387:. In popular culture and among professional con men, the human vulnerabilities that cons exploit are depicted as "dishonesty", "greed", and "gullibility" of the marks. Dishonesty, often represented by the expression "you can't cheat an honest man", refers to the willingness of marks to participate in unlawful acts, such as rigged gambling and embezzlement. Greed, the desire to "get something for nothing", is a shorthand expression of marks' beliefs that too-good-to-be-true gains are realistic. Gullibility reflects beliefs that marks are "suckers" and "fools" for entering into costly voluntary exchanges. Judicial opinions occasionally echo these sentiments.
54:
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239:(1821–1856) was the original "confidence man". Thompson was a clumsy swindler who asked his victims to express confidence in him by giving him money or their watch rather than gaining their confidence in a more nuanced way. A few people trusted Thompson with their money and watches. Thompson was arrested in July 1849. Reporting about this arrest, James Houston, a reporter for the
219:) is a scam that unfolds over several days or weeks; it may involve a team of swindlers, and even props, sets, extras, costumes, and scripted lines. It aims to rob the victim of a huge amount of money or other valuables, often by getting them to empty out banking accounts and borrow from family members.
306:
A sudden manufactured crisis or change of events forces the victim to act or make a decision immediately. This is the point at which the con succeeds or fails. With a financial scam, the con artist may tell the victim that the "window of opportunity" to make a large investment in the scheme is about
410:
received 847,376 reports in 2021 with a reported loss of money of $ 6.9 billion in the US alone. The Global Anti Scam
Alliance annual Global State of Scam Report, stated that globally $ 47.8 billion was lost and the number of reported scams increased from 139 million in 2019 to 266 million in 2020.
313:
A conspirator (in on the con, but assumes the role of an interested bystander) puts an amount of money into the same scheme as the victim, to add an appearance of legitimacy. This can reassure the victim, and give the con man greater control when the deal has been
322:" step, particularly those involving a fake, but purportedly "rare item" of "great value". This usually includes the use of an accomplice who plays the part of an uninvolved (initially skeptical) third party, who later confirms the claims made by the con man.
122:. Researchers have defined confidence tricks as "a distinctive species of fraudulent conduct ... intending to further voluntary exchanges that are not mutually beneficial", as they "benefit con operators ('con men') at the expense of their victims (the '
210:
A short con or "small con" is a fast swindle which takes just minutes, possibly seconds. It typically aims to rob the victim of his money or other valuables which they carry on their person or are guarding. A "long con" or "big con" (also, chiefly
669:
This language blog, while not a reliable etymological source, provides statistically gathered usage data that demonstrates neutral as well as critical usage, and that it is of
British origin, only recently making notable inroads into American
263:, Edward H. Smith lists the "six definite steps or stages of growth" of a confidence game. He notes that some steps may be omitted. It is also possible some can be done in a different order than the one shown or carried out simultaneously.
245:, publicized Thompson by naming him the "Confidence Man". Although Thompson was an unsuccessful scammer, he gained the reputation as a genius operator mostly because Houston's satirical tone was not understood as such. The
374:
tend to show an incautious level of greed and gullibility, and many con artists target the elderly and other people thought to be vulnerable, using various forms of confidence tricks. Researchers Huang and Orbach argue:
426:
414:
Government organizations have set up online fraud reporting websites to build awareness about online scams and help victims make reporting of online fraud easier. Examples are in the United States (
288:
The victim receives a small payout as a demonstration of the scheme's purported effectiveness. This may be a real amount of money or faked in some way (including physically or electronically). In a
2420:
2247:
282:
The victim is given an opportunity to profit from participating in a scheme. The victim's greed is encouraged, such that their rational judgment of the situation might be impaired.
370:. As such, there is no consistent profile of a confidence trick victim; the common factor is simply that the victim relies on the good faith of the con artist. Victims of
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Preparations are made in advance of the game, including the hiring of any assistants required and studying the background knowledge needed for the role.
