1487:
1444:
1413:
1148:According to David Glenn, writing in
850:services were established, including
2847:Ralf Steinmetz, Klaus Wehrle (Eds).
2568:, Birgitte Andersen and Marion Frenz
2403:Oberholzer, Felix; Koleman Strumpf.
2257:International Journal of Private Law
2034:
1883:McCormick, Rich (January 27, 2015).
1599:
1589:from the original on March 28, 2012.
1261:traffic had come to surpass that of
895:Arista Records LLC v. Lime Group LLC
846:From 2002 through 2003, a number of
2314:from the original on April 15, 2021
1779:from the original on March 13, 2018
1738:Schneider, Joe (January 24, 2012).
1707:Mufson, Steven (January 20, 2012).
1488:Menta, Richard (December 9, 1999).
1268:
1205:
919:United States Department of Justice
808:MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.
650:File sharing technologies, such as
24:
3477:
2798:
2782:from the original on July 20, 2020
2417:from the original on June 13, 2008
2251:Filby, Michael (January 1, 2008).
2197:from the original on March 4, 2016
2124:from the original on June 25, 2008
1933:
1907:
1895:from the original on April 2, 2019
1824:
1635:"Bittorrent-Webseiten unter Druck"
1614:from the original on March 8, 2021
1562:from the original on July 31, 2020
1554:Menta, Richard (October 3, 2001).
1496:from the original on June 1, 2013.
1143:
25:
4303:
2885:
2770:Larrier, Travis (March 4, 2013).
2747:. United States. March 11, 2010.
2308:The Chronicle of Higher Education
2144:"Poll: Young Say File Sharing OK"
2089:. Sheridan College. July 30, 2023
1797:
1633:Röttgers, Janko (July 26, 2003).
1600:Dean, Katie (September 8, 2003).
1151:The Chronicle of Higher Education
956:Techniques used for video sharing
2891:
2177:"Survey of File-Sharing Culture"
2043:"Learning Tool or Cheating Aid?"
1765:Leask, Anna (January 23, 2012).
1581:Menta, Richard (July 20, 2001).
1533:Woody, Todd (February 1, 2003).
1322:
988:(P2P) application architecture.
921:shut down the popular domain of
723:Digital Millennium Copyright Act
568:Comparison of Usenet newsreaders
548:Comparison of BitTorrent clients
476:Development and societal aspects
51:
2763:
2735:
2716:
2693:
2673:
2650:
2618:
2613:Social Science Research Network
2595:
2571:
2552:
2532:
2507:
2494:
2471:
2396:
2385:, Bodley Head, February 2011,
2346:
2326:
2209:
2168:
2136:
2108:Delgado, Ray (March 17, 2004).
2101:
1876:
1845:
1818:
1791:
1758:
1731:
1653:
1248:
1223:North Carolina State University
666:For a chronological guide, see
3636:Hidden file / Hidden directory
3407:BitTorrent protocol encryption
2822:MIT Sloan School of Management
2302:Glenn, David (July 17, 2008).
2175:Caraway, Brett Robert (2012).
1949:Handbook of Academic Integrity
1626:
1593:
1574:
1547:
1526:
1500:
1481:
1438:
1407:
1192:Australian National University
1115:Public opinion of file sharing
1012:File sync and sharing services
941:following suit on January 23.
673:Files were first exchanged on
558:Comparison of eDonkey software
553:Comparison of BitTorrent sites
13:
1:
3679:Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
2808:, Bodley Head, February 2011.
2041:McKenzie, L. (May 13, 2018).
2018:Butler, J. (April 15, 2020).
1987:Eaton, S.E. (July 12, 2020).
1602:"RIAA Legal Landslide Begins"
1445:Elser, Amy (March 25, 2005).
1400:
1370:Missionary Church of Kopimism
1275:Legal aspects of file sharing
946:European Citizens' Initiative
615:, such as computer programs,
1957:10.1007/978-981-287-098-8_55
1660:Motion Picture Association.
1510:. W2.eff.org. Archived from
1414:Adner, Ron (March 5, 2012).
