317:โ Multiple disk clutches operate via an electrical actuation but transmit torque mechanically. When current is applied through the clutch coil, the coil becomes an electromagnet and produces magnetic lines of flux. These lines of flux are transferred through the small air gap between the field and the rotor. The rotor portion of the clutch becomes magnetized and sets up a magnetic loop, which attracts both the armature and friction disks. The attraction of the armature compresses (squeezes) the friction disks, transferring the torque from the in inner driver to the out disks. The output disks are connected to a gear, coupling, or pulley via drive cup. The clutch slips until the input and output RPMs are matched. This happens relatively quickly typically (0.2 - 2 sec).
353:โ Electromagnetic tooth clutches operate via an electric actuation but transmit torque mechanically. When current flows through the clutch coil, the coil becomes an electromagnet and produces magnetic lines of flux. This flux is then transferred through the small gap between the field and the rotor. The rotor portion of the clutch becomes magnetized and sets up a magnetic loop, which attracts the armature teeth to the rotor teeth. In most instances, the rotor is consistently rotating with the input (driver). As soon as the clutch armature and rotor are engaged, lock up is 100%.
382:โ Magnetic particle clutches are unique in their design, from other electro-mechanical clutches because of the wide operating torque range available. Like a standard, single face clutch, torque to voltage is almost linear. However, in a magnetic particle clutch torque can be controlled very accurately. This makes these units ideally suited for tension control applications, such as wire winding, foil, film, and tape tension control. Because of their fast response, they can also be used in high cycle application, such as card readers, sorting machines, and labeling equipment.
388:โ Magnetic particles (very similar to iron filings) are located in the powder cavity. When current flows through the coil, the magnetic flux that is created tries to bind the particles together, almost like a magnetic particle slush. As the current is increased, the magnetic field builds, strengthening the binding of the particles. The clutch rotor passes through the bound particles, causing drag between the input and the output during rotation. Depending upon the output torque requirement, the output and input may lock at 100% transfer.
25:
122:
372:
330:
311:โ Multiple disk clutches are used to deliver extremely high torque in a relatively small space. These clutches can be used dry or wet (oil bath). Running the clutches in an oil bath also greatly increases the heat dissipation capability, which makes them ideally suited for multiple speed gear boxes and machine tool applications.
244:, there may be a clutch release switch inside the gear lever. The driver operates the switch by holding the gear lever to change the gear, thus cutting off current to the electromagnet and disengaging the clutch. With this mechanism, there is no need to depress the clutch pedal. Alternatively, the switch may be replaced by a
301:
412:
removed). This means, as the rotor rotates, magnetic drag between the rotor and the hysteresis disk takes place causing rotation. In a sense, the hysteresis disk is pulled after the rotor. Depending upon the output torque required, this pull eventually can match the input speed, giving a 100% lockup.
199:
When the clutch is actuated, current flows through the electromagnet producing a magnetic field. The rotor portion of the clutch becomes magnetized and sets up a magnetic loop that attracts the armature. The armature is pulled against the rotor and a frictional force is generated at contact. Within a
411:
When the current is applied, it creates magnetic flux. This passes into the rotor portion of the field. The hysteresis disk physically passes through the rotor, without touching it. These disks have the ability to become magnetized depending upon the strength of the flux (this dissipates as flux is
252:
which senses the presence of the hand near the lever and cuts off the current. The advantages of using this type of clutch for automobiles are that complicated linkages are not required to actuate the clutch, and the driver needs to apply a considerably reduced force to operate the clutch. It is a
407:
Electrical hysteresis units have an extremely high torque range. Since these units can be controlled remotely, they are ideal for testing applications where varying torque is required. Since drag torque is minimal, these units offer the widest available torque range of any electromagnetic product.
400:
344:. Sometimes, exact timing needs to be kept, so tooth clutches can be made with a single position option which means that they will only engage at a specific degree mark. They can be used in dry or wet (oil bath) applications, so they are very well suited for gear box type drives.