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433:), Netherlands (FraudeHelpdesk). In addition, several private, non-profit initiatives have been set up to combat online fraud like
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194:, hustler, or swindler. The intended victims are known as marks, suckers, stooges, mugs, rubes, or gulls (from the word
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coined the term "confidence game" a few weeks after
Houston first used the name "confidence man".
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190:. The perpetrator is often referred to as a scammer, confidence man (or con man), con artist,
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The Mark Inside: A Perfect
Swindle, a Cunning Revenge, and a Small History of the Big Con
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Braucher, Jean; Orbach, Barak (2015). "Scamming: The
Misunderstood Confidence Man".
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attempts to raise £100,000 for a college in Sudan by calling on the name of
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Fraud Victim Advice / Assistance for
Consumer Scams and Investment Frauds
730:
499:
486:
456:
343:
958:
The
Fraudsters: Sharks and Charlatans – How Con Artists Make Their Money
939:
The World's
Greatest Crooks and Conmen and other mischievous malefactors
94:. Confidence tricks exploit victims using a combination of the victim's
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3195:
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3015:
3005:
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2600:
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Commission for the
Prevention of Corruption of the Republic of Slovenia
2115:
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2027:
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Cons succeed for inducing judgment errors—chiefly, errors arising from
351:
335:
228:
111:
103:
1613:
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834:"Scammers are Winning: € 41.3 ($ 47.8) Billion lost in Scams, up 15%"
367:
3040:
2715:
2037:
1965:
1925:
1906:
1423:
471:
355:
95:
1081:
The Big Con: The Story of the
Confidence Man and the Confidence Game
594:
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Other terms for "scam" (aside from "confidence trick") include
107:
2927:
2858:
2310:
1970:
1795:
1350:
595:"Con Men and Their Enablers: The Anatomy of Confidence Games"
363:
199:
119:
1207:
The Book of Swindles: Selections from a Late Ming Collection
1056:
862:
30:
Several terms redirect here. For the film of year 2016, see
1707:
347:
292:
con, the victim is allowed to win several small bets. In a
2346:
Special Investigation Service of the Republic of Lithuania
2543:
International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities
758:
Confessions of a Confidence Man: A Handbook for Suckers
2340:
Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program
2299:
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
2281:
Anti-corruption and Economic Malpractice Observatory
1040:
The Confidence Game: Why We Fall for It...Every Time
198:). When accomplices are employed, they are known as
2482:
Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill 2011
330:Confidence tricks exploit characteristics such as
1060:History's Greatest Deceptions and Confidence scams
915:
761:. Scientific American Publishing. pp. 35–37.
3685:
2904:
863:"ScamAlert - Bringing you the latest scam info"
402:Fraud has rapidly adapted to the Internet. The
2450:Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption
2317:Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption
2248:UNCAC Coalition of Civil Society Organisations
1144:Soapy Smith: The Life and Death of a Scoundrel
978:Lies! Lies!! Lies!!!: The Psychology of Deceit
716:
2890:
2655:
2641:
1811:
1334:
1105:. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher.
2553:United Nations Convention against Corruption
2533:Inter-American Convention Against Corruption
999:Crimes of Persuasion: Schemes, scams, frauds
712:
710:
708:
706:
90:a person or group after first gaining their
2591:Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity
2426:Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission
2270:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission
599:Social Research: An International Quarterly
592:
3648:Criminal enterprises, gangs and syndicates
2897:
2883:
2648:
2634:
2438:National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine
2334:Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau
1818:
1804:
1341:
1327:
1161:
429:), Singapore (ScamAlert), United Kingdom (
1037:
1023:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
995:
703:
588:
586:
2368:Independent Corrupt Practices Commission
1057:Lazaroff, Steven; Rodger, Mark (2018) .
1016:
936:
916:Bell, J. Bowyer; Whaley, Barton (1982).
