Coloureds - Knowledge

442: 1105:. This was part of a change in which the Coloured minority was to be allowed limited rights and self-governance in "Coloured areas", but continuing the policy of denationalising the Black majority and making them involuntary citizens of independent homelands. The internal rationale was that South African whites, more numerous at the time than Coloureds and Indians combined, could bolster its popular support and divide the democratic opposition while maintaining a working majority. The effort largely failed, with the 1980s seeing increased disintegration of civil society and numerous states of emergency, with violence increasing from all racial groups. The separate arrangements were removed by the negotiations which took place from 1990 to 306: 1013:, Strijdom's government passed legislation to expand the number of Senate seats from 48 to 89. All of the additional 41 members hailed from the National Party, increasing its representation in the Senate to 77 in total. The Appellate Division Quorum Bill increased the number of judges necessary for constitutional decisions in the Appeal Court from five to eleven. Strijdom, knowing that he had his two-thirds majority, held a joint sitting of parliament in May 1956. The entrenchment clause regarding the Coloured vote, known as the South Africa Act, were thus eliminated and the Separate Representation of Voters Act passed, now successfully. 358: 633:

and in other industries and many were subjected to harsh conditions and treatment. The intermixing among European men and Spanish and Portuguese women's descendants are part of the diverse Coloured communities in South Africa. It is however important to note that Spanish and Portuguese ancestry is not a dominant feature amongst the Coloured identity in South Africa, Namibia and Zimbabwe. Individual family histories and ancestry may vary widely while the African, European and Asian ancestry is dominant amongst Coloured people from Africa.

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year. Nowadays the drumlines in cheerful, brightly Coloured costumes perform in a stadium. Christmas festivities take place in a sacred atmosphere but are no less vivid, mainly including choirs and orchestras that sing and play Christmas songs in the streets. In the field of performing arts and literature, several Coloureds performed with the CAPAB (Cape Performing Arts Board) ballet and opera company, and the community yielded three major Afrikaans poets the well-known poets, Adam Small,

952: 471:, Namibia and to a lesser extent, Zimbabwe and Zambia who have ancestry from African, European, and Asian people. The intermixing of different races began in the Cape province of South Africa, with European settlers intermixing with the indigenous Khoi tribes, and Asian slaves of the region. Later various other European nationals also contributed to the growing mixed race people, who would later be officially classified as coloured by the apartheid government in the 1950s. 2243: 114: 154: 736:(formally classified as "Asian"). The census in South Africa during 1911 played a significant role in defining racial identities in the country. One of the most noteworthy aspects of this census was the instructions given to enumerators on how to classify individuals into different racial categories. The category of "coloured persons" was used to refer to all people of mixed race, and this category included various ethnic groups such as 134: 1657: 1502: 1324: 1123: 174: 56: 2927:; Ranciaro, Alessia; Froment, Alain; Hirbo, Jibril B.; Awomoyi, Agnes A.; Bodo, Jean-Marie; Doumbo, Ogobara; Ibrahim, Muntaser; Juma, Abdalla T.; Kotze, Maritha J.; Lema, Godfrey; Moore, Jason H.; Mortensen, Holly; Nyambo, Thomas B.; Omar, Sabah A.; Powell, Kweli; Pretorius, Gideon S.; Smith, Michael W.; Thera, Mahamadou A.; Wambebe, Charles; Weber, James L.; Williams, Scott M. (22 May 2009). 797: 1279:, does not use the label Coloured but many observers would consider her as Coloured by visible appearance. The Independent Democrats party sought the Coloured vote and gained significant ground in the municipal and local elections in 2006, particularly in districts in the Western Cape with high proportions of Coloured residents. The firebrand 1310:

In the 2004 election, voter apathy was high in historically Coloured areas. The ANC faces the dilemma of having to balance the increasingly nationalistic economic aspirations of its core black African support base, with its ambition to regain control of the Western Cape, which would require support from Coloureds.

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carnival, held annually on 2 January in Cape Town, and the Cape Malay choir and orchestral performances are an important part of the city's holiday season. Kaapse Klopse consists of several competing groups that have been singing and dancing through Cape Town's streets on New Year's Day earlier this

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As far as family life, housing, eating habits, clothing and so on are concerned, the Christian Coloureds generally maintain a Western lifestyle. Marriages are strictly monogamous, although extramarital and premarital sexual relationships can occur and are perceived differently from family to family.

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Although the apartheid government recognised various coloured subgroups, including the Cape Malays and Cape Coloureds, the Coloured population, was for many purposes treated as a single group, despite their varying ancestries and cultures. Also during apartheid, many Griqua began to self-identify as

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ship "Het Gelderland", which arrived at the Cape in 1671 with 174 slaves from the Canary Islands and The Portuguese ship, "Sao Jose" which was captured by the Dutch in 1713 and brought to the Cape with slaves from the Canary Islands. These enslaved people were forced to work on farms, in households,

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Initially, Coloureds were mainly semi-skilled and unskilled labourers who, as builders, masons, carpenters and painters, made an important contribution to the early construction industry in the Cape. Many were also fishermen and farm workers, and the latter had an important share in the development

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The ANC has had some success in winning Coloured votes, particularly among labour-affiliated and middle-class Coloured voters. Some Coloureds express distrust of the ANC with the comment, saying that the Coloured were considered "not white enough under apartheid and not black enough under the ANC."

628:(Spain), located off the northwest coast of Africa, were a Spanish colony, and during the 17th and 18th centuries, the Dutch east India Company and other European powers brought enslaved people from the Canary Islands to South Africa, particularly to the Cape Colony (now known as South Africa). The 1051:

Many Coloureds refused to register for the new voters' roll and the number of Coloured voters dropped dramatically. In the next election, only 50.2% of them voted. They had no interest in voting for White representatives — an activity which many of them saw as pointless, and only persisted for ten

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enslaved people from Asian regions, including; Indonesia, Malaysia and India. These individuals were brought to the Cape Colony to work on farms, in households, as they were enslaved laborer's. There is a significant genetic mixture of European, African and (Indian) Asian DNA in the modern ethnic

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It is important to note here that genetic reference cluster term "Khoisan" itself refers to a colonially admixed population cluster, hence the concatenation, and is not a straightforward reference to ancient African pastoralist and hunter ancestry, which is often demarcated by the L0 haplogroup

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Another important field of work is the service sector, while an ever-increasing number of Coloureds operate in administrative, clerical and sales positions. All the more professional and managerial posts are. In order to stimulate the economic development of Coloureds, the Coloured Development

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The Malays were, and still are, skilled furniture makers, dressmakers and coopers. In recent years, more and more Coloureds have been working in the manufacturing and construction industry. There are still many Coloured fishermen, and most Coloureds in the countryside are farm workers and even

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after De Klerk's departure in 1996, partly to attract non-White voters, and grew closer to the ANC. This political alliance, often perplexing to outsiders, has sometimes been explained in terms of the culture and language shared by White and Coloured New National Party members, who both spoke

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The average family size of six does not differ from those of other Western families and, as with the latter, is generally related to socio-economic status. Extended families are common. Coloured children are often expected to refer to any extended relatives as their "auntie" or "uncle" as a

552: 801: 1044:(White women, uniformly dressed, standing on street corners with placards) also made themselves heard. In this way, the question of the Coloured vote became one of the first measures of the regime's unscrupulous nature and flagrant willingness to manipulate its inherited 799: 804: 803: 798: 805: 535:, Coloureds and Indians) still tend to have strong racial identities and to classify themselves and others as members of these race groups. The classification continues to persist in government policy, to an extent, as a result of attempts at redress such as 526:

were initially classified under the act as a subgroup of Coloured. As a consequence of Apartheid policies and despite the abolition of the Population Registration Act in 1991, Coloureds are regarded as one of four race groups in South Africa. These groups

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was used to refer to people of mixed race. Most are descended from mixed African and British, or African and Indian, progenitors. Some Coloured families descended from Cape Coloured migrants from South Africa who had children with local women. Under

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governments categorized them as Coloured. In addition, other distinctly homogeneous ethnic groups also traditionally viewed the mixed-race populations as a separate group, and a growing number of mixed-race people also embraced a shared identity.