7:
4163:Software release life cycle
3813:Comparison of file managers
3612:List of filename extensions
2564:September 14, 2008, at the
1380:Publius (publishing system)
1315:
705:and to exchange files. The
10:
4308:
4231:Software protection dongle
4111:Unwanted software bundling
2663:February 14, 2012, at the
1669:Motion Picture Association
1272:
992:on the computers of other
665:
661:
4292:Intellectual property law
4226:Digital rights management
4216:
4161:
4103:
4052:
3960:
3895:
3820:File system fragmentation
3780:
3737:
3704:
3644:
3577:
3485:
3377:
3318:
3239:
3213:
3162:
3107:
2981:
2955:
2941:
2935:Peer-to-peer file sharing
2728:January 13, 2012, at the
2608:February 5, 2012, at the
2584:February 6, 2012, at the
2545:January 21, 2012, at the
2520:November 3, 2010, at the
2484:December 9, 2010, at the
2339:February 5, 2012, at the
982:Peer-to-peer file sharing
977:Peer-to-peer file sharing
917:On January 19, 2012, the
866:. In September 2003, the
838:Demonstrators protesting
654:, are integral to modern
635:, centralized servers on
4104:Deceptive and/or illicit
3624:Extended file attributes
3532:Proprietary file formats
3437:Micro Transport Protocol
2549:ifpi.org, July 19, 2010.
2369:magazine, June 11, 2010.
2269:10.1504/IJPL.2008.019435
2191:Creative Commons license
2087:"Copyright for Students"
1535:"The Race to Kill Kazaa"
1080:distributed file systems
1031:file syncing and sharing
971:
767:central point of failure
668:Timeline of file sharing
4256:Software license server
3825:File-system permissions
3175:Advanced Direct Connect
2872:10.1145/1041680.1041681
2216:Filby, Michael (2011).
1917:Rogerson, A.M. (2014).
1348:File sharing news sites
1210:A paper in the journal
729:devices were launched.
631:and dispersion include
3932:Freely redistributable
3387:Distributed hash table
3262:Game and video sharing
2835:June 30, 2006, at the
1772:The New Zealand Herald
1243:cloud storage services
1231:
1162:A study by economists
1024:
843:
721:were established, the
683:bulletin board systems
428:Anonymous file sharing
4095:Software as a service
3889:Software distribution
2812:Ghosemajumder, Shuman
2706:May 25, 2012, at the
2686:May 23, 2012, at the
2447:. ResearchGate GmbH.
2359:June 3, 2013, at the
2352:AJ Sokolov, Daniel .
2152:. February 11, 2009.
1227:
1123:poll in 2009, 58% of
1094:Academic file sharing
1036:file hosting services
1019:
837:
269:File sharing networks
110:Video on demand sites
73:Online video platform
68:File hosting services
4186:Software maintenance
4060:Digital distribution
3915:Free and open-source
3840:File synchronization
3689:Semantic file system
3512:List of file formats
2900:at Wikimedia Commons
2827:Silverthorne, Sean.
2679:Hammond. Robert G. "
2453:10.2139/ssrn.1014399
2310:. Washington, D. C.
1921:. Semantic Scholar.
1833:. Condé Nast Britain
1343:File hosting service
1164:Felix Oberholzer-Gee
1076:Data synchronization
623:. Common methods of
504:By country or region
4191:Software maintainer
3973:Commercial software
3961:Compensation models
3669:Directory structure
2615:. January 23, 2012.
2592:. February 2, 2012.
2187:USC Annenberg Press
2118:Stanford University
1514:on January 15, 2012
1200:European Commission
1156:independent studies
950:European Commission
840:The Pirate Bay raid
695:Internet Relay Chat
4251:Software copyright
4241:Product activation
4196:Software publisher
3910:Floating licensing
3607:Filename extension
3427:BitTorrent tracker
2668:Management Science
2601:Barker, George R.
2459:on August 27, 2010
2067:. Sheridan College
2045:. Inside Higher Ed
1713:Washingtonpost.com
1353:Graduated response
1287:. For example, in
1213:Management Science
1100:academic integrity
1025:
962:Adobe Flash Player
844:
811:decision in 2005.
784:was released. Its
693:servers (1970's).
395:Streaming programs
231:Academic/scholarly
4274:
4273:
4266:Torrent poisoning
4181:Long-term support
4005:Pay what you want
3855:
3854:
3847:File verification
3600:Filename mangling
3527:Open file formats
3445:
3444:
3432:UDP hole punching
3373:
3372:
3158:
3157:
2896:Media related to
2776:The Shadow League
1966:978-981-287-098-8
1742:. Bloomberg.com.
