349:. In this revised stern, a set of straight post timbers (also called "whiskers", "horn timbers", or "fan tail timbers") stretches from the keel diagonally aft and upward. It rests on the top of the sternpost and runs on either side of the rudder post (thus creating the "helm port" through which the rudder passes) to a point well above the vessel's waterline. Whereas the timbers of the transom stern all heeled on the wing transom, the timbers of the elliptical stern all heel on the whiskers, to which they are affixed at a 45° angle (i.e., "canted") when viewed from overhead and decrease in length as they are installed aft until the curvature is complete. The finished stern has a continuous curved edge around the outside and is raked aft.
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curve, and the counter reached from the sternpost all the way to the taffrail in a continuous arch. It was soon discovered that vessels with cruiser sterns experienced less water resistance when under way than those with elliptical sterns, and between World War I and World War II most merchant ship designs soon followed suit.
172:. But Seppings' design left the rudder head exposed, and was regarded by many as simply ugly—no American warships were designed with such sterns, and the round stern was quickly superseded by the elliptical stern. The United States began building the first elliptical stern warship in 1820, a decade before the British.
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and through the first eight decades of steamship construction (roughly 1840–1920). Despite the design's leaving the rudder exposed and vulnerable in combat situations, many counter-sterned warships survived both World Wars, and stylish high-end vessels sporting them were coming off the ways into the
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era, when wedding-cake-like structures became so heavy that crews sometimes threw the decoration overboard rather than be burdened with its useless weight. Until a new form of stern appeared in the 19th century, the transom stern was a floating house—and required just as many timbers, walls, windows,
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1. Keel (light peach) 2. Skeg (dark purple) 3. Deadwood (olive drab) 4. Stern post (forest green) 5. Filling chock (bright yellow) 6. Filling transoms (pale yellow-green) 7. Wing transom (turquoise) 8. Helm port (orange) 9. Counter timbers (pale violet) 10. Margin (indigo) 11. Horn timber (green) 12.
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stern is a kind of transom stern that is raked backwards (common on modern yachts, rare on vessels before the 20th century); the vertical transom stern or plumb stern is raked neither forward nor back, but falls directly from the taffrail down to the wing transom. The rocket ship stern is a term for
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became the first sailing ship to sport such a stern. Though a great improvement over the transom stern in terms of its vulnerability to attack when under fire, elliptical sterns still had obvious weaknesses which the next major stern development — the iron-hulled cruiser stern — addressed far better
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None of these three main types of stern has vanished from the modern naval architectural repertoire, and all three continue to be used in one form or another by designers for many uses. Variations on these basic designs have resulted in an outflow of "new" stern types and names, only some of which
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stern—became the next prominent development in ship stern design, particularly in warships of the earlier half of the 20th century. The intent of this re-design was to protect the steering gear by bringing it below the armor deck. The stern now came to a point rather than a flat panel or a gentle
499:
A lute stern is to be found on inshore craft on the Sussex, England, shore. It comprises a watertight transom with the topside planking extended aft to form a non-watertight counter which is boarded across the fashion timbers curving outward aft from the transom. Some working boats and modern
446:
stern. A double ended ship with a very narrow square counter formed from the bulwarks or upper deck above the head of the rudder is said to have a pink stern or pinky stern. The torpedo stern or torpedo-boat stern describes a kind of stern with a low rounded shape that is nearly flat at the
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counter. The lower counter stretches from directly above the wing transom to the lower counter rail, and the upper counter from the lower counter rail to the upper counter rail, immediately under the stern's lowest set of windows (which in naval parlance were called "lights").
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A bustle stern refers to any kind of stern (transom, elliptical, etc.) that has a large "bustle" or blister at the waterline below the stern to prevent the stern from "squatting" when getting underway. It only appears in sailboats, never in power-driven craft.
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refers to a
Bermudan boat with this form of counter, using the term "square tuck stern" to describe it. The term "tuck" is used in the northwest of England for this area of the hull at the sternpost, and for the bulkhead across the counter if one is fitted.
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stern, and were developed in that order. The hull sections of a sailing ship located before the stern were composed of a series of U-shaped rib-like frames set in a sloped or "cant" arrangement, with the last frame before the stern being called the
293:– that is, if the stern timbers end up producing a final transom that falls vertically to the water, this is considered a transom with no rake; if the stern timbers produce a stern with some degree of slope; such a stern is considered a raked stern.
235:– These timbers extend across the low parts of the hull near the rudder, and are secured (notched and/or bolted) to the sternpost. The transom located at the base of the stern, and the uppermost of the main transoms, was typically called the
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second, it can refer specifically to the flat or slightly curved surface that is the very back panel of a transom stern. In this sense, a transom stern is the product of the use of a series of transoms, and hence the two terms have blended.
