Ship model - Knowledge

186:

at the Hecht Museum, a dark-brown clay model of a 5th-century BCE oared boat, is one such craft. The vessel has no provenance, save for the reported location of its discovery off the Phoenician coast, but scientists have been able to tentatively confirm the origin and authenticity of this model. The model is of an oared boat manned by three pairs of oarsmen, who are rendered with "hands … raised to their chests, in the last instant of pulling the oar in the water, before lifting it for the recovery." The mystery of this model is the purpose of small holes- three on the starboard side, and four on port- that were made in the sides of the ship with a sharp tool before the clay dried. It is believed that the holes are too small to pass an oar through, and thus would not be used for rowing purposes. This is hard to prove, however, because the poorly preserved state of the model and the amount of fouling that is layered on the model makes it difficult to definitively rule out this possibility. Another theory regarding the purpose of these holes suggests that "ropes for holding oars were threaded through these holes."

684: 660: 221:

for catching fish. This ambiguity points up the question of artistic veracity of the craftsmen who make ship models. As is attested by the ambiguity of the holes in the sides of the Phoenician model, and the skiff from Meketre, archaeologists need to be aware of the possibility of artistic error while interpreting ancient ship models. While a mistake involving an inverted trawling net may seem trivial, the lesson is important. It is important for archaeologists to be aware of the possibility that ancient artists may not have been familiar with the finer details of ships and boats.

740: 1350: 1432: 152:, and depicted on pottery, coins seals and drinking cups. The model is a miniature of a vessel that would have been too small to be a typical warship. The presence of holes bored into 8 thwarts in the ship suggests that the thwarts may have been seats for a pegged-in dummy crew. If the holes bored into the thwarts are indeed meant to accommodate a dummy crew, the crew seating would have been arranged with two men per bench amidships, and one man per bench fore and aft where the ship narrows so that there is only room for one man. Alec Tilley (former 51: 491: 704: 644: 724: 96: 1413: 268: 1398: 39: 120:

expressed partly through the creation of boat and ship models. Ancient boat and ship models are made of a variety of materials and are intended for different purposes. The most common purposes for boat and ship models include burial votives, house hold articles, art, and toys. While archaeologists have found ship and boat models from societies all around the Mediterranean, the three of the most prolific ship model building cultures were the Greeks, Phoenicians, and Egyptians.

1326: 240: 1116: 1338: 2760: 1180: 1362: 260: 252: 367: 1386: 194:

and which he expected to use again in the next world." These boats have been categorised into two types: boat models that represent actual vessels used on the Nile, and boat models that represent boats that are considered necessary for religious purposes. The second type of model may or may not have been used in real life, but were purely magical boats. The majority of boats found in tombs are carved from wood.

2320: 1055: 116:. These models provide archaeologists with valuable information regarding seafaring technology and the sociological and economic importance of seafaring. In spite of how helpful ancient boat and ship models are to archaeologists, they are not always easily or correctly interpreted due to artists’ mistakes, ambiguity in the model design, and wear and tear over the centuries. 1208: 1128: 190:

may have been in real life. Archaeologists estimate the Phoenician vessel above (H-3134) to be about 6 meters long and the beam about 2 meters. Archaeologists are able to calculate these estimates of size by employing a series of assumptions about the distance between benches, the lateral distance between rowers, and a maximum draft of the vessel.

209:(2061–2010 BC). The wide variety of vessels depicted by the models in these two tombs has provided archaeologists new information on the types of boats that were used in Egypt. Moreover, the presence of boat and ship models in the tombs attests to the paramount importance of boats and ships to the Nile-going people of Egypt. 294:, dating from the 12th through the 15th centuries and found occasionally mounted in churches, where they were used in ceremonies to bless ships and those who sailed in them, or as votive offerings for successful voyages or surviving peril at sea, a practice which remained common in Catholic countries until the 19th century. 937:. For instance, if the drawings are in 1/4" scale and you intend to build in 3/16", tell the service to reduce them 25%. You can use the conversion table below to determine the percentage of change. You can easily work directly from the original drawings however, by changing scale each time you make a measurement. 335:

prisoners with ivory so that the models would be more decorative. For the most part, the models had carved wooden hulls with rigging made from human hair, horsehair, silk, or whatever other fine material could be obtained. Bone or ivory would be used for masts and spars, and as a thin veneer over the hull.

1135:

Larger ship models have been used in museums to document historical ships, in companies for decoration and public relations. These are typically built by commercial firms, or, in the past, model departments of large shipyards. One famous builder of ship models for the United States Navy was the firm

564:

plastic model ships have become increasingly popular. Consisting of preformed plastic parts which can be bonded together with plastic cement, these models are much simpler to construct than the more labor-intensive traditional wooden models. The inexpensive plastic kits were initially targeted to the

193:

Egyptian ship and boat models are perhaps some of the most well-preserved types of ship models available to archaeologists. Ancient Egyptian ship and boat models were most frequently placed in tombs of prominent people as "magical substitutes for the actual objects which the deceased has used in life

185:

Phoenician ship models also provide archaeologists information regarding the technical aspects of seafaring, and the cultural importance of seafaring for the ancient Phoenicians. However, some models offer tantalizing pieces of information that are, however, difficult to interpret. Item number H-3134

1264:

Model yachts are operating craft, which may be sail, steam, engine or electric motor powered, typically resembling pleasure power craft, although the hobby also includes the construction and operation of models of working ships such as tugboats and other craft shown in this article as static models.

976:

and then multiply them by the scale conversion factor. Scales are expressed in fractional inches, but fractions themselves are harder to work with than metric measurements. For example, a hatch measures 1" wide on the draft. You are building in 3/16" scale. Measuring the hatch in metric, you measure

575:

Scales vary as well, with many kits from the early days being "box scale"; that is, scaled to fit into a uniform sized box designed to fit conveniently on hobby shop shelves. Scales have since become more standardized to enable modelers to construct consistent scale collections, but there are still

338:

A consequence of Britain's naval supremacy in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was wide public interest in ships and ship models. Numerous fairly crude models were built as children's toys leading to the creation of functional, as opposed to decorative, ship models. Britain also led the world

323:

and were principally constructed during the 18th and 19th centuries to depict proposed warship design. Although many of these models did not illustrate the actual timbering or framing, they did show the form of the hull and usually had great detail of the deck furnishings, masts, spars, and general