831:
719:Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities
482:Confidence tricks in film and television
325:
52:
2410:Sierra Leone Anti-corruption Commission
2275:Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)
1119:
1063:. Rodger & Laz Publishing S.E.N.C.
750:
748:
679:
14:
3686:
2498:Freedom of information laws by country
2415:Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau
1186:Con Man: A Master Swindler's Own Story
1098:
1077:
955:
654:
642:
593:Huang, Lindsey; Orbach, Barak (2018).
583:
276:The victim is approached or contacted.
2878:
2629:
2362:Anti-Corruption Commission of Myanmar
2304:Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
2233:International Anti-Corruption Academy
1799:
1322:
1203:
1165:The Professional Thief (reprint 1989)
1140:
919:Cheating and Deception (reprint 1991)
754:
3547:High-yield investment program (HYIP)
2581:2012 Indian anti-corruption movement
2576:2011 Indian anti-corruption movement
2357:Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
2287:National Anti-Corruption Observatory
1182:
974:
812:Internet Crime Complaint Center, FBI
745:
27:Attempt to defraud a person or group
3537:Foundation for New Era Philanthropy
2503:The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013
2398:National Anticorruption Directorate
2392:Anti-Corruption General Directorate
648:
318:In addition, some games require a "
24:
2228:Group of States Against Corruption
1348:
909:
667:from the original on July 7, 2014.
496:(novel) – fictional religious cons
25:
3720:
2404:Investigative Committee of Russia
1225:
1183:Weil, J.R. "Yellow Kid" (1948) .
1162:Sutherland, Edwin Hardin (1937).
2596:Russian anti-corruption campaign
2586:Anti-austerity movement in Spain
2493:Foreign Extortion Prevention Act
1780:
1779:
1242:
1231:
1084:. Bobbs Merrill / Anchor Books.
821:from the original on 2022-03-22.
3602:Saradha Group financial scandal
2432:Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera
2293:National Supervisory Commission
1168:. University of Chicago Press.
880:
855:
844:from the original on 2022-05-17
825:
765:from the original on 2023-01-15
625:from the original on 2023-01-15
477:Confidence tricks in literature
441:(2004) and ScamAdviser (2012).
404:Internet Crime Complaint Center
391:
261:Confessions of a Confidence Man
2380:Investigation Task Force Sweep
2374:National Accountability Bureau
1846:Corruption in local government
1834:Corruption in different fields
1825:
1256:"Arrest of the Confidence Man"
832:Greening, James (2021-12-07).
797:
776:
685:
673:
636:
550:Scams in intellectual property
296:con, the victim is given fake
129:
13:
1:
2956:1992 Indian stock market scam
2488:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
2386:Central Anticorruption Bureau
1210:. Columbia University Press.
1147:. Juneau: Klondike Research.
805:"Internet Crime Report, 2021"
576:
555:Social engineering (security)
3231:Strip search phone call scam
3046:Extraterrestrial real estate
2548:OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
2538:International asset recovery
2322:Central Vigilance Commission
1877:Corruption Perceptions Index
1239:travel guide from Wikivoyage
655:Yagoda, Ben (June 5, 2012).
216:
7:
3106:Intellectual property scams
3096:Indian coal allocation scam
2905:Scams and confidence tricks
2822:Related manipulation topics
2606:2017–2019 Romanian protests
1284:Confidence tricks in China.
1102:The American Confidence Man
1017:Kaminski, Marek M. (2004).
444:
44:Con artist (disambiguation)
10:
3725:
3699:Psychological manipulation
3592:Pyramid schemes in Albania
3552:Investors Overseas Service
3484:Website reputation ratings
2611:2017–2018 Russian protests
2243:Transparency International
2218:Global Financial Integrity
1078:Maurer, David W. (1999) .
975:Ford, Charles V. (1999) .
922:. Transaction Publishers.
395:
307:to suddenly close forever.
