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likely her elderly mother, Rebecca Young; an apprenticing indentured servant, Grace Wisher; and also contracted labor from the immediate neighborhood. An additional unnamed
African American who boarded in the house is also listed as helping in some sources, as were additional local seamstresses who were hired during the summer. Often working late into the evening, until midnight at times, Pickersgill's team was able to complete the job in six weeks. Pickersgill's daughter, in an 1876 letter to Georgiana Armistead Appleton, the daughter of Major Armistead (later breveted a lieutenant colonel), wrote these particulars about the flag:
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360:; and I remember seeing my mother down on the floor, placing the stars: after the completion of the flag, she superintended the topping of it, having it fastened in the most secure manner to prevent its being torn away by (cannon) balls: the wisdom of her precaution was shown during the engagement: many shots piercing it, but it still remained firm to the staff. Your father (Col. Armistead) declared that no one but the maker of the flag should mend it, and requested that the rents should merely be bound around.
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the
British had ceased firing on the fort. A diary entry from a British sub-altern on board ship and recently returned from the North Point battlefield, George Glebe, described that sunny morning when the Americans at the distant fort "fired their ("wake-up") morning gun salute and raised a splendid ensign" over the battlements. While negotiating a prisoner exchange aboard a British ship,
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412:. In 1912 the loan became permanent, and the flag underwent a variety of restorations. Beginning in December 1998, the flag began an $ 18 million conservation treatment (not a restoration) and now this flag that was hand crafted by Pickersgill and her helpers in 1813 is one of the most important artifacts, and the centerpiece of the redesigned
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The main flag weighed about 50 pounds (23 kg), and it took 11 men to raise it onto a 90-foot (27 m) flagpole. The result was an enormous
American flag that could be seen for several miles from the Fort. On October 27, 1813 a receipt was given to Pickersgill and her niece Eliza Young in the
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were of
English wool bunting. Each stripe was two feet (61 cm) wide and each of the stars measured 24 inches (61 cm) across from tip to tip. The women did much of the work in the evening after the brewery closed, sometimes working until midnight, and Pickersgill delivered the flags to Fort
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On
October 2, 1795, at age 19, Mary married John Pickersgill, a merchant, and moved back to Philadelphia with him. Of Mary's four children, only one survived childhood, a daughter named Caroline. Mary's husband traveled to London to work for the United States Government in the British Claims Office,
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had been established to help needy
Baltimore families with educating their children, and to help destitute women find employment. Pickersgill served as the president of this society from 1828 to 1851, and under her presidency a home for aged women was finally opened in West Baltimore in 1851 after a
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Pickersgill, widowed at age 29, became successful enough in her flag-making business that in 1820 she was able to buy the house that she had been renting in
Baltimore, and later she became active in addressing social issues, such as housing and employment for disadvantaged women. From 1828 to 1851,
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After the 1814 battle, George
Armistead took possession of the large flag, and after his death in 1818 his widow, Louisa Hughes Armistead, kept it. During her four decades of ownership, she allowed it to be displayed on a few occasions, and also removed pieces of it to be given as gifts, a common
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on
September 13, because of the inclement weather that night with the driving rainstorm (which would have made the woolen bunting material soggy and too heavy to blow out in any breeze). However, it was Pickersgill's large flag that was flying over the fort at daybreak on September 14, 1814, after
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By 1820 Pickersgill had become sufficiently successful in her business to purchase the house she had been renting, and she lived there for the remainder of her life. Her business success allowed her to become active in addressing social issues such as housing, job placement, and financial aid for
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In early summer 1813, she began the job, and as a task as large as the making of these flags was beyond the capability of one person to complete, and
Pickersgill not only drew on members of her own household for help including her daughter Caroline; her two nieces, Eliza and Margaret Young, and
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in southwest Baltimore, where her daughter erected a monument for her, and where some civic-minded organizations later erected a bronze plaque. The house where Pickersgill lived for 50 years, at the northwest corner of Albemarle and East Pratt Streets in downtown Baltimore, became known as the
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for children and employment for women. Under Pickersgill's leadership, this organization built a home for aged women and later added an Aged Men's Home which was built adjacent to it. These, more than a century later, evolved into the Pickersgill Retirement Community of
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Of Pickersgill's five siblings, her oldest brother, William Young, was also a flag maker, and it is likely that his two daughters were Pickersgill's nieces that assisted in making the Star Spangled Banner flag. Her sister, Hannah Young, married Captain Jesse Fearson, a
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practice of the day. Following her death in 1861 the flag went to her daughter, Georgiana Armistead Appleton, and later to her grandson, Eben Appleton. The flag was moved to various locations over a 40-year period until 1907 when Eben Appleton loaned it to the
622:, Purdy called herself "widowed and childless." She had become somewhat destitute late in life, and in the same letter requested some financial assistance, but also provided some history about her mother and the making of the Star-Spangled Banner flag.