1385:Torrent poisoning
1173:Nielsen SoundScan
639:, Internet-based
637:computer networks
606:
605:
492:BitTorrent issues
16:(Redirected from
4299:
4080:Product bundling
4053:Delivery methods
3952:Source-available
3882:
3875:
3868:
3859:
3858:
3803:Data compression
3684:Grid file system
3662:Temporary folder
3652:Directory/folder
3472:
3465:
3458:
3449:
3448:
3355:Open music model
3350:Friend-to-friend
3323:
3322:
3287:Sharing software
2953:
2952:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2905:
2904:
2895:
2804:Levine, Robert.
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2739:
2733:
2720:
2714:
2699:Peoples, Glenn.
2697:
2691:
2677:
2671:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2637:
2630:
2622:
2616:
2599:
2593:
2577:Peoples, Glenn.
2575:
2569:
2556:
2550:
2536:
2530:
2529:. July 26, 2010.
2513:Peoples, Glenn.
2511:
2505:
2498:
2492:
2491:. June 22, 2010.
2477:Peoples, Glenn.
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2455:. Archived from
2442:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2416:
2409:
2400:
2394:
2381:Levine, Robert.
2379:
2370:
2350:
2344:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1914:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1704:
1695:
1694:
1688:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1666:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1585:. MP3 Newswire.
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1558:. MP3 Newswire.
1551:
1545:
1544:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1492:. MP3 Newswire.
1485:
1479:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1411:
1375:Open Music Model
1332:
1327:
1326:
1269:Copyright issues
1206:Market dominance
984:is based on the
889:Pirate Bay trial
621:electronic books
598:
591:
584:
444:Friend-to-friend
242:Internet Archive
148:BitTorrent sites
55:
32:
31:
21:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4261:Software patent
4236:License manager
4218:Copy protection
4212:
4157:
4099:
4085:Retail software
4048:
4022:Open-core model
3978:Retail software
3956:
3891:
3886:
3856:
3851:
3793:File comparison
3776:
3745:File descriptor
3733:
3700:
3640:
3573:
3517:File signatures
3481:
3476:
3446:
3441:
3379:
3369:
3314:
3235:
3209:
3164:
3154:
3103:
2977:
2946:
2937:
2932:
2888:
2837:Wayback Machine
2801:
2799:Further reading
2796:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2730:Wayback Machine
2721:
2717:
2713:. May 22, 2012.
2708:Wayback Machine
2698:
2694:
2688:Wayback Machine
2678:
2674:
2665:Wayback Machine
2655:
2651:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2610:Wayback Machine
2600:
2596:
2586:Wayback Machine
2576:
2572:
2566:Wayback Machine
2557:
2553:
2547:Wayback Machine
2537:
2533:
2522:Wayback Machine
2512:
2508:
2499:
2495:
2486:Wayback Machine
2476:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2440:
2434:
2430:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2401:
2397:
2380:
2373:
2361:Wayback Machine
2351:
2347:
2341:Wayback Machine
2331:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2263:(1–2): 94–109.
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2114:Stanford Report
2106:
2102:
2092:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2016:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1941:
1934:
1915:
1908:
1898:
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1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1798:Musil, Steven.
1796:
1792:
1782:
1780:
1763:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1705:
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1505:
1501:
1486:
1482:
1468:
1466:
1459:
1443:
1439:
1429:
1427:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1330:Internet portal
1328:
1321:
1318:
1290:MGM v. Grokster
1277:
1271:
1251:
1208:
1188:Industry Canada
1146:
1144:Economic impact
1134:cyber socialism
1117:
1096:
1084:version control
1014:
979:
974:
958:
780:In March 2001,
675:removable media
671:
664:
633:removable media
602:
573:
572:
543:
535:
534:
505:
497:
496:
477:
469:
468:
429:
421:
420:
396:
388:
387:
323:
315:
314:
270:
262:
261:
247:Library Genesis
232:
224:
223:
184:KickassTorrents
179:FitGirl Repacks
149:
141:
140:
111:
103:
102:
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3619:File attribute
3616:
3615:
3614:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3569:Zero-byte file
3566:
3564:Temporary file
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3504:
3499:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3479:Computer files
3475:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3452:
3443:
3442:
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3419:
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3197:
3192:
3187:
3185:Direct Connect
3182:
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3159:
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3001:
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2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2963:Direct Connect
2959:
2957:
2950:
2939:
2938:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2887:
2886:External links
2884:
2883:
2882:
2875:
2860:
2845:
2825:
2809:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2762:
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2325:
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2167:
2135:
2100:
2078:
2056:
2033:
2010:
1979:
1965:
1932:
1906:
1875:
1844:
1825:Lanxon, Nate.
