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703:, became very sick. By November 1837, he had recovered sufficiently to leave Hawaii. He purchased a ship and sailed toward Micronesia, intending to work on a mission. Bachelot's health significantly worsened after leaving Hawaii and he died at sea on 5 December 1837. He was buried on an islet off the coast of Pohnpei. In 1838, a small chapel was built near his grave.
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437:. During their mission's first two years, the group converted 65 Hawaiians and ministered to Hawaiians who had already been converted. They often held surreptitious night-time meetings with converts who feared persecution. The priests' vestments and rituals made their evangelism efforts more effective because they reminded Hawaiians of native religious customs.
226:'s willingness to allow Catholic priests on the island, Bachelot returned to Hawaii, intending to continue his missionary work. However, by Bachelot's arrival, Kamehameha III had again changed his mind and Bachelot was removed from the island and confined to a ship for several months. He was freed only after the
201:, he learned upon arrival that Kamehameha II had died and a new government that was hostile towards Catholic missionaries had been installed. Bachelot, however, was able to convert a small group of Hawaiians and quietly minister to them for four years before being deported in 1831 on the orders of
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state religion of the
Kingdom of Hawaii. Queen Kaʻahumanu persecuted Catholics from 1829 until her death in 1832, by, for example, forbidding Hawaiians from attending masses and instructing Bachelot not to proselytize. In December 1831, Bachelot and Short were deported and forced to leave on a
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who staffed the mission. Bachelot later became the pastor of a church in Los
Angeles, served as an assistant minister for the mission, and led the mission on an interim basis after its priest was reassigned in 1834. He also taught in Los Angeles schools during a teacher shortage. He ministered in
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captain that Rives would pay for their passage after they arrived in Hawaii, but by the time of their arrival, Rives had already left. Queen Kaʻahumanu refused to allow the missionaries to stay, suspecting them to be covert agents of the government of France. She instructed
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The priests began their missionary work, but encountered suspicion from most chiefs. The members of the party had great difficulty defending themselves, as none of them was fluent in
English or Hawaiian. But, the group were favorably received by the high chief
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amenable to the idea, Murphy traveled to
California to relay the news. He was unable, however, to locate Bachelot, who was absent from the area at the time. After Bachelot received Murphy's message, Bachelot and Short decided to return to Hawaii. The
394:—a Protestant missionary who had converted the Hawaiian royalty four years previously—Queen Kaʻahumanu took a hard stance against Catholicism. Rives' influence on the Hawaiian government had faded, and he never returned to Hawaii.
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trees later covered thousands of acres there. He had obtained the seeds, which were originally gathered by
Catholic missionaries in California, from the Royal Conservatory in Paris. Bachelot translated a prayer book into Hawaiian
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For several months, Bachelot and his fellow missionaries lived in three small rented structures, saying their first mass on the island in a grass hut. They later built a chapel on a small plot of land they purchased, where the
322:, traveled to Europe to attempt to convince European Catholics to organize a mission to Hawaii. Members of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary were receptive to his idea, and in 1825,
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In 1835 and 1836, two representatives of the
Catholic Church traveled to Hawaii in an attempt to ascertain whether Bachelot could return. Queen Kaʻahumanu had died in 1832, and the following year King
653:, the British consul, and they publicly protested the priests' confinement. Their efforts to secure freedom for the priests to live on the island were unsuccessful until the British naval vessel HMS
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The news of
Bachelot and Short's expulsion caused controversy in the United States, where it was viewed as a violation of the rights appertaining to foreigners in the 1826 treaty signed by Commodore
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and
Dupetit Thouars, who each tried to convince the authorities to allow the priests to return to the island. After negotiations proved futile, they blockaded the harbor, boarded the
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in
November 1826. The missionaries were initially accompanied by a group that planned to explore commercial trading opportunities but returned to France after reaching Mexico.
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captain to take the mission with him when he departed. The captain, however, refused to do so because he did not receive payment for their passage, so the party was able to remain.
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assigned them the task of evangelizing Hawaii. Bachelot was appointed the
Prefect Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands, and in this role led the first permanent mission to Hawaii.
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landed at a vacant area near San Pedro, Los Angeles, in January 1832. Bachelot and Short traveled to the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, where they were welcomed by the
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502:, bound for North America. Though Queen Kaʻahumanu steadfastly opposed his work, Bachelot viewed her as a good person who had been deceived by Protestant missionaries.
