843:
1818:
1453:
1246:
1258:
1492:
1028:
1234:
1757:
961:
1297:
1208:
403:
1348:
1480:
1516:
827:
1174:
1832:
1285:
1667:
788:
1564:
1324:
2403:
1004:
1147:
815:
2640:
2510:
2395:
2199:
1222:
980:
1372:
1887:
1743:
1528:
2329:
1094:
1504:
1052:
1360:
1844:
509:
325:
2570:
1995:
1336:
1270:
1729:
1431:
1121:
1040:
937:
1468:
992:
1860:
1016:
1552:
1872:
1655:
1786:
761:
1540:
1804:
1133:
1771:
1576:
192:
800:
2488:
2191:
1643:
677:
922:
2000:
1109:
1064:
776:
449:
33:
2833:
2709:
949:
3149:
888:. Unique designs of the north may include having the façade walls of the second level made up of stone material in many buildings, rather than the more common wooden second level façade in the rest of the country. However, buildings built in this style in the region remain faithful to the nipa hut principle. These non-wooden (stone) second level façade walls styles are also present in some of the
140:
286:) standing on wooden posts in a rectangular arrangement as a foundation. The posts are placed behind Spanish-style solid stone blocks or bricks, giving the impression of a first floor. Still, the ground level contains storage rooms, cellars, shops, or other business-related functions. The second floor is the elevated residential apartment, as it is with the
1979:. Churches, fortifications, and palaces fashioned in European styles, though few, became icons and objects of popular imagination. In contrast, the vernacular Bahay na Bato, which was adopted in majority of buildings, prevailed in terms of number of constructions. Except in certain instances, the Register of Styles prescribes tha
2087:– A wooden dish rack that extends outside the kitchen window. After the dishes are washed, they are placed here to be air-dried. The inverted cups are placed on the ends of the wooden sticks and the plates are placed in between or above the slats. On the far left is a tapayan/banga, an earthenware jar that keeps water cool
960:
1162:
445:
using heavier, more permanent materials desirable. Some of these materials included bricks, mortar, tiles, and stone. Glowing accounts of towering palaces and splendid mansions reached the peninsula. However, the ambitious plans of the
Spaniards were dashed in 1645 when a terrible earthquake struck Manila.
2431:– 19th-century Victorian style of fancifully cut and pierced frieze boards, scrolled brackets, sawn balusters, and braced arches, to transform simple frame cottages into one-of-a-kind homes; usually attached to the eaves to make it more decorative and to curving iron rods that help support the media agua
2278:– Hip roof, which has more corners and angles, making it stronger than the dos aguas (gable) or high-pitched roof due to stronger aerodynamics (i.e., more wind resistance); also has the advantage of providing an overhang, which is effective for protecting the house from rainwater and from direct sunlight
691:
may also vary by area. Each region evolved its own building style, which was in many cases dependent on the materials available. As construction techniques were developed, quarries opened, and kilns constructed, various parts of the country began to show a preference for specific building materials.
444:
required all buildings in Manila to be built of stone. For this purpose, the indigenous
Filipinos were taught how to quarry and dress stone, prepare and use mortar, and mould bricks. Thus began what has been called the first golden age of building in stone. This new community setup made construction
1399:
houses. Throughout the
Visayas, the craft of cutting coral stones was virtually elevated into a fine art, with blocks fitting so precisely into each other that not even a razor blade could be inserted between blocks. The material was so durable that it did not have to be protected with a layer of
1312:
Many constructions in the Bicol peninsula took advantage of the abundant volcanic stone from nearby volcanoes. One characteristic of houses in Bicol is that ground-floor overhangs are common, considering the region's rainy climate. Decorations tend to be minimal for these houses. Larger towns in
1615:
particularly the northern style from Ilocos and
Cagayan, but with the use of thick limestone blocks instead of the bricks traditionally used in the northern mainland. In addition, structures incorporated practical methods suitable to their unique environment prone to destructive typhoons. Their
1950:
Intramuros in Manila is the only locality in the
Philippines where, for cultural reasons, the use, height, scale, and aesthetics of all new constructions and development are pre-determined and strictly regulated under the force of a national law. The Register of Styles, as an integral part of
2539:– A cabinet where leftover food and preserves are stored. The doors of the cabinet have slats so that they can absorb air and room temperature inside. To avoid ants from coming up and getting to the food, the legs of the cabinet are placed on containers filled with kerosene or any liquid
2414:– Literally, "chicken seat"; "usually found outside the oficina of a landowner; coming from the Spanish word 'gallo' (chicken), this church bench-inspired settee is used for farmers to place chickens on the cage underneath in exchange for paying cash" (Old Manila Nostalgia blog)
247:
of the
Christianized lowlanders, known for its use of masonry in its construction, using stone and brick materials and later synthetic concrete, rather than just full organic materials of the former style. Its design has evolved throughout the ages, but still maintains the
2449:(brackets) – Either plain calado cut-outs or fully carved embellishments usually placed where beams and columns intersect especially under the soffit or overhanging ceiling outside the house; also seen to decorate door or window openings, hallways or simply dividing spaces
3111:
Pigafetta, Antonio. "First Voyage Around the World" (1525). In The
Philippine Islands: 1493–1898. Vol. XXXIII, 27–267. Edited by Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson. Cleveland, Ohio: A.H. Clark Co., 1903–1909. Reprinted, Mandaluyong, Rizal: Cacho Hermanos,
556:, and some lack both. Some have galvanized roofs, some have tiled roofs, and some have nipa or cogon roofs. Ground-level walls may be made of bricks, adobe, coral, or wood; modern structures typically use concrete. Although retaining the basic form, the 19th-century
575:
was applied to this architecture over generations, as most of these houses use stone materials, contrary to the precolonial era that used little to no stones at all. The same principle applies to the nipa hut: not all nipa huts use nipa materials; some use cogon.