222:
36:Counterfeit consumer goods
29:
3630:
3622:Welsh Thrasher faith scam
3567:Madoff investment scandal
3492:
3294:
3061:Foreclosure rescue scheme
2946:
2910:
2821:
2775:
2724:
2663:
2657:Manipulation (psychology)
2571:2011 Azerbaijani protests
2561:
2521:
2472:
2463:
2256:
2210:
2201:
2156:
2058:
2048:Offshore financial centre
1899:
1890:
1869:
1851:Interest group corruption
1833:
1770:
1663:
1627:
1530:
1504:
1357:
1099:Maurer, David W. (1974).
1038:Konnikova, Maria (2016).
937:Blundell, Nigel (1984) .
755:Smith, Edward H. (1923).
425:), Australia (ScamWatch
254:
205:
3709:Organized crime activity
3617:Stanford Financial Group
3422:Russian Business Network
3211:Slavery reparations scam
2513:Whistleblower protection
2001:Cryptocurrency and crime
981:. American Psychiatric.
783:Crimes-of-persuasion.com
645:, Ch. 8. Short-Con Games
423:Federal Trade Commission
34:. For counterfeits, see
3587:Petters Group Worldwide
2737:Character assassination
1882:Economics of corruption
1266:. Police Intelligence.
996:Henderson, Les (2000).
956:Dillon, Eamon (2008) .
661:Not One-off Britishisms
248:National Police Gazette
231:dates back at least to
3281:White van speaker scam
3246:Technical support scam
3221:SSA impersonation scam
3176:Redemption/A4V schemes
3101:IRS impersonation scam
3066:Foreign exchange fraud
2508:UK Bribery Act of 2010
2264:Oficina Anticorrupción
2013:Noble cause corruption
1870:Measures of corruption
1289:"Prepaid funeral scam"
1204:Zhang, Yingyu (2017).
565:Technical support scam
560:SSA impersonation scam
462:Boiler room (business)
389:
75:
38:. For other uses, see
3081:Get-rich-quick scheme
3071:Fortune telling fraud
2839:Internet manipulation
2725:Negative manipulation
2664:Positive manipulation
2238:Mo Ibrahim Foundation
2018:Professional courtesy
1981:Honest services fraud
1414:Intellectual property
1120:Reading, Amy (2012).
960:. Merlin Publishing.
892:www.fraudehelpdesk.nl
611:10.1353/sor.2018.0050
381:imperfect information
377:
326:Vulnerability factors
57:Political cartoon by
56:
48:Scam (disambiguation)
3557:Kapa investment scam
3377:Internet vigilantism
3367:Email authentication
3342:Cryptocurrency scams
3236:Swampland in Florida
2202:Institutions dealing
1936:Conflict of interest
1861:Political corruption
1301:"To Catch a Con Man"
1251:at Wikimedia Commons
1141:Smith, Jeff (2009).
1020:Games Prisoners Play
731:10.2139/ssrn.2314071
285:Pay-off or convincer
3661:Film and television
3382:Lenny anti-scam bot
3286:Work-at-home scheme
3251:Telemarketing fraud
3111:Kansas City Shuffle
3036:Embarrassing cheque
2844:Market manipulation
2043:Offshore investment
682:, Ch. 1. Confidence
515:List of con artists
86:, is an attempt to
3612:Scott W. Rothstein
3507:Aman Futures Group
3026:Coin rolling scams
3021:Coin-matching game
2849:Media manipulation
2829:Crowd manipulation
2803:Influence-for-hire
2776:Other manipulation
2706:Predatory marriage
2444:Warioba Commission
2382:(Papua New Guinea)
2126:Regulatory capture
1931:Commercial bribery
1762:White-collar crime
1628:Government-related
1276:"Book of Swindles"
1260:The Lost Museum, (
1189:. Broadway Books.
