2574:
access to credit by establishing this institution. A measure of the public good brought about by the Bank's establishment that still stands today is what some have identified as the Bank's role in reducing the impact of economic recession. The public-private relationship establishes roles assigned according to what each sector does best, allowing the mutual benefit of public and private banks balancing out inequality and building equality, thus creating an economic safety net for North Dakota citizens. These early roots of the
Democratic-Nonpartisan League party have been celebrated for establishing a foundation that rights the state in times of national crisis and provides economic security to generations of the state's farmers.
2106:
1735:
228:
1691:
1679:
2573:
was created to address market failures associated with monopoly power among large financial and business institutions in the early twentieth century. This market power meant that small farming operations had inadequate access to credit. One of the goals of the
Nonpartisan League was to remedy limited
1980:
As a result of the depression, the new state-owned industries ran into financial trouble, and the private banking industry, smarting from the loss of its influence in
Bismarck, rebuffed the NPL when it tried to raise money through state-issued bonds. The industry said that the state bank and elevator
2096:
Although the
Democrats were still in the minority in the state government, the number of Democrats in the state legislature increased greatly. Before the league moved into the Democratic Party, there were only five Democrats among the 162 members of both houses of the legislature in 1955. By 1957,
1846:. Afterwards, Townley and a friend, Frank B. Wood, drew up a radical political platform that addressed many of the farmers' concerns, and created the Farmers Non-Party League Organization, which later evolved into the Nonpartisan League. Soon, Townley was traveling the state in a borrowed
2565:
The
Nonpartisan League laid a foundation of enriched public ownership and responsibility in such institutions as a state bank. One study has drawn conclusions that publicly operated institutions such as the state bank have helped North Dakota weather these economic
1981:
were "theoretical experiments" that might easily fail. Moreover, the NPL's lack of governing experience led to perceived infighting and corruption. Newspapers and business groups portrayed the NPL as inept and disastrous for the state's future.
2075:
in the 1952 presidential race. Over the following four years, legislative polarization grew and the
Nonpartisan League eventually split in two. In 1956, the Nonpartisan League formally merged with the state Democratic Party, creating the
2092:
of $ 1.25 an hour, and a graduated land tax on property worth $ 20,000 or more. In May 1956, the
Democratic Convention accepted the Nonpartisan League's candidates and adopted its platform, fully unifying the two parties into one.
1885:
had told a group of farmers to "go home and slop the hogs." Twichell later said that his statement was misinterpreted. He had been instrumental in previous legislative reforms to rescue the state from boss rule by McKenzie and the
1770:. On behalf of small farmers and merchants, the Nonpartisan League advocated state control of mills, grain elevators, banks, and other farm-related industries in order to reduce the power of corporate and political interests from
1850:, signing up members for a payment of $ 6 in dues. Farmers were receptive to Townley's ideas and joined in droves. However, Townley was soon expelled from the Socialist Party due to this method of rogue operating.
1992:
which successfully recalled
Frazier as governor. Frazier lost the recall election by a margin of 1.8%, becoming the first U.S. state governor to be recalled. However, a year later he was elected in the
1853:
The League began to grow in 1915, at a time when small farmers in North Dakota felt exploited by out-of-state companies. One author later described the wheat-growing state as "a tributary province of
2071:, anti-farmers' union, anti-labor, and pro-Republican segment of the league, these members wanted to keep the Nonpartisan League aligned with the Republican Party; they supported General
1109:
2554:
to this day. The
Executive Committee of the NPL still formally exists within the party structure of the North Dakota Democratic-NPL. It was at one point headed by former State Senator
3265:
2000:
The 1920s were economically difficult for farmers, and the NPL's popularity receded. However, the populist undercurrent that fueled its meteoric growth revived with the coming of the
2593:, who would form government from 1921 until 1935. No NPL candidates were elected in Saskatchewan, but the party boasted the first woman—Zoa Haight—to run for office in the province.
3285:
371:
366:
1972:. However, the NPL's initial success was short-lived, as a drop in commodity prices at the close of the war, together with a drought, caused an agricultural depression.