437:. By the mid-1580s, through the efforts of Domingo Salazar, the first bishop of Manila, and of the Jesuit Antonio Sedeño, edifices began to be constructed of stone. Fr. Sedeño built the first stone building, which was the residence of Bishop Salazar.
579:
Though many houses are built in standard design, many houses are also mixed, arranged, patterned and/or coated with varieties of designs from different architectural styles from cultures connected to the
Philippines, by any means, including
488:
or as Jesuit
Ignacio Alzina calls it, "arquitectura mestiza" or “mixed architecture”. Under more than three centuries of Spanish initiative, buildings of wood, stone, and brick were constructed all over the archipelago, from the
3050:
Hargrove, Thomas R. "Submerged
Spanish-Era Towns in Lake Taal, Philippines: An Underwater and Archival Investigation of a Legend." International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration, Vol. XV, No. 4 (1986):
1974:
and cosmopolitan. While its Church and State buildings were European in orientation, albeit adapted and localized, most of the buildings enclaved within its walls embraced tropical vernacular constructions as exemplified by the
475:
The twin dangers of fire and earthquake gave rise to another type of architecture. Finding European construction styles impractical in local conditions, Spanish and Filipino builders quickly adapted the characteristics of the
1959:, the former Administrator of Intramuros. Being an integral part of Presidential Decree No. 1616, the Register of Styles is the only architectural stylebook in the Philippines with the force and potency of a national law.
379:
means "house of stone", these houses are not entirely made up of stone; some are dominated more by wooden materials, while some more modern ones use concrete materials, in contrast to the organic materials that make up the
1954:
The Register of Styles is the first document to detail the historical styles of Intramuros. It was authored by Rancho Arcilla, who was then the Archivist of the Intramural Administration, and under the initiative of
1624:, having storage areas below and living quarters above. However, the storage floor is partially underground, acting as a basement, and the first floor serves as living quarters, appearing as a one-story house. The
966:
The Northern Luzon variant's most common feature is brick up to the second floor facade, in contrast with the common wooden second floor facade in other provinces. This particular building is the convent of
2422:– A carved stone grotesque with a spout designed to convey water from a roof and away from the side of a building, thereby preventing rainwater from running down masonry walls and eroding the mortar between
2443:– A once popular signature four-poster bed design that was carved by a famous Chinese furniture maker named Eduardo Ah Tay. To have this bed was considered a symbol of status during the Spanish era.
842:
310:), with later 19th-century designs featuring galvanization. Roof styles are traditionally high pitched and include the gable roof, hip roof, and a traditional combination of both (similar to the
2344:– Mezzanine; literally meaning "between floors", this is the area where clients, tenants or estate managers (if the owner was a rich landowner) wait before being admitted to the oficina (office)
1201:, in its heritage core, where ancestral houses are located. Since adobe lends itself to sculpture, houses in Bulacan had façades decorated with carved flowers, leaves, and religious symbols.
2722:– Literally 'small window'; "sliding panels between the floor and windows" to allow more air and light; "usually protected by balustrades which can either be wooden or wrought iron grills"
426:
roofs were made of nipa palm or cogon grass. In its most basic form, the house consisted of four walls enclosing one or more rooms, with the whole structure raised above ground on stilts.
3060:
Huerta, Felix de. Estado geografico, topografico, estadistico, historico-religioso de la santa y apostolica provincia de San Gregorio Magno. Manila: Imprenta de los Amigos del Pais, 1855.
1257:
276:, supporting the fact that the Philippines is a result of these cultures mixing. Its most common appearance features an elevated, overhanging wooden upper story (with balustrades,
3099:
Merino, Luis. Arquitectura y urbanismo en el siglo XIX, estudios sobre el municipio de Manila. Vol. II. Manila: Centro Cultural de España and the Intramuros Administration, 1987.
1245:
321:
It was popular among the elite or middle-class. The 19th century was the high point of these houses’ construction, when wealthy Filipinos built them all over the archipelago.
2593:– "(From Italian) a porch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls"
1323:
1628:
style, however, upholds the mainland tradition of having the first floor as storage and the second floor as living quarters, appearing as a two-storey house. The mainland
1491:
826:
3041:
Gomez Piñol, Emilio. Aspectos generales de la relacion entre el arte Indo Portugues y el Hispano Filipino. Seminario de Historia de America: Universidad de Sevilla, 1973.
418:
which are made of wood and bamboo materials, a type of construction with which the pre-Hispanic indigenous Filipinos had been working expertly since early times known as
3057:
Hornedo, Florentino H. "The Tumauini Church: Praise of Sublime Labor in Clay." Filipino Times, February 23 – March 1 and March 2–8, 1987, 1, 5, 7 and 1, 6 respectively.
2477:") – colorful Mediterranean-style cement tiles used for the zaguan flooring, often in harlequin pattern; manufactured by the Machuca company; another brand is Majolica
1817:
3066:
Jorde, Elviro P. Catalogo de los religiosos perteniente a la provincia del Smo. Nombre de Jesus de Filipinas desde su fundacion hasta nuestros dias. Manila: 1901.
3084:
Kubler, George and Martin Soria. Art and Architecture in Spain and Portugal and their American Dominions 1500 to 1800. Great Britain: Penguin Books Ltd., 1959.
3063:
Javellana, Rene. Wood and Stone for God's Greater Glory: Jesuit Art and Architecture in the Philippines. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1991.
3090:
Legarda, Benito F. "Angels in Clay: The Typical Cagayan Church Style." Filipinas Journal of Science and Culture, Vol. II. Makati: Filipinas Foundation, 1981.