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drew in some former New National Party voters and won considerable Coloured support. The New National Party collapsed in the 2004 elections. Coloured support aided the Democratic Alliance's victory in the 2006 Cape Town municipal elections.

802: 829:, as they were generally descendants of Dutch and Afrikaner men and grew up in their society. About twenty percent of the Coloured speak English as their mother tongue, mostly those of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal. Virtually all 719:

in South Africa of the second half of the 20th century, the government used the term "Coloured" to describe one of the four main racial groups it defined by law (the fourth was "Asian," later "Indian"). This was an effort to impose

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In 1958, the government established the Department of Coloured Affairs, followed in 1959 by the Union for Coloured Affairs. The latter had 27 members and served as an advisory link between the government and the Coloured people.

1951:. According to the 2011 South African census, more than 95% of those who identified as Coloured spoke either Afrikaans (74.6%) or English (20.5%) natively, while 4.93% reported a different first language, the most common being 1734:

A majority of those who identify as Coloured live in the Western Cape, where they make up almost half of the province's population. In the 2011 South African census the distribution of the group per province was as follows:

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Afrikaans. In addition, both groups opposed affirmative action programmes that might give preference to Black South Africans, and some Coloured people feared giving up older privileges, such as access to municipal jobs, if

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Calafell, Francesc; Daya, Michelle; van der Merwe, Lize; Galal, Ushma; Möller, Marlo; Salie, Muneeb; Chimusa, Emile R.; Galanter, Joshua M.; van Helden, Paul D.; Henn, Brenna M.; Gignoux, Chris R.; Hoal, Eileen (2013).

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farmers. The largest percentage of economically active Coloureds is found in the manufacturing industry. About 35% of the economically active Coloured women are employed in clothing, textile, food and other factories.

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gave Coloured people the franchise, although by 1930 they were restricted to electing White representatives. They conducted frequent voting boycotts in protest. Such boycotts may have contributed to the victory of the

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turned out to be a constitutional hitch which never really got going. In 1969, the Coloureds elected forty onto the council to supplement the twenty nominated by the government, taking the total number to sixty.

1306:, longtime Minister of Finance. The Democratic Alliance won control over the Western Cape during the 2009 National and Provincial Elections and subsequently brokered an alliance with the Independent Democrats. 703:

tribes. In South Africa and many neighbouring countries, the white minority governments historically segregated Africans from Europeans after settlement had progressed, and increasingly classified all

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ancestry. In the early 19th century some immigrants from Brazil arrived in South Africa as sailors, traders or refugees, and some intermarried with local mixed race (Coloured) communities. Also The

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A ten year study of genetics worldwide noted the Coloured community has highest levels of mixed ancestry anywhere, including African, European, Southeast Asian and South Indian contributions.

1484:'s predominantly white government, Coloureds had more privileges than black Africans, including full voting rights, but still faced social discrimination. The term Coloured is also used in 1726:

Corporation was established in 1962. The corporation provided capital to businessmen, offered training courses and undertook the establishment of shopping centres, factories and the like.

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that are sometimes considered a sub-group of the Coloured population of that country. Under South African rule, the policies and laws of apartheid were extended to what was then called

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Of particular importance is the fact that the instruction to classify "coloured persons" as a distinct racial group included individuals of African descent, commonly referred to as

793:(a pass, an identity document designed to limit the movements of the black population), while the Griqua, who were seen as an indigenous African group, though heavily mixed, did. 943:" is a racial slur used to refer to Black African people in South Africa. While it is still used against black people, it is not as prevalent as it is against coloured people. 879:

ancestry common in the general South African native population which is also integral part of other aboriginal genetic reference cluster terms like "South-East African Bantu".

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Moultrie, A. T., & Dorrington, R. Used for ill, used for good: A century of collecting data on race in South Africa. pp. 7, 8. Moultrie and Dorrington. Available at:

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There are many singing and choir associations as well as orchestras in the Coloured community. The Eoan Group Theatre Company performs opera and ballet in Cape Town. The

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While many affluent families live in large, modern, and sometimes luxurious homes, many urban coloured people rely on state-owned economic and sub-economic housing.

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At least one genetic study indicates that Cape Coloureds have ancestries from the following ethnic groups. Not all Coloureds in South Africa had the same ancestry.

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Coloureds were placed on a separate voters' roll from the 1958 election to the House of Assembly and forward. They could elect four Whites to represent them in the

979:. Additionally, under apartheid, Coloured people received education inferior to that of Whites. It was, however, better than that provided to Black South Africans. 2698: 3543: 1947:

that was spoken amongst the different ethnic slaves to understand each other and also converse with their Dutch masters. Later the language was adopted by white

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Explanation of South African identity numbers in an identity document during apartheid in terms of official White, Coloured and Indian population subgroups

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from the 17th century onwards. The intermixing of different races began in the Cape province of South Africa during the 17th and 18th centuries, the

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along with European (Dutch, German and French) colonists and African and Asian slave descendents. The language was originally an informal dialect of

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The political rights of Coloured people varied by location and over time. In the 19th century they theoretically had similar rights to Whites in the

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group of Coloured people. Thus forced into their own communities and therefore created a generational mix of people and are to date an ethnic group.

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Coloured people supported and were members of the African National Congress before, during and after the apartheid era: notable politicians include

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Mathabane, M. (1986). Kaffir Boy: The True Story of a Black Youth's Coming of Age in Apartheid South Africa. Simon & Schuster. (Chapter 2)

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Adhikari, Mohamed, editor. Burdened by Race: Coloured Identities in Southern Africa. UCT Press, 2013, pp. 69, 124, 203 ISBN 978-1-92051-660-4

1025: 3229: 2624: 716: 688: 1263:(DA). The Western Cape is considered as an area in which this party might gain ground against the dominant African National Congress. The 4536: 3536: 2742: 1002: 732:(formally classified as "Native", "Bantu" or simply "African" and comprising the majority of the population), Coloureds (mixed-race) and 2492: 1236:

gained leadership in the government. After the absorption of the NNP into the ANC in 2005, Coloured voters have generally drawn to the

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Schlebusch, CM; Naidoo, T; Soodyall, H (2009). "SNaPshot minisequencing to resolve mitochondrial macro-haplogroups found in Africa".

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Coloured people were subject to forced relocation. For instance, the government relocated Coloured from the urban Cape Town areas of

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in the South African context. Such mixed-race people did not necessarily self-identify this way; some preferred to call themselves

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232827270_Used_for_ill_used_for_good_A_century_of_collecting_data_on_race_in_South_Africa

528: 1079: 4609: 3529: 905: 17: 3487: 3380: 2711: 2682: 2475: 629: 575: 512: 3335: 2781: 1632:. In 1968, the Culture and Recreation Council was established to promote the cultural activities of the Coloured Community. 1604:

Among the working and agrarian classes, permanent relationships are often officially ratified only after a while if at all.

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Quintana-Murci, L; Harmant, C; H, Quach; Balanovsky, O; Zaporozhchenko, V; Bormans, C; van Helden, PD; et al. (2010).

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Barbieri, Chiara; Vicente, Mário; Rocha, Jorge; Mpoloka, Sununguko W.; Stoneking, Mark; Pakendorf, Brigitte (2013-02-07).

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people together into a third group, despite their numerous ethnic and national differences in ancestry. The imperial and

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and subsequent amendments, codified the Coloured identity and defined its subgroups, including Cape Coloureds and Malays.

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during the apartheid era, because of the benefits of such classification. For example, Coloureds did not have to carry a

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people within Southern African social order. According to Nurse and Jenkins (1975), the leader of this "mixed" group,

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A genetic clustering of South African Coloured and five source populations. Each vertical bar represents individual.