2084:. The Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party introduced a unified slate of candidates for statewide offices and adopted a liberal platform that included the repeal of the
417:
2044:
1815:
3260:
215:
2427:
2353:
2027:
By 1950, two factions divided the traditionally left-wing NPL; on one side were the
Insurgents, and on the other were the Old Guard. The Insurgents aligned
1915:
3169:
2659:
1898:
Proposing that the state of North Dakota create its own bank, warehouses, and factories, the League, supported by a populist groundswell, ran its slate as
1317:
2893:
2384:
2227:
2021:
1994:
3042:(In "Women on the Move", edited by Pearl Andre, 47–50: Book produced for the International Women's Year for North Dakota Democratic-NPL Women, 1975).
2439:
2551:
2302:
2296:
2077:
946:
108:
2649:
2359:
2064:
1989:
2894:"National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation: Nonpartisan League's Home Building Association Resources in North Dakota"
3250:
2433:
2596:
As of May 2021, both the North Dakota Mill and Elevator and the Bank of North Dakota continue to operate. The legislature in 1932 prohibited
3275:
2532:
tells the story of the Non-Partisan League and its various supporters after the league took control of the North Dakota government in 1919.
2421:
1582:
1392:
2403:
2390:
1277:
408:
3270:
1505:
1219:
187:
3200:
3155:
1287:
352:
3226:
2017:
2013:
1903:
1307:
1169:
328:
2511:, portrayed early 20th century conditions in North Dakota and the rise of the NPL among immigrant farmers. The film won the 1980
1367:
1184:
1134:
2684:
2028:
1950:
fund that assessed employers. The NPL also set up a Home Building Association, to aid people in financing and building houses.
1919:
1721:
1089:
551:
2252:
1878:
1470:
1377:
1154:
2616:
2577:
The early success of the party in North Dakota spawned Nonpartisan League branches on the Canadian prairies, including the
1312:
1926:, the League enacted a significant portion of its platform. It established state-run agricultural enterprises such as the
3146:
2608:
1079:
17:
2983:
Nielsen, Kim E. "'We All Leaguers by Our House': Women, Suffrage, and Red-Baiting in the National Nonpartisan League."
1588:
1427:
1397:
1297:
1144:
1119:
361:
313:
3096:
2550:
and merged with the North Dakota Democrats. The North Dakota branch of the Democratic Party is therefore known as the
3174:
2876:
2822:
2723:
2698:
2629:
2089:
2068:
1923:
1628:
1598:
1412:
1332:
1247:
896:
3255:
2644:
2036:
1899:
1402:
1337:
1327:
1149:
1094:
1074:
1069:
3215:
3018:
Saloutos, Theodore. "The Expansion and Decline of the Nonpartisan League in the Western Middle West, 1917–1921,"
2654:
1862:
1790:
1282:
1114:
1099:
98:
3205:
2750:
2547:
2543:
2060:
1985:
1927:
1547:
1262:
473:
3195:
3179:
2839:
2586:
2081:
2040:
1322:
1302:
1054:
323:
293:
3280:
2690:
1450:
1382:
1372:
1272:
1159:
298:
129:
35:
30:
This article is about the former North Dakota political party. For the former Alberta political party, see
3245:
3052:
Vivian, James F. "The Last Round-Up: Theodore Roosevelt Confronts the Nonpartisan League, October 1918,"
2604:
2578:
2503:
1633:
1465:
1432:
1387:
1267:
1179:
1059:
31:
3112:
1843:
1839:
1767:
1714:
1455:
1407:
1342:
1189:
347:
192:
172:
2590:
1887:
1352:
1194:
696:
468:
456:
247:
182:
2105:
2409:
2190:
1947:
1563:
1237:
856:
651:
342:
303:
3139:
1810:
1593:
1578:
1124:
1084:
3118:
2639:
2612:
1935:
1874:
1802:
1292:
1252:
1204:
1199:
901:
791:
398:
2110:
1966:
1870:
1707:
1603:
1362:
1347:
1164:
506:
421:
378:
2570:
2518:
2085:
2072:
2052:
1939:
1931:
1854:
1695:
1643:
1618:
1568:
1242:
606:
429:
308:
274:
138:
3097:
North Dakota State University Institute for Regional Studies Nonpartisan League Collection
1734:
8:
2664:
2321:
1831:
1806:
1558:
1510:
1422:
1417:
1257:
1214:
1209:
1174:
1104:
1064:
1021:
851:
761:
681:
446:
357:
150:
1742:, portraying organized farmers and workers standing tall against big business interests
3132:
2997:
Remele, Larry. "Power to the People: The Nonpartisan League," in Thomas W. Howard, ed.