220:

net slung between them. It is uncertain whether or not the net is meant to be depicted as being under the water or being pulled out of the water by the fishermen. In the event that the artist meant for the net to be in the water, it is upside down. Needless to say, the upside down net would not work

189:

Ship models are helpful to archaeologists in that they allow archaeologists to make estimates regarding the size the vessel would be in real life. While this technique makes the assumption that artists scaled the models appropriately, it is useful to get some sense of how large these ships and boats

181:

beyond the stem-post at both ends. Despite appearances, these projections are not rams. Because the model is depicting a fishing boat, there would be no need for rams. This model in particular has helped archaeologists understand that not all keel projections in depictions of boats during this time

636:

metal sets, usually stainless steel or brass, also provide much more realistic lifelines, cranes, and other details than are possible with the injection molded plastic kits. These photoetch sets have transformed the hobby, enabling the finescale modeler to reproduce very delicate details with much

1273:

Model shipwright guilds tend to concentrate their efforts on highly accurate static models of all types of watercraft and are social groupings intended to allow more experienced ship modellers the opportunity to pass on their knowledge to new members; to allow members of all levels of expertise to

1203:

Manned models are model ships that can carry and be handled by at least one person on an open expanse of water. They must behave just like real ships, giving the shiphandler the same sensations. Physical conditions such as wind, currents, waves, water depths, channels and berths must be reproduced

119:

Ships "were among the most technologically complex mechanisms of the ancient world." Ships made far-flung travel and trade more comfortable and economical, and they added a whole new facet to warfare. Thus, ships carried a great deal of significance to the people of the ancient world, and this is

983:

There is a simple conversion factor that allows you to determine the approximate size of a model by taking the actual measurements of the full-size ship and arriving at a scale factor. It is a rough way of deciding whether you want to build a model that is about two feet long, three feet long, or

123:

Archaeologists have determined that Ancient Greek ship models were used as burial or votive offerings and as household articles such as lamps or drinking vessels. The kinds of ships depicted in Ancient Greek models can be classified broadly as small craft, merchant vessels, and warships. Models

1318:

In private hands two of the largest collections belong to the hobbyists who made them. Philip Warren of England has a collection of 432 ship models built on the scale of 1:300, all of which he constructed himself. Erick Navas of Peru has a collection of 1005 warships, some of which he built from

521:

A variant of this technique, sometimes known as bread and butter construction (the wood is the "bread" and glue the "butter") is a hull built up from thin blocks of wood glued together with either a vertical seam which can be incorporated into deck design, or a horizontal seam. This reduces the

1277:

Some model shipwright guilds are incorporated into government and Naval facilities, achieving a semi-official status as a clearinghouse for information on naval history, ship design and, at times, teaching the craft of ship modeling, through model building, restoration, repair of the facility's

1151:

museum, required an estimated 77,000 man hours to construct. Commercial ship models are usually built to rigorous standards; for example the US Navy has an exacting set of specifications regarding the use of materials and methods with the aim of ensuring a model "lifespan" of one hundred years.

1039:

Although this technique allows you to judge the approximate length of a proposed model from its true footage, only square riggers will fit the approximate height and beam by the above factors. To approximate these dimensions on other craft, scale the drawings from which you found the length and

334:

French and English seamen who were taken prisoner were confined, sometimes for many years, and in their boredom sought relief by building ship models from scraps of wood and bone. This evolved into something of an art form and the models were sold to the public, which responded by supplying the

176:

postulates that the boat "cannot have been propelled by more than four oarsmen … so it can hardly be other than a fishing boat." As opposed to other Early Bronze Age ship and boat models, this model was not found in a burial context. This model is thought to be a child's toy or a piece of art,

1218:

The aim of training on manned models is to enable seamen to acquire or to develop manoeuvring skills through a better understanding of a ship's behaviour as it sails in restricted water conditions at manoeuvring speed. Manned models are considered by maritime pilots as the next best thing to a

164:

officer) suggests that a small ship with this type of seating arrangement would have been called a hemiolia, or a one-and-a-halfer. The name indicates that two oarsmen would have been seated on half of the benches and one on the others. Until this ship model was discovered, archaeologists,

224:

Despite some of the limitations of interpreting ancient Mediterranean ship models, archaeologists have been able to glean a great deal of information from these items. This information has been instrumental in filling in gaps in knowledge about ancient seafaring technology and culture.

987:

Here is a ship model conversion example using a real ship, the Hancock. This is a frigate appearing in Chappelle's "History of American Sailing Ships". In this example we want to estimate its size as a model. We find that the length is given at 136' 7", which rounds off to 137 feet.

394:

and improvements in machine tools enabled significant advances in ship modelling from 1900 onwards. Thin, workable sheets of iron could be coated with tin to prevent rusting, then mass-produced as parts of ship model kits. The process was pioneered by French ship model manufacturer

1076:

and 1:1250 scale were maneuvered on large playing surfaces to either recreate a historical battle, or in the case of governments, plan for future encounters. These models were basic representations of ship types, with enough detail to make them recognizable.

141:

was like. Archaeologists have tentatively dated the Kassel model to be from the 6th or 5th centuries BC through iconographic and literary sources. This ship model is made of clay and features a distinctive prow shaped like a boar's head that is described by

439:

and has been in print continuously since 1950. In recent years, widespread internet access has played a major role in promoting ship modelling, offering enthusiasts the opportunity to show off their work and share techniques. Internet sites such as

399:, which produced a line of zinc boats with pressurised steam engines, wooden decking and brass fittings. The speed of production for tinplate vessels enabled one 1909 manufacturer to produce ship models of speedboats that had competed that year in 1314:

The largest collection of ship models is thought to be the collection at the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, which numbers nearly 5,000, most of which are held in the Model Store at the No. 1 Smithery at the Historic Dockyard Chatham, Kent.

1166:

Some hobbyists build and operate scale model ships utilizing radio control equipment. These can range from small models that can be operated in aquariums to vessels capable of navigating large bodies of water. Further expanding the concept is

545:

are erected, deadwood and strengthening pieces inserted, and a series of shaped frames are built and erected along the keel to form the internal framework of the model. The planks are then applied over the frame to form the external covering.

631:

Another recent development has been the advent of aftermarket parts to enhance the basic kits. Decals, specialized paints and turned metal replacement gun barrels are available to make plastic models more accurate. The introduction of flat

1246:. The facility uses manned models at a 1:25 scale on a man-made lake designed to simulate natural conditions in harbours, canals, and open seas. It was the first such facility in the world. The centre was originally created in 1967 near 683: 1431: 659: 386:

in the United States. Early 20th century models comprised a combination of wooden hulls and cast lead for anchors, deadeyes, and rigging blocks. These materials gradually gave way to plastic precast sets.