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agreed to allow the priests to stay in Honolulu until they could find a ship to transport them elsewhere, under the condition that they refrain from proselytizing.
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Pietrusewsky, Michael; Willacker, Lisa (March 1997), "The search for Father Bachelot: first Catholic missionary to the Hawaiian Islands (1827–1837)",
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on 7 July 1827. The priests were faced with a situation of dire poverty owing to the absence of Rives' patronage. Furthermore, they had promised
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When Bachelot and Short arrived in Honolulu in May 1837, they spent only 13 days on the island. Notwithstanding the agreement he had signed with
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222:, where he served as an assistant minister while pastoring and teaching. In 1837, having learned of Queen Kaʻahumanu's death and King
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was dedicated in 1843. After settling on the island, the group avoided drawing attention to themselves and studied the
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s captain, Jules Dudoit, refused to transport them from Hawaii. Dudoit, a British citizen of French descent, met with
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This small city will be a Mexican paradise: exploring the origins of Mexican culture in Los Angeles, 1821–1846
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to prevent him from leaving, but he insisted on departing and the Catholic leadership did not prevent him.
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sought to deport the priests. Bachelot and Short were confined to the ship on which they had arrived, the
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in Los Angeles, a municipal council, attempted to dissuade Bachelot and asked the Catholic leadership in
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Owing to the persecution of Bachelot and his fellow priests, the government of France sent the frigate
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Unbeknownst to Bachelot, political changes occurred in Hawaii prior to the mission's arrival. King
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began making radical changes to Hawaiian law. Columban Murphy, a Catholic lay brother from the
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protested the expulsions while in discussion with chiefs during his 1832 visit to the kingdom.
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served as the Vicar Apostolic of Eastern Oceania and oversaw Bachelot's assignment in Hawaii.
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By 1827, Protestant Christianity, and in particular Bingham's teachings, had become the
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Let the Sea Make a Noise...: A History of the North Pacific from Magellan to MacArthur
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was young at the time of his ascension, Queen Kaʻahumanu (their stepmother) ruled as
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sent 300 sailors to escort them from the harbor to the French mission. King
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to dispatch a frigate to the island; the resulting intervention is known as
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in 1835 and discussed the possibility of Bachelot's return. Finding King
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as a priest in 1820. As a priest, he initially served as the College's
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Kelley, Charlotte (September 1948), "The Church in Hawaii",
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242:. Although he was later able to secure passage on a ship to
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to the Tomb of the persecuted Bachelot, Island of Ascension
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that allowed French citizens to live on the island, King
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California until 1837 and became popular with Angelenos.
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193:. Bachelot was raised in France, where he attended the
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To live among the stars: Christian origins in Oceania
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Hawaiian National Bibliography, 1780–1900: 1831–1850
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and led to the emancipation of Catholics in Hawaii.
185:. In that role, he led the first permanent Catholic
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19th century French missionary Roman Catholic priest
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Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary
246:, he died en route and was buried on an islet near
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177:; 22 February 1796 – 5 December 1837) was a
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699:That year, Bachelot, who suffered from a form of
440:Bachelot introduced two plant species to Hawaii:
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2432:Co-Cathedral of Saint Theresa of the Child Jesus
1336:Shoal of time: a history of the Hawaiian Islands
329:The expedition was organized by the influential
2853:Burials in the Federated States of Micronesia
2497:St. Michael the Archangel Church, Kailua-Kona
2298:
1720:
673:, and brought Bachelot and Short ashore. The
556:Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith
461:, "Christian Doctrine", c. 1831), authored a
2903:19th-century American Roman Catholic priests
1687:Apostolic Prefecture of the Sandwich Islands
290:, taking the name Alexis. He studied at the
73:Prefecture Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands
2547:Our Lady of Good Counsel Church, Pearl City
665:. The ships were commanded respectively by
489:, who deported Bachelot from Hawaii in 1831
421:, the royal governor of Oahu, and his wife
2898:French expatriates in the Hawaiian Kingdom
2843:19th-century French Roman Catholic priests
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562:. Hawaii became part of the newly created
302:and later led the preparatory seminary at
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2482:St. Augustine by the Sea Church, Honolulu
2330:Prefect Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands
1657:, vol. XVI, The Encyclopedia Press,
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183:Prefect Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands
44:Prefect Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands
2552:Resurrection of the Lord Church, Waipahu
2342:Vicars Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands
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318:, a French adviser to the Hawaiian king
2532:Maria Lanakila Catholic Church, Lahaina
2457:Most Sacred Heart of Jesus Church, Hawi
2427:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Peace
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250:. His treatment in Hawaii prompted the
181:best known for his tenure as the first
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2492:Saints Peter and Paul Church, Honolulu
2472:Our Lady of the Mount Church, Honolulu
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1528:California Missions and Their Romances
1461:The Hawaiian Kingdom, 1778 – 1854
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564:Apostolic Vicariate of Eastern Oceania
2863:Roman Catholic missionaries in Mexico
2858:Roman Catholic missionaries in Hawaii
2522:Our Lady Queen of Angels Church, Kula
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375:died in 1824 and his younger brother
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695:, woodcuts by Jules Dudoit, c. 1839.