3888: 2439: 1686: 4604: 2800:"Strong maternal Khoisan contribution to the South African coloured population: a case of gender-biased admixture" 4116: 3960: 3123:

de Wit, E; Delport, W; Rugamika, CE; Meintjes, A; Möller, M; van Helden, PD; Seoighe, C; Hoal, EG (August 2010).

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All South African children are expected to attend school from the age of seven to sixteen years, at the minimum.

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in 1948. It carried out an apartheid programme that stripped Coloured people of their remaining voting powers.

893: 699:'s administration, Kok provided refuge to deserting soldiers, runaway slaves, and remaining members of various 4479: 3560: 3552: 3057: 1220: 933: 908:. Whether in these organisations or others, many Coloured people were active in the fight against apartheid. 892:

Coloured people played an important role in the struggle against apartheid and its predecessor policies. The

729: 3455: 2519:"A Panel of Ancestry Informative Markers for the Complex Five-Way Admixed South African Coloured Population" 504:

culture developed. Genetic studies suggest the group has the highest levels of mixed ancestry in the world.

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have grown in influence. The Western Cape has been a site of the rise of opposition parties, such as the

1056: 1033: 478: 4562: 4126: 2357: 1678: 1519: 1459: 1433: 1341: 1140: 1102: 1009:, the Union's effective constitution. In order to bypass this safeguard, enforced since 1909 to ensure 536: 305: 3995: 3965: 3921: 3358: 1534: 1356: 1155: 4526: 4111: 3913: 2352: 2077: 1233: 1223:, which in its first contest with a non-white majority won 20% of the vote and a majority in the new 901: 641: 507:

The majority of coloureds are found in the western cape but are prevalent throughout the country. In

3125:"Genome-wide analysis of the structure of the South African Coloured Population in the Western Cape" 540: 357: 4624: 4403: 3980: 3970: 2367: 1667: 1010: 696: 65: 813:

In the 21st century, Coloured people constitute a plurality of the population in the provinces of

4619: 4150: 4121: 4106: 3926: 3233: 3058:"The unbearable lightness of being bilingual: English–Afrikaans language contact in South Africa" 2643: 2282: 1671: 1512: 1334: 1133: 1021: 737: 4101: 4064: 3941: 3931: 3291: 1625: 1029: 1006: 221: 39: 4276: 4038: 3990: 3985: 3975: 2388: 2202: 1276: 1249: 1095: 1068: 964: 928: 733: 523: 200: 3936: 2465: 2412: 4499: 4494: 4256: 4046: 3880: 3683: 3597: 3410:

Not White Enough, Not Black Enough: Racial Identity in the South African Coloured Community

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and provided land outside Cape Town in the eighteenth century. With territories beyond the

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Until 1841 missionary societies provided all the school facilities for Coloured children.

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rallied Coloured political efforts for many years. Many Coloured people later joined the

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In addition to African, European and Asian ancestry, Coloured people had some portion of

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The Long Shadow of the British Empire: The Ongoing Legacies of Race and Class in Zambia

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were treated by the government in a way comparable to that of South African Coloureds.

1381: 1241: 1180: 1045: 916: 461: 453: 30:"Coloured" redirects here. For the component ethnic group originating in the Cape, see 4248: 3255:

https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/c0a95c41-a983-49fc-ac1f-7720d607340d/628130.pdf

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province – much due to Cape Coloured support. The National Party recast itself as the

4557: 4281: 3582: 3507: 3483: 3441: 3427: 3413: 3376: 3211: 3193: 3146: 3080: 2966: 2924: 2867: 2829: 2707: 2678: 2635: 2566: 2548: 2471: 2228: 1455: 1295: 1256: 1245: 920: 915:(though income and property qualifications affected them disproportionately). In the 3158: 2879: 4343: 3405: 3201: 3185: 3136: 3072: 2994: 2956: 2948: 2859: 2819: 2811: 2668: 2556: 2538: 1987: 1299: 1283:(formerly a provincial leader of the New National Party) has sought to portray his 1059:, as amended, Coloureds were formally classified into various subgroups, including 776: 660:. Despite these major differences, as both groups have ancestry from more than one 293: 3076: 4310: 4293: 2773: 2543: 2362: 986: 972: 721: 225: 3848: 3521: 2673: 1420: 1219:

During the 1994 all-race elections, Coloured people voted heavily for the white

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The "Coloured" Community of Durban: A Study of Changing Perceptions of Identity

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majority. Coloured participation on juries was removed in 1954, and efforts to

982: 871: 765: 757: 684: 625: 598: 567: 497: 261: 31: 3402:, South Africa Department of Coloured Affairs, Inligtingsafdeling, 1960, 79 p. 3141: 3124: 2625:"What's in a name? Racial categorisations under apartheid and their afterlife" 4593: 4516: 4511: 4234: 4225: 4220: 4131: 4028: 4023: 3759: 3746: 3740: 3725: 3617: 3475: 3197: 3102: 3084: 2639: 2552: 2342: 2332: 2220: 2216: 2062: 1881: 1809: 1620: 1303: 994: 853: 818: 649: 610: 594: 563: 486: 297: 3492: 2952: 963:, which was later bulldozed. Other areas they were forced to leave included 951: 4484: 4091: 3811: 3711: 3691: 3670: 3663: 3642: 3622: 3607: 3602: 3592: 3587: 3577: 3569: 3215: 3150: 2970: 2871: 2863: 2833: 2570: 2493:"What languages do black, coloured, Indian and white South Africans speak?" 2307: 2257: 1899: 1755: 1451: 1280: 1224: 960: 822: 814: 637: 590: 555: 493: 468: 464: 285: 119: 91: 2894: 896:, established in 1902, had an exclusively Coloured membership; its leader 309:

Coloured people as a proportion of the total population in South Africa.

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Through a Coloured Lens: Post-Apartheid Identity amongst Coloureds in KZN

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minorities limited participation in separate and subordinate Houses in a

1064: 912: 821:(40.3%), both areas of centuries of mixing among the populations. In the 745: 602: 571: 281: 4351: 562:

The Coloured / Malay community is predominantly descended from numerous

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Mind Your Colour: The "coloured" Stereotype in South African Literature

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Statistics South Africa: Interactive data "SuperWEB2"; Census 2011 Data

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Numerous South African cuisines can be traced back to Coloured people.

1845: 1526: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1441: 1348: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1147: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1099: 1041: 976: 867: 692: 621: 606: 501: 273: 265: 257: 249: 4531: 4370: 2998: 2321: 4364: 4336: 4242: 4142: 3400:

Gekonsolideerde Algemene Bibliografie: Die Kleurlinge Van Suid-Afrika

2929:"The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans" 2312: 2212: 2122: 1948: 1940: 1272: 1032:. Both blacks and Whites opposed this measure, particularly from the 924: 830: 826: 789: 708: 657: 645: 617: 508: 482: 195: 61: 4462: 3499:, New York, Feminist Press at the City University of New York, 2001. 1656: 1501: 1323: 1122: 4451: 4443: 4315: 3858: 3831: 3612: 2137: 2017: 2002: 1952: 1485: 1481: 1466: 753: 700: 277: 208: 204: 159: 103: 99: 69: 4411: 2327: 55: 4489: 4456: 4436: 4421: 4389: 4383: 4215: 3628: 3174:"Ancient Substructure in Early mtDNA Lineages of Southern Africa" 2743:"1950. Population Registration Act No 30 - the O'Malley Archives" 2337: 2317: 2277: 2208: 2107: 2047: 2032: 1827: 1791: 1437: 846: 772: 761: 749: 741: 653: 586: 269: 241: 139: 95: 35: 4375: 4287: 3332:"Election Synopsis - How the West was Won (and Lost) - May 2004" 2797: 2231:

are staple diets of Coloureds and other South Africans as well.

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and maintain racial divisions. Individuals were classified as

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La nouvelle Afrique du Sud, problèmes politiques et sociaux

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Pillay, Kathryn (2019). "Indian Identity in South Africa".