1817:
1790:
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1696:
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1273:Main article:
1270:
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978:
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882:The Pirate Bay
864:The Pirate Bay
732:In June 1999,
663:
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4075:Pre-installed
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3947:Public domain
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3830:File transfer
3828:
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3814:
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3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
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3772:Symbolic link
3770:
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3596:
3595:Long filename
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3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3422:Super-seeding
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3402:Peer exchange
3400:
3398:
3397:NAT traversal
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3376:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
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3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3335:Anonymous P2P
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3310:Legal aspects
3308:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3272:Music sharing
3270:
3268:
3267:Image sharing
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3252:Broadcatching
3250:
3248:
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3007:
3005:
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2987:
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2984:
2982:Decentralized
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2857:3-540-29192-X
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2332:Hart, Terry.
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2014:
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1361:(Bilal album)
1360:
1359:Love for Sale
1356:
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1306:record labels
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1299:
1298:public domain
1294:
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1285:Supreme Court
1282:
1281:United States
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669:
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638:
634:
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626:
622:
618:
614:
613:digital media
610:
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455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
434:Anonymous P2P
432:
431:
425:
424:
417:
416:Torrents-Time
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
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384:
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228:
227:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
204:Tamil Rockers
202:
200:
199:Rutracker.org
197:
195:
192:
190:
189:Nyaa Torrents
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
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157:
155:
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38:
34:
33:
30:
19:
4287:File sharing
4136:Trojan horse
4065:File sharing
4064:
4027:Postcardware
4015:Donationware
3990:Crowdfunding
3937:License-free
3835:File sharing
3834:
3808:File manager
3798:File copying
3645:Organisation
3590:8.3 filename
3544:Sidecar file
3522:Magic number
3380:technologies
3257:Disk sharing
3064:Perfect Dark
2898:File sharing
2828:
2815:
2805:
2784:. Retrieved
2775:
2765:
2755:February 15,
2753:. Retrieved
2743:
2737:
2718:
2710:
2695:
2675:
2667:
2652:
2640:. Retrieved
2620:
2597:
2589:
2573:
2554:
2534:
2524:
2509:
2501:
2496:
2488:
2473:
2463:December 13,
2461:. Retrieved
2457:the original
2444:
2431:
2419:. Retrieved
2398:
2382:
2364:
2348:
2328:
2316:. Retrieved
2307:
2297:
2287:December 28,
2285:. Retrieved
2260:
2256:
2246:
2236:December 28,
2234:. Retrieved
2225:
2221:
2211:
2201:November 25,
2199:. Retrieved
2193:(by-nc-nd).
2180:
2170:
2158:. Retrieved
2147:
2138:
2126:. Retrieved
2113:
2103:
2093:December 13,
2091:. Retrieved
2081:
2071:December 13,
2069:. Retrieved
2059:
2049:December 13,
2047:. Retrieved
2036:
2026:December 13,
2024:. Retrieved
2013:
2003:December 13,
2001:. Retrieved
1996:
1992:
1982:
1972:December 13,
1970:. Retrieved
1948:
1918:
1897:. Retrieved
1888:
1878:
1868:February 22,
1866:. Retrieved
1858:TorrentFreak
1857:
1847:
1835:. Retrieved
1830:
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
1803:
1793:
1781:. Retrieved
1770:
1760:
1748:. Retrieved
1733:
1721:. Retrieved
1712:
1673:. Retrieved
1668:
1655:
1643:. Retrieved
1628:
1616:. Retrieved
1605:
1595:
1576:
1564:. Retrieved
1549:
1538:
1528:
1516:. Retrieved
1512:the original
1502:
1483:
1475:Google Books
1473:– via
1467:. Retrieved
1451:. Springer.