2537:Immaculate Conception Church, Lihue
1697:Vicar Apostolic of Oriental Oceania
1425:The forests of the Hawaiian Islands
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13:
2893:French Roman Catholic missionaries
2315:Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu
1445:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review
282:to pursue priesthood. In 1813, he
14:
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1578:Wong, Helen; Rayson, Ann (1987),
744:Pietrusewsky & Willacker 1997
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2586:Damien Memorial School, Honolulu
2576:Chaminade University of Honolulu
2502:Star of the Sea Church, Kalapana
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1380:, Institute of Pacific Studies,
710:to Hawaii in 1839. Its captain,
558:reorganized the jurisdiction of
2596:Sacred Hearts Academy, Honolulu
2557:St. Benedict's Church, Honaunau
1502:Mulholland, John Field (1970),
1303:
712:Cyrille Pierre Théodore Laplace
1463:, University of Hawaii Press,
1429:U.S. Department of Agriculture
1407:University of New Mexico Press
1362:, University of Hawaii Press,
601:
476:
473:, "Grammatical Notes", 1834).
431:Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace
365:Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace
1:
2467:Holy Trinity Church, Honolulu
2452:Saint John the Baptist Church
724:
524:
261:
2908:French expatriates in Mexico
2601:St. Francis School, Honolulu
2487:St. Patrick Church, Honolulu
2477:St. Anthony Church, Honolulu
1603:Plants and Animals of Hawaii
1547:Journal of Forensic Sciences
1423:Hall, William Logan (1904),
631:Abel Aubert du Petit-Thouars
616:Abel Aubert du Petit-Thouars
7:
2873:Irish College, Paris alumni
2611:St. Anthony School, Wailuku
2447:Sacred Heart Church-Punahou
1647:Yzendoor, Reginald (1914),
657:and the French frigate the
533:Portrait of the young King
10:
2924:
2606:St. Louis School, Honolulu
2591:Maryknoll School, Honolulu
2542:St. Joseph Church, Makawao
2512:St. Theresa Church, Kekaha
1631:W. W. Norton & Company
1342:University of Hawaii Press
349:. The mission sailed from
218:Bachelot then traveled to
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2517:St. Raphael Church, Koloa
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1935:
1912:St. Michael the Archangel
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1654:The Catholic Encyclopedia
1649:Charles George Herbermann
1457:Kuykendall, Ralph Simpson
1358:Forbes, David W. (2000),
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2181:William Hoapili Kaʻauwai
1832:Church of the Crossroads
1317:, The Bancroft Company,
568:Etienne Jerome Rouchouze
101:Etienne Jerome Rouchouze
2868:Hawaii Catholic priests
2616:St. Joseph School, Hilo
2527:Holy Ghost Church, Kula
2507:St. Ann Church, Kaneohe
2462:St. Joseph Church, Hilo
2389:Joseph Anthony Ferrario
1877:Makiki Christian Church
1526:Older, Fremont (1938),
661:arrived in Honolulu on
507:Thomas ap Catesby Jones
485:1816 painting of Queen
234:navies imposed a naval
211:(a position similar to
2883:People who died at sea
2752:Catholicism portal
2709:Hawaii Catholic Herald
2399:Clarence Richard Silva
1735:Christianity in Hawaii
1673:Catholic Church titles
1580:Hawaii's Royal History
1376:Garrett, John (1982),
1213:Wong & Rayson 1987
696:
622:
610:1837 painting of King
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517:. U.S. Navy Commodore
490:
459:O Ke A'o Ana Kristiano
379:became king. Because
368:
292:Irish College in Paris
195:Irish College in Paris
175:Jean-Augustin Bachelot
2652:St. Damien de Veuster
2442:St. Mary Church, Hana
2140:Lucy Goodale Thurston
1980:Sereno Edwards Bishop
1600:Scott, Susan (1991),
1556:John Wiley & Sons
1315:West American history
1311:Bancroft, Hubert Howe
721:freedom of religion.