567:
that have emerging stone works at the bottom part of the house but have almost wooden materials appearance even to the first level walls are still considered
3118:
Repetti, William C. Pictorial Records and Traces of the Society of Jesus in the Philippine Islands and Guam Prior to 1768. Manila: Manila Observatory, 1938.
2212:– A sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a Pilaster, column or a pillar etc. supporting an entablature on her head
1951:
Presidential Decree No. 1616, is the main legal document prescribing and guiding the implementation of pre-war architectural colonial styles in Intramuros.
1296:
1756:
3044:
Gonzales, Jose Ma. Labor evangelica y civilizadora de los religiosos Dominicos en Pangasinan (1587–1898). Manila: University of Santo Tomas Press, 1946.
738:; by the second half of the 19th century it was the most important commercial district in the country. The opening of Manila as a free port encouraged
915:(an overhanging balcony) disappeared in many residences, and the kitchen became an extension in stone, with vents piercing the walls to let out smoke.
336:
The same architectural style was used for Spanish-era convents, monasteries, schools, hotels, factories, and hospitals, with some of the American-era
1515:
1347:
3078:
Kelemen, Pal. Baroque and Rococo in Latin America. 1st ed. New York: The MacMillan Company, 1951. 2nd ed. New York: Dover Publications Inc., 1967.
2533:– Pressed tin or copper ceiling from maybe late Victorian to early American colonial period, to prevent decay by moisture or worms (or even mouse)
3115:
Reed, Robert R. Colonial Manila. The Context of Hispanic Urbanism and Process of Morphogenesis. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.
1420:
but uses wooden wall instead of stone walls covering the bottom floor. These arts were brought by the Visayan settlers to the coastal towns of
1284:
3096:
Marco Dorta, Enrique. Arte en America y Filipinas Ars Hispaniae: Historia Universal del Arte Hispanico. 21 Madrid: Editorial Plus-Ultra, 1973.
2521:– A strip of material (such as wood or metal) with some design or pattern that is used as a decoration on a wall, on the edge of a table, etc.
3081:
________. Art of the Americas—Ancient and Hispanic, with a Comparative Chapter on the Philippines. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1969.
1207:
1173:
1430:
3087:
Klassen, Winand. Architecture in the Philippines: Filipino Building in a Cross-Cultural Context. Cebu City: University of San Carlos, 1986.
1233:
3035:
Diaz-Trechuelo, Lourdes. Arquitectura Española en Filipinas (1565–1800). Sevilla: Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos de Sevilla, 1959.
2728:– "An enclosed overhanging balcony"; "a gallery (along the elaborate system of windows) which protects the rooms from the heat of the sun"
1479:
2782:
2565:– False pillar used to give the appearance of a supporting column and to articulate an extent of wall, with only an ornamental function
341:
234:
787:
3102:
Mojares, Resil B. Casa Gorodo in Cebu—Urban Residence in a Philippine Province, 1860–1920. Cebu: Ramon Aboitiz Foundation Inc., 1983.
2499:– Canopy or roof shed, consisting of a piece of metal roof that protects the window from rain or heat; not to be confused with awning
979:
3038:
Galende, Pedro. Angels in Stone: The Architecture of Augustinian Churches in the Philippines. Manila: C. Formoso Publishing, 1987.
1831:
1003:
2787:
1708:
1079:
Calabarzon has some of the most thoroughly preserved heritage houses, built mostly using adobe stones. Towns along the coasts of
3124:
Rodriguez, Isacio R. The Augustinian Monastery of Intramuros. Translated by Pedro Galende. Makati: Colegio de San Agustin, 1976.
3121:
Roces, Alfredo R., ed. Filipino Heritage: The Making of a Nation. Vols. I-X. Manila: Lahing Pilipino Publishing Inc., 1977–1978.
2117:– The rear part of the house used for washing and water storage, with a flooring often made of slatted bamboo; more a part of a
1527:
1027:
727:
were of adobe, a volcanic tuff quarried from the hills, which is entirely different from the material of the same name found in
1563:
2025:– Apartment-type dwelling characterized by common party walls shared by adjoining units with a separate door in front of each
260:
of the Philippines, and fuses it with the influence of Spanish colonizers. It is one of the many architecture throughout the
3127:
Smith, Winfield Scott III, ed. Art of the Philippines, 1521–1957. Manila: The Art Association of the Philippines Inc., 1958.
1359:
731:(adobe in those Hispanic countries refers to mud and straw formed into rectangular blocks which are then dried in the sun).
97:
2718:
2004:
278:
1843:
814:
648:
architecture, the civilizations from which Spanish culture descend. Classical traditions in these houses also appeared in
69:
3093:
Lopez, Renato. "History of Santa Barbara in Pangasinan during the Spanish Time." Ilocos Review, Vol. XVI (1984): 75–133.
2760:
1146:
968:
397:
356:
3072:
________. "Felix Roxas and the Gothicizing of Earthquake Baroque." 1030 Hidalgo. Vol. II. Manila: MARA Inc., 1986, 7–26.
1503:
1335:
1269:
1015:
3174:
1886:
1762:
1395:
uses coral stone material though many are still adobe and bricks. Cebu, Bohol, Negros, and Iloilo are famous for their
664:
during the latter era of American rule, and even through the postwar period of loose restoration. These mixes give the
2740:– Ground floor (literally "passageway" in Arabic) to accommodate horse carriages and carrozas (processional carriages)
524:
in the background), once dubbed as the most beautiful street in Manila. Manila during the early 1900s was filled with
936:
760:
433:
to the idea of building more permanent communities with the church and government as focal points inherited from the
176:
116:
76:
3011:
Ahlborn, Richard. "Spanish-Philippine Churches: An Interpretation." Exchange News Quarterly (October–December 1958).