1223:. While manoeuvres with currents, waves, tugs, anchors, bank effects, etc. are reproduced more accurately on scale models, numerical simulators are more realistic when it comes to the bridge environment. 627:

and many others in producing a wide array of model subjects. The plastic model kit market has shifted over the years to a focus on adult hobbyists willing to pay for more elaborate, higher quality kits.

565:

postwar generation who could glue them together and produce passable replicas in a single afternoon. Plastic models are available in both full hull and waterline versions for a wide variety of vessels.

1215:

Manned models are used for research (e.g. ship behaviour), engineering (e.g. port layout) and for training in shiphandling (e.g. maritime pilots, masters and officers). They are usually at 1:25 scale.

643: 327:

Admiralty models served to educate civilians who were involved in the financing or some other aspect of the ship, to avoid construction errors that might have evolved as the ship itself took form.

1361: 977:

25 mm. T he conversion factor for 1/4" to 3/16', according to the conversion table is .75. So 25 mm x .75 = 18.75 mm, or about 19 mm. That is the hatch size in 3/16" scale.

1872: 518:

can be constructed in several ways. The simplest is a solid wood hull sawn and carved from a single block of wood. This method requires the greatest skill to achieve accurate results.

933:

use the actual blueprints for the original vessel. One can take drawings for the original ship to a blueprint service and have them blown up, or reduced to bring them to the new

271: 723: 478:

Metal—usually cast lead or other alloys. Steel, sheet tin and aluminum brass are used less frequently for hull construction, but are used extensively for adding details.

739: 1811: 301:

would construct models to show prospective customers how the full size ship would appear and to illustrate advanced building techniques. These were also useful for

1099:

was commissioned to build identification models at a scale of 1 ft (0.30 m) to 64 ft (20 m). He produced 1:1200 models of freighters for the

604: 413: 1605: 1412: 1072:

since antiquity, but the introduction of elaborate rules made the practice more popular in the early 20th century. Small miniature ships, often in

703: 165:

classicists, and historians had only been able to hypothesize on what the seating arrangement might have been like on a hemiolia based on its name.

1837: 537:

designs build the model just as the full size wooden ship is constructed. The keel is laid down in a manner which keeps it straight and true. The

1291: 588:). Nevertheless, mainstream plastic kit manufacturers continue to produce kits as small as 1/1200 and as large as 1/72, with a few even larger. 2045: 436: 212:

The boat models discovered at Meketre's tomb feature several different kinds of boats, including traveling boats, sporting boats, and several

608: 324:

configuration. Some of these grand models were decorated with carvings of great beauty and were evidently constructed by teams of artisans.

432: 182:

are necessarily rams. Instead, keel projections on depictions of Bronze Age ships are explained as cut-waters or as beaching protection.

1219:

full-scale prototype for understanding a ship's behaviour. Those who have trained on both claim that scale models are complementary to

396: 297:

Until the early 18th century, virtually all European small craft and many larger vessels were built without formal plans being drawn.

1191:

are used to apply measured data from a scaled model to the full scale design. Models are often tested in special facilities known as

1187:

Model ships are important in the field of engineering, where analytical modeling of a new design needs to be verified. Principals of

1019:

To convert feet (of the actual ship) to the number of inches long that the model will be, use the factors in the table on the right.

1974: 1227: 2297: 2165: 1397: 371: 2352: 1921: 127:

Greek warships were popular subjects to be made in miniature. One particular model, acquired by the Staatliches Museum (engl.:

576:

many to choose from. In Europe 1/400 scale remains popular, while in the United States and Japan the most popular scales are

2689: 1684:

Raban, A. and Y. Kahanow. 2003. "Clay Models of Phoenician Vessels in the Hecht Museum at the University of Haifa, Israel."

1668:

Raban, A. and Y. Kahanow. 2003. "Clay Models of Phoenician Vessels in the Hecht Museum at the University of Haifa, Israel."

2694: 1947: 112:

Ancient ship and boat models have been discovered throughout the Mediterranean, especially from ancient Greece, Egypt, and

1896: 275: 1851: 2272: 2247: 690: 568:

A more recent addition has been a variety of kits in cold cure resin marketed by various small companies as part of a

2175: 2127: 1957: 1821: 1349: 1295: 1230:

is a French maritime pilotage school specializing in training for pilots, masters, and officers on large ships like

2324: 2117: 468:

Wood—commonly solid wood, two pieces of wood with a vertical seam or slabs of wood placed one on top of each other.

412:

magazine published an extended series of articles and plans for famous ships by modeller and former Navy officer

522:

amount of carving required, but still requires skill and the use of templates to achieve an accurate hull form.

1022:

To find the principal dimensions (length, height, and width) of a (square rigged) model in 1/8" scale, then:

980:

Conversion is a fairly simple task once you start measuring in metric and converting according to the scale.

383: 138: 76:. They can range in size from 1/6000 scale wargaming miniatures to large vessels capable of holding people. 1599: 172:, Crete, dating to around 3000BC, is thought to be too small to be a war ship. Belgian maritime historian 2673: 1765:

Model fishing boats from the Tomb of Meketre (TT280), now found in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo (JE 46715).

247:

hanging in a church; the workmanship is somewhat crude, but sufficient to identify it as mid-19th-century

17: 1081:

marketed these to the public in England, along with more detailed versions that appealed to collectors.

481:

Paper—preprinted paper construction kits are common in Europe, and are available in a variety of scales.

2390: 2345: 650: 533:

along the keel to form a shaped stage which will be covered with planks to form the hull of the model.

378:

In the early part of the 20th century, amateur ship model kits became available from companies such as

1325: 1445:

model. Originally issued in 1956, it was among the earliest injection molded plastic ship model kits.

1073: 710: 502: 306: 1385: 471:

Plastic—including both injected styrene and cast resin models. In larger scales (1/192 and larger),

2721: 2699: 2442: 1337: 2763: 2215: 1283: 2143: 2579: 2422: 1096: 456:

focus largely on aircraft or other subjects can regularly feature plastic ship models as well.