2048:
1882:
1781:
The League adopted the goat as a mascot; it was known as "The Goat that Can't be Got".
1475:
926:
891:
721:
646:
596:
586:
478:
388:
207:
162:
157:
134:
1789:
By the 1910s, the growth of left-wing sympathies was on the rise in North Dakota. The
3028:
Saloutos, Theodore. "The Rise of the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota, 1915–1917,"
2872:
2818:
2719:
2694:
2597:
2365:
2340:
2196:
1835:
1823:
1763:
1759:
1663:
1638:
1553:
1500:
886:
841:
671:
536:
241:
58:
3124:
3107:
Northern Lights – docudrama of the forming of the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota
1922:. After the 1918 elections, in which the NPL won full control of both houses of the
3086:
2634:
2555:
2315:
2129:
2001:
1969:
1911:
1683:
1648:
1608:
1490:
1485:
1129:
1016:
906:
821:
711:
641:
636:
531:
318:
279:
268:
3004:
Remele, Larry R. "The Lost Years of A.C. Townley (after the Nonpartisan League)."
1957:, Townley demanded the "conscription of wealth", blaming "big-bellied, red-necked
571:
227:
2990:
Reid, Bill G. "John Miller Baer: Nonpartisan League Cartoonist and Congressman,"
2775:
2258:
2239:
2233:
2032:
1943:
1813:
elected Socialist mayors. The party had also established a weekly newspaper, the
1573:
1515:
866:
781:
766:
676:
661:
656:
576:
546:
541:
526:
516:
383:
286:
118:
2976:
Harvest of Discontent: The Social Origins of the Nonpartisan League, 1880–1922.
2957:
Morlan, Robert L. "The Nonpartisan League and the Minnesota Campaign of 1918,"
2513:
2470:
2415:
2327:
2290:
2284:
2215:
2202:
2184:
2172:
2166:
2153:
2141:
2135:
2097:
the number grew to 28, and in 1959 the numbers continued to grow, reaching 67.
2009:
1866:
1794:
1495:
1139:
941:
916:
871:
846:
751:
631:
621:
521:
501:
440:
3101:
2619:
as examples of the work of the Nonpartisan League's Home Building Association.
2047:, the Insurgents formed the Volunteers for Stevenson Committee, to help elect
3239:
3045:
Starr, Karen. "Fighting for a Future: Farm Women of the Nonpartisan League,"
2529:
2489:
2452:
2378:
2271:
2221:
1962:
1538:
1026:
1001:
996:
976:
971:
951:
936:
921:
911:
826:
806:
776:
741:
736:
701:
691:
666:
626:
566:
3069:
Wilkins, Robert P. "The Nonpartisan League and Upper Midwest Isolationism,
2779:
2582:
2559:
2483:
2458:
2178:
2147:
2123:
1907:
1847:
1793:
had considerable success. They brought in many outside speakers, including
1755:
1460:
991:
931:
876:
786:
756:
746:
731:
716:
686:
601:
591:
556:
496:
122:
53:
2794:
1954:
1771:
1036:
1031:
1011:
1006:
986:
981:
966:
961:
956:
881:
836:
831:
801:
771:
616:
511:
393:
146:
2962:
3074:
3057:
3033:
3023:
2931:
2926:
Huntington, Samuel P. "The Election Tactics of the Nonpartisan League,
2464:
1958:
1658:
1480:
796:
581:
434:
252:
2938:
Insurgent democracy: the Nonpartisan League in North American politics
2372:
2840:
The Bank of North Dakota: A model for Massachusetts and other states?
2508:
2005:
1858:
1805:
in 1915. By 1912, there were 175 Socialist politicians in the state.
1653:
1543:
861:
816:
726:
611:
561:
403:
335:
262:
142:
3106:
2334:
2056:
1520:
811:
706:
451:
257:
2546:
in 1915. By the 1950s, its members felt more affiliation with the
1798:
1775:
1613:
3040:
Women in the Nonpartisan League in Adams and Hettinger Counties.
2967:
Moum, Kathleen. "The Social Origins of the Nonpartisan League."
1861:
banks made its loans, Minnesota millers handled its grain, and
1623:
1678:
2817:. Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press. pp. 56–59.