788:2007-04-15 at the
570:White-collar crime
76:
3694:Confidence tricks
3681:
3680:
3643:Confidence tricks
3362:Domain name scams
3261:Thai zig zag scam
3126:Miracle cars scam
2949:confidence tricks
2947:Notable scams and
2872:
2871:
2813:Spin (propaganda)
2793:Good cop, bad cop
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2459:
2458:
2197:
2196:
2174:Election security
2121:Political scandal
1856:Police corruption
1793:
1792:
1531:Financial-related
1249:Confidence tricks
1247:Media related to
941:. Octopus Books.
510:Hijacked journals
148:confidence scheme
66:Herbert Kitchener
16:(Redirected from
3716:
3512:Bernard Cornfeld
3474:Stock Generation
3402:Referer spoofing
3266:Three-card monte
3256:Thai tailor scam
3216:Spanish Prisoner
3146:Overpayment scam
3086:Green goods scam
2986:Black money scam
2971:Art student scam
2966:Advance-fee scam
2961:2G spectrum case
2899:
2892:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2834:Confidence trick
2767:Social rejection
2650:
2643:
2636:
2627:
2626:
2470:
2469:
2208:
2207:
2189:Vote suppression
2076:Crony capitalism
2006:Hawala and crime
1996:Money laundering
1976:Graft (politics)
1956:Confidence trick
1897:
1896:
1891:Forms or aspects
1820:
1813:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1783:
1782:
1358:Business-related
1343:
1336:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1310:. Archived from
1296:
1283:
1271:
1246:
1235:
1221:
1200:
1179:
1158:
1137:
1116:
1095:
1074:
1053:
1034:
1013:
1002:. Coyote Ridge.
992:
971:
952:
933:
903:
902:
900:
898:
884:
878:
877:
875:
873:
859:
853:
852:
850:
849:
829:
823:
822:
820:
809:
801:
795:
780:
774:
773:
771:
770:
752:
743:
742:
714:
701:
700:
695:. Archived from
689:
683:
677:
671:
668:
652:
646:
640:
634:
633:
631:
630:
590:
452:Advance-fee scam
385:cognitive biases
372:investment scams
360:irresponsibility
237:William Thompson
218:
116:irresponsibility
84:confidence trick
72:
61:
21:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3626:
3572:Make Money Fast
3542:Franchise fraud
3497:
3488:
3469:Spoofing attack
3452:Scammer Payback
3300:countermeasures
3299:
3290:
2981:Bait-and-switch
2948:
2942:
2906:
2903:
2873:
2868:
2864:Undue influence
2817:
2771:
2720:
2659:
2654:
2624:
2615:
2563:
2557:
2525:
2523:
2517:
2474:
2465:Anti-corruption
2455:
2252:
2204:with corruption
2203:
2193:
2169:Electoral fraud
2164:Ballot stuffing
2152:
2054:
1892:
1886:
1865:
1841:Corporate crime
1829:
1824:
1794:
1789:
1766:
1723:honest services
1659:
1623:
1526:
1500:
1353:
1347:
1299:
1287:
1274:
1270:. July 8, 1849.
1268:New York Herald
1254:
1228:
1218:
1197:
1176:
1155:
1134:
1113:
1092:
1071:
1050:
1031:
1010:
989:
968:
949:
930:
912:
910:Further reading
907:
906:
896:
894:
886:
885:
881:
871:
869:
861:
860:
856:
847:
845:
830:
826:
818:
807:
803:
802:
798:
790:Wayback Machine
781:
777:
768:
766:
753:
746:
715:
704:
691:
690:
686:
678:
674:
657:"The long game"
653:
649:
641:
637:
628:
626:
591:
584:
579:
574:
447:
400:
394:
328:
267:Foundation work
257:
242:New York Herald
225:
213:British English
208:
144:confidence game
132:
70:
59:
51:
32:Confidence Game
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3722:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3479:Voice phishing
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3312:Pig Butchering
3309:
3303:
3301:
3296:Internet scams
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3201:Sick baby hoax
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3181:Reloading scam
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3116:Locksmith scam
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2879:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2798:Indoctrination
2795:
2790:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2762:Smear campaign
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2691:Disinformation
2688:
2686:Child grooming
2683:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2653:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2630:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2478:
2476:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2418:
2412:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2267:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2223:Global Witness
2220:
2214:
2212:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2179:Gerrymandering
2176:
2171:
2166:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2096:Ghost soldiers
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1681:Counterfeiting
1678:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1506:
1505:Family-related
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1384:Pharmaceutical
1377:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:on 2007-03-24.