202: 2338: 1471: 1287: 1161: 624: 424:

in 1929, with him as secretary and treasurer and marine artist and fellow ship model builder

148: 32: 2787: 2641: 2028: 1466: 1168: 1148: 1141: 616: 530: 525:

Modelling precision and lightweight design can be achieved by creating a hollow hull. The

168:

Not all ancient Greek ship models are of warships. One boat model from a house deposit in

8: 2447: 2380: 1220: 1104: 620: 355: 282:

Some of the oldest surviving European ship models have been those of early craft such as

137:, Germany, proves to be helpful to archaeologists and historians in understanding what a 1986: 2504: 1831: 1586:

Tilley, A. 2007. "Rowing Ancient Warships: Evidence from a Newly Published Ship Model.

1476: 1404: 1188: 1100: 666: 612: 509: 352: 160: 420:

was the "recognized leader of the ship model building hobby" of his time founded the

50: 2737: 2301: 2171: 2123: 2092: 1953: 1817: 771: 558: 515: 495: 490: 344: 318: 129: 2010:

Macarthur, Antonia (2008-05-01). "Bateaux Jouets – Toy Boats from Paris 1850–1950".

1925: 2744: 2473: 1496: 1303: 1089: 940:

The equation for converting a measurement in one scale to that of another scale is

694: 569: 1774:

Hirschfeld, N. 2009. "Egyptian Seafaring." Class Lecture, 23 January, San Antonio.

1035:

Typically, the beam of this model will be its length divided by 4, or about 6 1/2"

2192: 2050: 1609: 1049: 934: 408: 331: 84: 1032:

Typically, the height of this model will be its length less 10% or about 23.1/2"

95: 2792: 2375: 1900: 1568:

Gottlicher, A. 2004. "A Newly Acquired Ancient Ship-model in Kassel, Germany."

1555:

Gottlicher, A. 2004. "A Newly Acquired Ancient Ship-model in Kassel, Germany."

1461: 1456: 1259: 1235: 1137: 1061: 28: 958:

Example: A yardarm is 6" long in 3/16" scale. Find its length in 1/8" scale.

406:

Ship modelling in the United States experienced a boom in the late 1920s when

2781: 2716: 2478: 2410: 1422: 1299: 1279: 1078: 973: 600: 379: 302: 267: 177:

instead of a burial offering. The model itself features a projection of the

100: 43: 2275:. Carderock Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center. May 2007. Archived from 2273:"Specifications for construction of exhibition models of U.S. Naval vessels" 2250:. Carderock Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center. May 2007. Archived from 1029:

Find 50% of 17.125 and add it to 17.125 (8.56 + 17.125 = 25.685, about 25.5)

2706: 2468: 2432: 2405: 2276: 2251: 1372: 1085: 1058: 767: 749: 674: 633: 80: 38: 572:. These often cover more obscure subjects than mainstream manufacturers. 239: 124:

were cast in different materials, including wood, bronze, lead, and clay.

2668: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2463: 2427: 2417: 2361: 1438: 1298:

and providing work and meeting to them aboard space aboard the ferryboat

1243: 1239: 1231: 1192: 1115: 990: 781: 745: 730: 585: 581: 577: 561: 542: 234: 198: 69: 1784: 653:, which is heavily detailed with aftermarket photo-etch detailing parts. 2726: 2711: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2499: 2494: 1722: 1700: 1069: 930: 763: 472: 351:

in 1845. By the 1880s there were three model sailing clubs sharing the

313: 298: 154: 1852:"The Pilkington Collection of French Prisoner of War Miniature Models" 1179: 766:

model ships of many types and in many scales. These range from simple

2663: 2653: 2648: 2616: 2400: 2385: 2067: 1376: 538: 143: 113: 55: 1924:. Hunterian Art Gallery, University of Glasgow. 1999. Archived from 1899:. The Model Yacht Sailing Association. December 2003. Archived from 263:

Closeup of the frigate's quarterdeck, showing quality of the detail.

27:

This article is about static model ships. For operating models, see

2731: 2611: 2606: 2601: 1813:

Ship Models, Their Purpose and Development from 1650 to the Present

1367:

Model ship made with non-traditional materials: rolled-up tubes of

1247: 549:

A wooden hull can be used for operating models if properly sealed.

449: 391: 259: 251: 217: 2330: 1171:, in which scale models fire projectiles at each other in combat. 733:

Skywave/Pit-Road Japanese destroyer is about the size of a pencil.

452:

are oriented to plastic model ship builders, while others such as

2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2395: 1499:. The Invergordon Naval Museum and Heritage Centre. December 2007 670: 366: 291: 287: 244: 213: 206: 169: 2018:. Sydney, Australia: Australian National Maritime Museum: 11–15. 929:

Instead of using plans made specifically for models, many model

580:(making a World War Two aircraft carrier about a foot long) and 441: 2319: 1419: 596: 592: 400: 283: 134: 1092:

became a leader in the field but the war ended its dominance.

1054: 370:

Model of a frigate at the Naval History Museum located in the

1368: 1207: 1127: 453: 445: 2658: 1274:

exchange new ideas, as well as serving as social function.

178: 73: 2248:"US Navy ship models built by the Gibbs & Cox Company" 1875:. National Maritime Museum (United Kingdom). December 2007 1633:

Basch, L. 1975. "Another Punic Wreck in Sicily: its ram."

1290:

adjacent to the berth for the vessel itself, as does the

669:

1/700 scale assembled model of Japanese Aircraft-Carrier

197:

Several boat and ship models were found in the tomb of

1748: 1746: 783:

Table of Scale Conversion Factors

2194:

Miniature Ship Models A History and Collector's Guide

1715: 1713: 1711: 1306:

where they are considered working museum volunteers.

309:

onwards extensive use of models was made by artists.