2795:"Harangue (The Trees Said to the Bramble Come Reign Over Us)"
2020:. Langer was later elected to the U.S. Senate, serving from
1946:, authorized a state hail insurance fund, and established a
2526:
Harangue (The Trees Said to the Bramble Come Reign Over Us)
2265:
1827:
3087:
Nonpartisan League in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia
3011:
Rude, Leslie G. "The Rhetoric of Farmer‐Labor Agitators."
3266:
Regional and state political parties in the United States
3091:
2978:
PhD Dissertation. University of California, Irvine, 1986.
2952:
Political Prairie Fire: The Nonpartisan League 1915–1922.
2682:
2039:
groups. The Insurgents wanted to merge the NPL with the
2347:
2160:
3286:
State and local socialist parties in the United States
2716:
Unequal Contest: Bill Langer and His Political Enemies
3154:
3066:(PhD Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1955).
1754:) was a left-wing political party founded in 1915 in
2246:
2954:
St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1955.
2558:(D-NPL, Esmond), chairman, and former Lt. Governor
2373:
North Dakota Commissioners of Agriculture and Labor
2891:
1995:1922 United States Senate election in North Dakota
1938:railroad. The legislature also passed a statewide
1873:. Rumors spread at a Society of Equity meeting in
2397:
2335:North Dakota Superintendent of Public Instruction
2209:
3237:
3102:Article on the NPL from the Progressive Populist
2961:vol. 34, no. 6 (Summer 1955), pp. 221–232.
2837:
2774:(2nd ed.). Anchor Press. pp. 145–147.
2660:North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party
2552:North Dakota Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party
2496:
2477:
2278:
2078:North Dakota Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party
1893:
109:North Dakota Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party
3073:vol. 39, no. 2 (April 1965), pp. 102–109.
3064:The Nonpartisan League in Minnesota: 1916–1924.
2838:Kodrzycki, Yolanda K; Elmatad, Tal (May 2011).
3261:Defunct political parties in the United States
3056:vol. 36, no. 1 (Winter 1986), pp. 36–49.
3022:vol. 20, no. 4 (Oct. 1946), pp. 235–252.
2769:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2585:. Two Alberta NPL members were elected in the
2309:
3140:
2792:
2080:, while much of the League's base joined the
1715:
3119:The Rise and Fall of the Non-Partisan League
3032:vol. 20, no. 1 (Jan. 1946), pp. 43–61.
3001:Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 1981.
2947:, (University of California Press, Berkeley)
2765:
2763:
2761:
2117:
2923:. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Howe, 1920.
2814:Profit's Prophet: Garet Garrett (1878–1954)
2732:
3147:
3133:
3115:Seattle newspaper associated with the NPL.
2930:vol. 36, no. 4 (March 1950), pp. 613–632.
2845:(Report). New England Public Policy Center
1961:" for the war. He and fellow party leader
1722:
1708:
1220:World Socialist Party of the United States
3113:Socialist Herald / The Herald (1915–1916)
3092:North Dakota Democratic-NPL Party Website
3054:Montana: The Magazine of Western History,
2758:
2718:. Crain Grosinger Publishing. p. 2.
2446:
1984:In 1918, opponents of the NPL formed the
1942:, which distinguished between earned and
1902:candidates in the 1916 elections. In the
1288:Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee
353:Communist Party USA and African Americans
3227:Political party strength in North Dakota
2916:PhD dissertation. Duke University, 1982.
2747:
2589:; the party was absorbed in 1919 by the
2266:North Dakota Public Service Commissioner
2104:
1733:
2650:Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
1506:A People's History of the United States
14:
3238:
3006:ND Humanities Council Occasional Paper
2866:
2686:Political Repression in Modern America
2542:The NPL arose as a faction within the
1920:United States House of Representatives
1890:around the start of the 20th century.
1738:1919 cover of the League's newspaper,
1318:International Workingmen's Association
1090:Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party
27:Political organization in North Dakota
3251:Political parties established in 1915
3128:
2999:The North Dakota Political Tradition.
2994:vol. 44, no. 1 (1977), pp. 4–13.
2987:vol. 6, no. 1 (1994), pp. 31–50.
2928:Mississippi Valley Historical Review,
2871:. Calgary: Fifth House. p. 223.
2810:
2713:
1965:received support for the League from
2892:Michelle L. Dennis (February 2006).
2862:
2860:
2617:National Register of Historic Places
2600:and corporate ownership of farmland.