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replicas have a similar form of counter, built to be water tight as described in the "transom stern" section above. These are being confused with lute sterns but as a lute is not watertight, a better term is needed. Chappelle in
125:, the foremost part of a ship. Originally, the term only referred to the aft port section of the ship, but eventually came to refer to the entire back of a vessel. The stern end of a ship is indicated with a white
269:) – These timbers are mounted vertically in a series; each timber typically rests or "steps" on the wing transom and then stretches out (aft) and upward. Those not reaching all the way to the
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Stern timbers (apricot) 13. Side-counter timbers (pale yellow) 14. Quarter-timbers (red) 15. Fashion timber (fuchsia) 16. Cant frames (blue) 17. Square body frames (uncolored)
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The stern of a traditional sailing ship housed the captain's quarters and became increasingly large and elaborate between the 15th and 18th centuries, especially in the
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Other names for the elliptical stern include a "counter stern", in reference to its very long counter, and a "cutaway stern". The elliptical stern began use during the
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Illustrations of several kinds of stern: Fig. 21 Fantail; Fig. 22 Transom; Fig. 23 "Compromise"; Fig. 24 "V" stern; Fig. 25 Round; Fig. 26 Torpedo; Fig. 27 Canoe
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In naval architecture, the term transom has two meanings. First, it can be any of the individual beams that run side-to-side or "athwart" the hull at any point
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and frames. The stern frame provided the foundational structure of the transom stern, and was composed of the sternpost, wing transom, and fashion piece.
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introduced the concept of a rounded stern. The square stern had been an easy target for enemy cannon, and could not support the weight of heavy stern
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waterline, but which then slopes upward in a conical fashion towards the deck (practical for small high-speed power boats with very shallow drafts).
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transoms. If the stern had transoms above the wing transom, they would no longer be affixed to the sternpost. The first of these might be called a
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As ships of wooden construction gave way to iron and steel, the cruiser stern—another design without transoms and known variously as the
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transom; the principal transom below this and level with the lower deck was called the
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A Costanzi stern is a type of stern designed for use on ocean-going vessels. Its hard-
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American Small
Sailing Craft: Their Design, Development, and Construction
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design is a compromise between the 'spoon-shaped' stern usually found on
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The flat surface of any transom stern may begin either at or above the
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Whitney, William Dwight (1911), Smith, Benjamin E. (ed.),
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The reverse stern, reverse transom stern, sugar-scoop, or
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Report on the Ship-Building
Industry of the United States
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The elliptical stern of the metal-hulled three-masted
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The self-bailing transom stern of a modern fiberglass
309:; a large vessel may have two such counters, called a
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Detailed schematic of an elliptical or "fantail" stern
1073:, New York: WW Norton & Company, pp. 80–81,
903:. Naval History & Heritage Command. 17 March 2007
113:, technically defined as the area built up over the
955:Leitch, Albert Clark (1920). Victor W. Pagé (ed.).
928:(Second ed.), Woburn: Butterworth-Heinemannn,
762:, London: Navigation-Warehouse, pp. 120, 136,
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1014:Queen Mary 2: The Greatest Ocean Liner of our Time
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706:Falconer's New Universal Dictionary of the Marine
117:, extending upwards from the counter rail to the
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796:, Edinburgh: Published for author, p. 122,
922:Schneekluth, Herbert; Bertram, Volker (1998) ,
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243:transom; between these two were a series of
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708:, London: Chatham Publishing, p. 457,
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959:. New York: Norman W. Henley. p. 32.
901:"Glossary-"Counter" (or "Cutaway") Sterns"
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334:Diagram of a rounded stern as designed by
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32:This is an accepted version of this page
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685:. New York: W. W. Norton. p. 59.
575:The transom stern of the 18th century
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793:A Treatise On Marine Architecture
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121:. The stern lies opposite the
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821:Mondfeld, Wolfram zu (2005),
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92:Sichem Princess Marie-Chantal
502:American Small Sailing Craft
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957:Motor Boats and Boat Motors
759:The Shipwright's vade-mecum
681:Estep, Harvey Cole (1918).