1297:
1285:
1272:
1252:
1240:
1227:
1226:External links
1224:
1223:
1222:
1217:978-0231178631
1216:
1201:
1196:978-0767917377
1195:
1180:
1175:978-0226780511
1174:
1159:
1154:978-0981974309
1153:
1138:
1133:978-0307473592
1132:
1117:
1112:978-0398029746
1111:
1096:
1091:978-0385495387
1090:
1075:
1070:978-1775292128
1069:
1054:
1049:978-0525427414
1048:
1035:
1030:978-0691117218
1029:
1014:
1009:978-0968713303
1008:
993:
988:978-0880489973
987:
972:
967:978-1903582824
966:
953:
948:978-0706421446
947:
934:
929:978-0887388682
928:
911:
908:
905:
904:
879:
854:
824:
796:
775:
744:
725:(2): 249–292.
702:
699:on 2011-07-14.
684:
672:
647:
635:
605:(4): 795–822.
581:
580:
578:
575:
573:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
448:
446:
443:
398:Internet fraud
393:
390:
327:
324:
316:
315:
311:
308:
304:
301:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
256:
253:
233:Ancient Greece
224:
221:
207:
204:
131:
128:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3721:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3674:
3673:Ponzi schemes
3671:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3657:In the media
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3607:Secret Sister
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3577:Matrix scheme
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3499:Ponzi schemes
3495:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3407:Ripoff Report
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3206:SIM swap scam
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:Pump and dump
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3156:Pig in a poke
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3011:Charity fraud
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2991:Blessing scam
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2923:Error account
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2900:
2895:
2893:
2888:
2886:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2808:Interrogation
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2639:
2637:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2522:International
2520:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2428:(South Korea)
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:International
2209:
2206:
2200:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2143:State capture
2141:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2086:Elite capture
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1893:of corruption
1889:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1832:
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1718:Mail and wire
1716:
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1713:Impersonation
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1703:Fraud factory
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1614:Shill bidding
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1486:Telemarketing
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1454:Ghost network
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1409:Impersonation
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1308:investigation
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1282:. 2017-11-15.