342:, Pickersgill's brother-in-law, visited with Pickersgill, and discussed the particulars of the desired flag. They commissioned Pickersgill to make two flags, "one American ensign, 30 X 42 feet, first quality bunting" and another flag 17 by 25 feet."
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I am often asked which of our more than 140 million objects is our greatest treasure, our most valued possession. Of all the questions asked of me, this is the easiest to answer: our greatest treasure is, of course, the Star-Spangled Banner.
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long planning and construction process. Following her tenure as president, a home for aged men was then established adjacent to the women's home in 1869. In 1959 the two homes were combined and moved from west Baltimore to
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Pickersgill's one surviving child, Caroline (1800-1884), married John Purdy (1795-1837). The couple apparently had no surviving children, because in a letter written late in her life to the daughter of
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amount of $ 405.90 for the larger flag, and $ 168.54 for the smaller one (which was also used at Fort McHenry as a storm flag). The small flag may have been flying when the British initially attacked
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The large flag contained over 400 yards (370 meters) of fabric, and included 15 stripes and 15 stars, one for each of the 15 states of the union. The stars were made of cotton and the stripes and blue
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244:. Her mother, who became widowed when Mary was two years old, had a flag shop on Walnut Street in Philadelphia where she made ensigns, garrison flags and "Continental Colors" for the
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to compose the words to the United States National Anthem, Pickersgill is also remembered for her humanitarian contributions to society, evident in her decades-long presidency of the
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saw the flag, and this inspired him to pen the words to the poem "The Defence of Fort McHenry" that later became the National Anthem of the United States in 1931.
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About the time of the American Bicentennial, noted artist Robert McGill Mackall created a painting depicting Mary Pickersgill and her helpers in the
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that was so large that the British would have no difficulty seeing it from a great distance. The flag was installed in August 1813 and, during the
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on June 14, 1805, leaving Mary widowed at age 29. In 1807 Mary moved back to Baltimore with her daughter Caroline and 67-year-old mother Rebecca.
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in 1927. The house was saved through the efforts of many preservation-minded citizens who were motivated by the Centennial Celebrations of 1914.
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read, "All kinds of colours, for the Army and Navy, made and sold on the most reasonable Terms, By Rebecca Young." Young moved her family to
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could see the flag while negotiating a prisoner exchange aboard a British vessel and was inspired to pen the words that became the
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in southwest Baltimore. Her daughter Caroline erected a monument for her, and later the genealogical heritage organization
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in Baltimore, felt that the fort was prepared for an attack, except it lacked a flag. In a letter to the head of the
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The flag being so very large, mother was obliged to obtain permission from the proprietors of Claggetts [
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The small family rented a house at 44 Queen Street (later 844 East Pratt Street, which became the
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Star-Spangled Banner Flag House and later renamed the Flag House and Star-Spangled Banner Museum
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which had been founded in 1802 and incorporated in 1811, and helped impoverished families with
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when Mary was a child, and it was from her mother that Mary learned the craft of flag making.