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790:Hedderwick, Peter (1830),
731:Canney, Donald L. (2001),
683:How Wooden Ships Are Built
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39:latest accepted revision
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846:"Sir Robert Seppings"
756:Steel, David (1805),
617:Severn-class lifeboat
562:Jean BĂ©rain the Elder
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1446:Nautical terminology
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869:Hall, Henry (1884),
823:Historic Ship Models
442:an extremely angled
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62:For other uses, see
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347:Sir William Symonds
336:Sir Robert Seppings
287:outer stern timbers
275:short stern timbers
166:Sir Robert Seppings
29:Page version status
508:The fantail stern
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18:Counter stern
1451:Shipbuilding
1384:
1365:Ship's wheel
1230:Companionway
1124:sailing ship
1088:
1070:
1064:
1043:
1032:
1013:
1004:
993:, retrieved
980:
973:
956:
950:
939:, retrieved
924:
917:
905:. Retrieved
895:
884:, retrieved
871:
864:
853:. Retrieved
849:
840:
822:
816:
805:, retrieved
792:
771:, retrieved
758:
732:
705:
699:
682:
658:Empire Sandy
657:
636:
632:full-rigged
581:
557:Soleil Royal
556:
528:
524:
517:
514:tea clippers
507:
501:
498:
494:Queen Mary 2
493:
476:
471:
465:Queen Mary 2
464:
456:ocean liners
449:
443:
438:
436:
432:
414:double-ended
413:
409:
405:
403:
393:Independence
392:
386:Constitution
385:
379:age of steam
372:
367:Independence
366:
360:Constitution
359:
340:
318:
314:
310:
306:
296:
286:
282:
278:
274:
267:stern frames
266:
262:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
227:
219:
207:
175:
163:
158:
154:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
131:
98:
96:
91:
68:
46:
37:This is the
31:
1350:Quarterdeck
1240:Daggerboard
1235:Crow's nest
1215:Centreboard
1185:Bow or prow
1135:Aftercastle
1122:Parts of a
850:HMS Unicorn
579:cargo ship
375:age of sail
273:are called
253:window sill
1440:Categories
1320:Orlop deck
1255:Forecastle
1250:Figurehead
1180:Boom brake
1170:Bilgeboard
1048:. Norton.
855:2020-03-16
666:References
634:tall ship
600:(Tirion28)
326:Elliptical
176:Brandywine
170:chase guns
142:elliptical
129:at night.
89:cargo ship
1420:Whipstaff
1390:Sternpost
1380:Starboard
1330:Poop deck
1325:Outrigger
1140:Afterdeck
965:314767880
802:220933246
741:201931743
691:561361622
582:Amsterdam
488:The hard-
478:Eugenio C
444:retroussé
439:retroussé
410:parabolic
303:archboard
299:waterline
257:spar deck
174:USS
115:sternpost
83:The flat
1400:Taffrail
1340:Porthole
1310:Leeboard
1285:Jackline
1190:Bowsprit
1160:Beakhead
1040:(1951).
1012:(2004).
881:11633113
768:34631820
654:schooner
531:ice horn
343:Seppings
271:taffrail
233:Transoms
150:merchant
119:taffrail
43:reviewed
1415:Transom
1290:Jibboom
1270:Gunwale
1265:Gangway
1225:Cockpit
1205:Cathead
1200:Capstan
990:1062940
941:23 July
907:24 July
807:29 July
773:23 July
552:transom
519:Titanic
472:Oceanic
408:stern,
400:Cruiser
307:counter
249:counter
245:filling
222:baroque
189:Transom
146:fantail
138:transom
85:transom
1405:Tiller
1395:Strake
1360:Rudder
1305:Kelson
1220:Chains
1145:Anchor
1077:
1052:
1020:
988:
963:
932:
879:
829:
800:
766:
739:
712:
689:
490:chines
452:chined
421:Others
315:second
134:square
1425:Winch
1260:Frame
1195:Cable
1175:Bitts
1165:Bilge
995:1 May
886:5 May
598:sloop
560:, by
406:canoe
319:upper
311:lower
210:abaft
184:Types
148:, or
99:stern
1375:Stem
1370:Skeg
1335:Port
1315:Mast
1295:Keel
1280:Hull
1275:Head
1245:Deck
1075:ISBN
1050:ISBN
1018:ISBN
997:2011
986:OCLC
961:OCLC
943:2011
930:ISBN
909:2011
888:2011
877:OCLC
827:ISBN
809:2011
798:OCLC
775:2011
764:OCLC
737:OCLC
710:ISBN
687:OCLC
630:The
475:and
389:and
291:rake
241:deck
237:wing
212:the
111:boat
107:ship
97:The
1410:Top
1355:Rib
529:An
470:SS
391:SS
384:SS
365:SS
358:SS
317:or
285:or
157:or
136:or
123:bow
109:or
103:aft
45:on
1442::
848:.
782:^
748:^
723:^
673:^
614:UK
522:.
396:.
144:,
41:,
1115:e
1108:t
1101:v
1058:.
1026:.
967:.
911:.
858:.
693:.
66:.
49:.
20:)
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