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520:List of scams
518:
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406:(IC3) of the
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320:corroboration
312:
310:The in-and-in
309:
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81:
74:
67:
63:
55:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3597:Reed Slatkin
3562:Kubus scheme
3442:Jim Browning
3437:419eater.com
3432:Scam baiting
3417:Romance scam
3387:Lottery scam
3332:Clickjacking
3276:Wash trading
3271:Trojan horse
3186:Return fraud
3136:Mock auction
3031:Drop swindle
2996:Bogus escrow
2917:
2854:Nudge theory
2747:Intimidation
2701:Love bombing
2676:Brainwashing
2353:(Madagascar)
2277:(Bangladesh)
2184:Vote pairing
2136:Rent-setting
2131:Rent-seeking
2091:Failed state
1991:Match fixing
1961:Embezzlement
1955:
1940:Corporation
1912:Black market
1729:
1543:lottery scam
1476:Tech support
1466:Racketeering
1312:the original
1306:Dateline NBC
1304:
1292:
1279:
1259:
1206:
1185:
1164:
1143:
1122:
1101:
1080:
1059:
1039:
1019:
998:
977:
957:
938:
918:
895:. Retrieved
891:
882:
870:. Retrieved
866:
857:
846:. Retrieved
837:
827:
811:
799:
792:
778:
767:. Retrieved
757:
722:
718:
697:the original
693:"Shell Game"
687:
680:Reading 2012
675:
660:
650:
638:
627:. Retrieved
602:
598:
545:Scam baiting
535:Racketeering
493:Elmer Gantry
491:
413:
401:
392:Online fraud
378:
329:
317:
303:The "hurrah"
294:stock market
260:
258:
246:
240:
226:
209:
195:
187:
183:
179:
175:
174:(or bunco),
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
133:
83:
79:
77:
3638:Con artists
3522:Dona Branca
3464:Spoofed URL
3372:Email fraud
3352:CyberThrill
3327:Click fraud
3241:Tarmac scam
3166:Pork barrel
3161:Pigeon drop
3151:Patent safe
3141:Moving scam
3051:Fiddle game
3001:Boiler room
2976:Badger game
2938:Sucker list
2911:Terminology
2788:Gaslighting
2526:and efforts
2524:instruments
2475:enforcement
2417:(Singapore)
2330:(Indonesia)
2266:(Argentina)
2148:State crime
2106:Mafia state
2101:Kleptocracy
2066:Clientelism
2033:Tax evasion
1916:Grey market
1693:Faked death
1686:Superdollar
1664:Other types
1604:Overpayment
1570:Credit card
1538:Advance-fee
1444:Health care
643:Maurer 1999
500:Gaslighting
487:Counterfeit
457:Badger game
431:ActionFraud
364:desperation
344:opportunism
130:Terminology
3688:Categories
3666:Literature
3527:Earl Jones
3459:ShadowCrew
3412:Rock Phish
3357:DarkMarket
3347:Cybercrime
3322:Catfishing
3196:Shell game
3131:Mismarking
3056:Fine print
3016:Clip joint
3006:Bride scam
2783:Entrapment
2752:Mind games
2711:Propaganda
2601:Yo Soy 132
2446:(Tanzania)
2376:(Pakistan)
2289:(Cameroon)
2116:Plutocracy
2071:Coronelism
2028:Slush fund
1827:Corruption
1747:Scientific
1609:Securities
1594:Mismarking
1560:Chargeback
1555:Bankruptcy
1394:Employment
1375:Disability
1042:. Viking.
848:2022-05-19
769:2015-11-07
629:2018-09-03
577:References
467:Catfishing
396:See also:
352:compassion
336:dishonesty
314:completed.
229:shell game
112:confidence
104:compassion
62:Staniforth
3653:Impostors
3307:Avalanche
3121:Long firm
3041:Exit scam
2716:Seduction
2564:movements
2484:(pending)
2452:(Vietnam)
2440:(Ukraine)
2400:(Romania)
2394:(Romania)
2370:(Nigeria)
2364:(Myanmar)
2342:(Liberia)
2313:(Croatia)
2283:(Burundi)
2157:Elections
2038:Tax haven
1966:Extortion
1926:Collusion
1907:Baksheesh
1640:Electoral
1584:Insurance
1522:Paternity
1512:Fertility
1449:fertility
1429:Long firm
1349:Types of
1280:ChinaFile
1126:. Knopf.
739:148270133
619:150021652
472:Charlatan
356:credulity
298:dividends
217:long game
188:bamboozle
156:stratagem
96:credulity
3427:SaferNet
3397:Phishing
3337:Cramming
3226:SSC Scam
3091:Hustling
3076:Gem scam
2742:Coercion
2732:Bullying
2696:Flattery
2473:Laws and
2406:(Russia)
2388:(Poland)
2336:(Latvia)
2295:(China)
2257:National
2111:Nepotism
2081:Cronyism
1986:Kickback
1785:Category
1671:Affinity
1645:Medicare
1599:Mortgage
1517:Marriage
1481:Slamming
1459:quackery
1434:Odometer
1419:Internet
1370:Cramming
842:Archived
816:Archived
786:Archived
763:Archived
670:English.