1093:
911:, many homeowners built both stories in brick, which was available in large quantities. With the massive walls, the
1666:
1221:
617:
3133:
Zialcita, Fernando N. and Martin I. Tinio Jr. Philippine Ancestral Houses 1810 1930. Quezon City: GCF Books, 1980.
2234:– A small, thin decorative column supporting a beam (horizontal timber) or lintel (beam spanning a door or window)
2062:– Open-air balcony beside the kitchen that housed a cistern (aljibe) and the bathroom, and was usually a work area
1051:
2755:
1785:
1603:. As the islands of Batanes were absorbed to the colonial Philippines much later through Spanish conquest, their
592:
etc. These houses could have an unprecedented mixing and matching of architectural styles, such that it can have
2483:– An architectural ornament representing a face or head, human or animal, that is often grotesque or frightening
3153:
2918:
2660:– "Glass colored or stained (as by fusing metallic oxides into it) for decorative applications (as in windows)"
1940:
1742:
402:
158:
83:
54:
50:
921:
3014:
________. "The Spanish Churches of Central Luzon (I)." Philippine Studies, Vol. VIII (October 1960), 802–813.
2812:
1913:
1795:
1371:
734:
In Manila, the largest, fanciest, and most prestigious companies eventually established themselves along the
521:
481:
311:
17:
2792:
601:
460:
410:
Precolonial Philippine architecture is based on the traditional stilt houses of the Austronesian people of
1467:
1120:
884:; houses and churches of brick were also built in scattered areas of the archipelago, all the way down to
65:
1947:
is the agency of the Philippine Government responsible for the implementation of the Register of Styles.
1039:
991:
150:
3029:
Cordero-Fernando, Gilda, ed. "The House With No Nails." In Turn of the Century. Manila: GCF Books, 1978.
2750:
1970:
or backyards were exceptionally well adapted to the climate. By style Intramuros was described as both
1871:
1859:
1213:
2981:
2018:
vary from building to building, and houses may have or lack certain elements from the following list:
2260:– A ledge or generally any horizontal decorative moulding that crowns a building or furniture element
1944:
1700:
1683:
1575:
1132:
621:
337:
1770:
1551:
1108:
715:, ranging from the early period of Spanish colonization to the American era. Many were destroyed by
2676:– "A style of painting in which things are painted in a way that makes them look like real objects"
1962:
By form, the urban landscape of Intramuros mostly lacked setbacks, with buildings that were mostly
1728:
2623:– Main living room, a place for late-afternoon parties called tertulias and dances called "bailes"
2220:– Any high windows above eye level to bring outside light, fresh air, or both into the inner space
1939:
The Register became part of Presidential Decree No. 1616, as amended, when it was gazetted by the
1458:
2943:
2685:
2663:
2402:
1971:
1539:
649:
585:
43:
1803:
1692:
architecture to the Spanish colonial style. As a result, many of these buildings end up being a
1607:
developed much later as well. Structures combined the pre-colonial Ivatan-style (presumably the
1161:
775:
3169:
3023:
Castañeda, Dominador. Art in the Philippines. Quezon City: University of the Philippines, 1964.
2639:
2509:
2394:
2198:
2171:
1138:
613:
589:
196:
3075:
________. Simbahan: Church Art in Colonial Philippines, 1565–1898. Makati: Ayala Museum, 1991.
3026:"Christian Beginnings in Ilocandia." Ilocos Review, Vol. II, Nos. 1–2 (January December 1971).
2162:– Lace-style fretwork or latticework used to adorn room dividers and to allow air to circulate
1654:
750:, and other foreigners to set up businesses on the Escolta and adjacent streets, and majestic
1704:
348:, construction of these houses declined and eventually stopped in favor of post-World War II
273:
3136:
Zobel de Ayala, Fernando. Philippine Religious Imagery. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila, 1963.
3020:
Bañas, Raymundo C. A Brief Sketch of Philippine Catholic Churches. Manila: The Author, 1937.
668:
a distinct architectural style reflective of the Philippines' unified cultures and society.
612:
reflected changing tastes through the incorporation of motifs from prevalent styles such as
2066:
799:
637:
605:
581:
564:
468:
452:
430:
419:
269:
265:
90:
2899:
1748:
1716:
1197:
and many in Central Luzon are famous for their carvings. The most notable ones are in the
1063:
8:
2034:
1823:
1688:
Many convents, monasteries, schools, hospitals, offices, stations, etc. also adapted the
645:
349:
307:
2328:
656:
also greatly influenced the mixing of styles and aesthetics of these houses. Many later
3032:
Coseteng, Alicia M.L. Spanish Churches in the Philippines. Manila: Mercury Press, 1972.
2770:
2703:
2182:
2156:– Landing on the upper entrance hall; foyer of the second floor; also called "antesala"
2008:
711:, the capital of the Philippines, has some of the most diverse styles and materials of
553:
508:
283:
2672:
324:
2696:– "A length of decorative drapery hung above a window to screen the curtain fittings"
2569:
2254:– A projection jutting out from a wall to support a structure above it; also "braces"
2176:– Topmost member of a column (or pilaster) mediating between the column and the load"
2144:– Series of often diagonal braces placed in support of the volada on the second floor
1275:
1099:
708:
372:
218:
3069:
Jose, Regalado Trota. "How to Recognize Rococo Art." Art Collector (September 1984).
3047:
Gonzales, Julio. The Batanes Islands. Manila: University of Santo Tomas Press, 1969.