693:

based on the photo of her before sinking during the

464:

The most common materials used for ship models are:

1897:"Club history: The Model Yacht Sailing Association" 1743: 1708: 54:Model ship cross sections on display in a shop in 2163: 1095:Upon the United States' entry into World War II, 1026:Find scaled length by dividing 137 by 8 = 17.125" 2779: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1292:San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park 2119:Basics of Ship Modeling: The Illustrated Guide 1614:5th International Congress of Maritime History 591:The early plastic model kit producers such as 83:itself, stretching back to ancient times when 2346: 1680: 1678: 1653: 1575: 1403:Detail of a model that shows men operating a 431:The world's leading magazine for this hobby, 216:crafts. Two of the papyriform skiffs have a 1836:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1810:Lavery, Brian & Stephens, Simon (1995). 1622: 1854:. Merseyside Maritime Museum. December 2007 1650:Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press P. 12. 1533:Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press P.127. 1286:operates a model shipwright guild from the 777: 2353: 2339: 2167:Wiking-modelle.: Die Schiffe und Flugzeuge 2164:Schönfeldt, Peter; Hogardt, Klaus (1998). 1675: 1546:Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press P127. 1520:Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press P129. 1268: 339:in model ship sailing clubs – in 1838 the 2046:"McCann founds a Ship Model Makers′ Club" 2009: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1544:Ship and Boat Models from Ancient Greece. 1531:Ship and Boat Models from Ancient Greece. 1518:Ship and Boat Models from Ancient Greece. 1250:by Laboratoire Dauphinois d'Hydraulique. 972:It is easier to make measurements in the 2111: 2109: 2030:Homage to Captain Armitage McCann (pt.2) 1922:"Brief History: Basset-Lowke and No. 78" 1738:Model Boats from the Tomb of Tutankamun. 1206: 1178: 1126: 1114: 1053: 489: 459: 365: 266: 258: 250: 238: 107: 94: 49: 37: 2005: 2003: 1891: 1889: 1756:Austin: University of Texas Press P 30. 1648:Ship and Boat Models in Ancient Greece. 1228:Port Revel Shiphandling Training Centre 1131:Large scale model warships in San Diego 255:Model of a 19th-century English frigate 14: 2780: 2190: 2184: 2068:"Welcome to MODEL BOATS – Model Boats" 1972: 1809: 1798: 42:Model of a 19th-century vessel in the 2334: 2208: 2115: 2106: 1174: 1040:arrive at her mast heights and beam. 529:technique inserts a series of shaped 2000: 1945: 1886: 1873:"Ship Models – Prisoner of War Work" 1211:Manned model of a 250 000 dwt tanker 954:F = Conversion factor between scales 649:Details of 1/700 scale model of the 2360: 1949:Bassett-Lowke Waterline Ship Models 557:In the decades since World War Two 276:Peterborough Museum and Art Gallery 79:Ship modeling is a craft as old as 24: 2033:at Ship Modellers Association.com 1975:"Here Today, Maybe Gone Tomorrow?" 1296:Hyde Street Pier Model Shipwrights 1119:Large commercial model of the IJN 948:D1 = Dimension in the "from-scale" 752:brass rails and other refinements. 25: 2804: 2312: 2170:(in German). Koehler Publishing. 1600:Short Biography of Alec Tilly at 709:1/720 scale plastic model of the 689:A converted 1/700 scale model of 2759: 2758: 2318: 1430: 1411: 1396: 1384: 1360: 1348: 1336: 1324: 1155: 951:D2 = Dimension in the "to-scale" 738: 722: 702: 682: 658: 642: 312:Ship models constructed for the 2290: 2265: 2240: 2157: 2136: 2122:. Kalmbach Publishing Company. 2085: 2060: 2039: 2022: 1966: 1939: 1914: 1865: 1844: 1777: 1768: 1759: 1740:Oxford: Griffith Institute P 1. 1730: 1727:Oxford: Griffith Institute P 3. 1705:Oxford: Griffith Institute P 2. 1691: 1640: 1103:'s Submarine Attack Teacher at 1068:Model ships have been used for 691:Japanese aircraft carrier Hiryū 2223:The Dukes County Intelligencer 1616:23. June 2008 – 27. June 2008 1593: 1562: 1549: 1536: 1523: 1510: 1489: 1425:of the South Goodwin Lightship 1309: 1110: 475:is often used for hull shells. 435:, is published from the UK by 13: 1: 2581:Standard gauge railway scales 2298:"Puget Sound Maritime Pilots" 2095:. Advarneg Incorporated. 2007 1721:Model Boats from the Tomb of 1699:Model Boats from the Tomb of 1602:4F Classical Maritime History 1482: 1147:, which is on display at the 757: 748:plastic model completed with 361: 1140:; a 1/48 scale model of the 1043: 494:A "plank on frame" model of 416:. McCann, who, according to 372:Palacio de Correos de Mexico 305:, and it is clear that from 7: 2643:Narrow gauge railway scales 2216:"Tisbury's Table-Top Fleet" 1973:Wegner, Dana (March 2007). 1450: 1391:Model ships in a model town 1183:Test model in a towing tank 673:completed with aftermarket 10: 2809: 1418:4-year-old boy painting a 1257: 1159: 1123:on display at Pearl Harbor 1047: 651:Japanese battleship Yamato 607:have since been joined by 552: 507: 341:Serpentine Sailing Society 232: 90: 26: 2754: 2682: 2487: 2456: 2368: 1979:Nautical Research Journal 1253: 1198: 485: 307:Dutch Golden Age Painting 228: 2056:Retrieved 17. April 2013 2035:Retrieved 17. April 2013 1618:Retrieved 17. April 2013 1355:Philip Warren collection 1331:Detail of a full-rigger 778:Scale conversion factors 347:, followed by the first 99:model ship from a tomb, 2197:. Pen & Sword Books 1952:. New Cavendish Books. 