2348:North Dakota Insurance Commissioners
2161:Lieutenant Governors of North Dakota
1313:International Socialist Organization
3276:1915 establishments in North Dakota
2940:(University of Chicago Press, 2015)
2609:Oliver and Gertrude Lundquist House
2063:. The Old Guard, also known as the
2012:was elected to the governorship in
2008:conditions of the 1930s. The NPL's
1910:won with 79% of the vote. In 1917,
1080:Freedom Road Socialist Organization
24:
2914:Origins of the Nonpartisan League.
2906:
2885:
2100:
1428:Workers Party of the United States
1398:Social Democratic Party of America
1145:Revolutionary Communist Party, USA
1120:Party for Socialism and Liberation
25:
3297:
3271:Political parties in North Dakota
3156:Political parties of North Dakota
3080:
2857:
2683:Goldstein, Robert Justin (2001).
2630:Agricultural Workers Organization
2517:award for best first film at the
2247:North Dakota Secretaries of State
1413:Students for a Democratic Society
1248:American Union of Associationists
1232:Inactive or defunct organizations
3049:(Summer 1983), pp. 255–262.
2507:(1978), a feature film starring
1689:
1677:
1403:Socialist Labor Party of America
1338:Maoist Internationalist Movement
1328:Labor Party of the United States
1095:Green Party of the United States
1070:Democratic Socialists of America
226:
2772:The Future of American Politics
2754:. University of Nebraska Press.
2655:Socialist Party of North Dakota
1988:. In 1921, the IVA organized a
1791:Socialist Party of North Dakota
1283:Democratic Socialist Federation
1115:New Afrikan Black Panther Party
1100:Industrial Workers of the World
99:Socialist Party of North Dakota
46:North Dakota Nonpartisan League
3206:Independent Voters Association
2831:
2804:
2786:
2707:
2676:
2524:The didactic historical novel
2398:North Dakota Tax Commissioners
2210:North Dakota Attorneys General
2109:Nonpartisan League meeting at
1986:Independent Voters Association
1928:North Dakota Mill and Elevator
1471:International Socialist Review
1378:Revolutionary Socialist League
13:
1:
2497:Representation in other media
2478:United States Representatives
2279:North Dakota State Treasurers
2082:North Dakota Republican Party
2041:North Dakota Democratic Party
1894:Rise to power in North Dakota
1055:Black Riders Liberation Party
294:1877 St. Louis general strike
2691:University of Illinois Press
2670:
2645:Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party
1842:, attended a meeting of the
1393:Social Democratic Federation
1383:Revolutionary Youth Movement
1373:Proletarian Party of America
1303:Independent Socialist League
1273:Communist League of Struggle
1160:South Carolina Workers Party
299:1912 Lawrence textile strike
7:
2985:Journal of Women's History,
2869:Saskatchewan: A New History
2623:
2605:Fred and Gladys Grady House
2579:Alberta Non-Partisan League
2310:North Dakota State Auditors
2059:and Democratic nominee for
1433:Young Patriots Organization
1388:Social Democracy of America
1268:Communist League of America
1180:Socialist Rifle Association
1060:Black Socialists in America
32:Alberta Non-Partisan League
10:
3302:
3008:, (1988) no. 1, pages 1–27
2943:Lipset, Seymour M. (1971)
2010:William "Wild Bill" Langer
1975:
1844:American Society of Equity
1840:Socialist Party of America
1784:
1768:Socialist Party of America
1408:Socialist Party of America
1110:National Progressive Party
474:2007–2008 financial crisis
348:American Protective League
336:Repression and persecution
173:Socialist Party of America
29:
3224:
3188:
3162:
2971:53 (Spring 1986): 18–22.
2615:, are listed on the U.S.
2591:United Farmers of Alberta
2536:
2118:Governors of North Dakota
2031:with pro-farmers' union,
2024:until his death in 1959.
1888:Northern Pacific Railroad
1075:Freedom Party of New York
469:1999 Seattle WTO protests
183:Politics of United States
178:
168:
156:
128:
114:
104:
94:
79:
64:
52:
43:
3062:Wasson, Stanley Philip.
2748:Robinson, Elwyn (1966).
2587:1917 provincial election
2410:Thorstein H. H. Thoresen
2191:Thorstein H. H. Thoresen
1696:United States portal
1564:Bill of Rights socialism
1308:International Socialists
1278:Communist Workers' Party
1238:American Indian Movement
1170:Socialist Equality Party
343:American Defense Society
304:Catholic Worker Movement
206:This article is part of
3256:History of North Dakota
2770:Lubell, Samuel (1956).
