143:
293:, covered by a cuticle which preserved impressions of the underlying cells. He had found abundant disaggregated remains of all three features, none of which were connected to another, leaving his reconstruction of the phytodebris as parts of a single organism highly conjectural. No reproductive or vegetative structures common to the land plants are known, and certain members of the nematophyte plexus (including
113:
377:
Taylor, W. A.; Wellman, C. H. (2009). "Ultrastructure of
Enigmatic Phytoclasts (Banded Tubes) from the Silurian-Lower Devonian: Evidence for Affinities and Role in Early Terrestrial Ecosystems".
306:, with all manner of tubes and cell-patterned cuticles from around the Silurian being dubbed "nematophytic" more as a statement of ignorance than as a scientifically meaningful statement.
691:
McGregor and
Narbonne (1978): "Upper Silurian trilete spores and other microfossils from the Read Bay Formation, Cornwallis Island, Canadian Arctic"
267:
are a paraphyletic group of land organisms, probably including some plants as well as algae known only from the
709:
17:
650:
Edwards, D.; Selden, P. A.; Axe, L. (2012). "Selective
Feeding in an Early Devonian Terrestrial Ecosystem".
519:
Fayers; Trewin, Nigel H. (2003). "A review of the palaeoenvironments and biota of the
Windyfield chert".
142:
704:
659:
567:
477:
440:
386:
342:
8:
663:
571:
481:
444:
390:
346:
675:
591:
583:
536:
501:
493:
402:
358:
282:
172:
137:
635:
610:
595:
540:
468:
Niklas, K. J. (1976). "Chemical
Examinations of Some Non-Vascular Paleozoic Plants".
453:
424:
333:
Lang, W. H. (1937). "On the Plant-Remains from the
Downtonian of England and Wales".
303:
679:
505:
406:
667:
630:
575:
528:
485:
448:
394:
350:
286:
302:
The lack of a clear definition of the nematophytes has led to it being used as a
299:, axial conjugations of banded and branching tubes) seem to belong to the fungi.
129:
671:
398:
579:
532:
698:
277:
196:
125:
70:
354:
295:
272:
245:
235:
225:
206:
45:
587:
497:
290:
90:
55:
362:
310:
309:
Nematophytes, including cuticle and banded tubes, have been found in
95:
489:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
100:
75:
268:
112:
521:
Transactions of the Royal
Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences
154:
271:
record, from the
Silurian period until the early Devonian
558:
from the
Silurian Bloomsburg Formation of Pennsylvania".
429:: Coralline red algae from the Silurian of Gotland"
281:, which typifies the group, was first described by
335:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
696:
649:
422:
553:
467:
376:
313:that were apparently produced by millipedes.
643:
518:
547:
418:
416:
332:
608:
602:
328:
326:
111:
634:
512:
461:
452:
423:Smith, M. R.; Butterfield, N. J. (2013).
369:
623:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
413:
554:Strother, P.K. (1988). "New Species of
323:
132:. Cells about 12 ฮผm in diameter.
14:
697:
611:"Evidence for a fungal affinity for
285:in 1937, who envisioned it being a
24:
25:
721:
636:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01195.x
454:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01203.x
289:plant with tubular features and
141:
43:
375:Included in the Nematophyta by
13:
1:
609:Edwards, D.; Axe, L. (2012).
316:
7:
10:
726:
672:10.2110/palo.2011.p11-094r
399:10.2110/palo.2008.p08-046r
240:Burgess and Edwards, 1988
580:10.1017/S0022336000030237
533:10.1017/S0263593300000729
185:
180:
138:Scientific classification
136:
119:
110:
41:Upper Silurianโ Famennian
34:
27:Phylum of land organisms
560:Journal of Paleontology
355:10.1098/rstb.1937.0004
710:Early Devonian plants
124:, retrieved from the
181:Families and genera
664:2012Palai..27..509E
572:1988JPal...62..967S
482:1976Britt..28..113N
445:2013Palgy..56..345S
391:2009Palai..24..167T
347:1937RSPTB.227..245L
615:, a close ally of
275:. The type genus
304:wastebasket taxon
257:
256:
251:
241:
231:
212:
202:
176:
16:(Redirected from
717:
684:
683:
647:
641:
640:
638:
606:
600:
599:
551:
545:
544:
516:
510:
509:
465:
459:
458:
456:
420:
411:
410:
373:
367:
366:
341:(544): 245โ291.