1447:
1440:
1428:. Retrieved
1420:The Atlantic
1419:
1409:
1358:
1310:free content
1295:
1288:
1278:
1257:showed that
1252:
1249:Availability
1233:
1232:
1228:
1219:
1211:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1177:
1168:
1161:
1149:
1147:
1138:cyber-utopia
1130:
1118:
1097:
1074:
1068:
1044:Google Drive
1026:
990:Shared files
986:peer-to-peer
980:
959:
943:
916:
904:gtk-gnutella
893:
886:
852:Suprnova.org
845:
813:
806:
779:
749:
738:
731:
689:(1979), and
672:
656:media piracy
649:
647:networking.
645:peer-to-peer
629:transmission
609:File sharing
608:
607:
454:Proxy server
411:Popcorn Time
368:Transmission
164:ExtraTorrent
78:Peer to peer
62:Technologies
45:File sharing
44:
29:
18:File-sharing
4246:Product key
4176:End-of-life
4171:Abandonware
4121:Infostealer
4070:On-premises
3985:Crippleware
3942:Proprietary
3925:Open source
3674:File system
3559:System file
3549:Sparse file
3507:File format
3493:Binary file
3392:Merkle tree
3360:Private P2P
3292:Web hosting
3277:Peercasting
3163:Comparisons
3115:Audiogalaxy
2956:Centralized
2642:February 3,
2318:November 5,
2160:January 20,
2128:January 20,
1899:February 5,
1750:January 30,
1723:January 30,
1645:October 16,
1618:November 1,
1566:October 16,
1518:January 20,
1469:January 20,
1430:October 12,
1108:Course Hero
1048:open access
1028:Cloud-based
819:client and
775:eDonkey2000
769:. In July,
755:eDonkey2000
719:Audiogalaxy
711:audio files
697:(1988) and
641:hyperlinked
542:Comparisons
449:Private P2P
358:qBittorrent
322:P2P clients
121:Dailymotion
88:Web hosting
4281:Categories
4153:Shovelware
4126:Ransomware
4090:Sneakernet
3781:Management
3706:Operations
3657:NTFS links
3578:Properties
3214:Hyperlinks
3205:WebTorrent
3180:BitTorrent
3084:WebTorrent
3069:Retroshare
3059:OnionShare
2989:BitTorrent
2391:1847921485
1837:January 5,
1810:January 5,
1675:January 5,
1401:References
1263:BitTorrent
1060:WeTransfer
1006:BitTorrent
944:In 2021 a
927:Kim Dotcom
923:Megaupload
878:Razorback2
860:TorrentSpy
848:BitTorrent
821:BitTorrent
727:mp3 player
681:mounting,
679:filesystem
652:BitTorrent
617:multimedia
353:OnionShare
275:BitTorrent
237:ICanHazPDF
4201:Vaporware
4148:Scareware
4044:Trialware
4032:Shareware
3750:Hard link
3631:File size
3554:Swap file
3502:Data file
3497:text file
3282:Seedboxes
3200:Gnutella2
3029:Gnutella2
3004:FastTrack
2948:protocols
2711:Billboard
2590:Billboard
2526:Billboard
2489:Billboard
2277:1753-6235
1927:106581372
1889:The Verge
1783:March 13,
1302:copyright
1234:Billboard
1179:Billboard
1169:Billboard
1125:Americans
1052:ShareFile
939:Fileserve
935:FileSonic
931:Anonymous
900:FrostWire
786:FastTrack
520:Singapore
343:Filetopia
295:Gnutella2
257:Z-Library
131:Putlocker
116:123Movies
4010:Careware
4000:Freeware
3995:Freemium
3905:Beerware
3897:Licenses
3755:Shortcut
3585:Filename
3539:Metafile
3378:Internal
3319:Concepts
3296:Freesite
3231:Metalink
3195:Gnutella
3135:Morpheus
3130:LimeWire
3108:Historic
3024:Gnutella
3014:Hyphanet
2973:Soulseek