2751:History of North Dakota
1797:, who spoke at a large
1579:Individualist anarchism
1185:Socialist Workers Party
1135:Progressive Labor Party
1125:Peace and Freedom Party
1085:Freedom Socialist Party
158:Political position
3201:Democratic-Independent
2974:Moum, Kathleen Diane.
2921:The Nonpartisan League
2793:Garet Garrett (1927).
2714:Vogel, Robert (2004).
2640:Boll weevil (politics)
2613:Bismarck, North Dakota
2492:(1933–1941, 1943–1950)
2447:United States Senators
2381:(1917–1921, 1937–1938)
2255:(1913–1924, 1943–1954)
2144:(1933–1934, 1937–1939)
2114:
1997:, serving until 1940.
1948:workmen's compensation
1904:gubernatorial election
1743:
1740:The Nonpartisan Leader
1253:American Workers Party
1205:Working Families Party
457:Poor People's Campaign
399:Seattle General Strike
34:. For other uses, see
3071:Agricultural History,
3030:Agricultural History,
3020:Agricultural History,
3015:20.4 (1969): 280–285.
3013:Communication Studies
2992:North Dakota History,
2867:Waiser, Bill (2005).
2108:
1871:Saint Paul, Minnesota
1737:
1604:Libertarian socialism
1348:New American Movement
1165:Social Democrats, USA
1155:Socialist Alternative
379:Espionage Act of 1917
2969:North Dakota History
2811:Ryant, Carl (1989).
2571:Bank of North Dakota
2519:Cannes Film Festival
2073:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1940:graduated income tax
1932:Bank of North Dakota
1879:state representative
1855:Minneapolis-St. Paul
1684:Socialism portal
1644:Scientific socialism
1569:Democratic socialism
1243:American Labor Party
1049:Active organizations
430:Black power movement
309:Green Corn Rebellion
219:in the United States
169:National affiliation
139:Democratic socialism
3281:Localism (politics)
2919:Gaston, Herbert E.
2665:Alice Lorraine Daly
2428:John Kenneth Murray
2354:Sveinung A. Olsness
2322:David C. Poindexter
2111:Brush Lake, Montana
1832:Beach, North Dakota
1559:Anarcho-syndicalism
1511:Voluntary Socialism
1423:White Panther Party
1418:Weather Underground
1258:Black Panther Party
1215:Working Class Party
1210:Workers World Party
1175:Socialist Party USA
1105:Legal Marijuana Now
1065:Communist Party USA
447:March on Washington
358:Communist Party USA
248:Bishop Hill Commune
18:Non-Partisan League
3246:Nonpartisan League
3211:Nonpartisan League
3047:Minnesota History,
2959:Minnesota History,
2950:Morlan, Robert L.
2945:Agrarian Socialism
2936:Lansing, Michael.
2912:Ellsworth, Scott.
2115:
2049:Adlai Stevenson II
1883:Treadwell Twichell
1863:Alexander McKenzie
1748:Nonpartisan League
1744:
1358:Nonpartisan League
1298:Human Rights Party
1293:Farmer–Labor Party
479:Occupy Wall Street
389:John Birch Society
314:Labor unionization
135:Left-wing populism
3233:
3232:
3121:- PBS Documentary
3038:Schoeder, Lavern.