2224: 1090:, in which 66.3% of White voters supported the change, the 2845: 2843: 489:

tribes, which effectively largely meant people of colour.

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Coloured political rights in the then-British Cape Colony

3024:(Master of Social Science). Durban: University of Natal. 2849: 1718:

of the wine, fruit and grain farms in the Western Cape.

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Racial-demographic map of South Africa published by the

923:, they had few rights. Coloured members were elected to 2840: 2768: 2766: 2183: 2168: 2155: 2142: 2127: 2112: 2097: 2082: 2067: 2052: 2037: 2022: 2007: 1992: 1977: 1920: 1904: 1886: 1868: 1850: 1832: 1814: 1796: 1778: 1760: 1428:

in 1979, with data from the 1970 South African census.

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community was also classified as a coloured subgroup.

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Density of the Coloured population in South Africa.

34:. For usage of the term outside Southern Africa, see 2763: 2238: 1444:, specifically part Khoisan, and part European. The 3334:. Institute for Democracy in Africa. Archived from 2757:"Manyi: 'Over-supply' of coloureds in Western Cape" 1939:Coloured people were some of the first speakers of 691:, was a former slave of the Dutch governor who was 683:The Griqua were subjected to an ambiguity of other 2895:"Africans have world's greatest genetic variation" 825:, they make up 8.3% of the population. Most speak 585:A diverse heritage including Indigenous African 3551: 3294:: Population Registration Act, 1959 cape coloured 4591: 570:men with Khoisan, Indian and Asian women in the 2509: 2463: 3354: 3352: 3232:. South African History Online. Archived from 2923:; Reed, Floyd A.; Friedlaender, Françoise R.; 2691: 485:referring to anyone not white or of the black 110: 4158: 3537: 3101:. Encounter.co.za. 2011-09-17. Archived from 2993:(PhD). Bloomington, Ind: Indiana University. 2984: 2982: 2980: 2436:Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) 1240:, with some opting for minor parties such as 1067:and "other coloured". A portion of the small 2913: 2658: 2656: 2464:Milner-Thornton, Juliette Bridgette (2012). 1287:as the political voice for Coloured people. 648:settlers, as well as Arab and Asian people. 4537:Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories 3438:100 Questions about Coloured South Africans 3349: 3049: 3010: 3008: 2793: 2791: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 1685:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1275:in 2011 on the platform of the now-defunct 27:Multiracial ethnic group of Southern Africa 4165: 4151: 3544: 3530: 2977: 2886: 2700:Census 2011 Municipal report: Western Cape 1003:1951 Separate Representation of Voters Act 150: 60:An extended Coloured family with roots in 3370: 3308:. Helen Suzman Foundation. Archived from 3288:South Africa : no easy path to peace 3205: 3140: 3099:"The Vibrant, Colourful, Coloured People" 2960: 2823: 2672: 2653: 2560: 2542: 2490: 1705:Learn how and when to remove this message 1586:Learn how and when to remove this message 1408:Learn how and when to remove this message 1207:Learn how and when to remove this message 130: 3005: 2788: 2607: 1955:which was spoken by 0.87% of the group. 1419: 1271:Patricia de Lille, who became mayor of 950: 795: 652:, on the other hand, are descendants of 636:Zimbabwean Coloureds are descended from 550: 440: 356: 304: 170: 4630:History of the Dutch East India Company 3055: 2784:from the original on November 20, 2014. 2368:VOC (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie) 1094:was reformed to allow the Coloured and 1080:Coloured Persons Representative Council 1048:. It would remain in power until 1994. 1036: and more liberal opposition. The 14: 4592: 4172: 3412:, Ohio University Press, 2005, 252 p. 2988: 2892: 2804:The American Journal of Human Genetics 2662: 2381: 1646: 1255:Since the late 20th century, Coloured 558:, leader of the Coloured Griqua People 4146: 3525: 3329: 3303: 2893:Schmid, Randolph E. (30 April 2009). 2622: 2470:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 9–15. 2457: 2389:"Mid-year population estimates, 2020" 1252:, with lukewarm support for the ANC. 1112: 1020:. Two Whites would be elected to the 817:(48.8%), and a large minority in the 728:(formally classified as "European"), 664:racial group, they are classified as 513:South African National Census of 2011 3230:"Dr Abdullah Abdurahman 1872 - 1940" 3014: 2421: 1683:adding citations to reliable sources 1650: 1524:adding citations to reliable sources 1495: 1346:adding citations to reliable sources 1317: 1145:adding citations to reliable sources 1116: 1001:by a supermajority amendment to the 887: 86:Regions with significant populations 3306:"A hollowing-out of our democracy?" 2591:. Oxford University. Archived from 2406: 1614: 1294:(previously Western Cape premier), 24: 3178:American Journal of Human Genetics 2665:The Palgrave Handbook of Ethnicity 1313: 25: 4641: 3517: 3330:Faull, Jonathan (June 21, 2004). 2706:. Statistics South Africa. 2012. 2429:"Zimbabwe Population Census 2012" 1450:of Namibia constitute a separate 1107:hold the first universal election 520:Population Registration Act, 1950 3480:Dance with a Poor Man's Daughter 3461:François-Xavier Fauvelle-Aymar, 3015:Fynn, Lorraine Margaret (1991). 2241: 1655: 1500: 1322: 1121: 946: 172: 152: 132: 112: 54: 3393: 3364: 3323: 3297: 3280: 3269: 3260: 3247: 3222: 3165: 3116: 3091: 3037: 3028: 2749: 2735: 1729: 1511:needs additional citations for 1333:needs additional citations for 1132:needs additional citations for 993:the common voters' roll in the 4522:Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa 3373:Traditional Cape Malay Cooking 2577: 2491:Alexander, Mary (2019-06-09). 2484: 2438:. October 2013. Archived from 1040:was very prominent, while the 997:escalated drastically; it was 991:abolish their participation on 894:African Political Organisation 13: 1: 4610:Multiracial affairs in Africa 4480:Cherokee freedmen controversy 3553:Ethnic groups in South Africa 3077:10.1016/j.langsci.2004.10.002 2374: 546: 81:5,600,000~ in Southern Africa 3463:Histoire de l'Afrique du Sud 2544:10.1371/journal.pone.0082224 1635: 1598: 601:) Asian slaves (mainly from 7: 4615:European diaspora in Africa 2674:10.1007/978-981-13-2898-5_9 2234: 2187: 2182: 2172: 2167: 2159: 2154: 2141: 2131: 2126: 2116: 2111: 2101: 2096: 2086: 2081: 2071: 2066: 2056: 2051: 2041: 2036: 2026: 2021: 2011: 2006: 1996: 1991: 1981: 1976: 1934: 1927: 1924: 1919: 1911: 1908: 1903: 1893: 1890: 1885: 1875: 1872: 1867: 1857: 1854: 1849: 1839: 1836: 1831: 1821: 1818: 1813: 1803: 1800: 1795: 1785: 1782: 1777: 1767: 1764: 1759: 1057:Population Registration Act 836: 10: 4646: 4553:Contemporary ethnic groups 3456:la Documentation française 3450:Philippe Gervais-Lambony, 3426:, Routledge, 1981, 248 p. 3371:Lagardien, Zainab (2008). 3190:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.12.010 2989:Palmer, Fileve T. (2015). 2816:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.02.014 2200: 2196: 1491: 882: 537:Black Economic Empowerment 29: 4571: 4545: 4472: 4181: 4084: 4037: 4004: 3879: 3830: 3810: 3758: 3682: 3568: 3559: 3469: 3142:10.1007/s00439-010-0836-1 2418:. Retrieved 22 July 2016. 