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of a brewery, sewing the "Star-Spangled Banner". A copy of the painting is maintained by the
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disadvantaged women, decades before these issues became prominent concerns in society. The
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1021:"Letter from Caroline Pickersgill Purdy to Georgiana Armistead Appleton, Baltimore (1876)"
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Note: sources vary as to who was in this delegation; most sources say there were three men
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during the British occupation of that city, the first American capital, in late 1776.
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While the brewery was known as Claggett's for many decades, it was actually known as
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Concerning Pickersgill's famous flag, In 1998, I. Michael Heyman, Secretary of the
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on February 12, 1776, the youngest of the six children of William Young and
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Inscriptions on tombstone and plaque at Mary Pickersgill gravesite,
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923:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 260–261.
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Scraping By: Wage Labor, Slaver, and Survival in Early Baltimore
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Pickersgill's uncle, Colonel Benjamin Flower, fought during the
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Genealogical and Memorial Encyclopedia of the State of Maryland
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at the time that Pickering made the Star Spangled Banner flag.
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159:; February 12, 1776 – October 4, 1857) was the maker of the
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Pickersgill died on October 4, 1857, and is buried in
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744:. New York: The American Historical Society. p.
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I. Michael Heyman, Smithsonian Institution Secretary
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and military commander for Baltimore, Major General
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383:McHenry on August 19, 1813, a full year before the
1251:Smithsonian (Star Spangled Banner back on display)
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606:who was captured by the British and imprisoned in
1144:"Making the Star Spangled Banner Flag (painting)"
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1234:Mary Pickersgill Making the Star-Spangled Banner
269:Star Spangled Banner Flag House and 1812 Museum
219:Pickersgill died in 1857 and was buried in the
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1019:National Museum of American History (1876).
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968:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
460:Star Spangled Banner Flag House Association
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571:Plaque at foot of Pickersgill's grave,
522:Mary Pickersgill was the namesake of a
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863:Maryland Commission for Women (2002).
27:Maker of the Star Spangled Banner Flag
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314:had complete maritime control of the
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1749:Euphemia Mary Goldsborough Willson
1060:Pickersgill Retirement Community.
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1276:Baltimore City Historical Society
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890:Maryland State Archives (2006).
801:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
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865:"Maryland Women's Hall of Fame"
738:Spencer, Richard Henry (1919).
494:Impartial Female Humane Society
456:United States Daughters of 1812
440:Impartial Female Humane Society
430:Impartial Female Humane Society
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226:Star-Spangled Banner Flag House
205:Impartial Female Humane Society
183:to make a flag for Baltimore's
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1317:Maryland Women's Hall of Fame
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1100:Joint Committee on Printing,
715:Timeline of Baltimore history
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197:United States National Anthem
1636:Margaret Collins Schweinhaut
1423:Frances Ellen Watkins Harper
475:Pickersgill's grave marker,
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2976:Maryland in the War of 1812
947:Rediscover1812.com (2010).
797:Flag: An American Biography
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517:Maryland Historical Society
289:Star-Spangled Banner (flag)
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2971:Flags of the United States
2330:Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps
2030:Virginia Walcott Beauchamp
1382:Lillie Mae Carroll Jackson
1246:Founding Fathers short bio
1210:"John Purdy (1795 - 1837)"
994:"The Star-Spangled Banner"
690:Flags of the United States
602:ship commander during the
580:American Revolutionary War
506:National Historic Landmark
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1428:Juanita Jackson Mitchell
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2107:Shoshana Shoubin Cardin
1927:Constance Uriolo Battle
1703:Harriet Elizabeth Brown
1667:Elizabeth King Ellicott
541:Smithsonian Institution
236:Mary Young was born in
100:, Baltimore, section AA
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2658:Sandra Williams Ortega
2602:Marsha Coleman-Adebayo
2576:Elaine Danforth Harmon
2561:Sophia Arabatzis Balis
2009:Mary Young Pickersgill
1978:Eunice Kennedy Shriver
1937:Sonia Pressman Fuentes
1883:Elizabeth Fran Johnson
1842:Mary Katharine Goddard
1744:Nettie Barcroft Taylor
1698:Mary Elizabeth Banning
1397:Jeanette Rosner Wolman
1271:Mary Pickersgill house
1102:United States Congress
917:Rockman, Seth (2009).