665:Archived
623:Archived
530:Quackery
525:Phishing
445:See also
437:(2004),
290:gambling
279:Build-up
273:Approach
196:gullible
180:flimflam
140:con game
3517:Caritas
3494:Pyramid
3447:Kitboga
3317:Carding
3191:Salting
2933:Shyster
2757:Mobbing
2681:Bribery
2671:Big lie
2562:Protest
2434:(Spain)
2324:(India)
2023:Scandal
1921:Bribery
1900:General
1752:Spyware
1735:Romance
1698:Forgery
1676:Charity
1655:Welfare
1635:Benefit
1589:Lottery
1574:carding
1365:Billing
1293:FBI.gov
867:Default
368:naïvety
223:History
192:grifter
176:swindle
160:finesse
100:naïveté
88:defraud
82:, or a
40:Con Man
18:Con men
3532:Ezubao
3392:PayPai
2351:BIANCO
1565:Cheque
1491:Weight
1471:Return
1404:Fixing
1214:
1193:
1172:
1151:
1130:
1109:
1088:
1067:
1046:
1027:
1006:
985:
964:
945:
926:
897:May 3,
888:"Home"
872:May 3,
737:
617:
540:Ripoff
366:, and
340:vanity
255:Stages
206:Length
200:shills
186:, and
184:gaffle
168:hustle
152:ripoff
118:, and
108:vanity
73:Gordon
3704:Fraud
3631:Lists
2928:Shill
2859:Shill
2311:USKOK
2059:State
1971:Fraud
1949:Shell
1944:Dummy
1757:Vomit
1740:Bride
1579:Forex
1439:Phone
1389:Email
1351:fraud
819:(PDF)
808:(PDF)
735:S2CID
615:S2CID
505:Graft
435:AA419
332:greed
172:bunko
164:grift
126:')".
124:marks
120:greed
92:trust
71:C. G.
60:J. M.
2918:Scam
1775:list
1730:Scam
1708:Hoax
1650:Visa
1572:and
1550:Bank
1496:Wine
1399:Food
1380:Drug
1237:Scam
1212:ISBN
1191:ISBN
1170:ISBN
1149:ISBN
1128:ISBN
1107:ISBN
1086:ISBN
1065:ISBN
1044:ISBN
1025:ISBN
1004:ISBN
983:ISBN
962:ISBN
943:ISBN
924:ISBN
899:2023
874:2023
838:GASA
439:APWG
427:ACCC
383:and
348:lust
227:The
80:scam
46:and
3582:MMM
3496:and
3298:and
2328:KPK
1619:Tax
1424:Job
1262:GMU
727:doi
607:doi
419:IC3
416:FBI
408:FBI
259:In
136:con
3690::
1914:/
1382:/
1303:.
1291:.
1278:.
1258:.
890:.
865:.
840:.
836:.
814:.
810:.
747:^
733:.
723:72
721:.
705:^
663:.
659:.
621:.
613:.
603:85
601:.
597:.
585:^
421:,
362:,
358:,
354:,
350:,
346:,
342:,
338:,
334:,
235:.
215::
202:.
182:,
178:,
170:,
166:,
162:,
158:,
154:,
150:,
146:,
142:,
138:,
114:,
110:,
106:,
102:,
98:,
78:A
64::
42:,
2898:e
2891:t
2884:v
2649:e
2642:t
2635:v
1819:e
1812:t
1805:v
1342:e
1335:t
1328:v
1295:.
1264:)
1220:.
1199:.
1178:.
1157:.
1136:.
1115:.
1094:.
1073:.
1052:.
1033:.
1012:.
991:.
970:.
951:.
932:.
901:.
876:.
851:.
772:.
741:.
729::
632:.
609::
300:.
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