2394:. Statistics South Africa 2353:Passing (racial identity) 1440:, to describe persons of 1234:African National Congress 902:African National Congress 833:Coloureds are bilingual. 809:Colin speaking Afrikaans. 564:interracial sexual unions 236: 231: 219: 214: 194: 189: 169: 149: 129: 109: 90: 85: 80: 75: 53: 4600:Ethnic groups in Namibia 697:Dutch East India Company 630:Dutch east India company 4605:Coloured African people 2953:10.1126/science.1172257 2623:Posel, Deborah (2001). 2283:Culture of South Africa 1473:, the term Coloured or 1469:and to a lesser extent 1022:Cape Provincial Council 906:United Democratic Front 460:) refers to members of 125:5,339,919 (2022 census) 3504:A Place Called Vatmaar 3502:Henry Martin Scholtz, 3276:An appalling "science" 2901:. The Associated Press 2864:10.1002/elps.200900197 1429: 956: 810: 559: 477:was a legally defined 457: 446: 438: 354: 40:Color (disambiguation) 38:. For other uses, see 18:Coloured South African 3375:. Struik Publishers. 3304:Welsh, David (2005). 3056:Deumert, Ana (2005). 2203:South African cuisine 1423: 1277:Independent Democrats 1250:Independent Democrats 1069:Chinese South African 954: 929:Union of South Africa 808: 589:, European settlers ( 554: 524:Indian South Africans 479:racial classification 444: 360: 308: 232:Related ethnic groups 145:130,000 (2016 census) 4500:Interracial marriage 4495:Interethnic marriage 4277:Eurasian Singaporean 3436:R. E. Van der Ross, 3422:Vernie A. February, 2759:. February 24, 2011. 2497:South Africa Gateway 2288:Free people of color 1679:improve this section 1520:improve this article 1342:improve this article 1141:improve this article 999:accomplished in 1956 730:Black South Africans 726:White South Africans 656:women and Afrikaner 566:, primarily between 246:White South Africans 165:17,923 (2012 census) 3482:, Doubleday, 1998, 2945:2009Sci...324.1035T 2939:(5930): 1035–1044. 2723:on 13 November 2015 2589:Oxford Dictionaries 2535:2013PLoSO...882224D 2445:on 1 September 2014 2249:South Africa portal 1647:Economic activities 1265:Democratic Alliance 1261:Democratic Alliance 1238:Democratic Alliance 898:Abdullah Abdurahman 425: 1000–3000 /km 185:3,000 (2012 census) 50: 4579:Race of the future 4563:luk khrueng people 2925:Ehret, Christopher 2921:Tishkoff, Sarah A. 2780:. April 20, 2011. 2667:. pp. 77–92. 2416:CIA World Factbook 2303:Khoisan revivalism 1430: 1298:, John Schuurman, 1229:New National Party 1113:Post-apartheid era 1046:Westminster system 1028:could appoint one 957: 917:Transvaal Republic 811: 560: 518:The apartheid-era 447: 439: 433: >3000 /km 417: 300–1000 /km 355: 48: 4587: 4586: 4140: 4139: 3826: 3825: 3488:978-0-385-40911-7 3382:978-1-77007-671-6 3065:Language Sciences 2858:(21): 3657–3664. 2713:978-0-621-41459-2 2684:978-981-13-2897-8 2477:978-1-349-34284-6 2194: 2193: 1932: 1931: 1715: 1714: 1707: 1596: 1595: 1588: 1570: 1456:South West Africa 1418: 1417: 1410: 1392: 1296:Beatrice Marshoff 1257:identity politics 1246:Patricia de Lille 1217: 1216: 1209: 1191: 1018:House of Assembly 921:Orange Free State 888:Pre-apartheid era 806: 576:Dutch east indies 541:Employment Equity 409: 100–300 /km 303: 302: 16:(Redirected from 4637: 4282:Filipino Mestizo 4167: 4160: 4153: 4144: 4143: 4072: 4067: 3955: 3916: 3909: 3902: 3749: 3735: 3728: 3714: 3707: 3700: 3692:Basotho/S. Sotho 3673: 3666: 3652: 3645: 3638: 3631: 3566: 3565: 3546: 3539: 3532: 3523: 3522: 3406:Mohamed Adhikari 3387: 3386: 3368: 3362: 3361:(Login required) 3356: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3343: 3338:on June 18, 2008 3327: 3321: 3320: 3318: 3317: 3301: 3295: 3284: 3278: 3273: 3267: 3264: 3258: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3241: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3209: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3144: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3110: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3062: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3032: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3012: 3003: 3002: 2986: 2975: 2974: 2964: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2890: 2884: 2883: 2847: 2838: 2837: 2827: 2795: 2786: 2785: 2770: 2761: 2760: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2739: 2733: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2722: 2716:. Archived from 2705: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2676: 2660: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2642:. Archived from 2629: 2620: 2605: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2595:on March 9, 2014 2581: 2575: 2574: 2564: 2546: 2513: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2503: 2488: 2482: 2481: 2461: 2455: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2444: 2433: 2425: 2419: 2410: 2404: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2393: 2385: 2251: 2246: 2245: 2244: 2185: 2170: 2157: 2144: 2129: 2114: 2099: 2084: 2069: 2054: 2039: 2024: 2009: 1994: 1979: 1958: 1957: 1922: 1906: 1888: 1870: 1852: 1834: 1816: 1798: 1780: 1762: 1738: 1737: 1710: 1703: 1699: 1696: 1690: 1659: 1651: 1615:Cultural aspects 1591: 1584: 1580: 1577: 1571: 1569: 1528: 1504: 1496: 1436:is also used in 1413: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1393: 1391: 1350: 1326: 1318: 1300:Allan Hendrickse 1285:New Labour Party 1212: 1205: 1201: 1198: 1192: 1190: 1149: 1125: 1117: 1026:governor general 1007:South Africa Act 807: 777:African diaspora 568:Western European 496:, a distinctive 432: 424: 416: 408: 401: 30–100 /km 400: 392: 384: 376: 368: 348: 340: 332: 324: 316: 294:Rehoboth Basters 182: 178: 176: 175: 162: 158: 156: 155: 142: 138: 136: 135: 122: 118: 116: 115: 76:Total population 58: 51: 47: 21: 4645: 4644: 4640: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4635: 4634: 4625:Person of color 4590: 4589: 4588: 4583: 4567: 4541: 4468: 4177: 4171: 4141: 4136: 4080: 4070: 4063: 4033: 4000: 3951: 3912: 3905: 3898: 3875: 3822: 3806: 3754: 3745: 3731: 3724: 3710: 3703: 3696: 3678: 3669: 3662: 3648: 3641: 3634: 3627: 3555: 3550: 3520: 3472: 3396: 3391: 3390: 3383: 3369: 3365: 3357: 3350: 3341: 3339: 3328: 3324: 3315: 3313: 3302: 3298: 3285: 3281: 3274: 3270: 3265: 3261: 3252: 3248: 3239: 3237: 3228: 3227: 3223: 3170: 3166: 3121: 3117: 3108: 3106: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3060: 3054: 3050: 3042: 3038: 3033: 3029: 3021: 3013: 3006: 2987: 2978: 2918: 2914: 2904: 2902: 2891: 2887: 2852:Electrophoresis 2848: 2841: 2796: 2789: 2772: 2771: 2764: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2741: 2740: 2736: 2726: 2724: 2720: 2714: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2685: 2661: 2654: 2646: 2627: 2621: 2608: 2598: 2596: 2583: 2582: 2578: 2514: 2510: 2501: 2499: 2489: 2485: 2478: 2462: 2458: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2431: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2411: 2407: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2363:Person of color 2247: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2205: 2199: 1964:Number in 2011 1937: 1747:% of Coloureds 1732: 1711: 1700: 1694: 1691: 1676: 1660: 1649: 1638: 1617: 1601: 1592: 1581: 1575: 1572: 1529: 1527: 1517: 1505: 1494: 1414: 1403: 1397: 1394: 1351: 1349: 1339: 