1284:USS Constitution Museum 1269:Model shipwright guilds 965:D2 = 6" X .67 = 4.02 = 503:US Naval Academy Museum 422:Ship Model Makers′ Club 349:London Model Yacht Club 2229:(2): 51. November 1994 2144:"Tethered Hydroplanes" 2054:, March 1929, pg. 114 1497:"HMS Invincible Model" 1343:Erick Navas collection 1212: 1184: 1132: 1124: 1097:Charles King Van Riper 1065: 505: 375: 279: 264: 256: 248: 104: 58: 47: 2191:Jacobs, Paul (2008). 1646:Johnston, P.F. 1985. 1542:Johnston, P.F. 1985. 1529:Johnston, P.F. 1985. 1516:Johnston, P.F. 1985. 1472:Radio-controlled boat 1288:Charlestown Navy Yard 1210: 1182: 1162:Radio-controlled boat 1130: 1118: 1088:, the German company 1057: 1005:Feet divided by 5.33 625:Dragon Models Limited 493: 460:Types of construction 382:in Great Britain and 369: 272:Prisoner-of-war model 270: 262: 254: 242: 205:, and in the tomb of 201:, dating back to the 108:Ancient Mediterranean 98: 87:was first developed. 53: 41: 33:Radio-controlled boat 2327:at Wikimedia Commons 2116:Ashey, Mike (2000). 2072:www.modelboats.co.uk 1946:Head, Derek (1997). 1467:Model warship combat 1278:models, as well as, 1169:model warship combat 1149:Washington Navy Yard 962:F = .67 (from table) 770:to models of racing 619:, Skywave/Pit-Road, 316:were referred to as 1985:(1). Archived from 1221:computer simulators 1105:Groton, Connecticut 784: 390:The development of 1608:2015-10-29 at the 1477:Wooden Ship Models 1294:by sponsoring the 1213: 1185: 1175:Engineering models 1133: 1125: 1101:United States Navy 1066: 1013:Feet divided by 4 997:Feet divided by 8 782: 762:Enthusiasts build 584:(twice as long as 514:Wooden ship model 510:Wooden ship models 506: 501:on display at the 414:E. Armitage McCann 376: 353:Kensington Gardens 280: 265: 257: 249: 105: 59: 48: 2772: 2771: 2738:Diecast Collector 2323:Media related to 1787:. Henning Thalund 1437:Completed Revell 1017: 1016: 927: 926: 527:plank on bulkhead 450:Model Shipwrights 442:Modelwarships.com 16:(Redirected from 2800: 2762: 2761: 2745:Meccano Magazine 2355: 2348: 2341: 2332: 2331: 2322: 2306: 2305: 2300:. Archived from 2294: 2288: 2287: 2285: 2284: 2269: 2263: 2262: 2260: 2259: 2244: 2238: 2237: 2235: 2234: 2220: 2212: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2202: 2188: 2182: 2181: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2152: 2151: 2140: 2134: 2133: 2113: 2104: 2103: 2101: 2100: 2093:"Toy Model Kits" 2089: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2064: 2058: 2043: 2037: 2026: 2020: 2019: 2007: 1998: 1997: 1995: 1994: 1970: 1964: 1963: 1943: 1937: 1936: 1934: 1933: 1918: 1912: 1911: 1909: 1908: 1893: 1884: 1883: 1881: 1880: 1869: 1863: 1862: 1860: 1859: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1835: 1827: 1807: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1792: 1781: 1775: 1772: 1766: 1763: 1757: 1752:Jones, D. 1995. 1750: 1741: 1736:Jones, D. 1990. 1734: 1728: 1719:Jones, D. 1990. 1717: 1706: 1697:Jones, D. 1990. 1695: 1689: 1682: 1673: 1666: 1651: 1644: 1638: 1631: 1620: 1597: 1591: 1584: 1573: 1566: 1560: 1553: 1547: 1540: 1534: 1527: 1521: 1514: 1508: 1507: 1505: 1504: 1493: 1434: 1415: 1400: 1388: 1364: 1352: 1340: 1328: 1304:Hyde Street Pier 991: 984:four feet long. 785: 742: 726: 706: 695:Battle of Midway 686: 662: 646: 570:cottage industry 559:injection-molded 278:in Peterborough. 139:hemiolia warship 21: 2808: 2807: 2803: 2802: 2801: 2799: 2798: 2797: 2778: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2768: 2750: 2722:Miniature model 2678: 2483: 2452: 2364: 2362:Scale modelling 2359: 2325:Models of ships 2315: 2310: 2309: 2296: 2295: 2291: 2282: 2280: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2257: 2255: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2232: 2230: 2218: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2200: 2198: 2189: 2185: 2178: 2162: 2158: 2149: 2147: 2142: 2141: 2137: 2130: 2114: 2107: 2098: 2096: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2076: 2074: 2066: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2051:Popular Science 2044: 2040: 2036: 2027: 2023: 2008: 2001: 1992: 1990: 1971: 1967: 1960: 1944: 1940: 1931: 1929: 1920: 1919: 1915: 1906: 1904: 1895: 1894: 1887: 1878: 1876: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1857: 1855: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1829: 1828: 1824: 1808: 1799: 1790: 1788: 1783: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1760: 1751: 1744: 1735: 1731: 1718: 1709: 1696: 1692: 1683: 1676: 1667: 1654: 1645: 1641: 1632: 1623: 1619: 1610:Wayback Machine 1598: 1594: 1585: 1576: 1567: 1563: 1554: 1550: 1541: 1537: 1528: 1524: 1515: 1511: 1502: 1500: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1453: 1446: 1443: (WHEC-37) 1435: 1426: 1416: 1407: 1401: 1392: 1389: 1380: 1365: 1356: 1353: 1344: 1341: 1332: 1329: 1312: 1271: 1262: 1256: 1236:container ships 1204:realistically. 1201: 1177: 1164: 1158: 1138:Gibbs & Cox 1113: 1062:die-cast models 1052: 1050:Naval wargaming 1046: 780: 760: 753: 743: 734: 727: 718: 707: 698: 687: 678: 663: 654: 647: 555: 512: 488: 462: 418:Popular Science 409:Popular Science 364: 343:was started in 332:Napoleonic wars 290:, and possibly 237: 231: 110: 93: 85:water transport 36: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2806: 2796: 2795: 2790: 2770: 2769: 2767: 2766: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2749: 2748: 2741: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2703: 2702: 2697: 2690:List of brands 2686: 2684: 2683:Related topics 2680: 2679: 2677: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2491: 2489: 2485: 2484: 2482: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2460: 2458: 2454: 2453: 2451: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2414: 2413: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2372: 2370: 2366: 2365: 2358: 2357: 2350: 2343: 2335: 2329: 2328: 2314: 2313:External links 2311: 2308: 2307: 2304:on 2007-09-06. 