2384:– Storage room for salted food, etc.; placed on the wall of the house facing outside
1642:
2635:– "American chairs, considered the Monobloc chairs of their time (due to ubiquity)"
2426:
1994:
1809:
441:
253:
222:
1776:
1712:
948:
869:, usually bases its design on brick materials. This material is commonly used in
544:
Different styles depend on each house's individual appearance. For example, some
303:
200:
2962:
1329:
Painting of 1800s Nueva Caceres (modern-day Naga), with its buildings and houses
719:. However, the Metro Manila area still has one of the largest concentrations of
3105:
Niño, Andres G. San Agustin of Manila. Manila: The Augustinian Monastery, 1975.
2668:– "Transverse horizontal structural beam or bar" often in floral tracery design
2111:– "Buntis" (or bombere, pregnant) grillwork on windows, to accommodate planters
1963:
1877:
805:
739:
517:
411:
299:
261:
597:
3163:
1956:
1917:
1592:
874:
866:
747:
728:
724:
560:
reflected changing tastes by incorporating motifs from the prevalent styles.
2807:
1850:
1792:
716:
533:
513:
434:
345:
1929:
1734:
653:
257:
238:
2487:
2190:
2071:– A column, pilaster and other decorative features in the shape of a man
414:. The first buildings during the early years of Spanish occupation were
340:, all with few adjustments. This architecture was still used during the
3054:
Hargrove, Thomas R. The Mysteries of Taal. Manila: Bookmark Inc., 1991.
2802:
2765:
1921:
908:
885:
767:
676:
415:
191:
3130:"Witnesses to Past Presences." Augustinian Mirror (April 1956), 41–58.
2527:– Prayer room with an altar of Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the saints
1999:
2797:
2690:– triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, door or window
2491:
Details of intricate woodwork at the Lopez House in Balayan, Batangas
2230:
1967:
1907:
1440:
593:
494:
295:
32:
2561:
2418:
2284:– A platform in the kitchen where the kalan or clay stove is placed
2208:
2186:– Typically sliding windows made with capiz shells cut into squares
2082:
1421:
1084:
865:
in the Philippines. The unique style of the north, commonly in the
661:
633:
629:
536:, the American and Japanese forces destroyed many of these houses.
464:
448:
393:
243:
2364:– Dining room cabinet where chinaware and silverware are displayed
1153:
892:
of other regions besides the north, like the 1730 Jesuit house of
290:. The roof materials are either Spanish-style curving clay tiles (
2775:
2708:
2333:
2306:
2266:– A space enclosed by walls and is open to the sky; has a balcony
1719:, and many other church convents which are still standing today.
1596:
1444:
1392:
1198:
1194:
897:
873:, churches and other constructed buildings, walls, monuments and
743:
735:
498:
490:
3017:
El Archipielago. Washington DC: Government Printing Press, 1900.
700:
in Cebu, for example, differs from the one in Ilocos and so on.
3148:
2702:– "Wooden window panel that uses a grid pattern with flattened
2368:
2250:
1925:
1896:
1892:
928:
641:
625:
256:, stormy season, and earthquake-prone environment of the whole
2226:– Kitchen, which was typically built separately from the house
2388:
1408:
Visayan noble settlements are also dominated by mansion-type
1080:
881:
502:
384:. The name was applied to the architecture over generations.
2834:"Here's A Complete List Of The 46 Parts of A Filipino House"
2392:– The part of a wall that encloses the end of a pitched roof
2358:– A large chest of drawers, commonly adorned with inlay work
2014:
As with any vernacular architecture, different features of
1936:
as the default style for new constructions in Intramuros.
1900:
893:
1983:
as the default style for new constructions in Intramuros.
359:, due to most ancestral homes in the Philippines being of
2310:– A simplified and localized version of the ones in China
1263:
Bonga Menor Mayor Perez Ancestral Houses, Bustos, Bulacan
2378:– A usually foliated ornament forming an upper extremity
264:
known as Arquitectura mestiza. The style is a hybrid of
2587:– Horse carriage porch or portico at the main entrance
1497:
Victor Fernandez Gaston ancestral house, Silay, Negros
880:
Brick was the essential building material in northern
608:. Although retaining the basic form, the 19th-century
2706:"; often in sliding style, as opposed to flinging out
2581:– Aparador or cabinet for kitchenware (chiefly china)
1087:, used roughly hewn blocks of coral and adobe stone.
604:
details in the same corners – that is, on top of the
455:
Spanish colonial-era nipa mansion, a "1st transition
314:). Horses for carriages are housed in stables called
2557:– Chinese stone used to pave the floor of the zaguan
252:'s architectural principle, which is adapted to the
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3108:Orlina, Paulina Gahol. Taal. n.d., 1976. Brochure.
1908:Bahay na Bato in the Intramuros Register of Styles
2913:
2911:
2599:– "Door of the entrada principal (main entrance)"
3161:
2712:Some Bahay na Bato are falling into abandonment.