1327: 1316: 1314:Southern Africa 1213: 1202: 1196: 1193: 1150: 1148: 1138: 1126: 1115: 1088:1983 referendum 949: 890: 885: 839: 796: 722:white supremacy 549: 500:and affiliated 467:communities in 437: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 393: 10–30 /km 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 369: <1 /km 366: 353: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 290:Saint Helenians 199: 173: 171: 153: 151: 133: 131: 113: 111: 59: 46: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4643: 4633: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4620:Creole peoples 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4581: 4575: 4573: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4549: 4547: 4543: 4542: 4540: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4503: 4502: 4497: 4487: 4482: 4476: 4474: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4466: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4448: 4447: 4440: 4426: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4408: 4407: 4400: 4393: 4381: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4356: 4355: 4341: 4340: 4339: 4327: 4320: 4319: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4296: 4291: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4253: 4252: 4237: 4232: 4231: 4230: 4229: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4211:Cape Coloureds 4203: 4196: 4194:Amazonian Jews 4191: 4185: 4183: 4179: 4178: 4170: 4169: 4162: 4155: 4147: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4088: 4086: 4082: 4081: 4079: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4073: 4068: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4051:Telegu/Andhras 4049: 4043: 4041: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4014:Cape Coloureds 4010: 4008: 4002: 4001: 3999: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3957: 3956: 3953:Afrikaner-Jews 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3918: 3917: 3910: 3903: 3891: 3885: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3873: 3872: 3871: 3866: 3856: 3855: 3854: 3851: 3840: 3838: 3828: 3827: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3820: 3816: 3814: 3808: 3807: 3805: 3804: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3764: 3762: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3752: 3751: 3750: 3738: 3737: 3736: 3729: 3717: 3716: 3715: 3708: 3701: 3688: 3686: 3680: 3679: 3677: 3676: 3675: 3674: 3667: 3655: 3654: 3653: 3646: 3639: 3632: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3574: 3572: 3563: 3561:Bantu-speaking 3557: 3556: 3549: 3548: 3541: 3534: 3526: 3519: 3518:External links 3516: 3515: 3514: 3512:978-0795701047 3500: 3490: 3471: 3468: 3467: 3466: 3459: 3448: 3440:, 1993, 36 p. 3434: 3420: 3403: 3395: 3392: 3389: 3388: 3381: 3363: 3348: 3322: 3296: 3286:Graham Leach, 3279: 3268: 3259: 3246: 3221: 3184:(2): 285–292. 3164: 3129:Human Genetics 3115: 3090: 3071:(1): 113–135. 3048: 3036: 3027: 3004: 2976: 2912: 2885: 2839: 2810:(4): 611–620. 2787: 2762: 2748: 2734: 2712: 2690: 2683: 2652: 2649:on 2006-11-08. 2632:Transformation 2606: 2576: 2529:(12): e82224. 2508: 2483: 2476: 2456: 2420: 2405: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2252: 2236: 2233: 2215:based dishes, 2198: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2175: 2174: 2171: 2166: 2165:Not applicable 2162: 2161: 2158: 2153: 2149: 2148: 2145: 2140: 2134: 2133: 2130: 2125: 2119: 2118: 2115: 2110: 2104: 2103: 2100: 2095: 2089: 2088: 2085: 2080: 2074: 2073: 2070: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2055: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2040: 2035: 2029: 2028: 2025: 2020: 2014: 2013: 2010: 2005: 1999: 1998: 1995: 1990: 1984: 1983: 1980: 1975: 1969: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1918: 1914: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1902: 1896: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1884: 1878: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1866: 1860: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1830: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1812: 1806: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1794: 1788: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1776: 1770: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1758: 1752: 1751: 1750:% of province 1748: 1745: 1742: 1731: 1728: 1713: 1712: 1663: 1661: 1654: 1648: 1645: 1637: 1634: 1630:P.J. Philander 1616: 1613: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1508: 1506: 1499: 1493: 1490: 1458:. In Namibia, 1416: 1415: 1330: 1328: 1321: 1315: 1312: 1292:Ebrahim Rasool 1221:National Party 1215: 1214: 1129: 1127: 1120: 1114: 1111: 1086:Following the 1061:Cape Coloureds 1038:Torch Commando 987:National Party 983:J. G. Strijdom 948: 945: 934:National Party 889: 886: 884: 881: 876: 875: 872:Southeast Asia 864: 857: 850: 838: 835: 766:Cape Coloureds 644:, British and 626:Canary islands 548: 545: 436: 435: 429: 427: 421: 419: 413: 411: 405: 403: 397: 395: 389: 387: 385: 3–10 /km 381: 379: 373: 371: 365: 362: 352: 351: 345: 343: 337: 335: 329: 327: 321: 319: 313: 310: 301: 300: 262:Cape Coloureds 234: 233: 229: 228: 220:Predominantly 217: 216: 212: 211: 192: 191: 187: 186: 183: 167: 166: 163: 147: 146: 143: 127: 126: 123: 107: 106: 88: 87: 83: 82: 78: 77: 73: 72: 44: 32:Cape Coloureds 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4642: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4580: 4577: 4576: 4574: 4570: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4544: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4517:One-drop rule 4515: 4513: 4512:Miscegenation 4510: 4508: 4505: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4477: 4475: 4471: 4465: 4464: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4446: 4445: 4441: 4439: 4438: 4434: 4433: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4425: 4424: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4406: 4405: 4401: 4399: 4398: 4394: 4392: 4391: 4387: 4386: 4385: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4354: 4353: 4349: 4348: 4347: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4335: 4334: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4301: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4289: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4257:Anglo-Burmese 4255: 4251: 4250: 4246: 4245: 4244: 4241: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4212: 4209: 4208: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4201: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4175: 4168: 4163: 4161: 4156: 4154: 4149: 4148: 4145: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4076: 4069: 4066: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4036: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4003: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3954: 3950: 3949: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3915: 3911: 3908: 3904: 3901: 3897: 3896: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3861: 3860: 3857: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3845: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3748: 3744: 3743: 3742: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3727: 3723: 3722: 3721: 3720:Pedi/N. Sotho 3718: 