687:
614:meeting with Captain
609:
532:
484:
363:
345:, as well as several
266:Bachelot was born in
2394:Francis X. DiLorenzo
2379:James Joseph Sweeney
2347:Louis Désiré Maigret
1995:Ephraim Weston Clark
1478:McDougall, Walter A.
1395:González, Michael J.
467:He Ōlelo Ho'ona'auao
335:government of France
314:In the early 1820s,
268:Saint-Cyr-la-Rosière
252:government of France
126:Saint-Cyr-la-Rosière
2384:John Joseph Scanlan
2374:Bishops of Honolulu
2362:Libert H. Boeynaems
2262:Edict of Toleration
2080:Charles McEwen Hyde
1990:Libert H. Boeynaems
612:Kamehameha III
471:Notes Grammaticales
387:. On the advice of
316:Jean Baptiste Rives
256:the French Incident
224:Kamehameha III
2848:Apostolic prefects
2687:Benedict M. Vierra
2682:John M. Systermans
2672:Jules C. E. Riotte
2367:Stephen Alencastre
2130:John M. Systermans
1750:Anglican Communion
1505:Hawaii's religions
697:
623:
540:
511:United States Navy
491:
369:
333:and funded by the
320:Kamehameha II
199:Kamehameha II
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2740:Hawaii portal
2720:St. Marianne Cope
2662:Francis A. Marzen
2637:Marc R. Alexander
2352:Herman Koeckemann
2280:
2279:
2191:Alice Kahokuoluna
2159:Native Christians
1955:Richard Armstrong
1837:Our Lady of Peace
1804:Oriental Orthodox
1789:Latter-day Saints
1755:Church of Hawaiʻi
1703:
1702:
1694:Succeeded by
1640:978-0-393-30220-2
1626:Hawaii: a history
1613:978-0-935848-93-9
1593:978-0-935848-48-9
1564:10.1520/JFS14099J
1537:978-1-4179-8642-2
1530:, Coward-McCann,
1495:978-0-06-057820-6
1470:978-0-87022-431-7
1416:978-0-8263-3607-1
1387:978-2-8254-0692-2
1369:978-0-8248-2379-5
1351:978-0-8248-0324-7
1215:, pp. 105–6.
1154:, pp. 144–5.
853:, pp. 133–4.
719:granted Catholics
435:Hawaiian language
324:Pope Leo XII
191:Kingdom of Hawaii
164:
163:
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2878:People from Orne
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2657:Charles Kekumano
2572:Higher education
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2255:Related articles
2211:Charles Kekumano
2115:William Richards
1975:Hiram Bingham II
1960:Alexis Bachelot
1825:Historic chapels
1741:Christian groups
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1679:Preceded by
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1183:
1174:
1168:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1097:
1091:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1031:, pp. 45–6.
1026:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
954:
948:
939:
933:
927:
921:
908:
902:
891:
885:
879:
873:
854:
848:
839:
833:
827:
826:, pp. 93–4.
821:
815:
809:
796:
790:
779:
773:
764:
758:
747:
741:
717:
689:Visit of L'Abbe
680:
664:
644:
636:
588:
584:
576:
538:
516:
454:Prosopis humilis
443:Prosopis humilis
392:
382:
378:
374:
310:Hawaiian mission
147:
122:22 February 1796
121:
119:
107:Personal details
54:
37:
21:
20:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2807:
2797:
2795:
2783:
2773:
2771:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2744:
2734:
2732:
2724:
2715:Malia O Ka Malu
2696:
2620:
2561:
2412:
2403:
2335:Alexis Bachelot
2318:
2314:
2311:
2281:
2276:
2267:French invasion
2250:
2241:Henry Opukahaia
2236:Jonatana Napela
2226:Joel Hulu Mahoe
2154:
2125:Betsey Stockton
2075:H. R. Hitchcock
2070:Merriman Harris
2020:Samuel C. Damon
1970:Hiram Bingham I
1945:W. P. Alexander
1931:
1892:Star of the Sea
1820:
1809:Coptic Orthodox
1772:Catholic Church
1742:
1736:
1733:
1699:
1690:
1682:
1641:
1621:Tabrah, Ruth M.