1715:, AMOSUP hospital, Hotel de Oriente in Binondo,
1452:
696:have several variations along ethnic lines. The
2150:– A version of silla perezosa with no leg rests
233:, is a type of building originating during the
153:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
2908:
861:Northern Luzon has some of the best preserved
241:. It is an updated version of the traditional
2605:– "small cut door that is part of the puerta"
2121:(but may be present as well at the rear of a
355:Today, these houses are more commonly called
2467:– Wall used in place of posts to bear weight
484:. This type of construction was soon called
2654:– Typical wicker weave pattern in furniture
1986:
1302:Catalino Sevilla House, San Miguel, Bulacan
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1998:
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2136:Bentwood beech chairs and other furniture
985:A colonial-era house in Vigan, Ilocos Sur
177:Learn how and when to remove this message
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
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2168:– Long bench, a staple item in the caida
2105:– railing or balustrade (usually wooden)
1993:
1932:. The Register of Styles prescribes the
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507:
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401:
342:American colonization of the Philippines
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190:
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2788:Colonial architecture of Southeast Asia
1709:San Juan de Dios Educational Foundation
1699:Examples of such buildings include the
429:The Spaniards then quickly introduced
14:
3162:
2958:
2956:
2783:History of the Philippines (1565–1898)
1521:Oppus ancestral house in Maasin, Leyte
272:; and later, with early 20th-century
2986:Lawphil Intramuros Register of Styles
2851:
2324:– Column in support of the roof above
1290:Gosioco Mansion, Santa Rita, Pampanga
793:Kapitan Moy ancestral house, Marikina
723:houses. Most buildings in Manila and
2831:
1632:influence is very much clear in the
1533:Bongabong house, Alburquerque, Bohol
1341:A dental clinic in Guinobatan, Albay
1251:Constantino House, Balagtas, Bulacan
942:Father Burgos ancestral house, Vigan
671:
133:
129:Style of Filipino house architecture
55:adding citations to reliable sources
26:
2953:
2948:Rules and Regulations in Intramuros
2937:
1941:Official Gazette of the Philippines
1924:, the historic core of the City of
1620:, which is similar to the mainland
1365:Vinzon House, Daet, Camarines Norte
1009:Edralin House, Sarrat, Ilocos Norte
398:Ancestral houses of the Philippines
24:
1763:Camarines Sur National High School
1677:
1616:variant styles include the common
1353:Manalang house, Tabaco City, Albay
221:for "stone house"), also known in
25:
3186:
3141:
2944:Intramuros Administration Website
2336:, Rizal Ancestral house interior.
1443:with its Coral stones typical to
1179:Eulogio Rodriguez ancestral house
900:. The wooden second level façade
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480:of the natives and applied it to
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467:, known for its sculpted wooden
406:House in Luneta with thatch roof
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31:
2756:Architecture of the Philippines
2246:– Toilet; also called "latrina"
1599:have a very different style of
1509:Clarin ancestral house in Bohol
1021:Luna House, Badoc, Ilocos Norte
832:A perfume factory built in the
703:
42:needs additional citations for
2991:
2919:"List: Parts of Bahay na Bato"
2138:– Imported dark wood furniture
766:Inside the old walled city of
660:adapted design styles such as
652:later in history. The dawn of
13:
1:
3004:
2967:Intramuros Register of Styles
2963:Intramuros Register of Styles
2813:Spanish colonial architecture
2050:– Armoire with three sections
1914:Intramuros Register of Styles
1074:
482:Spanish Colonial architecture
312:East Asian hip-and-gable roof
2818:
2793:Sino-Portuguese architecture
2302:– Gable or high-pitched roof
1611:and colonial Filipino-style
1485:Yap-Sandiego ancestral house
528:architecture on its streets.
461:Balingasag, Misamis Oriental
366:
7:
2744:
2531:Painted metal sheet ceiling
2507:– Lighthouse; lookout tower
1114:Old house in Taal, Batangas
624:decorations which included
459:style" house in Poblacion,
284:capiz-shell sliding windows
10:
3191:
2751:Culture of the Philippines
2682:– Philippine rocking chair
1681:
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1214:Baliuag Museum and Library
848:A Manila canal lined with
440:By 1587, Governor General
391:
387:
3175:Houses in the Philippines
2997:Old Manila Nostalgia blog
1945:Intramuros Administration
1701:University of Santo Tomas
1684:Gabaldon School Buildings
1569:Ancestral house in Iloilo
1167:Casa Comunidad de Tayabas
907:In Vigan, the capital of
539:
420:Austronesian architecture
338:Gabaldon school buildings
2290:– Office; also "oficina"
1307:
927:Cariño ancestral house,
820:Raymundo ancestral house
493:Islands in the north to
2629:– Secondary living room
2316:– Bottom edge of a roof
1581:Ancestral house in Cebu
1473:Panares ancestral house
836:style along the Escolta
781:Casa Manila, Intramuros
332:Philippine architecture
235:Spanish colonial period
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2194:Bahay na Bato interior
2048:Aparador de tres lunas
2011:
1943:on June 17, 2022. The
1865:Museo de Loboc/Convent
1416:), which forms like a
1139:Cuenca Ancestral House
1126:Felipe Agoncillo house
1057:Ruined house in Ilocos
997:Calle Crisologo, Vigan
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1705:Colegio de Santa Rosa
1045:Quema ancestral house
754:buildings were built.
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516:Calle Sebastian (now
511:
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274:American architecture
194:
3156:at Wikimedia Commons
2573:Ground floor chamber
2473:(formerly known as "
2455:– Kitchen sideboards
2003:Facade with volada,
1964:terraced (rowhouses)
1837:El Amanecer Building
565:Vega Ancestral House
522:San Sebastian Church
453:Vega Ancestral House
431:Spanish architecture
270:Spanish architecture
51:improve this article
2904:– via Scribd.
2617:– Ceiling cloth fan
1824:Zamboanga City Hall
1278:, Angeles, Pampanga
618:Renaissance Revival
563:Houses such as the
552:, some do not have
497:in the south, from
350:modern architecture
2771:Earthquake Baroque
2734:– Gingerbread trim
2714:
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2575:
2515:
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2012:
1918:architectural code
1796:San Juan de Letran
1557:Casa Faigao, Bohol
1227:Gapan, Nueva Ecija
685:
530:
473:
408:
334:
298:with leaves (like
209:
157:You can assist by
3152:Media related to
2832:Martinez, Glenn.