3713: 3709: 3706: 3702: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3693: 3690: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3681: 3672: 3668: 3665: 3661: 3660: 3659: 3656: 3651: 3647: 3644: 3640: 3637: 3633: 3630: 3626: 3625: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3547: 3542: 3540: 3535: 3533: 3528: 3527: 3524: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3498: 3497:David’s Story 3494: 3491: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3476:Pamela Jooste 3474: 3473: 3465:, 2006, Seuil 3464: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3447: 3446:9780620178044 3443: 3439: 3435: 3433: 3432:9780710300027 3429: 3425: 3421: 3419: 3418:9780896802445 3415: 3411: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3397: 3384: 3378: 3374: 3367: 3360: 3355: 3353: 3337: 3333: 3326: 3312:on 2011-07-25 3311: 3307: 3300: 3293: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3272: 3263: 3256: 3250: 3236:on 2007-11-21 3235: 3231: 3225: 3217: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3168: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3135:(2): 145–53. 3134: 3130: 3126: 3119: 3105:on 2012-06-16 3104: 3100: 3094: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3059: 3052: 3046: 3040: 3034:Nurse 1975:71 3031: 3020: 3019: 3011: 3009: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2972: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2916: 2900: 2896: 2889: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2846: 2844: 2835: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2794: 2792: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2769: 2767: 2758: 2752: 2744: 2738: 2719: 2715: 2709: 2702: 2701: 2694: 2686: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2666: 2659: 2657: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2626: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2580: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2512: 2498: 2494: 2487: 2479: 2473: 2469: 2468: 2460: 2441: 2437: 2430: 2424: 2417: 2414: 2409: 2390: 2384: 2380: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2343:One-drop rule 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2333:Miscegenation 2331: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2263:Anglo-Burmese 2261: 2259: 2256: 2255: 2250: 2239: 2232: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2204: 2190: 2180: 2177: 2176: 2164: 2163: 2152:Sign language 2151: 2150: 2146: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2124: 2121: 2120: 2109: 2106: 2105: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2079: 2076: 2075: 2064: 2063:Sign language 2061: 2060: 2049: 2046: 2045: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1916: 1915: 1901: 1898: 1897: 1883: 1882:Northern Cape 1880: 1879: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1811: 1810:KwaZulu-Natal 1808: 1807: 1793: 1790: 1789: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1736: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1709: 1706: 1698: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1664:This section 1662: 1658: 1653: 1652: 1644: 1641: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1626:S.V. Petersen 1622: 1621:Kaapse Klopse 1612: 1609: 1605: 1590: 1587: 1579: 1568: 1565: 1561: 1558: 1554: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1540: 1537: – 1536: 1532: 1531:Find sources: 1525: 1521: 1515: 1514: 1509:This section 1507: 1503: 1498: 1497: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1448: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1427: 1422: 1412: 1409: 1401: 1398:February 2021 1390: 1387: 1383: 1380: 1376: 1373: 1369: 1366: 1362: 1359: – 1358: 1354: 1353:Find sources: 1347: 1343: 1337: 1336: 1331:This section 1329: 1325: 1320: 1319: 1311: 1307: 1305: 1304:Trevor Manuel 1301: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1242:Vryheidsfront 1239: 1235: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1211: 1208: 1200: 1197:February 2021 1189: 1186: 1182: 1179: 1175: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1161: 1158: – 1157: 1153: 1152:Find sources: 1146: 1142: 1136: 1135: 1130:This section 1128: 1124: 1119: 1118: 1110: 1108: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1081: 1076: 1072: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1053: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 995:Cape Province 992: 988: 984: 980: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 953: 947:Apartheid era 944: 942: 937: 935: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 909: 907: 903: 899: 895: 880: 873: 869: 866:Peoples from 865: 862: 859:Peoples from 858: 855: 851: 848: 844: 843: 842: 834: 832: 828: 824: 820: 819:Northern Cape 816: 794: 792: 791: 786: 780: 778: 774: 769: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 718: 717:apartheid era 713: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 681: 679: 678:South African 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 634: 631: 627: 623: 619: 614: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 583: 580: 577: 573: 569: 565: 557: 553: 544: 542: 538: 534: 530: 525: 521: 516: 514: 510: 505: 503: 499: 498:Cape Coloured 495: 490: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 470: 466: 463: 459: 455: 451: 443: 428: 420: 412: 404: 396: 388: 380: 377: 1–3 /km 372: 364: 363: 359: 349: 80–100% 344: 336: 328: 320: 312: 311: 307: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 230: 227: 223: 218: 213: 210: 206: 202: 197: 193: 188: 184: 181: 168: 164: 161: 148: 144: 141: 128: 124: 121: 108: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 84: 79: 74: 71: 67: 63: 57: 52: 41: 37: 33: 19: 4485:Ethnogenesis 4461: 4442: 4435: 4428: 4422: 4402: 4395: 4388: 4376: 4369: 4350: 4344: 4329: 4322: 4298: 4286: 4262:Anglo-Indian 4247: 4205: 4199: 4005: 3684:Sotho-Tswana 3503: 3496: 3479: 3462: 3451: 3437: 3423: 3409: 3399: 3394:Bibliography 3372: 3366: 3340:. Retrieved 3336:the original 3325: 3314:. Retrieved 3310:the original 3299: 3287: 3282: 3271: 3262: 3249: 3238:. Retrieved 3234:the original 3224: 3181: 3177: 3167: 3132: 3128: 3118: 3107:. Retrieved 3103:the original 3093: 3068: 3064: 3051: 3039: 3030: 3017: 2990: 2936: 2932: 2915: 2903:. Retrieved 2898: 2888: 2855: 2851: 2807: 2803: 2777: 2751: 2737: 2725:. Retrieved 2718:the original 2699: 2693: 2664: 2644:the original 2631: 2597:. Retrieved 2593:the original 2588: 2579: 2526: 2522: 2511: 2500:. Retrieved 2496: 2486: 2466: 2459: 2447:. Retrieved 2440:the original 2435: 2423: 2415: 2408: 2396:. Retrieved 2383: 2308:Sandra Laing 2258:Anglo-Indian 2206: 2188: 2178: 1938: 1900:Western Cape 1756:Eastern Cape 1733: 1730:Distribution 1724: 1720: 1716: 1701: 1692: 1677:Please help 1665: 1642: 1639: 1618: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1582: 1573: 1563: 1556: 1549: 1542: 1530: 1518:Please help 1513:verification 1510: 1474: 1464: 1452:ethnic group 1445: 1431: 1404: 1395: 1385: 1378: 1371: 1364: 1352: 1340:Please help 1335:verification 1332: 1308: 1289: 1281:Peter Marais 1270: 1254: 1225:Western Cape 1218: 1203: 1194: 1184: 1177: 1170: 1163: 1151: 1139:Please help 1134:verification 1131: 1092:Constitution 1085: 1077: 1073: 1054: 1050: 1034:United Party 1015: 981: 973:Simon's Town 961:District Six 958: 938: 910: 891: 877: 874:: (30- 35%). 