2968:Soribada
2943:Networks
2833:Archived
2786:July 20,
2780:Archived
2749:Archived
2726:Archived
2704:Archived
2684:Archived
2661:Archived
2633:Archived
2606:Archived
2582:Archived
2562:Archived
2543:Archived
2518:Archived
2482:Archived
2421:June 13,
2412:Archived
2357:Archived
2337:Archived
2312:Archived
2281:Archived
2230:Archived
2195:Archived
2154:Archived
2149:CBS News
2122:Archived
1893:Archived
1862:Archived
1777:Archived
1744:Archived
1717:Archived
1685:cite web
1639:Archived
1612:Archived
1587:Archived
1560:Archived
1494:Archived
1463:Archived
1424:Archived
1316:See also
1255:Sandvine
1121:CBS News
1064:Hightail
1056:Tresorit
1038:such as
1022:Shareaza
1002:LimeWire
912:Shareaza
908:MLDonkey
817:LimeWire
803:Grokster
797:and the
791:Morpheus
763:Gnutella
751:Gnutella
685:(1978),
487:Legality
482:Timeline
363:Shareaza
348:μTorrent
328:BitComet
310:Soulseek
300:Hyphanet
290:Gnutella
159:Demonoid
126:PeerTube
37:a series
35:Part of
4131:Spyware
4116:Malware
4037:Nagware
3738:Linking
3345:Darkweb
3340:Darknet
3327:Privacy
3304:ZeroNet
3190:eDonkey
3167:clients
3140:Napster
3099:ZeroNet
3079:Tribler
2999:eDonkey
2844:, 2004.
2228:: 207.
1259:Netflix
1088:mirrors
1040:Dropbox
998:Napster
966:YouTube
856:isoHunt
842:in 2006
825:malware
771:Freenet
759:Freenet
734:Napster
715:MP3.com
699:Hotline
662:History
625:storage
459:Seedbox
439:Darknet
373:Tribler
285:eDonkey
252:Sci-Hub
174:isoHunt
136:YouTube
3968:Adware
3788:Backup
3765:Shadow
3247:Backup
3226:Magnet
3120:CuteMX
3054:OpenFT
3019:GNUnet
2855:
2824:, 2002
2389:
2275:
1963:
1925:
1806:. CNET
1455:
1238:piracy
862:, and
757:, and
687:Usenet
510:Canada
93:WebRTC
83:Usenet
3760:Alias
3729:Write
3719:Close
3486:Types
3417:SHA-2
3412:SHA-1
3150:WASTE
3145:Scour
3125:Kazaa
3094:Winny
3089:WinMX
3074:Share
3009:Fopnu
2670:2007.
2636:(PDF)
2629:(PDF)
2441:(PDF)
2415:(PDF)
2408:(PDF)
1923:S2CID
1831:Wired
1665:(PDF)
1607:Wired
1540:Wired
1395:Warez
1365:Bilal
1104:Chegg
1086:, or
1070:rsync
1062:, or
994:users
972:Types
782:Kazaa
515:Japan
383:WinMX
338:eMule
194:RARBG
154:1337x
4206:list
4141:Worm
3920:Free
3724:Read
3714:Open
3696:Path
3300:IPFS
3240:Uses
3221:eD2k
3049:LBRY
3039:IPFS
2853:ISBN
2788:2020
2757:2018
2644:2018
2465:2023
2423:2008
2387:ISBN
2320:2020
2289:2021
2273:ISSN
2238:2021
2203:2015
2162:2012
2130:2012
2095:2023
2073:2023
2051:2023
2028:2023
2005:2023
1974:2023
1961:ISBN
1901:2020
1870:2021
1839:2024
1812:2024
1804:CNET
1785:2018
1752:2012
1725:2012
1691:link
1677:2024
1647:2019
1620:2019
1568:2019
1520:2012
1471:2012
1453:ISBN
1432:2021
1106:and
1042:and
1000:and
910:and
902:and
873:MPAA
868:RIAA
799:RIAA
795:MPAA
745:DMCA
717:and
703:chat
406:Kodi
378:Vuze
333:DC++
214:YIFY
169:EZTV
98:XDCC
3365:Tor
3165:of
3044:Kad
3034:I2P
2994:DAT
2868:doi
2449:doi
2366:c't
2265:doi
1953:doi
1245:."
1140:..
707:mp3
691:FTP
530:USA
464:VPN
305:I2P
4283::
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3302:,
3298:,
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