2704:Capiz-shell panes
2633:Sillas americanas
2519:Moulding, molding
2475:baldozas mosaicas
2465:Load-bearing wall
2437:– Four-poster bed
2131:– Traveling trunk
2075:Balconaje, Balcon
1749:Malacañang Palace
1717:Malacañang Palace
1545:Casa Rocha, Bohol
1313:Bicol boast many
1276:Pamintuan Mansion
1152:Alberto Mansion,
1100:Marcela Agoncillo
672:Regional variants
223:Visayan languages
203:is an example of
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16:(Redirected from
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2925:. March 15, 2014
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2427:Gingerbread trim
2264:Court, courtyard
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412:Southeast Asia
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328:An example of
262:Spanish Empire
231:balay nga bato
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2859:
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2855:
2839:
2835:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
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2801:
2799:
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2777:
2774:
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2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2732:Yerong pukpok
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2658:Stained glass
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2585:Porte cochere
2583:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
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2532:
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2523:
2520:
2517:
2511:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2471:Machuca tiles
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
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2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
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2416:
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2396:
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2309:
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2298:
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2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2240:– Dining room
2239:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2192:
2185:
2184:
2183:Capiz windows
2180:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2123:bahay na bato
2120:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:bahay na bato
2010:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1989:bahay na bato
1984:
1982:
1981:Bahay na bato
1978:
1977:Bahay na bato
1973:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1957:Guiller Asido
1952:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1934:Bahay na bato
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1868:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1840:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1767:
1764:
1758:
1753:
1750:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1730:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1694:bahay na bato
1691:
1685:
1668:
1663:
1656:
1651:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1630:bahay na bato
1627:
1623:
1622:bahay na bato
1619:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1605:bahay na bato
1602:
1601:bahay na bato
1598:
1594:
1593:Ivatan people
1577:
1572:
1565:
1560:
1553:
1548:
1541:
1536:
1529:
1524:
1517:
1512:
1505:
1500:
1493:
1488:
1481:
1476:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1437:Bahay na bato
1432:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1418:bahay na bato
1415:
1411:
1407:
1406:bahay na bato
1404:. Aside from
1403:
1398:
1397:bahay na bato
1394:
1390:
1389:bahay na bato
1373:
1368:
1361:
1356:
1349:
1344:
1337:
1332:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:bahay na bato
1298:
1293:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1266:
1259:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1235:
1230:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1191:bahay na bato
1185:Central Luzon
1175:
1170:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1148:
1143:
1140:
1134:
1129:
1122:
1117:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1065:
1060:
1053:
1048:
1041:
1036:
1029:
1024:
1017:
1012:
1005:
1000:
993:
988:
981:
976:
975:
970:
969:Sarrat Church
962:
957:
950:
945:
938:
933:
930:
923:
918:
917:
916:
914:
910:
905:
903:
902:bahay na bato
899:
895:
891:
890:bahay na bato
887:
883:
878:
876:
875:fortification
872:
871:bahay na bato
868:
867:Ilocos Region
864:
863:bahay na bato
851:
850:bahay na bato
844:
839:
835:
834:bahay na bato
828:
823:
816:
811:
807:
801:
796:
789:
784:
777:
772:
769:
762:
757:
756:
755:
753:
752:bahay na bato
749:
748:French people
745:
741:
737:
732:
730:
729:Latin America
726:
725:Central Luzon
722:
721:bahay na bato
718:
714:
713:bahay na bato
710:
701:
699:
698:bahay na bato
695:
694:bahay na bato
692:As a result,
690:
689:bahay na bato
687:The style of
682:
681:Bahay na bato
678:
669:
667:
666:bahay na bato
663:
659:
658:bahay na bato
655:
651:
647:
644:adopted from
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
610:bahay na bato
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
577:
574:
573:bahay na bato
570:
569:bahay na bato
566:
561:
559:
558:bahay na bato
555:
554:Capiz windows
551:
547:
546:bahay na bato
537:
535:
527:
526:bahay na bato
523:
519:
515:
510:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
486:bahay na bato
483:
479:
470:
466:
462:
458:
457:bahay na bato
454:
450:
446:
443:
438:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
404:
399:
395:
385:
383:
378:
377:bahay na bato
374:
364:
362:
361:bahay na bato
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
331:
330:bahay na bato
326:
322:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:teja de curva
289:
285:
281:
280:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
245:
240:
236:
232:
228:
227:baláy na bató
224:
220:
216:
215:
214:báhay na bató
206:
205:bahay na bato
202:
198:
193:
189:
181:
178:
170:
160:
154:
152:
147:This article
145:
136:
135:
132:
121:
118:
110:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
18:Bahay na Bato
2993:
2988:May 1, 2023.
2985:
2969:May 1, 2023.
2966:
2950:May 1, 2023.
2947:
2939:
2927:. Retrieved
2922:
2900:
2843:September 2,
2841:. Retrieved
2837:
2827:
2808:Rumah melayu
2737:
2731:
2725:
2717:
2699:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2673:Trompe-l'Ĺ“il
2671:
2664:
2657:
2651:
2648:– Lazy chair
2645:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2560:
2555:Piedra china
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2504:
2496:
2480:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2425:
2417:
2411:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2341:
2321:
2313:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2276:Cuatro aguas
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2207:
2181:
2172:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2128:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2028:
2022:
2015:
2013:
2009:capiz window
1988:
1980:
1976:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1938:
1933:
1916:is the main
1911:
1851:World War II
1793:World War II
1735:Lazi Convent
1721:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1687:
1660:Sinadumparan
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1618:sinadumparan
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1436:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1388:
1386:
1314:
1311:
1190:
1188:
1078:
912:
906:
901:
889:
879:
870:
862:
860:
849:
833:
751:
733:
720:
717:World War II
712:
707:
704:Metro Manila
697:
693:
688:
686:
680:
665:
657:
622:Neoclassical
609:
578:
572:
568:
562:
557:
549:
548:do not have
545:
543:
534:World War II
531:
525:
514:World War II
505:in the east.