840: 823:Eastern Cape 815:Western Cape 812: 788: 784: 781: 770: 714: 704: 682: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 635: 615: 584: 581: 561: 556:Adam Kok III 517: 506: 494:Western Cape 491: 474: 473: 469:South Africa 449: 448: 341: 60–80% 333: 40–60% 325: 20–40% 222:Christianity 120:South Africa 92:South Africa 45:Ethnic group 4507:Melting pot 4417:Mixed-blood 4306:Luso-Asians 4300:Luk khrueng 4174:Multiracial 4097:Zimbabweans 4019:Cape Malays 3996:Zimbabweans 3966:Mozambicans 3869:Strandloper 3636:Gqunukhwebe 2727:30 November 2449:16 February 2358:Pencil test 2298:Indo people 2268:Arab-Berber 2217:koe'sisters 1744:Population 1608:formality. 1535:"Coloureds" 1357:"Coloureds" 1156:"Coloureds" 1065:Cape Malays 913:Cape Colony 852:Indigenous 845:Indigenous 746:Cape Malays 715:During the 662:naturalised 572:Cape Colony 462:multiracial 317: 0–20% 266:Cape Malays 224:, minority 4594:Categories 4272:Dutch Indo 4239:Eurasians 4189:Afro-Asian 4127:Pakistanis 4060:Gujaratis 3981:Portuguese 3971:Norwegians 3907:Cape Dutch 3894:Afrikaners 3583:Mpondomise 3493:Zoë Wicomb 3342:2009-10-23 3316:2009-10-23 3240:2009-10-23 3109:2012-08-01 2999:2022/19854 2585:"coloured" 2502:2024-06-15 2375:References 2293:Half-caste 2201:See also: 2078:isiNdebele 1949:Afrikaners 1864:North West 1846:Mpumalanga 1774:Free State 1695:March 2021 1576:March 2023 1546:newspapers 1442:mixed race 1368:newspapers 1167:newspapers 1103:Parliament 1100:tricameral 1055:Under the 1042:Black Sash 977:Cape Flats 965:Constantia 939:The term " 863:: (21–28%) 856:: (20-36%) 849:: (32–43%) 738:Hottentots 705:mixed race 693:manumitted 689:Adam Kok I 622:Portuguese 547:Background 502:Cape Malay 458:Kleurlinge 274:San people 258:Cape Dutch 250:Afrikaners 4558:Diasporas 4365:Melungeon 4331:Hùnxuě'ér 4243:Amerasian 4206:Coloureds 4112:Nigerians 4006:Coloureds 3914:Huguenots 3773:N'walungu 3198:0002-9297 3085:0388-0001 2640:0258-7696 2634:: 50–74. 2553:1932-6203 2413:"Namibia" 2313:Melungeon 2184:4,616,401 2123:Tshivenda 1978:3,442,164 1973:Afrikaans 1961:Language 1941:Afrikaans 1921:4,615,401 1905:2,840,404 1741:Province 1666:does not 1636:Education 1599:Lifestyle 1460:Coloureds 1432:The term 1273:Cape Town 1078:The 1964 969:Claremont 925:Cape Town 831:Cape Town 827:Afrikaans 785:Coloureds 709:apartheid 658:Trekboers 646:Afrikaner 603:Indonesia 509:Cape Town 483:apartheid 454:Afrikaans 450:Coloureds 196:Afrikaans 190:Languages 66:Kimberley 62:Cape Town 49:Coloureds 4572:See also 4452:Quadroon 4444:mameluco 4352:caiçaras 4337:Chindian 4316:Topasses 4311:Macanese 4294:Kristang 4117:Japanese 3961:Lebanese 3942:Italians 3922:Angolans 3859:Khoekhoe 3785:Hlanganu 3733:Mabelane 3726:Balobedu 3712:Batlokwa 3613:Ndwandwe 3506:, 2000, 3290:(1986), 3216:23332919 3159:24696284 3151:20490549 2971:19407144 2905:18 March 2899:NBC News 2880:19515426 2872:19810027 2834:20346436 2782:Archived 2778:BBC News 2599:14 April 2571:24376522 2523:PLOS ONE 2398:15 March 2273:Burghers 2235:See also 2229:gatsbies 2223:, Malay 2138:Xitsonga 2018:isiXhosa 2003:Setswana 1953:Setswana 1935:Language 1486:Eswatini 1482:Rhodesia 1467:Zimbabwe 1434:Coloured 1024:and the 904:and the 837:Genetics 754:Korannas 701:Khoikhoi 676:or just 666:coloured 607:Malaysia 475:Coloured 278:Khoikhoi 238:Africans 215:Religion 209:Setswana 205:IsiXhosa 160:Zimbabwe 104:Zimbabwe 100:Botswana 70:Pretoria 4532:Plaçage 4527:Passing 4490:Exogamy 4473:History 4457:Sacatra 4437:caboclo 4423:mulatos 4390:castizo 4384:Mestizo 4371:mestiço 4360:Marabou 4345:juçaras 4267:Burgher 4249:Bụi đời 4221:Griquas 4216:Basters 4122:Koreans 4107:Somalis 4102:Chinese 4039:Indians 4029:Oorlams 4024:Griquas 3927:Germans 3889:British 3767:Hlengwe 3705:Bataung 3698:Bakoena 3671:Khumalo 3629:Gcaleka 3598:Ndebele 3207:3567273 2962:2947357 2941:Bibcode 2933:Science 2825:2850426 2562:3869660 2531:Bibcode 2338:Mulatto 2322:Mestiço 2318:Mestizo 2278:Colored 2221:bredies 2209:Bobotie 2197:Cuisine 2108:siSwati 2048:Sesotho 2033:isiZulu 1997:20.49% 1993:945,847 1988:English 1982:74.58% 1887:461,899 1828:Limpopo 1815:141,376 1797:423,594 1792:Gauteng 1761:541,850 1687:removed 1672:sources 1560:scholar 1492:Culture 1447:Basters 1438:Namibia 1382:scholar 1181:scholar 1052:years. 1030:senator 919:or the 883:History 847:Khoisan 773:Negroes 762:Negroes 758:Creoles 750:Griquas 742:Bushmen 734:Indians 674:Khoisan 654:Khoisan 642:Ndebele 618:Spanish 599:British 587:Khoisan 492:In the 481:during 270:Griquas 242:Mulatto 201:English 140:Namibia 96:Namibia 36:Colored 4463:sarará 4404:coyote 4377:ainoko 4235:Dougla 4226:Oorlam 4200:cafuzo 4176:topics 4085:Others 4077:Koknis 4071:Surtis 4065:Memons 4047:Tamils 3932:Greeks 3881:Whites 3803:Thonga 3800:Ndzawu 3794:Dzonga 3788:Nhlave 3782:Rhonga 3776:Gwamba 3760:Tsonga 3747:Balete 3741:Tswana 3650:Xesibe 3618:Thembu 3510: 3486: 3470:Novels 3458:, 1998 3444: 3430: 3416: 3379: 3214: 3204: 3196: 3157: 3149: 3083: 2969: 2959: 2878: 2870: 2832: 2822: 2710: 2681: 2638: 2569: 2559: 2551: 2474: 2189:100.0% 2173:1.60% 2169:74,043 2160:0.12% 2147:0.05% 2132:0.06% 2117:0.09% 2102:0.12% 2093:Sepedi 2087:0.18% 2072:0.26% 2068:11,891 2057:0.50% 2053:23,230 2042:0.52% 2038:23,797 2027:0.55% 2023:25,340 2012:0.87% 2008:40,351 1925:100.0 1917:Total 1912:48.78 1909:61.54 1894:40.31 1891:10.01 1869:71,409 1851:36,611 1833:14,415 1779:83,844 1765:11.74 1628:, and 1562: 1555: 1548: 1541: 1533: 1476:Goffal 1471:Zambia 1384: 1377: 1370: 1363: 1355: 1183: 1176: 1169: 1162: 1154: 1096:Indian 941:kaffir 861:Europe 790:dompas 764:, and 685:creole 650:Griqua 595:French 533:whites 529:blacks 465:ethnic 431: 423: 415: 407: 399: 391: 383: 375: 367: 347: 339: 331: 323: 315: 298:Tswana 180:Zambia 177: 157: 137: 117: 4546:Lists 4430:pardo 4412:Métis 4397:cholo 4182:Terms 4092:Lemba 4054:Hindi 3991:Turks 3986:Serbs 3976:Poles 3937:Irish 3900:Boers 3849:ǃKung 3819:Ngona 3812:Venda 3779:Tswha 3664:Fingo 3643:Gaika 3623:Xhosa 3608:Swazi 3603:Pondo 3593:Hlubi 3588:Fengu 3578:Bhaca 3570:Nguni 3292:p. 70 3155:S2CID 3061:(PDF) 3022:(PDF) 2876:S2CID 2721:(PDF) 2704:(PDF) 2647:(PDF) 2628:(PDF) 2443:(PDF) 2432:(PDF) 2392:(PDF) 2348:Pardo 2328:Métis 2213:snoek 2179:Total 2156:5,702 2143:2,268 2128:2,847 2113:4,056 2098:5,642 2083:8,225 1945:Dutch 1928:8.92 1876:2.03 1873:1.55 1858:0.91 1855:0.79 1840:0.27 1837:0.31 1822:1.38 1819:3.06 1804:3.45 1801:9.18 1786:3.05 1783:1.82 1768:8.26 1567:JSTOR 1553:books 1389:JSTOR 1375:books 1188:JSTOR 1174:books 868:South 854:Bantu 670:black 638:Shona 611:India 591:Dutch 487:Bantu 286:Xhosa 254:Boers 226:Islam 4324:Hapa 4288:Hāfu 4132:Roma 4057:Urdu 3947:Jews 3864:Nama 3853:ǀXam 3834:and 3832:Khoi 3797:Copi 3791:Bila 3770:Xika 3658:Zulu 3508:ISBN 3484:ISBN 3442:ISBN 3428:ISBN 3414:ISBN 3377:ISBN 3212:PMID 3194:ISSN 3147:PMID 3081:ISSN 2967:PMID 2907:2023 2868:PMID 2830:PMID 2729:2016 2708:ISBN 2679:ISBN 2636:ISSN 2601:2014 2567:PMID 2549:ISSN 2472:ISBN 2451:2015 2400:2021 2227:and 2225:roti 1670:any 1668:cite 1539:news 1361:news 1302:and 1244:and 1160:news 870:and 609:and 539:and 282:Zulu 68:and 3844:San 3836:San 3202:PMC 3186:doi 3137:doi 3133:128 3073:doi 2995:hdl 2957:PMC 2949:doi 2937:324 2860:doi 2820:PMC 2812:doi 2669:doi 2557:PMC 2539:doi 1681:by 1522:by 1465:In 1426:CIA 1344:by 1248:'s 1143:by 672:or 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