330:
249:
239:
229:
210:
200:
189:Nematothallaceae
171:
158:
146:
145:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
31:
21:
725:
724:
720:
719:
718:
716:
715:
714:
705:Silurian plants
695:
694:
688:
687:
648:
644:
607:
603:
552:
548:
517:
513:
490:10.2307/2805564
466:
462:
425:"A new view on
421:
414:
374:
370:
331:
324:
319:
218:Nematophytaceae
170:
156:
140:
130:acid maceration
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
723:
713:
712:
707:
693:
692:
686:
685:
642:
601:
566:(6): 967โ982.
546:
511:
476:(1): 113โ137.
460:
439:(2): 345โ357.
412:
385:(3): 167โ180.
368:
321:
320:
318:
315:
255:
254:
253:
252:
242:
232:
214:
213:
203:
183:
182:
178:
177:
165:
161:
160:
152:
148:
147:
134:
133:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
37:
26:
18:Nematophytales
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
722:
711:
708:
706:
703:
702:
700:
690:
689:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
646:
637:
632:
628:
624:
620:
618:
614:
605:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
556:Nematothallus
550:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
515:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
464:
455:
450:
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442:
438:
434:
433:Palaeontology
430:
428:
427:Nematothallus
419:
417:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
372:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
329:
327:
322:
314:
312:
307:
305:
300:
298:
297:
292:
288:
284:
280:
279:
278:Nematothallus
274:
270:
266:
262:
248:
247:
243:
238:
237:
233:
228:
227:
223:
222:
221:
219:
211:Edwards, 1986
209:
208:
204:
199:
198:
197:Nematothallus
194:
193:
192:
190:
184:
179:
174:
169:
168:"Nematophyta"
166:
163:
162:
159:
153:
150:
149:
144:
139:
135:
131:
127:
126:Burgsvik beds
123:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
655:
651:
645:
626:
622:
617:Prototaxites
616:
613:Nematasketum
612:
604:
563:
559:
555:
549:
524:
520:
514:
473:
469:
463:
436:
432:
426:
382:
378:
371:
338:
334:
308:
301:
296:Nemataplexus
294:
276:
273:Rhynie chert
265:nematophytes
264:
260:
258:
250:Dawson, 1859
246:Prototaxites
244:
236:Nematasketum
234:
226:Nematoplexus
224:
217:
215:
207:Cosmochlaina
205:
195:
188:
186:
167:
122:Cosmochlaina
121:
29:
629:(1): 1โ18.
291:sporophytes
261:Nematophyta
230:Lyon, 1962
201:Lang, 1937
120:Cuticle of
35:Nematophyta
699:Categories
658:(7): 509.
527:(4): 325.
317:References
311:coprolites
596:130374628
541:129845220
470:Brittonia
157: (?)
151:Kingdom:
680:83960511
506:21794174
407:85698193
287:thallose
164:Phylum:
660:Bibcode
652:PALAIOS
588:1305385
568:Bibcode
498:2805564
478:Bibcode
441:Bibcode
387:Bibcode
379:PALAIOS
343:Bibcode
216:Family
187:Family
155:Plantae
678:
594:
586:
539:
504:
496:
405:
361:
269:fossil
175:, 1937
676:S2CID
592:S2CID
584:JSTOR
537:S2CID
502:S2CID
494:JSTOR
403:S2CID
363:92244
359:JSTOR
283:Lang
259:The
173:Lang
46:Pre๊
668:doi
631:doi
627:168
576:doi
529:doi
486:doi
449:doi
395:doi
351:doi
339:227
263:or
128:by
701::
674:.
666:.
656:27
654:.
625:.
621:.
590:.
582:.
574:.
564:62
562:.
535:.
525:94
523:.
500:.
492:.
484:.
474:28
472:.
447:.
437:56
435:.
431:.
415:^
401:.
393:.
383:24
381:.
357:.
349:.
337:.
325:^
220::
191::
96:Pg
682:.
670::
662::
639:.
633::
619:"
598:.
578::
570::
543:.
531::
508:.
488::
480::
457:.
451::
443::
409:.
397::
389::
365:.
353::
345::
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:๊
20:)
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