1614:
1594:
1538:
1520:
1496:
1471:
1417:
1388:
1370:
1352:
1306:
1301:
1295:Kuykendall 1938
1293:
1289:
1283:Kuykendall 1938
1281:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1257:
1250:
1244:Kuykendall 1938
1242:
1238:
1230:
1219:
1211:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1177:
1169:
1158:
1152:Kuykendall 1938
1150:
1146:
1138:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1107:
1100:
1094:Kuykendall 1938
1092:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1065:Kuykendall 1938
1063:
1059:
1053:Kuykendall 1938
1051:
1047:
1041:Kuykendall 1938
1039:
1035:
1027:
1020:
1012:
1008:
1000:
996:
988:
984:
976:
972:
964:
957:
949:
942:
934:
930:
922:
911:
903:
894:
888:Mulholland 1970
886:
882:
876:Kuykendall 1938
874:
857:
851:Kuykendall 1938
849:
842:
836:Kuykendall 1938
834:
830:
824:Mulholland 1970
822:
818:
810:
799:
791:
782:
776:Kuykendall 1938
774:
767:
759:
750:
742:
731:
727:
715:
678:
662:
645:. However, the
642:
634:
604:
586:
582:
581:, visited King
574:
534:
527:
514:
479:
390:
380:
376:
372:
331:Monneron family
312:
264:
240:Honolulu harbor
179:Catholic priest
167:Alexis Bachelot
149:
145:
144:5 December 1837
136:
123:
117:
115:
38:
33:
31:
30:
29:Alexis Bachelot
27:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2921:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2888:Picpus Fathers
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2818:
2817:
2805:
2793:
2781:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2742:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2692:Arsenius Walsh
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2667:Columba Murphy
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2647:Abraham Armand
2644:
2639:
2634:
2632:Lane K. Akiona
2628:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2357:Gulstan Ropert
2354:
2349:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2272:Laplace affair
2269:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2221:Helio Koaʻeloa
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2085:Gerrit P. Judd
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2050:Ursula Emerson
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2030:Sheldon Dibble
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:Dwight Baldwin
1962:
1957:
1952:
1950:Lorrin Andrews
1947:
1941:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1882:Maria Lanakila
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1746:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1709:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1667:
1666:
1644:
1639:
1617:
1612:
1606:, Bess Press,
1597:
1592:
1575:
1541:
1536:
1523:
1518:
1499:
1494:
1474:
1469:
1453:
1440:
1420:
1415:
1391:
1386:
1373:
1368:
1355:
1350:
1326:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1297:, p. 165.
1287:
1285:, p. 150.
1275:
1273:, p. 336.
1263:
1248:
1246:, p. 149.
1236:
1217:
1202:
1200:, p. 214.
1198:McDougall 2004
1190:
1188:, p. 318.
1175:
1156:
1144:
1142:, p. 180.
1125:
1123:, p. 317.
1113:
1098:
1096:, p. 143.
1081:
1069:
1067:, p. 144.
1057:
1055:, p. 133.
1045:
1043:, p. 142.
1033:
1018:
1006:
994:
982:
970:
955:
940:
938:, p. 337.
928:
909:
907:, p. 335.
892:
880:
878:, p. 140.
855:
840:
838:, p. 138.
828:
816:
797:
780:
778:, p. 139.
765:
748:
746:, p. 208.