892:"Archives of Maryland"
789:Leepson, Marc (2005).
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250:"Pennsylvania Packet"
108:Seamstress, flagmaker
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2438:Helen Delich Bentley
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1868:Florence Riefle Bahr
1837:Constance Ross Beims
1739:Amanda Taylor Norris
1641:Carmen Delgado Votaw
1590:Mary Elizabeth Lange
1459:Sadie Kneller Miller
1088:Loudon Park Cemetery
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710:History of Baltimore
640:United States portal
573:Loudon Park Cemetery
477:Loudon Park Cemetery
452:Loudon Park Cemetery
300:Star-Spangled Banner
221:Loudon Park Cemetery
161:Star-Spangled Banner
118:Star-Spangled Banner
98:Loudon Park Cemetery
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2004:Florence P. Kendall
1999:Mabel Houze Hubbard
1983:Sandra W. Tomlinson
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1785:Barbara A. Robinson
1780:Brigid G. Leventhal
1729:Jill Moss Greenberg
1569:Mary Lemist Titcomb
1469:Martha Carey Thomas
1402:Hiltgunt Zassenhaus
1387:Elizabeth Ann Seton
700:History of Maryland
668:Pennsylvania portal
586:, commander of the
397:Battle of Baltimore
385:Battle of Baltimore
254:Baltimore, Maryland
189:Battle of Baltimore
169:Battle of Baltimore
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1942:Josephine Jacobsen
1873:Lillian C. Compton
1847:Elaine Ryan Hedges
1657:Rosalyn Blake Bell
1564:Adele Hagner Stamp
1464:Mary Eliza Risteau
1188:"Pickersgill Rose"
1164:Mariners-l.co.uk.
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1852:Mary Carter Smith
1811:Catherine R. Gira
1626:Anna Ella Carroll
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1166:"Liberty Ships-M"
949:"Rediscover 1812"
930:978-0-8018-9006-2
871:on 13 August 2012
831:External link in
584:George Washington
490:Francis Scott Key
402:Francis Scott Key
193:Francis Scott Key
150:
149:
61:February 12, 1776
16:(Redirected from
3008:
2886:Gloria G. Lawlah
2850:Beatrice Rodgers
2809:Ruby Reese Moone
2804:Margaret Hawkins
2773:Claire Parkinson
2753:
2752:
2742:
2741:
2724:Pauline Woo Tsui
2668:Rita L. Robinson
2653:Sandra I. Barnes
2520:Beverly B. Byron
2494:Susan K. Goering
2458:Linda A. Shevitz
2376:Lucy Diggs Slowe
2356:Carol W. Greider
2315:Claire M. Fraser
2305:
2304:
2294:
2293:
2179:Annette M.Deener
2071:Edmonson sisters
2014:Lorraine Sheehan
1917:
1916:
1906:
1905:
1595:Claire McCardell
1539:
1538:
1528:
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1510:Estelle R. Ramey
1454:Barbara Mikulski
1438:Helen B. Taussig
1356:Rita C. Davidson
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1186:HelpMeFind.com.