485:
477:
474:
456:
439:
428:
423:
409:
381:
376:
370:
360:
354:
344:. After the
335:
329:
320:
316:caballerizas
315:
291:
287:
277:
266:Austronesian
249:
242:
230:
226:
213:
212:
210:
204:
197:Rizal Shrine
188:
173:
164:
151:copy editing
149:may require
148:
131:
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
2680:Tumba-tumba
2611:– Clay oven
2537:Paminggalan
2497:Media aguas
2332:Casa Oleta
2202:kama or Bed
2103:Barandillas
1987:Parts of a
1930:Philippines
954:Vigan house
654:Art Nouveau
646:Greco-Roman
598:Neo-Mudéjar
571:; the name
550:ventanillas
520:; with the
371:Though the
279:ventanillas
258:archipelago
239:Philippines
3164:Categories
3005:References
2838:RealLiving
2803:Rumah adat
2766:Bahay kubo
2719:Ventanilla
2627:Sala menor
2621:Sala mayor
2447:Kantoneras
2356:Escritorio
2352:– Stairway
2342:Entresuelo
2218:Clerestory
2119:bahay kubo
2109:Barrigones
2099:– Bathroom
2069:, atlantes
2023:Accessoria
2005:ventanilla
1972:vernacular
1968:Courtyards
1922:Intramuros
1722:Examples:
1690:bahay kubo
1682:See also:
1636:building.
1414:bahay kubo
1075:Calabarzon
909:Ilocos Sur
886:Jolo, Sulu
768:Intramuros
650:Beaux-Arts
586:Romanesque
478:bahay kubo
416:Bahay kubo
392:See also:
382:bahay kubo
288:bahay kubo
250:bahay kubo
244:bahay kubo
159:editing it
107:March 2023
77:newspapers
2929:March 21,
2819:Citations
2798:Shophouse
2412:Gallinera
2382:Fresquera
2300:Dos aguas
2231:Colonette
2129:Baul mond
2093:– Bathtub
2077:– Balcony
2031:– Cistern
1696:as well.
634:caryatids
630:pilasters
614:Victorian
594:Neogothic
590:Classical
495:Tawi-Tawi
367:Etymology
304:sago palm
167:July 2023
3051:323–337.
2745:See also
2687:Tympanum
2652:Solihiya
2603:Puertita
2562:Pilaster
2549:Persiana
2543:Pasamano
2525:Oratorio
2481:Mascaron
2453:Lansenas
2419:Gargoyle
2350:Escalera
2296:– Pantry
2294:Dispensa
2288:Despacho
2209:Caryatid
2142:Brackets
2083:Banggera
1609:jin-jin)
1459:Avanceña
1422:Mindanao
1402:paletada
1085:Batangas
662:Art Deco
465:Mindanao
422:. Bahay
394:Nipa hut
373:Filipino
296:thatched
219:Filipino
2982:Lawphil
2776:Torogan
2700:Ventana
2694:Valance
2665:Transom
2591:Portico
2579:Platera
2505:Mirador
2461:– Comun
2459:Latrina
2372:– Front
2362:Estante
2334:Pililla
2307:Dougong
2282:Dapugan
2272:– Rooms
2270:Cuartos
2258:Cornice
2238:Comedor
2173:Capital
2166:Capilla
2115:Batalan
2044:– Caida
2042:Antesal
1880:convent
1779:, 1890s
1597:Batanes
1587:Batanes
1445:Visayas
1393:Visayas
1383:Visayan
1317:homes.
1199:Malolos
1195:Bulacan
898:Visayas
806:Escolta
744:Germans
736:Escolta
642:friezes
638:atlases
626:columns
606:Baroque
582:Chinese
532:During
499:Palawan
491:Batanes
469:Atlases
388:History
237:of the
201:Calamba
91:scholar
2738:Zaguan
2726:Volada
2615:Punkah
2597:Puerta
2513:Zaguan
2376:Finial
2369:Facade
2251:Corbel
2224:Cocina
2160:Calado
2148:Butaka
2091:Bañera
2060:Azotea
2056:– Arch
2029:Aljibe
1926:Manila
1897:palace
1893:Sultan
929:Candon
913:volada
808:, 1910
709:Manila
683:houses
540:Styles
435:Romans
282:, and
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
3112:1973.
2609:Pugon
2398:Stair
2389:Gable
2244:Comun
2154:Caida
2067:Atlas
1648:Rakuh
1634:rakuh
1626:rakuh
1410:payag
1387:Most
1308:Bicol
1154:Biñan
1102:house
1081:Luzon
882:Luzon
503:Samar
375:term
308:cogon
306:, or
294:) or
98:JSTOR
84:books
2931:2022
2845:2024
2435:Kama
2406:Sala
2314:Eave
2097:Baño
2054:Arko
2036:Anta
2007:and
1912:The
1901:Sulu
1849:Pre-
1791:Pre-
1591:The
1441:Cebu
1189:The
894:Cebu
640:and
620:and
596:and
588:and
512:Pre-
424:kubo
396:and
300:nipa
268:and
211:The
195:The
70:news
1920:of
1899:in
1895:'s
1595:of
1439:in
1391:in
1193:in
896:in
600:or
229:or
225:as
199:in
53:by
3166::
2984:.
2974:^
2965:.
2955:^
2946:.
2921:.
2910:^
2853:^
2836:.
1966:.
1928:,
1711:,
746:,
742:,
636:,
632:,
628:,
616:,
584:,
463:,
352:.
318:.
302:,
2933:.
2847:.
2134:'
2125:)
1424:.
1412:(
471:.
217:(
207:.
180:)
174:(
169:)
165:(
161:.
155:.
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
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