728:
726:
723:
716:Kamehameha III
679:Kamehameha III
667:Edward Belcher
635:Kamehameha III
620:Edward Belcher
603:
600:
587:Kamehameha III
583:Kamehameha III
579:United Kingdom
575:Kamehameha III
536:Kamehameha III
526:
523:
515:Kamehameha III
478:
475:
381:Kamehameha III
377:Kamehameha III
343:Abraham Armand
311:
308:
263:
260:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
148:(aged 41)
142:
138:
137:
124:
113:
109:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
63:Roman Catholic
60:
56:
55:
47:
46:
40:
39:
32:
28:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2920:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2780:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2677:Patrick Short
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2196:William Kamau
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2186:Edward Kahale
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2166:Abraham Akaka
2164:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2150:Alfred Willis
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2120:Thomas Staley
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2105:John D. Paris
2103:
2101:
2100:Louis Maigret
2098:
2096:
2095:Lorenzo Lyons
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2045:William Ellis
2043:
2041:
2040:Joseph Dutton
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2025:Father Damien
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2015:Peter Coudrin
2013:
2011:
2010:Marianne Cope
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1739:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1688:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1642:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1521:
1519:0-8048-0710-8
1515:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1487:
1486:HarperCollins
1483:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1296:
1291:
1284:
1279:
1272:
1267:
1261:, p. 54.
1260:
1255:
1253:
1245:
1240:
1234:, p. 95.
1233:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1199:
1194:
1187:
1186:Bancroft 1902
1182:
1180:
1173:, p. 53.
1172:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1153:
1148:
1141:
1140:González 2005
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1122:
1121:Bancroft 1902
1117:
1111:, p. 67.
1110:
1105:
1103:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1079:, p. 66.
1078:
1073:
1066:
1061:
1054:
1049:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1016:, p. 87.
1015:
1010:
1004:, p. 15.
1003:
998:
992:, p. 19.
991:
986:
980:, p. 55.
979:
974:
967:
962:
960:
953:, p. 51.
952:
947:
945:
937:
932:
926:, p. 45.
925:
920:
918:
916:
914:
906:
901:
899:
897:
890:, p. 93.
889:
884:
877:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
852:
847:
845:
837:
832:
825:
820:
814:, p. 50.
813:
808:
806:
804:
802:
795:, p. 49.
794:
789:
787:
785:
777:
772:
770:
762:
761:Yzendoor 1914
757:
755:
753:
745:
740:
738:
736:
734:
729:
722:
720:
713:
709:
704:
702:
694:
692:
686:
682:
676:
672:
668:
660:
656:
652:
648:
640:
632:
628:
621:
617:
613:
608:
599:
597:
596:Santa Barbara
593:
580:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
554:In 1833, the
552:
549:
545:
537:
531:
522:
520:
512:
508:
503:
501:
496:
488:
483:
474:
472:
468:
465:in Hawaiian (
464:
460:
455:
451:
450:
449:Bougainvillea
445:
444:
438:
436:
432:
426:
424:
420:
414:
412:
407:
403:
399:
395:
393:
386:
373:Kamehameha II
366:
362:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:Patrick Short
336:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
307:
305:
301:
297:
294:before being
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
216:
215:) of Hawaii.
214:
210:
209:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
160:
157:
153:
150:Pacific Ocean
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
114:
110:
105:
102:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
53:
48:
45:
41:
36:
22:
19:
2820:
2791:Christianity
2707:
2642:Maximin Alff
2582:High schools
2334:
2206:James Kekela
2171:Akaiko Akana
2145:Abner Wilcox
2135:Asa Thurston
2060:P. J. Gulick
1959:
1937:Missionaries
1902:St. Benedict
1685:
1652:
1625:
1602:
1579:
1551:
1545:
1527:
1510:C. E. Tuttle
1504:
1481:
1460:
1448:
1444:
1424:
1400:
1377:
1359:
1335:
1314:
1304:Bibliography
1290:
1278:
1266:
1259:Garrett 1982
1239:
1193:
1171:Garrett 1982
1147:
1116:
1072:
1060:
1048:
1036:
1009:
997:
985:
973:
968:, p. 9.
951:Garrett 1982
931:
883:
831:
819:
812:Garrett 1982
793:Garrett 1982
763:, p. 6.