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1064:. Archived from
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682:Biography portal
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663:
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650:
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637:
636:
635:
620:George Armistead
588:Continental Army
558:
498:Towson, Maryland
445:Towson, Maryland
338:, and Commodore
328:Maryland Militia
320:George Armistead
246:Continental Army
214:Towson, Maryland
181:George Armistead
153:Mary Pickersgill
127:John Pickersgill
78:
48:Mary Pickersgill
46:
36:Mary Pickersgill
32:
31:
21:
18:Mary Pickersgill
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2783:Leslie R. Wolfe
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2699:Dominique Dawes
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2499:Henrietta Lacks
2467:
2453:Ellen Sauerbrey
2426:
2422:Gwendolyn Rooks
2402:Margaret Dunkle
2385:
2381:June A. Willenz
2344:
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2199:Audrey E. Scott
2167:
2126:
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2081:Esther McCready
2059:
2018:
1987:
1973:Charmaine Krohe
1963:Kathleen Feeley
1951:
1932:Lois Green Carr
1911:
1892:
1856:
1825:
1789:
1775:Mary Digges Lee
1753:
1717:
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1662:Lucille Clifton
1645:
1621:Annie Armstrong
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1573:
1554:Enolia McMillan
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1433:Mary Shaw Shorb
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1392:Henrietta Szold
1370:
1361:Gladys Spellman
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654:Maryland portal
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484:Besides making
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209:school vouchers
89:
80:
76:
75:October 4, 1857
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2117:Susan R. Panny
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1801:Diane L. Adams
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1708:Connie Morella
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1549:Lucille Maurer
1545:
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1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1366:Harriet Tubman
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1346:Margaret Brent
1342:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1312:
1305:
1298:
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1284:
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1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1261:The Flag House
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1228:
1227:External links
1225:
1223:
1222:
1208:Ancestry.com.
1200:
1178:
1156:
1134:
1120:
1092:
1079:
1068:on 25 May 2012
1049:
1036:
1006:
984:
975:
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882:
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807:
758:
724:
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718:
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707:
702:
697:
692:
686:
685:
671:
657:
643:
627:
624:
564:
561:
545:
488:that inspired
474:
467:
464:
428:
421:
418:
369:Pickersgill's
368:
316:Chesapeake Bay
297:
287:Main article:
284:
281:
242:Rebecca Flower
233:
230:
191:a year later,
148:
147:
145:Rebecca Flower
141:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
114:
113:Known for
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
95:
91:
90:
81:
79:(aged 81)
73:
69:
68:
63:
57:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3013:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
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2962:
2959:
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2954:
2953:
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2704:Virginia Hall
2702:
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2627:Katie Ledecky
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2612:Donna Edwards
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2443:Jean B. Cryor
2441:
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2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2412:Alice Manicur
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2397:Maureen Black
2395:
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2366:Ligia Peralta
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2266:Harriet Legum
2264:
2262:
2261:Diane Griffin
2259:
2257:
2254:
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2241:
2238:
2236:
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2230:Pauline Menes
2228:
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2218:
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2213:
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2200:
2197:
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2189:Prasanna Nair
2187:
2185:
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2177:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2163:Grace Snively
2161:
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2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
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2002:
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1990:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
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1971:
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1947:Rosetta Stith
1945:
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1821:Rosa Ponselle
1819:
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1816:Helen L. Koss
1814:
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1505:Lena King Lee
1503:
1501:
1500:Lavinia Engle
1498:
1496:
1495:Eugenie Clark
1493:
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1490:Bertha Adkins
1488:
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1474:Verda Welcome
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2489:Renee E. Fox
2371:Gertrude Poe
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1672:Jean Spencer
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2778:Nancy Roman
2581:Joanne Katz
2256:Ilia Fehrer
1968:Misbah Khan
1770:Ethel Ennis
791:"Chapter 5"
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410:Smithsonian
395:during the
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116:Sewing the
2950:Categories
2407:Nancy Kopp
2055:Debbie Yow
1062:"About Us"
513:malt house
420:Later life
358:malt house
312:Royal Navy
232:Early life
157:Mary Young
58:Mary Young
2148:Bea Gaddy
824:cite book
705:Baltimore
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199:in 1931.
140:Parent(s)
83:Baltimore
1107:Our Flag
1104:(2001).
964:cite web
626:See also
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318:. Major
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132:Children
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298:the
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