159:
since no mechanical linkages are required to control their engagement, providing fast, smooth operation. However, because the activation energy dissipates as heat in the electromagnetic actuator when the clutch is engaged, there is a risk of overheating. Consequently, the maximum
217:
Cycling is achieved by interrupting the current through the electromagnet. Slippage normally occurs only during acceleration. When the clutch is fully engaged, there is no relative slip, assuming the clutch is sized properly, and thus torque transfer is 100% efficient.
340:โ Of all the electromagnetic clutches, the tooth clutches provide the greatest amount of torque in the smallest overall size. Because torque is transmitted without any slippage, clutches are ideal for multi stage machines where timing is critical such as multi-stage
356:
When current is removed from the clutch field, the armature is free to turn with the shaft. Springs hold the armature away from the rotor surface when power is released, creating a small air gap and providing complete disengagement from input to output.
408:
Most applications involving powered hysteresis units are in test stand requirements. Since all torque is transmitted magnetically, there is no contact, so no wear occurs to any of the torque transfer components providing for extremely long life.
320:
When the current is removed from the clutch, the armature is free to turn with the shaft. Springs hold the friction disks away from each other, so there is no contact when the clutch is not engaged, creating a minimal amount of drag.
271:
systems are switched on and off by using an electromagnetic clutch. To activate the compressor the clutch is activated. This connects the air conditioning compressor's shaft end to a pulley driven by the engine's crankshaft through a
200:
relatively short time, the load is accelerated to match the speed of the rotor, thereby engaging the armature and the output hub of the clutch. In most instances, the rotor is constantly rotating with the input all the time.
140:
became known as electromagnetic versus electro-mechanical, referring more about their actuation method versus physical operation. Since the clutches started becoming popular over 60 years ago, the variety of applications and
415:
When current is removed from the clutch, the armature is free to turn and no relative force is transmitted between either member. Therefore, the only torque seen between the input and the output is bearing drag.
208:
When current is removed from the clutch, the armature is free to turn with the shaft. In most designs, springs hold the armature away from the rotor surface when power is released, creating a small air gap.
231:
This type of clutch is used in some lawnmowers, copy machines, and conveyor drives. Other applications include packaging machinery, printing machinery, food processing machinery, and factory automation.
391:
When current is removed from the clutch, the input is almost free to turn with the shaft. Because the magnetic particles remain in the cavity, all magnetic particle clutches have some minimum drag.
188:
347:
They should not be used in high speed applications or applications that have engagement speeds over 50 rpm otherwise damage to the clutch teeth would occur when trying to engage the clutch.
472:
W. Pelczewski: SPRZEGLA ELEKTROMAGNETYCZNE (Polish original edition); German
Edition: Elektromagnetische Kupplung, Kapitel: Elektromagnetische Induktionskuppling; Vieweg 1971,
164:
of the clutch is limited by the temperature rating of the insulation of the electromagnet. This is a major limitation. Another disadvantage is higher initial cost.
450:
511:
89:
173:
61:
42:
68:
477:
75:
108:
179:
A friction-plate clutch uses a single plate friction surface to engage the input and output members of the clutch.
57:
46:
284:
268:
254:
136:
mechanically. This is why they used to be referred to as electro-mechanical clutches. Over the years,
506:
82:
366:
149:
35:
425:
161:
8:
501:
264:
systems, and are used to vary the amount of power sent to individual wheels or axles.
496:
473:
430:
280:
273:
148:
Single-face clutches make up approximately 90% of all electromagnetic clutch sales{{
145:
designs has increased dramatically, but the basic operation remains the same today.
261:
249:
156:
371:
341:
329:
187:
490:
245:
241:
300:
399:
24:
16:
Clutch that operates electrically but transmits torque mechanically
142:
133:
451:"Best way to accomplish variable resistance to linear motion?"