2289: 2264: 2239: 2207: 2183: 2176: 2156: 2135: 2128: 2105: 2084: 2059: 2055: 2038: 2034: 2021: 1999: 1965: 1958: 1938: 1913: 1885: 1864: 1843: 1822: 1797: 1785:"Church Ships" 1776: 1767: 1758: 1742: 1729: 1707: 1690: 1674: 1652: 1639: 1621: 1617: 1592: 1574: 1561: 1548: 1535: 1522: 1509: 1487: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1462:Model yachting 1459: 1457:Model airplane 1452: 1449: 1448: 1447: 1436: 1429: 1427: 1417: 1410: 1408: 1402: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1383: 1381: 1366: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1323: 1311: 1308: 1282:services. The 1270: 1267: 1260:model yachting 1258:Main article: 1255: 1252: 1200: 1197: 1176: 1173: 1160:Main article: 1157: 1154: 1112: 1109: 1048:Main article: 1045: 1042: 1037: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1007: 1006: 1003: 999: 998: 995: 970: 969: 963: 956: 955: 952: 949: 925: 924: 921: 918: 915: 911: 910: 907: 904: 901: 897: 896: 893: 890: 887: 883: 882: 879: 876: 873: 869: 868: 865: 862: 859: 855: 854: 851: 848: 845: 841: 840: 837: 834: 831: 827: 826: 823: 820: 817: 813: 812: 809: 806: 803: 799: 798: 795: 792: 789: 779: 776: 759: 756: 755: 754: 744: 737: 735: 728: 721: 719: 708: 701: 699: 688: 681: 679: 664: 657: 655: 648: 641: 554: 551: 535:Plank on frame 508:Main article: 487: 484: 483: 482: 479: 476: 469: 461: 458: 428:as president. 363: 360: 303:marine artists 230: 227: 109: 106: 92: 89: 29:Model yachting 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2805: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2785: 2783: 2776: 2765: 2757: 2756: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2742: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2717:Miniature art 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2688: 2687: 2685: 2681: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2644: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2582: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2492: 2490: 2486: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2381:Architectural 2379: 2377: 2374: 2373: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2356: 2351: 2349: 2344: 2342: 2337: 2336: 2333: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2316: 2303: 2299: 2293: 2279:on 2008-01-02 2278: 2274: 2268: 2254:on 2008-02-19 2253: 2249: 2243: 2228: 2224: 2217: 2211: 2196: 2195: 2187: 2179: 2177:3-7822-0731-9 2173: 2169: 2168: 2160: 2146:. Mpba.org.uk 2145: 2139: 2131: 2129:0-89024-372-7 2125: 2121: 2120: 2112: 2110: 2094: 2088: 2073: 2069: 2063: 2053: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2032: 2031: 2025: 2017: 2013: 2006: 2004: 1989:on 2008-03-06 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1969: 1961: 1959:1-872727-72-7 1955: 1951: 1950: 1942: 1928:on 2007-11-14 1927: 1923: 1917: 1903:on 2007-11-14 1902: 1898: 1892: 1890: 1874: 1868: 1853: 1847: 1839: 1833: 1825: 1823:0-302-00654-0 1819: 1815: 1814: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1786: 1780: 1771: 1762: 1755: 1749: 1747: 1739: 1733: 1726: 1724: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1704: 1702: 1694: 1687: 1681: 1679: 1671: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1649: 1643: 1636: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1596: 1589: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1571: 1565: 1558: 1552: 1545: 1539: 1532: 1526: 1519: 1513: 1498: 1492: 1488: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1444: 1442: 1433: 1428: 1424: 1423:plastic model 1421: 1414: 1409: 1406: 1399: 1394: 1387: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1363: 1358: 1351: 1346: 1339: 1334: 1327: 1322: 1321: 1320: 1316: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1280:museum docent 1275: 1266: 1261: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1224: 1222: 1216: 1209: 1205: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1181: 1172: 1170: 1163: 1156:Radio control 1153: 1150: 1146: 1145: 1139: 1129: 1122: 1117: 1108: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1079:Bassett-Lowke 1075: 1071: 1063: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1041: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1004: 1001: 1000: 996: 993: 992: 989: 985: 981: 978: 975: 974:metric system 968: 964: 961: 960: 959: 953: 950: 947: 946: 945: 943: 938: 936: 932: 922: 919: 916: 913: 912: 908: 905: 902: 899: 898: 894: 891: 888: 885: 884: 880: 877: 874: 871: 870: 866: 863: 860: 857: 856: 852: 849: 846: 843: 842: 838: 835: 832: 829: 828: 824: 821: 818: 815: 814: 810: 807: 804: 801: 800: 796: 793: 790: 787: 786: 775: 773: 769: 768:pop pop boats 765: 751: 747: 741: 736: 732: 729:An assembled 725: 720: 716: 715: (BB-59) 714: 713:Massachusetts 705: 700: 696: 692: 685: 680: 676: 672: 668: 661: 656: 652: 645: 640: 639: 638: 637:less effort. 