2598:corporate farming
2404:George E. Wallace
2366:Oscar E. Erickson
2341:Neil C. Macdonald
2197:Jack A. Patterson
1924:state legislature
1865:, North Dakota's
1824:Arthur C. Townley
1760:Arthur C. Townley
1732:
1731:
1664:Utopian socialism
1639:Post-left anarchy
1554:Anarcho-communism
1501:The Other America
1200:Spartacist League
527:Bellamy (Francis)
242:Utopian socialism
201:
200:
188:Political parties
105:Succeeded by
59:Arthur C. Townley
16:(Redirected from
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2635:Granger movement
2556:Buckshot Hoffner
2548:Democratic Party
2544:Republican Party
2385:Theodore Martell
2316:Carl R. Kositzky
2228:Arthur J. Gronna
2130:Arthur G. Sorlie
2088:, creation of a
2086:Taft–Hartley Act
2037:Democratic Party
2002:Great Depression
1970:German-Americans
1916:special election
1912:John Miller Baer
1900:Republican Party
1724:
1717:
1710:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1682:
1681:
1649:Social democracy
1619:Marxism–Leninism
1609:Market socialism
1491:Monopoly Capital
1486:Looking Backward
1451:Appeal to Reason
1150:Socialist Action
1130:Progressive Dane
872:Parsons (Albert)
752:Heywood (Angela)
522:Bellamy (Edward)
409:Smith Act trials
329:Women's suffrage
319:Haymarket affair
280:Oneida Community
269:Looking Backward
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95:Preceded by
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2581:and another in
2560:Lloyd B. Omdahl
2539:
2504:Northern Lights
2499:
2480:
2449:
2440:Claude P. Stone
2400:
2375:
2350:
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2259:James D. Gronna
2249:
2240:Alvin C. Strutz
2234:Peter O. Sathre
2212:
2163:
2120:
2103:
2101:Notable members
2033:organized labor
1990:recall election
1978:
1944:unearned income
1896:
1787:
1728:
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1574:Green anarchism
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1456:Current Affairs
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737:Haywood (Harry)
492:
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384:First Red Scare
287:Progressive Era
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1516:Why Socialism?
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3017:
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2510:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2491:
2490:William Lemke
2488:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
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2453:Edwin F. Ladd
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2414:
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2392:
2389:
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2364:
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2270:
2269:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2222:William Lemke
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2214:
2213:
2204:
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2198:
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2112:
2107:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2065:Capitol Crowd
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2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1963:William Lemke
1960:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1741:
1736:
1725:
1720:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1705:
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1697:
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1665:
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1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
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1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:Labor history
1587:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
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1567:
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1557:
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1539:American Left
1537:
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1530:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
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1429:
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1424:
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1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1363:Patriot Party
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1323:Justice Party
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
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2847:. Retrieved
2833:
2813:
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2806:
2788:
2771:
2749:
2715:
2709:
2685:
2678:
2583:Saskatchewan
2562:, Secretary.
2525:
2512:
2502:
2484:John M. Baer