121:
455:
290:
360:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
324:
260:Electromagnetic clutches are also often found in
488:
155:Electromagnetic clutches are most suitable for
394:
279:Electromagnetic clutches have been used on
240:When the electromagnetic clutch is used in
295:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
398:
370:
328:
299:
174:Friction-plate electromagnetic couplings
167:
120:
291:Other types of electromagnetic clutches
172:For more and detailed information, see
489:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
512:Electromagnetic brakes and clutches
13:
186:
132:operate electrically but transmit
14:
523:
482:
361:Electromagnetic particle clutches
203:
23:
375:Electromagnetic particle clutch
221:
182:
34:needs additional citations for
443:
325:Electromagnetic tooth clutches
1:
436:
285:Hohenzollern Locomotive Works
194:
333:Electromagnetic tooth clutch
226:
7:
419:
269:automobile air conditioning
255:semi-automatic transmission
235:
10:
528:
364:
212:
171:
403:Hysteresis powered clutch
395:Hysteresis-powered clutch
367:magnetic particle clutch
130:Electromagnetic clutches
58:"Electromagnetic clutch"
404:
376:
334:
305:
296:Multiple disk clutches
191:
126:
426:Electromagnetic brake
402:
374:
332:
303:
190:
168:Friction-plate clutch
162:operating temperature
124:
304:Multiple disk clutch
43:improve this article
267:Most, but not all,
405:
377:
335:
306:
281:diesel locomotives
192:
127:
431:Magnetic coupling
119:
118:
111:
93:
519:
507:Electromagnetism
466:
465:
463:
462:
447:
342:printing presses
250:proximity sensor
157:remote operation
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
527:
526:
522:
521:
520:
518:
517:
516:
487:
486:
485:
470:
469:
460:
458:
449:
448:
444:
439:
422:
397:
369:
363:
327:
298:
293:
238:
229:
224:
215:
206:
197:
185:
177:
170:
150:Citation needed
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
525:
515:
514:
509:
504:
499:
484:
483:External links
481:
468:
467:
441:
440:
438:
435:
434:
433:
428:
421:
418:
396:
393:
365:Main article:
362:
359:
326:
323:
297:
294:
292:
289:
237:
234:
228:
225:
223:
220:
214:
211:
205:
202:
196:
193:
184:
181:
169:
166:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
524:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
494:
492:
480:
479:
478:3 528 04906 5
475:
456:
452:
446:
442:
432:
429:
427:
424:
423:
417:
413:
409:
401:
392:
389:
387:
383:
381:
373:
368:
358:
354:
352:
348:
345:
343:
339:
331:
322:
318:
316:
315:How it works
312:
310:
302:
288:
286:
282:
277:
275:
270:
265:
263:
258:
256:
251:
247:
243:
233:
219:
210:
204:Disengagement
201:
189:
180:
175:
165:
163:
158:
153:
151:
146:
144:
139:
135:
131:
123:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: โ
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
471:
459:. Retrieved
457:. 2012-09-08
454:
445:
414:
410:
406:
390:
386:How it works
385:
384:
380:Introduction
379:
378:
355:
351:How it works
350:
349:
346:
338:Introduction
337:
336:
319:
314:
313:
309:Introduction
308:
307:
278:
266:
259:
246:touch sensor
239:
230:
222:Applications
216:
207:
198:
183:How it works
178:
154:
147:
137:
129:
128:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
242:automobiles
125:Magnetkuppl
502:Auto parts
491:Categories
461:2023-09-29
437:References
283:, e.g. by
195:Engagement
69:newspapers
227:Machinery
99:June 2021
497:Clutches
420:See also
253:type of
236:Vehicles
213:Cycling
83:scholar
476:
143:clutch
134:torque
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
90:JSTOR
76:books
474:ISBN
274:belt
152:}}.
62:news
276:.
262:AWD
248:or
45:by
493::
453:.
287:.
257:.
138:EM
464:.
176:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:ยท
80:ยท
73:ยท
66:ยท
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.