635: 629: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 589: 587: 583: 579: 573: 571: 566: 563: 560: 550: 547: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 523: 519: 517: 511: 504: 500: 499: 492: 480: 477: 474: 470: 467: 466: 465: 457: 455: 451: 447: 446:Steelnavy.com 443: 438: 434: 429: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 410: 404: 402: 398: 393: 388: 385: 381: 380:Bassett-Lowke 373: 368: 359: 357: 354: 350: 346: 342: 336: 333: 328: 325: 322: 320: 315: 310: 308: 304: 300: 295: 293: 289: 285: 277: 273: 269: 261: 253: 246: 241: 236: 226: 222: 219: 215: 210: 208: 204: 203:Sixth Dynasty 200: 195: 191: 187: 183: 180: 175: 171: 166: 163: 162: 157: 156: 151: 150: 145: 140: 136: 132: 131: 125: 121: 117: 115: 103:, c. 2000 BCE 102: 101:Ancient Egypt 97: 88: 86: 82: 77: 75: 71: 67: 63: 57: 52: 45: 44:Bishop Museum 40: 34: 30: 19: 2774: 2743: 2736: 2642: 2580: 2505:1:18 diecast 2437: 2391:Construction 2302:the original 2292: 2281:. Retrieved 2277:the original 2267: 2256:. Retrieved 2252:the original 2242: 2231:. Retrieved 2226: 2222: 2210: 2199:. Retrieved 2193: 2186: 2166: 2159: 2148:. Retrieved 2138: 2118: 2097:. Retrieved 2087: 2075:. Retrieved 2071: 2062: 2049: 2041: 2029: 2024: 2015: 2011: 1991:. Retrieved 1987:the original 1982: 1978: 1968: 1948: 1941: 1930:. Retrieved 1926:the original 1916: 1905:. Retrieved 1901:the original 1877:. Retrieved 1867: 1856:. Retrieved 1846: 1812: 1789:. Retrieved 1779: 1770: 1761: 1753: 1737: 1732: 1720: 1698: 1693: 1685: 1669: 1647: 1642: 1634: 1613: 1601: 1595: 1587: 1569: 1564: 1556: 1551: 1543: 1538: 1530: 1525: 1517: 1512: 1501:. Retrieved 1491: 1440: 1375:labels, and 1373:Express Mail 1317: 1313: 1302:tied at the 1276: 1272: 1263: 1244:cruise ships 1240:LNG carriers 1232:supertankers 1225: 1217: 1214: 1202: 1193:model basins 1186: 1165: 1143: 1134: 1120: 1094: 1086:World War II 1083: 1074:1:1200 scale 1067: 1059:1:1250 scale 1038: 1021: 1018: 986: 982: 979: 971: 966: 957: 941: 939: 928: 761: 712: 677:accessories. 630: 590: 574: 567: 556: 548: 534: 526: 524: 520: 513: 497: 463: 437:MyTime Media 430: 426:Gordon Grant 425: 421: 417: 407: 405: 389: 377: 348: 340: 337: 329: 326: 317: 311: 296: 281: 223: 211: 196: 192: 188: 184: 173: 167: 161:Navy of Oman 159: 153: 147: 128: 126: 122: 118: 111: 81:shipbuilding 78: 70:scale models 65: 61: 60: 2788:Model boats 1816:. Zwemmer. 1572:33.1:154-5. 1439:USCGC 1310:Collections 1111:Large scale 1002:3/16 scale 942:D2 = D1 x F 931:shipwrights 772:hydroplanes 746:1:700 scale 731:1:700 scale 634:photoetched 562:polystyrene 330:During the 299:Shipwrights 235:Votive ship 199:Tutankhamen 149:The History 130:Land museum 66:model ships 62:Ship models 18:Model ships 2782:Categories 2727:Port Revel 2712:Kitbashing 2474:Matchstick 2283:2007-12-12 2258:2007-12-12 2233:2024-01-10 2201:2024-01-06 2150:2012-12-10 2099:2007-12-05 1993:2007-12-05 1932:2007-12-05 1907:2007-12-05 1879:2007-12-05 1858:2007-12-05 1791:2007-12-05 1723:Tutankamun 1701:Tutankamun 1503:2007-12-05 1483:References 1189:similitude 1070:war gaming 1010:1/4 scale 994:1/8 scale 764:live steam 758:Live steam 473:fiberglass 454:Hyperscale 433:Model Boat 362:Modern era 356:Round Pond 314:Royal Navy 233:See also: 214:papyriform 155:Royal Navy 2654:H0m scale 2649:H0e scale 2617:Protofour 2457:Materials 2448:Wargaming 2401:Dollhouse 1832:cite book 1559:33.1:154. 1377:duct tape 1319:scratch. 1142:USS 1084:Prior to 1044:Wargaming 750:photoetch 711:USS 675:photoetch 621:Trumpeter 539:sternpost 531:bulkheads 496:HMS 384:Boucher's 345:Hyde Park 319:Admiralty 144:Herodotus 114:Phoenicia 56:Mauritius 2764:Category 2732:Room box 2695:Aircraft 2612:OO scale 2607:HO scale 2602:TT scale 2423:Military 2376:Aircraft 2369:Products 2077:21 April 1688:32.1:62. 1672:32.1:61. 1637:4.2:201. 1606:Archived 1590:4.2:293. 1451:See also 1248:Grenoble 1144:Missouri 1064:of ships 794:to 3/16 617:Hasegawa 397:Radiguet 392:tinplate 292:carracks 288:galleons 218:trawling 46:, Hawaii 2674:V scale 2637:1 scale 2632:O scale 2627:G scale 2622:S scale 2597:N scale 2592:Z scale 2587:T gauge 2479:Plastic 2469:Diecast 2443:Railway 2396:Diorama 2012:Signals 1612:at the 1405:capstan 944:where: 797:to 1/4 791:to 1/8 671:Zuikaku 553:Plastic 358:alone. 284:galleys 274:at the 243:Church 207:Meketre 174:L.Basch 170:Mochlos 91:History 2707:Gundam 2488:Scales 2433:Rocket 2411:Action 2406:Figure 2174: 2126: 1956: 1820: 1754:Boats. 1420:Revell 1300:Eureka 1254:Yachts 1199:Manned 1090:Wiking 889:0.625 667:Tamiya 613:Tamiya 597:Revell 593:Airfix 498:Sussex 486:Wooden 401:Monaco 321:models 245:votive 229:Europe 135:Kassel 2793:Ships 2669:16 mm 2575:1:700 2570:1:500 2565:1:350 2560:1:285 2555:1:200 2550:1:144 2464:Brass 2428:Robot 2418:Horse 2219:(PDF) 1441:Taney 1369:paper 1121:Akagi 935:scale 920:0.75 909:1.14 906:0.86 903:0.57 900:7/32 895:1.25 892:0.94 881:1.33 875:0.67 872:3/16 858:5/32 839:2.67 833:1.33 830:3/32 822:2.25 816:1/12 802:1/16 788:from 586:1/700 582:1/350 578:1/700 516:hulls 448:, or 133:) in 74:ships 2700:Cars 2659:Gn15 2545:1:72 2540:1:64 2535:1:50 2530:1:48 2525:1:43 2520:1:35 2515:1:32 2510:1:24 2500:1:18 2495:1:12 2438:Ship 2386:Cars 2172:ISBN 2124:ISBN 2079:2018 1954:ISBN 1838:link 1818:ISBN 1686:IJNA 1670:IJNA 1635:IJNA 1588:IJNA 1570:IJNA 1557:IJNA 1242:and 1226:The 923:1.0 917:0.5 914:1/4 886:1.5 878:1.0 867:1.6 864:1.2 861:0.8 853:2.0 850:1.5 847:1.0 844:1/8 836:2.0 825:3.0 819:1.5 811:4.0 808:3.0 805:2.0 609:Imai 605:Pyro 603:and 601:Frog 543:stem 541:and 179:keel 158:and 68:are 31:and 2664:On2 2048:at 1136:of 146:in 72:of 64:or 2784:: 2227:36 2225:. 2221:. 2108:^ 2070:. 2016:82 2014:. 2002:^ 1983:45 1981:. 1977:. 1888:^ 1834:}} 1830:{{ 1800:^ 1745:^ 1710:^ 1677:^ 1655:^ 1624:^ 1577:^ 1371:, 1238:, 1234:, 1195:. 1107:. 967:4" 774:. 665:A 623:, 615:, 611:, 599:, 595:, 444:, 403:. 286:, 2354:e 2347:t 2340:v 2286:. 2261:. 2236:. 2204:. 2180:. 2153:. 2132:. 2102:. 2081:. 1996:. 1962:. 1935:. 1910:. 1882:. 1861:. 1840:) 1826:. 1794:. 1725:. 1703:. 1506:. 1379:. 717:. 697:. 374:. 35:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index