2459:Lynn Frazier
2434:Owen T. Owen
2179:Ole H. Olson
2148:Ole H. Olson
2124:Lynn Frazier
2095:
2090:minimum wage
2069:conservative
2067:, were more
2026:
1999:
1983:
1979:
1967:isolationist
1952:
1908:Lynn Frazier
1897:
1852:
1848:Ford Model T
1830:farmer from
1821:
1819:, in Minot.
1814:
1788:
1780:
1756:North Dakota
1751:
1747:
1745:
1739:
1629:Minimum wage
1599:Labor unions
1461:Daily Worker
1357:
607:Davis (Mike)
463:Contemporary
462:
461:
422:civil rights
416:
415:
334:
333:
285:
284:
267:
240:
115:Headquarters
3175:Libertarian
2849:December 6,
2514:Camera d'Or
2486:(1917–1921)
2473:(1941–1959)
2467:(1925–1945)
2461:(1923–1941)
2455:(1921–1925)
2442:(1938–1939)
2436:(1937–1938)
2424:(1933–1935)
2412:(1925–1929)
2406:(1919–1921)
2393:(1939–1964)
2387:(1935–1936)
2368:(1937–1945)
2362:(1935–1936)
2356:(1917–1934)
2343:(1917–1918)
2330:(1935–1956)
2324:(1921–1924)
2318:(1917–1920)
2305:(1939–1940)
2299:(1933–1934)
2293:(1929–1932)
2287:(1919–1920)
2274:(1941–1949)
2261:(1935–1940)
2253:Thomas Hall
2242:(1937–1944)
2236:(1933–1937)
2218:(1917–1920)
2205:(1941–1943)
2199:(1939–1941)
2193:(1937–1939)
2181:(1933–1934)
2175:(1925–1928)
2169:(1919–1923)
2156:(1935–1937)
2150:(1934–1935)
2138:(1928–1929)
2132:(1925–1928)
2126:(1917–1921)
1955:World War I
1936:state-owned
1869:, lived in
1772:Minneapolis
1762:, a former
1333:Labor Party
394:McCarthyism
275:New Harmony
147:Agrarianism
36:Nonpartisan
3240:Categories
3196:Democratic
3180:Republican
2611:, both in
2528:(1926) by
2465:Gerald Nye
2422:J J. Weeks
1959:plutocrats
1816:Iconoclast
1659:Trotskyism
1594:Labor laws
1481:The Jungle
1343:Red Guards
1190:Solidarity
927:Ruthenberg
822:McReynolds
722:Harrington
647:Ehrenreich
587:Carmichael
435:COINTELPRO
253:Brook Farm
3216:Socialist
2671:Footnotes
2509:Joe Spano
2391:Matt Dahl
2061:president
2029:liberally
2006:Dust Bowl
1906:, farmer
1859:Minnesota
1836:organizer
1822:In 1914,
1811:Hillsboro
1801:rally at
1764:organizer
1654:Socialism
1634:Mutualism
1583:in the US
1548:in the US
1544:Anarchism
1353:New Party
972:Shachtman
807:Lovestone
424:movements
404:Smith Act
372:1937–1957
367:1919–1937
263:Jonestown
217:Socialism
193:Elections
163:Left-wing
143:Labourism
80:Dissolved
3075:In JSTOR
3058:in JSTOR
3034:In JSTOR
3024:In JSTOR
2963:In JSTOR
2932:in JSTOR
2780:6193934M
2624:See also
2607:and the
2057:Illinois
2053:governor
1934:, and a
1918:for the
1875:Bismarck
1838:for the
1803:Garrison
1766:for the
1521:ZNetwork
937:Sandburg
917:Roediger
892:Randolph
842:Mitchell
767:Hillquit
662:Feinberg
597:Cockburn
547:Brisbane
542:Bookchin
517:Balagoon
452:New Left
418:Anti-war
258:Icarians
208:a series
151:Localism
130:Ideology
123:Bismarck
3189:Defunct
3163:Current
2566:storms.
1976:Decline
1953:During
1877:that a
1799:antiwar
1785:History
1776:Chicago
1614:Marxism
1476:Jacobin
1466:Dissent
1027:Zeidler
992:Tankian
942:Sanders
867:Parenti
832:Morello
797:Labadie
782:Jameson
777:Hoffman
742:Hawkins
717:Hampton
712:Hammett
702:Guthrie
692:Graeber
687:Goldman
682:Gilmore
657:Fearing
642:Du Bois
637:Dreiser
632:De Leon
592:Chomsky
557:Browder
537:Berkman
507:Andrews
360:in the
324:May Day
237:History
85: (
70: (
65:Founded
2875:
2821:
2778:
2722:
2697:
2537:Legacy
2430:(1937)
2418:(1933)
2230:(1933)
2224:(1921)
2187:(1935)
2051:, the
2035:, and
1930:, the
1914:won a
1881:named
1834:, and
1624:Maoism
1032:Zerzan
1007:Turner
997:Thomas
987:Sweezy
977:Shakur
967:Seidel
962:Seeger
952:Sawant
922:Rustin
912:Rocker
897:Ripley
847:Newton
802:London
787:Keller
747:Hedges
697:Greene
677:Gitlow
672:Foster
627:Dennis
582:Cantor
577:Cannon
567:Butler
552:Brooks
532:Berger
512:Avrich
502:Alston
491:People
54:Leader
2897:(PDF)
2843:(PDF)
2798:(PDF)
2043:. In
1807:Rugby
1445:Works
1195:Spark
1017:Wolff
1002:Tlaib
982:Stone
957:Seale
947:Sakai
932:Sacco
907:Rocha
887:Piven
882:Piker
852:Noyes
827:Moore
817:Marcy
652:Ervin
572:Cabet
497:Abern
2873:ISBN
2851:2011
2819:ISBN
2720:ISBN
2695:ISBN
2603:The
2569:The
2045:1952
2022:1940
2018:1936
2016:and
2014:1932
2004:and
1828:flax
1826:, a
1809:and
1774:and
1746:The
1037:Zinn
1022:Wood
1012:West
902:Reed
862:Ochs
837:Most
792:King
772:Hoan
762:Hill
707:Hall
667:Ford
622:Debs
612:Dean
562:Bush
420:and
87:1956
83:1956
72:1915
68:1915
2055:of
1857:."
1758:by
1752:NPL
812:Lum
727:Hay
617:Day
3242::
2859:^
2776:OL
2760:^
2734:^
2689:.
1778:.
210:on
121:,
3148:e
3141:t
3134:v
3109:*
2899:.
2881:.
2853:.
2827:.
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2782:.
2728:.
2703:.
2521:.
2113:.
1750:(
1723:e
1716:t
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1581:(
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443:"
439:"
89:)
74:)
38:.
20:)
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