707:
705:
698:
688:
674:
670:
658:
654:
646:
638:
627:French Naval
624:
618:and Captain
592:Ayuntamiento
572:
553:
543:
541:
504:
499:
494:
492:
470:
466:
458:
453:
447:
441:
439:
427:
423:Kuini Liliha
415:
410:
405:
397:
396:
384:
370:
354:
347:lay brothers
328:
313:
265:
217:
213:queen regent
206:
174:
166:
165:
146:(1837-12-05)
90:
25:The Reverend
18:
2838:1837 deaths
2833:1796 births
2090:David Lyman
2055:J. S. Green
2035:Daniel Dole
2005:A. S. Cooke
1887:Mokuʻaikaua
1558:: 208–212,
1330:Daws, Gavan
1271:Kelley 1948
1029:Tabrah 1984
1014:Forbes 2000
1002:Forbes 2000
990:Forbes 2000
936:Kelley 1948
924:Tabrah 1984
905:Kelley 1948
647:Clémentine'
602:Final years
548:Franciscans
519:John Downes
477:Persecution
411:La Comète's
406:La Comète's
400:arrived in
155:Nationality
87:Predecessor
2827:Categories
2701:Miscellany
2423:Cathedrals
2323:Ordinaries
2231:David Malo
2216:Keōpūolani
2201:Kapiʻolani
2110:W. H. Rice
2065:E. O. Hall
2000:Titus Coan
1985:Elias Bond
1907:St. Joseph
1897:St. Andrew
1862:Kawaiahaʻo
1857:Kaʻahumanu
1691:1825–1837
1584:Bess Press
1109:Older 1938
1077:Older 1938
978:Scott 1991
725:References
708:L'Artémise
701:rheumatism
671:Clémentine
639:Clémentine
525:California
498:ship, the
487:Kaʻahumanu
385:Kuhina Nui
262:Early life
244:Micronesia
220:California
208:Kuhina Nui
203:Kaʻahumanu
118:1796-02-22
2779:Biography
2566:Education
1927:Wānanalua
1760:Episcopal
1743:in Hawaii
1663:174525385
1232:Daws 1968
966:Hall 1904
513:and King
463:catechism
398:La Comète
391:Bingham I
355:La Comète
284:professed
97:Successor
82:1825–1837
79:In office
2438:Parishes
2417:Churches
2246:Puaʻaiki
2176:Hewahewa
1847:Hōlualoa
1816:Orthodox
1799:New Hope
1794:Lutheran
1623:(1984),
1480:(2004),
1459:(1938),
1397:(2005),
1332:(1968),
1323:35811256
1313:(1902),
675:La Vénus
659:La Vénus
651:Charlton
629:Captain
495:de facto
402:Honolulu
351:Bordeaux
296:ordained
276:Seminary
236:blockade
173:, (born
2815:Oceania
2765:Portals
2625:Priests
1922:Waiʻoli
1872:Makawao
1782:Eastern
1767:Baptist
1651:(ed.),
1572:9068178
1437:9066931
691:Maigret
655:Sulphur
560:Oceania
544:Waverly
509:of the
500:Waverly
367:in 2006
286:at the
248:Pohnpei
238:on the
232:British
189:to the
187:mission
69:Diocese
2803:Hawaii
1917:Waiola
1852:Imiola
1661:
1637:
1610:
1590:
1570:
1534:
1516:
1492:
1467:
1435:
1413:
1384:
1366:
1348:
1321:
663:8 July
643:22 May
389:Hiram
300:rector
280:Picpus
228:French
205:, the
171:SS.CC.
159:French
134:France
59:Church
35:SS.CC.
1867:Lāʻie
1842:Haili
1777:Roman
1554:(2),
1451:(147)
641:, on
304:Tours
1681:none
1659:OCLC
1635:ISBN
1608:ISBN
1588:ISBN
1568:PMID
1532:ISBN
1514:ISBN
1490:ISBN
1465:ISBN
1433:OCLC
1411:ISBN
1382:ISBN
1364:ISBN
1346:ISBN
1319:OCLC
542:The
446:and
419:Boki
341:and
272:Orne
230:and
141:Died
130:Orne
112:Born
91:none
1560:doi
353:on
278:of
2829::
1633:,
1629:,
1586:,
1582:,
1566:,
1552:42
1550:,
1512:,
1508:,
1488:,
1484:,
1449:37
1447:,
1431:,
1427:,
1409:,
1405:,
1344:,
1340:,
1251:^
1220:^
1205:^
1178:^
1159:^
1128:^
1101:^
1084:^
1021:^
958:^
943:^
912:^
895:^
858:^
843:^
800:^
783:^
768:^
751:^
732:^
452:.
306:.
270:,
169:,
132:,
128:,
2767::
2306:e
2299:t
2292:v
1728:e
1721:t
1714:v
1562::
457:(
120:)
116:(
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